EP2178707B1 - Security document having watermark-like structure - Google Patents
Security document having watermark-like structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2178707B1 EP2178707B1 EP08801587.0A EP08801587A EP2178707B1 EP 2178707 B1 EP2178707 B1 EP 2178707B1 EP 08801587 A EP08801587 A EP 08801587A EP 2178707 B1 EP2178707 B1 EP 2178707B1
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- recess
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- document
- hollow
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/333—Watermarks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
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- B42D2033/22—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/346—Perforations
Definitions
- the invention relates to composite security documents and to methods for producing such composite security documents which comprise a document body, wherein the document body is a monolithic laminate body produced from a plurality of layers.
- watermarks are made by structures that are located in a sieve, with which the pulp is scooped out of the water. At locations where the screen is raised, fewer fibers accumulate than at those locations where the screen has recesses. There are more fibers collecting. At the points where there are fewer fibers, the paper is more transparent than at those points where more fibers have collected. In transmitted light, the watermark without technical aids is also easy to recognize for a layman. Modern paper mills are able to display patterns, characters and other graphic representations in different shades of gray. As a result, a simulation of a watermark, eg by an oily substance, almost impossible.
- paper documents have other disadvantages with regard to their security against counterfeiting, so that modern security documents are almost exclusively plastic-based documents in which several layers are fused into a monolithic block in a lamination process.
- a document body is also referred to as a card body, since the security documents are generally transverse to a direction of layering of the individual Layers or foils that are laminated to one another have a greater extent than along the lamination direction, so that the resulting composite security documents have a card shape.
- plastic-based documents are known from the prior art, as they are used, for example, for credit and debit cards, but also as identification documents, e.g. for identity cards and driving licenses, etc., find use.
- One of the most suitable manufacturing methods for such plastic-based documents is a lamination method of a layer or stack construction in which individual layers stacked on top of each other, such as plastic films, are heated above their glass transition temperature and subjected to high pressure for a long time to form the individual layers monolithic card body to merge.
- no methods are known to incorporate a watermark comparable security feature in the cards.
- embossing plates which impress structures in the outer layers, for example lens structures, in order to produce an angle-dependent representation, as described, for example, in US Pat DE 199 49 945 or the DE 100 36 505 are described.
- a disadvantage of these embossments is that the stamping plates are very expensive to produce, since the Himalayagenden structures must protrude as negative structures from the plate surface, which makes a production very expensive.
- embossing plates are subject to high wear.
- a simple variation of the Himalayagenden structures is therefore not readily possible, as each new stamping plates must be made.
- a small series production of individualized security documents with embossed structures is therefore not possible according to the current state of the art at a reasonable cost.
- WO 2005/108110 A1 is a value document, in particular a banknote, with a layer sequence known, into which by the action of laser radiation visually or machine recognizable markings in the form of patterns, letters, Numbers or pictures are introduced.
- the layer sequence receives a marking layer of a color mixture which has a mixture component absorbing the laser radiation and a mixture component transparent to the laser radiation, the marking being visually and / or mechanically recognizable due to an irreversible change in the optical properties of the color mixture caused by the action of the laser radiation.
- the invention is therefore based on the technical object of composite security documents, which is a document body, which is a monolithic laminate body produced from several layers, with a Watermark-like security feature include, and to provide a method for its production, which eliminate the disadvantages described above and in particular allow individualization of the composite security elements in a simpler manner.
- the invention is based on the idea of creating hollow relief-like structures inside the composite security document.
- it is provided according to the invention to create one or more empty cavities in the layer or stack structure prior to lamination. These cavities can be created by recesses in the material to be laminated of the layers.
- an empty recess or empty cavity one is considered which has no material to be laminated or another material in the stack construction and is completely surrounded by plastic material to be laminated.
- the resulting from the empty recess during lamination structure is referred to as a hollow relief-like structure.
- the security feature formed in the composite security document is referred to as a hollow-relief-type structure.
- a composite security document having an internal hollow relief-like structure
- a document body being a monolithic laminate body made of several layers
- the document body comprising at least one hollow-relief-like structure used in a high-temperature, high-pressure lamination process, from an upper and lower side, formed on a layering direction of the layers, formed in at least one of the layers before the lamination process empty recess is formed.
- a method for producing a composite security document with a document body comprises the following steps: providing a plurality of layers, arranging the plurality of layers one above the other, and laminating the plurality on top of one another arranged layers in a high-temperature high-pressure lamination process to a monolithic card body, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers at least one recess is introduced and the plurality of layers are arranged so that the at least one recess to a top and a bottom of the superimposed layers is completed and the volume of the recess is empty and the empty recess is preferably evacuated and the lamination is carried out so that a hollow-relief-like structure is formed in the card body.
- the new knowledge is exploited that above the glass transition temperature of the plastics to which the layers are heated in the high-temperature high-pressure lamination process, can be kept in a viscosity range, which causes a complete fusion of the superimposed layers, but on the other hand
- the result is that the empty recesses and cavities are not filled so completely by material of the layers that the contours of the recess completely disappear.
- the plastics are also above the glass transition temperature and at high pressures unable to fill the recess leveling with material, as would be expected for a low viscosity liquid. The recess can therefore be seen slightly lowered with running contours.
- Recesses can be formed by depressions, ie recesses which do not completely break through the respective layer. Furthermore, recesses may be formed by apertures that completely penetrate a layer and form a passage opening in this layer or represent. Breakthroughs can be made in different ways. Recesses may also be formed by a combination of perforations and depressions in different layers or be.
- the recess is formed in at least one layer lying in front of the lamination. This ensures that the inner hollow relief-like structure protrudes deep into the document body viewed from one of the surfaces.
- the recess formed in the inner layer is formed by means of an opening or comprises an opening which penetrates completely through at least one layer, ie. a passage opening through the layer.
- the at least one recess comprises at least one opening through at least one layer lying inside during the stratification.
- the at least one recess is formed in such an embodiment by introducing into at least one of the layers, which becomes or is an inner layer, an aperture which completely penetrates the respective layer.
- the hollow-relief-like structure comprises a recess perceptible on one of the surfaces.
- a surface-perceptible recess can also be achieved in manufacturing processes in which the recess prior to lamination is deposited only in internal layers, i. is not formed in the layer disposed on a surface of the document body.
- the advantage of such an embodiment is that the hollow-relief-like structure is perceived not only visually, but also tactile.
- parts of a material from which the layers are formed above and / or below the recess in addition to the material of the layers; in which the recess is located, used to fill the recess.
- "contour changes" thus occur in layers arranged above or below.
- an optically variable security feature is incorporated in a region of the at least one hollow-relief-like structure, in particular by a structure with an interference color in a hollow relief-like structure overlapping area printed layer is incorporated between the original recess and the outside of the document body.
- An optically variable security feature is understood to be any security feature that produces a different impression as a function of a viewing direction. For example, an interference color changes its perceived color depending on the viewing angle.
- the security feature is not only visible in a grainy viewing of the document. In the area of the hollow relief-like structure, therefore, different colors appear without the need to change a viewing angle of the document. Thus, a verification of the hollow-relief-like structure is greatly simplified.
- the optically variable security feature is also incorporated in an inner layer, so that a tamper resistance and protection against wear are increased.
- the at least one hollow-relief-like structure has regions of different material thickness with respect to the direction of the layering, apart from an edge contour.
- the recess in different areas which are not edge regions of the recess, ie, are not regions that indicate a contour of the recess in plan view, different thicknesses, with respect to a direction of lamination of the individual comprising layers laminated together.
- An optical perceptibility is increased by the fact that above or below the recess, an opaque layer, which may be printed, for example, is arranged. That is, preferably, before the lamination, an opaque layer or at least a part of an opaque layer is disposed between the recess and a surface of the layer stack.
- a grayscale watermark-like structure can also be introduced into a document body if the document body is formed at least one further hollow-relief-like structure formed by at least one of the preferably inwardly located layers before lamination, which has a geometrical configuration, in particular their extent, with respect to the layering direction, of the at least one hollow-relief-like structure distinguishes.
- the plurality of hollow-relief-like structures arranged in a pattern preferably have different dimensions along the direction of the lamination. The greater the extent along the direction of the layering, the more the layers arranged toward a surface of the document body can be influenced and changed in the region of the recess during lamination.
- the plurality of hollow-relief-like layers preferably lead to different thicknesses of the card document at the different hollow relief-like structures.
- the multiplicity of hollow-relief-type structures are produced by means of a multiplicity of recesses, which have a different extent with respect to a laminating direction. The larger the extent of the recess with respect to the direction of the layering, the more the material thickness in the region of the forming hollow-relief-like structure is lower.
- the recesses can be produced in a particularly simple manner by punching out internal layers. Punches are particularly easy to make breakthroughs.
- the advantage of using punched-outs is that they can be easily introduced and a plurality of punch-outs can be made to produce a pattern in a layer. A variation of the pattern is easily possible.
- the at least one recess and / or the at least one further recess are formed by superimposed punches of a plurality of inner layers.
- the at least one recess and the at least one further recess are punched out and additional recesses are introduced into at least one further layer and the at least one layer and the at least one further layer are arranged as inner layers during the layering in such a way that they are covered
- different numbers of recesses and / or different deep recesses are arranged one above the other, so that form different hollow-relief-like structures of the at least one recess and the at least one further recess.
- Grayscale can be generated in a punched pattern, for example, by punching in several of the layers recesses, so that when stacking the plurality of punched layers as inner layers at different locations different numbers of punched holes are stacked.
- different hollow relief-like structures form in the document body.
- the hollow-relief-like structures in different structures ie in different planes perpendicular to the layer plane, may be formed in the document body.
- apertures made in a similar manner to apertures may be used to create recesses of varying depth in a stack of layers prior to lamination.
- Recesses can be introduced into the layers not only by punching, but also all other techniques can be used, which can effect a layer thickness modulation. These preferably include, in addition to punching, engraving, different laser processing techniques, etc.
- diffractive surface structures are produced on at least one surface of the document body by means of the hollow-relief-like structures.
- Advantage of this embodiment is that simple punched can be used to produce diffractive surface structures. Elaborate printing plates or stamping plates, as used in the prior art, are not required for this purpose.
- a contrast-generating material This may be a paint or paste comprising, for example, metallic particles, carbon black or the like. Such an embodiment is able to produce a contrast even in transmitted light.
- a contrast in the visible range, UV range or in the infrared wavelength range is formed. It is particularly preferred if In contrast to the rest of the document body material, a contrast is produced both in the visible and in the infrared wavelength range, so that both a simple optical backlight test and a machine test in the infrared wavelength range can take place.
- an overprint of the document body with a transparent color in the infrared wavelength range is particularly preferred.
- the composite security document 1 comprises a document body 2 made of multiple layers 3-7 in a high-pressure, high-pressure lamination process. This means that the multiple layers 3-7 are using a suitable temperature and pressure profile are laminated. Such methods are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the in Fig. 1c shown document body is composed of five layers 3-7. Generally, the number of layers used is between 3 and 15, preferably between 5 and 12.
- the document body 2 has a hollow-relief-like structure 8, which is produced in the high-pressure high-temperature lamination of an empty recess in an inner layer, here a middle layer 5.
- the hollow-relief-like structure 8 is a watermark-like structure of the composite security document 1.
- a recess is first incorporated into a layer 5, which is preferably a plastic film.
- a T-shaped recess 9 is introduced via an opening, which is preferably made by means of a punching.
- the plastic film is preferably a film having a thickness ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, preferably ⁇ 50 ⁇ m and particularly preferably ⁇ 35 ⁇ m.
- the layer 5 provided with the T-shaped recess 9 is layered as a middle layer between the remaining layers 3, 4 and 6, 7.
- the layers are preferably carried out in vacuo. As a result, the empty space in the recess 9 is evacuated.
- stacked state is thus the empty and evacuated recess in the middle of the layer stack 10. It is surrounded on all sides by plastic material of the layers 3,4,5.
- the layer stack 10 is now in a high-pressure high-temperature lamination process to a monolithic document body 2, the in Fig. 1c is shown merged.
- the individual layers 3-7 are heated to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the individual plastics of which the layers 3-7 are made.
- plastic layers in particular plastic films with high softening temperature are used.
- polyethylene terephthalate and its derivatives are particularly preferably polycarbonates, in particular bisphenol A polycarbonate.
- thermoplastically processable plastics such as polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and a composite material such as Teslin are used. These are preferably heated to temperatures ⁇ 100 ° C, preferably to temperatures ⁇ 120 ° C and most preferably to temperatures above 140 ° C.
- the layers are pressed together by high pressure. The pressure is applied parallel to a direction of lamination 11. That is, the upper layer 3 and the lower layer 7 adjacent elements exert a pressure on the films, so that they are pressed parallel to the laminating direction 11 to each other. In this case, pressures of more than 50 bar are typically used.
- the T-shaped recess is not completely filled by material of the middle layer 5 as well as material of the overlying layer 4 and underlying layer 6 so that a homogeneous card body in the region of the recess results. Rather, a hollow-relief-like structure 8 remains, which results from the fact that parts of the material of the overlying layer 4 and / or the underlying layer 6 are virtually drawn into the recess 9.
- the originally T-shaped contour 12 of the recess 9 washed out is still discernible as a blurred or washed-out contour 13. This is in Fig. 1c indicated by a dashed representation of the washed-out contour 13.
- an opaque layer here the layers 4 and 6, between the recess 9 and the upper side 15 and / or the lower side 16.
- These opaque layers 4 and 6 may be printed, for example.
- an interference ink for example, at least in the region covering the T-shaped recess 9.
- An interference color is an optically variable feature that can be used as a security feature.
- the hollow-relief-like structure 8 is made well visible not only under grazing viewing angle.
- the hollow-relief-like structure produces a characteristic appearance and / or a characteristic color spectrum at a fixed viewing angle. Changing the viewing angle usually changes the appearance and the color spectrum.
- Fig. 2a to 2c schematically the production of a further composite security document 1 'is shown schematically.
- a layer formed as a film 5 ' a plurality of recesses 17 are introduced, which form a pattern.
- the recesses 17 may preferably be punched.
- any other methods, such as laser processing methods, may be used to insert the recesses 17 into the film.
- the recesses do not have to completely penetrate the film, ie represent through openings.
- the recesses are formed as openings of the films.
- the layer 5 ' is then layered over films 7 and 6 formed as films.
- Over layer 5 'further layers 4 and 3 formed as films are layered.
- the films are preferably stacked under vacuum conditions so that the recesses 17 are evacuated.
- the layers 3, 4, 5 ', 6, 7 are fused into a monolithic document body 2' in a high-pressure, high-temperature lamination process.
- a variation of an extent of the individual recesses 17 in the layer 5 'and over a distance of the recesses 17, an optical impression can be varied. This makes it possible to produce gray scale-like watermark-like overall structures which consist of individual hollow-relief-type structures 8 '.
- FIG. 3a to 3c schematically shows the production of a further composite security document 1 "In this embodiment, recesses are introduced in two layers 5" and 5 '", which are formed as apertures, which are again preferably punched in.
- the layers 5" and 5'"become Subsequently, the layers 5 "and 5"'are arranged so that some of the recesses 18 of the layer 5 "are arranged over recesses 19 of the layer 5"'. and a recess 21 in the layer 5 '"are not arranged one above the other, resulting in a layer stack 10 recesses of different dimensions along the layering direction 11.
- the layering is again preferably under vacuum conditions, so that the resulting recesses, which partially consist of two recesses 18, 19 are formed, are empty and each up and down by one over it / underlying, preferably opaque, layer 6, 4 are completed.
- the individual layers 3, 4, 5 ", 5"', 6, 7 are fused to form a document body 2 "of the composite security document 1".
- hollow-relief-like structures 23 and 25 which consist of the recess 20 in layer 5 "and the recess 21 in layer 5"
- an opaque layer as here the layers. 4 and 6 are included, which are printed, for example, with an optically variable security feature, such as an interference color.
- the hollow-relief-like structures are formed so that tactilely perceptible depressions form on an upper side 15 and / or lower side 16, they can in one embodiment be filled with a substance producing a contrast.
- a substance producing a contrast For example, pastes or gels may be incorporated in these recesses, which include soot particles, metal particles, etc.
- contrast formation in different wavelength ranges can be achieved.
- the patterns introduced into the layers 5 'or 5 "and 5"' are varied so that individualized card bodies are produced. For example, information about the extent of the recess along the direction of layering before the lamination process can be encoded.
- both transparent and translucent hollow-relief-like structures can be formed in a document body.
- the described embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments.
- the individual described features of the various described embodiments may be combined in any combination for realizing the invention.
- the described composite security document may be a complete security document. In other embodiments, for example, it may be included in a "higher level" security document, such as a passbook.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Verbundsicherheitsdokumente und Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Verbundsicherheitsdokumente, die einen Dokumentkörper umfassen, wobei der Dokumentkörper ein aus mehreren Schichten hergestellter monolithischer Laminatkörper ist.The invention relates to composite security documents and to methods for producing such composite security documents which comprise a document body, wherein the document body is a monolithic laminate body produced from a plurality of layers.
In solche Verbundsicherheitsdokumente können eine Vielzahl von Sicherheitsmerkmalen eingearbeitet werden, so dass diese als Identifikationsdokumente, z.B. Personalausweise, Führerscheine, aber auch bei Reisepässen, sowie weiteren Dokumenten zum Einsatz kommen, bei denen auf eine hohe Fätschungssicherheit Wert gelegt wird.In such composite security documents, a variety of security features may be incorporated so that they can be used as identification documents, e.g. Identity cards, driving licenses, but also in passports, and other documents are used in which value is attached to a high fätschungssicherheit.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Sicherheitsdokumente auf Papierbasis bekannt, bei denen eines der Sicherheitsmerkmale ein so genanntes Wasserzeichen ist. Wasserzeichen werden durch Strukturen hergestellt, welche sich in einem Sieb befinden, mit welchem der Papierbrei aus dem Wasser geschöpft wird. An Stellen, an denen das Sieb erhaben ist, sammeln sich weniger Fasern als an jenen Stellen, an welchen das Sieb Vertiefungen aufweist. Dort sammeln sich mehr Fasern. An den Stellen, an denen sich weniger Fasern befinden, ist das Papier durchsichtiger als an jenen Stellen, an denen sich mehr Fasern gesammelt haben. Im Durchlicht ist das Wasserzeichen ohne technische Hilfsmittel auch für einen Laien gut zu erkennen. Moderne Papiermühlen sind in der Lage, Muster, Schriftzeichen und andere grafische Darstellungen in unterschiedlichen Grautönen darzustellen. Hierdurch ist eine Simulation eines Wasserzeichens, z.B. durch eine ölige Substanz, nahezu ausgeschlossen. Papierdokumente weisen jedoch andere Nachteile im Hinblick auf ihre Fälschungssicherheit auf, so dass moderne Sicherheitsdokumente fast ausschließlich kunststoffbasierte Dokumente sind, bei denen mehrere Schichten in einem Laminationsprozess zu einem monolithischen Block verschmolzen werden. Ein solcher Dokumentkörper wird auch als Kartenkörper bezeichnet, da die Sicherheitsdokumente in der Regel quer zu einer Schichtungsrichtung der einzelnen Schichten oder Folien, die aufeinander laminiert werden, eine größere Ausdehnung als entlang der Schichtungsrichtung aufweisen, so dass die sich ergebenden Verbundsicherheitsdokumente eine Kartenform aufweisen.From the prior art, paper-based security documents are known in which one of the security features is a so-called watermark. Watermarks are made by structures that are located in a sieve, with which the pulp is scooped out of the water. At locations where the screen is raised, fewer fibers accumulate than at those locations where the screen has recesses. There are more fibers collecting. At the points where there are fewer fibers, the paper is more transparent than at those points where more fibers have collected. In transmitted light, the watermark without technical aids is also easy to recognize for a layman. Modern paper mills are able to display patterns, characters and other graphic representations in different shades of gray. As a result, a simulation of a watermark, eg by an oily substance, almost impossible. However, paper documents have other disadvantages with regard to their security against counterfeiting, so that modern security documents are almost exclusively plastic-based documents in which several layers are fused into a monolithic block in a lamination process. Such a document body is also referred to as a card body, since the security documents are generally transverse to a direction of layering of the individual Layers or foils that are laminated to one another have a greater extent than along the lamination direction, so that the resulting composite security documents have a card shape.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind somit kunststoffbasierte Dokumente bekannt, wie sie beispielsweise für Kredit- und Geldkarten, vermehrt jedoch auch als Identifikationsdokumente, z.B. bei Personalausweisen und Führerscheinen usw., Verwendung finden. Eines der besonders geeigneten Herstellungsverfahren für solche kunststoffbasierten Dokumente ist ein Laminationsverfahren eines Schichten- oder Stapelaufbaus, bei dem einzelne übereinander geschichtete Schichten, beispielsweise Kunststofffolien, über ihre Glastemperatur erwärmt werden und über eine längere Zeit einem hohen Druck ausgesetzt werden, um die einzelnen Schichten zu dem monolithischen Kartenkörper zu verschmelzen. Für diese Verbundsicherheitsdokumente sind keine Verfahren bekannt, ein einem Wasserzeichen vergleichbares Sicherheitsmerkmal in die Karten einzuarbeiten.Thus, plastic-based documents are known from the prior art, as they are used, for example, for credit and debit cards, but also as identification documents, e.g. for identity cards and driving licenses, etc., find use. One of the most suitable manufacturing methods for such plastic-based documents is a lamination method of a layer or stack construction in which individual layers stacked on top of each other, such as plastic films, are heated above their glass transition temperature and subjected to high pressure for a long time to form the individual layers monolithic card body to merge. For these composite security documents, no methods are known to incorporate a watermark comparable security feature in the cards.
Zwar ist es bekannt, Prägeplatten zu verwenden, die in die äußeren Schichten Strukturen einprägen, beispielsweise Linsenstrukturen, um eine winkelabhängige Darstellung zu erzeugen, wie sie beispielsweise in der
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt daher die technische Aufgabe zugrunde, Verbundsicherheitsdokumente, die einen Dokumentkörper, der ein aus mehreren Schichten hergestellter monolithischer Laminatkörper ist, mit einem wasserzeichenartigen Sicherheitsmerkmal umfassen, und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung zu schaffen, die die oben beschriebenen Nachteile beseitigen und insbesondere eine Individualisierung der Verbundsicherheitselemente auf einfachere Weise ermöglichen.The invention is therefore based on the technical object of composite security documents, which is a document body, which is a monolithic laminate body produced from several layers, with a Watermark-like security feature include, and to provide a method for its production, which eliminate the disadvantages described above and in particular allow individualization of the composite security elements in a simpler manner.
Die technische Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Gegenstand mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 9 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The technical problem is solved by an object with the features of
Die Erfindung beruht auf dem Gedanken, im Innern des Verbundsicherheitsdokuments hohl-reliefartige Strukturen zu schaffen. Hierzu ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, in dem Schichten- oder Stapelaufbau vor dem Laminieren einen oder mehrere leere Hohlräume zu schaffen. Diese Hohlräume können durch Aussparungen in dem zu laminierenden Material der Schichten erzeugt werden. Als leere Aussparung oder leerer Hohlraum wird ein solcher angesehen, der im Stapelaufbau kein zu laminierendes Material oder ein anderes Material aufweist und vollständig von zu laminierendem Kunststoffmaterial umgeben ist. Die sich aus der leeren Aussparung beim Laminieren ergebende Struktur wird als Hohlreliefartige Struktur bezeichnet. Das in dem Verbundsicherheitsdokument gebildete Sicherheitsmerkmal wird als hohl-reliefartige Struktur bezeichnet. Es wird somit ein Verbundsicherheitsdokument mit innerer hohl-reliefartiger Struktur, umfassend einen Dokumentkörper, vorgeschlagen, wobei der Dokumentkörper ein aus mehreren Schichten hergestellter monolithischer Laminatkörper ist, wobei der Dokumentkörper mindestens eine hohl-reliefartige Struktur umfasst, die in einem Hochtemperatur-Hochdruck-Laminierverfahren, aus einer zu einer Ober- und Unterseite bezogen, auf eine Schichtungsrichtung der Schichten abgeschlossenen, in mindestens einer der Schichten vor dem Laminierprozess ausgebildeten leeren Aussparung gebildet ist. Ferner wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundsicherheitsdokuments mit einem Dokumentkörper vorgeschlagen, welches folgende Schritte umfasst: Bereitstellen von mehreren Schichten, Anordnen der mehreren Schichten übereinander und Laminieren der mehreren übereinander angeordneten Schichten in einem Hochtemperatur-Hochdruck-Laminierverfahren zu einem monolithischen Kartenkörper, wobei in mindestens eine der mehreren Schichten mindestens eine Aussparung eingebracht wird und die mehreren Schichten so angeordnet werden, dass die mindestens eine Aussparung zu einer Ober- und einer Unterseite der übereinander angeordneten Schichten abgeschlossen ist und das Volumen der Aussparung leer ist und die leere Aussparung bevorzugt evakuiert wird und das Laminieren so ausgeführt wird, dass sich eine hohl-reliefartige Struktur in dem Kartenkörper ausbildet. Hierbei wird die neue Erkenntnis ausgenutzt, dass sich auch oberhalb der Glastemperatur der Kunststoffe, auf die die Schichten in dem Hochtemperatur-Hochdruck-Laminierverfahren erwärmt werden, in einem Viskositätsbereich gehalten werden können, der zwar eine vollständige Verschmelzung der übereinander angeordneten Schichten bewirkt, jedoch andererseits dazu führt, dass die leeren Aussparungen und Hohlräume nicht so vollständig durch Material der Schichten aufgefüllt werden, dass die Konturen der Aussparung vollständig verschwinden. Die Kunststoffe sind auch oberhalb der Glastemperatur und bei hohen Drücken nicht in der Lage, die Aussparung nivellierend mit Material auszufüllen, wie man es bei einer Flüssigkeit niedriger Viskosität erwarten würde. Die Aussparung ist daher mit verlaufenden Konturen leicht abgesenkt zu erkennen. Eine solche wasserzeichenartige Struktur ist zwar in Durchsicht gar nicht oder nur schwer zu erkennen, jedoch im streifenden Einfall, insbesondere in Reflexion, ist eine solche wasserzeichenartige innere hohl- reliefartige Struktur gut zu erkennen. Eine solche Struktur weist, da sie im Innern des Dokumentkörpers ausgebildet ist, eine hohe Fälschungssicherheit auf.The invention is based on the idea of creating hollow relief-like structures inside the composite security document. For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention to create one or more empty cavities in the layer or stack structure prior to lamination. These cavities can be created by recesses in the material to be laminated of the layers. As an empty recess or empty cavity, one is considered which has no material to be laminated or another material in the stack construction and is completely surrounded by plastic material to be laminated. The resulting from the empty recess during lamination structure is referred to as a hollow relief-like structure. The security feature formed in the composite security document is referred to as a hollow-relief-type structure. Thus, there is proposed a composite security document having an internal hollow relief-like structure comprising a document body, the document body being a monolithic laminate body made of several layers, the document body comprising at least one hollow-relief-like structure used in a high-temperature, high-pressure lamination process, from an upper and lower side, formed on a layering direction of the layers, formed in at least one of the layers before the lamination process empty recess is formed. Furthermore, a method for producing a composite security document with a document body is proposed, which comprises the following steps: providing a plurality of layers, arranging the plurality of layers one above the other, and laminating the plurality on top of one another arranged layers in a high-temperature high-pressure lamination process to a monolithic card body, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers at least one recess is introduced and the plurality of layers are arranged so that the at least one recess to a top and a bottom of the superimposed layers is completed and the volume of the recess is empty and the empty recess is preferably evacuated and the lamination is carried out so that a hollow-relief-like structure is formed in the card body. Here, the new knowledge is exploited that above the glass transition temperature of the plastics to which the layers are heated in the high-temperature high-pressure lamination process, can be kept in a viscosity range, which causes a complete fusion of the superimposed layers, but on the other hand The result is that the empty recesses and cavities are not filled so completely by material of the layers that the contours of the recess completely disappear. The plastics are also above the glass transition temperature and at high pressures unable to fill the recess leveling with material, as would be expected for a low viscosity liquid. The recess can therefore be seen slightly lowered with running contours. Although such a watermark-like structure is not at all or only with difficulty recognizable, it is easy to recognize such a watermark-like inner hollow relief-like structure in grazing incidence, in particular in reflection. Such a structure, since it is formed in the interior of the document body, has a high security against counterfeiting.
Aussparungen können durch Vertiefungen, d.h. Ausnehmungen, die die jeweilige Schicht nicht vollständig durchbrechen, gebildet sein. Ferner können Aussparungen durch Durchbrechungen gebildet sein oder werden, die eine Schicht vollständig durchdringen und eine Durchgangsöffnung in dieser Schicht bilden bzw. darstellen. Durchbrechungen können auf unterschiedliche Arten hergestellt werden. Aussparungen können auch durch eine Kombination von Durchbrechungen und Vertiefungen in unterschiedlichen Schichten gebildet sein oder werden.Recesses can be formed by depressions, ie recesses which do not completely break through the respective layer. Furthermore, recesses may be formed by apertures that completely penetrate a layer and form a passage opening in this layer or represent. Breakthroughs can be made in different ways. Recesses may also be formed by a combination of perforations and depressions in different layers or be.
Besonders bevorzugt ist die Aussparung in mindestens einer vor dem Laminieren innen liegenden Schicht ausgebildet. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass die innere hohlreliefartige Struktur von einer der Oberflächen aus betrachtet tief in den Dokumentkörper hineinragt.Particularly preferably, the recess is formed in at least one layer lying in front of the lamination. This ensures that the inner hollow relief-like structure protrudes deep into the document body viewed from one of the surfaces.
Besonders bevorzugt ist die in der innen liegenden Schicht ausgebildete Aussparung mittels einer Durchbrechung ausgebildet oder umfasst eine mindestens eine Schicht vollständig durchbrechende bzw. durchdringende Durchbrechung, d.h. eine Durchgangsöffnung durch die Schicht. Bei einer Ausführungsform umfasst die mindestens eine Aussparung mindestens eine Durchbrechung durch mindestens eine bei der Schichtung innen liegenden Schicht. Die mindestens eine Aussparung wird bei einer solchen Ausführungsform gebildet, indem in mindestens eine der Schichten, die eine innen liegende Schicht wird oder ist, eine die jeweilige Schicht vollständig durchdringende Durchbrechung eingebracht wird.Particularly preferably, the recess formed in the inner layer is formed by means of an opening or comprises an opening which penetrates completely through at least one layer, ie. a passage opening through the layer. In one embodiment, the at least one recess comprises at least one opening through at least one layer lying inside during the stratification. The at least one recess is formed in such an embodiment by introducing into at least one of the layers, which becomes or is an inner layer, an aperture which completely penetrates the respective layer.
Um jedoch gleichzeitig ein taktiles Sicherheitsmerkmal zu schaffen, ist bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die hohl-reliefartige Struktur eine an einer der Oberflächen wahrnehmbare Vertiefung umfasst. Eine solche an der Oberfläche wahrnehmbare Vertiefung lässt sich auch bei Herstellungsverfahren erreichen, bei denen die Aussparung vor dem Laminieren lediglich in innen liegenden Schichten, d.h. nicht in der Schicht ausgebildet ist, die an einer Oberfläche des Dokumentkörpers angeordnet ist. Der Vorteil einer solchen Ausführungsform liegt darin, dass die hohl-reliefartige Struktur nicht nur optisch, sondern auch taktil wahrnehmbar ist.However, in order to simultaneously provide a tactile security feature, it is provided in one embodiment of the invention that the hollow-relief-like structure comprises a recess perceptible on one of the surfaces. Such a surface-perceptible recess can also be achieved in manufacturing processes in which the recess prior to lamination is deposited only in internal layers, i. is not formed in the layer disposed on a surface of the document body. The advantage of such an embodiment is that the hollow-relief-like structure is perceived not only visually, but also tactile.
Auch Teile eines Materials, aus dem die Schichten oberhalb und/oder unterhalb der Aussparung (bezogen auf die Schichtungsrichtung) gebildet sind, werden zusätzlich zu dem Material der Schichten; in der sich die Aussparung befindet, verwendet, um die Aussparung aufzufüllen. Insbesondere im Bereich der Ränder der Aussparungen treten somit in oberhalb oder unterhalb angeordneten Schichten "Konturänderungen" auf.Also, parts of a material from which the layers are formed above and / or below the recess (with respect to the layering direction), in addition to the material of the layers; in which the recess is located, used to fill the recess. In particular in the region of the edges of the recesses, "contour changes" thus occur in layers arranged above or below.
Um die hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen besonders einfach optisch wahrnehmbar auszugestalten, ist bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass in einem Bereich der mindestens einen hohl-reliefartigen Struktur ein optisch variables Sicherheitsmerkmal eingearbeitet ist, insbesondere indem eine mit einer Interferenzfarbe in einem die hohl-reliefartige Struktur überdeckenden Bereich bedruckte Schicht zwischen der ursprünglichen Aussparung und der Außenseite des Dokumentkörpers eingearbeitet ist. Unter einem optisch variablen Sicherheitsmerkmal wird jedes Sicherheitsmerkmal verstanden, das in Abhängigkeit von einer Betrachtungsrichtung einen unterschiedlichen Eindruck hervorruft. Eine Interferenzfarbe ändert beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von dem Betrachtungswinkel ihre wahrgenommene Farbe. Ist beispielsweise eine über der Aussparung angeordnete Schicht mit einer Interferenzfarbe in einem Bereich bedruckt, der die Aussparung vollständig überdeckt, so führen die durch das Auffüllen der Aussparung auftretenden Konturänderungen in dieser Schicht dazu, dass im Bereich des Rands der ursprünglichen Aussparung unterschiedliche Einfallswinkel bzw. Reflexionswinkel der mit Interferenzfarbe bedruckten Schicht auftreten. Somit ist das Sicherheitsmerkmal nicht nur bei einer streifenden Betrachtung des Dokuments gut zu erkennen. Im Bereich der hohl-reliefartigen Struktur treten somit unterschiedliche Farben auf, ohne dass ein Betrachtungswinkel des Dokuments verändert werden muss. Somit ist eine Verifizierung der hohl-reliefartigen Struktur stark vereinfacht. Vorzugsweise wird das optisch variable Sicherheitsmerkmal ebenfalls in einer innen liegenden Schicht eingearbeitet, so dass eine Verfälschungssicherheit und ein Schutz gegen Verschleiß erhöht sind.In order to make the hollow-relief-like structures visually perceptible in a particularly simple manner, it is provided in a preferred embodiment that an optically variable security feature is incorporated in a region of the at least one hollow-relief-like structure, in particular by a structure with an interference color in a hollow relief-like structure overlapping area printed layer is incorporated between the original recess and the outside of the document body. An optically variable security feature is understood to be any security feature that produces a different impression as a function of a viewing direction. For example, an interference color changes its perceived color depending on the viewing angle. If, for example, a layer arranged above the recess is printed with an interference color in a region which completely covers the recess, the contour changes occurring in this layer due to the filling of the recess result in different angles of incidence or angles of reflection in the region of the edge of the original recess the printed with interference color layer occur. Thus, the security feature is not only visible in a grainy viewing of the document. In the area of the hollow relief-like structure, therefore, different colors appear without the need to change a viewing angle of the document. Thus, a verification of the hollow-relief-like structure is greatly simplified. Preferably, the optically variable security feature is also incorporated in an inner layer, so that a tamper resistance and protection against wear are increased.
Um "graustufenartige" wasserzeichenartige Strukturen im Innern des Dokumentkörpers zu erzeugen, ist bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass die mindestens eine hohl-reliefartige Struktur abgesehen von einer Randkontur Bereiche unterschiedlicher Materialstärke bezogen auf die Schichtungsrichtung aufweist. Dies bedeutet, dass die Aussparung in unterschiedlichen Bereichen, die keine Randbereiche der Aussparung sind, d.h., nicht solche Bereiche sind, die eine Kontur der Aussparung in Draufsicht angeben, unterschiedliche Stärken, bezogen auf eine Schichtungsrichtung der einzelnen aufeinander laminierten Schichten aufweist. Eine optische Wahrnehmbarkeit wird dadurch gesteigert, dass über oder unter der Aussparung eine opake Schicht, die beispielsweise bedruckt sein kann, angeordnet ist. D.h., vorzugsweise ist vor dem Laminieren eine opake Schicht oder zumindest ein Teil einer opaken Schicht zwischen der Aussparung und einer Oberfläche des Schichtenstapels angeordnet.In order to produce "grayscale" watermark-like structures in the interior of the document body, it is provided in a preferred embodiment that the at least one hollow-relief-like structure has regions of different material thickness with respect to the direction of the layering, apart from an edge contour. This means that the recess in different areas, which are not edge regions of the recess, ie, are not regions that indicate a contour of the recess in plan view, different thicknesses, with respect to a direction of lamination of the individual comprising layers laminated together. An optical perceptibility is increased by the fact that above or below the recess, an opaque layer, which may be printed, for example, is arranged. That is, preferably, before the lamination, an opaque layer or at least a part of an opaque layer is disposed between the recess and a surface of the layer stack.
Eine graustufenartige wasserzeichenartige Struktur lässt sich in einem Dokumentkörper auch einbringen, wenn der Dokumentkörper mindestens eine weitere aufgrund einer weiteren in mindestens einer der, vorzugsweise innen liegenden, Schichten vor dem Laminieren befindlichen Aussparung gebildete hohlreliefartige Struktur ausgebildet ist, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer geometrischen Ausgestaltung, insbesondere ihrer Ausdehnung, bezogen auf die Schichtungsrichtung, von der mindestens einen hohl-reliefartigen Struktur unterscheidet.A grayscale watermark-like structure can also be introduced into a document body if the document body is formed at least one further hollow-relief-like structure formed by at least one of the preferably inwardly located layers before lamination, which has a geometrical configuration, in particular their extent, with respect to the layering direction, of the at least one hollow-relief-like structure distinguishes.
Durch das Vorsehen mehrerer getrennt voneinander ausgebildeter hohl-reliefartiger Strukturen ist es möglich, ein Muster, beispielsweise ein pixeliertes Muster, in den Dokumentkörper einzuarbeiten. Die Vielzahl von hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen, die in einem Muster angeordnet sind, weisen vorzugsweise unterschiedliche Ausdehnungen entlang der Schichtungsrichtung auf. Je größer die Ausdehnung entlang der Schichtungsrichtung ist, desto stärker können die zu einer Oberfläche des Dokumentkörpers hin angeordneten Schichten im Bereich der Aussparung beim Laminieren beeinflusst und verändert werden. Die Vielzahl der hohl-reliefartigen Schichten führen vorzugsweise zu unterschiedlichen Materialstärken des Kartendokuments an den unterschiedlichen hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen. Es versteht sich jedoch, dass mehrere der Vielzahl von hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen jeweils dieselbe Ausdehnung entlang der Schichtungsrichtung aufweisen oder zu derselben Materialstärke des Dokumentkörpers in dem Bereich der jeweiligen hohl-reliefartigen Struktur führen. Dies bedeutet, dass die Vielzahl von hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen mittels einer Vielzahl von Aussparungen erzeugt ist, die bezogen auf eine Schichtungsrichtung eine unterschiedliche Ausdehnung aufweisen. Je größer die Ausdehnung der Aussparung bezogen auf die Schichtungsrichtung ist, desto geringer ist die Materialstärke im Bereich der sich bildenden hohl-reliefartigen Struktur.By providing a plurality of hollow relief-like structures formed separately from one another, it is possible to incorporate a pattern, for example a pixelated pattern, in the document body. The plurality of hollow-relief-like structures arranged in a pattern preferably have different dimensions along the direction of the lamination. The greater the extent along the direction of the layering, the more the layers arranged toward a surface of the document body can be influenced and changed in the region of the recess during lamination. The plurality of hollow-relief-like layers preferably lead to different thicknesses of the card document at the different hollow relief-like structures. However, it is understood that several of the plurality of hollow relief-like structures each have the same extent along the direction of the lamination or lead to the same thickness of the document body in the region of the respective hollow-relief-like structure. This means that the multiplicity of hollow-relief-type structures are produced by means of a multiplicity of recesses, which have a different extent with respect to a laminating direction. The larger the extent of the recess with respect to the direction of the layering, the more the material thickness in the region of the forming hollow-relief-like structure is lower.
Besonders einfach lassen sich die Aussparungen dadurch erzeugen, dass in innen liegende Schichten Ausstanzungen eingebracht werden. Ausstanzungen sind besonders einfach herzustellende Durchbrüche. Der Vorteil der Verwendung von Ausstanzungen liegt darin, dass diese auf einfache Weise eingebracht werden können und eine Vielzahl von Ausstanzungen zum Erzeugen eines Musters in einer Schicht eingebracht werden kann. Eine Variation des Musters ist einfach möglich. Hierdurch ist es auch möglich, individualisierte Dokumentkörper herzustellen, in die beispielsweise eine Dokumentkörpernummer über eine Binärcodierung, die mittels hohl-reliefartiger Strukturen ausgebildet ist, eingebracht wird.The recesses can be produced in a particularly simple manner by punching out internal layers. Punches are particularly easy to make breakthroughs. The advantage of using punched-outs is that they can be easily introduced and a plurality of punch-outs can be made to produce a pattern in a layer. A variation of the pattern is easily possible. As a result, it is also possible to produce individualized document bodies in which, for example, a document body number is introduced via a binary coding which is formed by means of hollow relief-like structures.
Um Aussparungen unterschiedlicher Ausdehnung bezogen auf eine Schichtungsrichtung zu erzeugen, ist bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass die mindestens eine Aussparung und/oder die mindestens eine weitere Aussparung durch übereinander angeordnete Ausstanzungen mehrerer innen liegender Schichten gebildet sind. Vorteilhafterweise ist somit vorgesehen, dass die mindestens eine Aussparung und die mindestens eine weitere Aussparung ausgestanzt werden und in mindestens eine weitere Schicht zusätzliche Aussparungen eingebracht werden und die mindestens eine Schicht und die mindestens eine weitere Schicht beim Schichten als innere Schichten so angeordnet werden, dass bezogen auf die Schichtungsrichtung unterschiedlich viele Aussparungen und/oder unterschiedlich tiefe Aussparungen übereinander angeordnet werden, so dass sich unterschiedliche hohl-reliefartige Strukturen aus der mindestens einen Aussparung und der mindestens einen weiteren Aussparung bilden. Je größer die Ausdehnung der Aussparung bei gleicher Randkontur, d.h. Ausdehnung und Form quer zur Schichtungsrichtung, ist, desto größer werden die Verformungen der darüber und/oder darunter angeordneten Schichten beim Laminieren im Bereich der vormals existierenden Aussparung. Graustufen lassen sich bei einem gestanzten Muster beispielsweise dadurch erzeugen, dass in mehrere der Schichten Aussparungen gestanzt werden, so dass beim Übereinanderschichten der mehreren gestanzten Schichten als innere Schichten an unterschiedlichen Stellen unterschiedlich viele Ausstanzungen übereinander angeordnet werden. Hierdurch bilden sich unterschiedliche hohl-reliefartige Strukturen in dem Dokumentkörper. Ferner können die hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen in unterschiedlichen Strukturen, d.h. in unterschiedlichen Ebenen senkrecht zur Schichtungsebene, in dem Dokumentenkörper ausgebildet sein. Ebenso können auch auf andere Weise hergestellte Durchbrechungen analog zu Ausstanzungen verwendet werden, um Aussparungen unterschiedlicher Tiefe in einem Schichtenstapel vor dem Laminieren zu erzeugen.In order to produce recesses of different extent with respect to a layering direction, it is provided in a preferred embodiment that the at least one recess and / or the at least one further recess are formed by superimposed punches of a plurality of inner layers. Advantageously, it is thus provided that the at least one recess and the at least one further recess are punched out and additional recesses are introduced into at least one further layer and the at least one layer and the at least one further layer are arranged as inner layers during the layering in such a way that they are covered On the layering direction different numbers of recesses and / or different deep recesses are arranged one above the other, so that form different hollow-relief-like structures of the at least one recess and the at least one further recess. The greater the extent of the recess with the same edge contour, ie extent and shape transverse to the layering direction, the greater the deformations of the layers arranged above and / or below during lamination in the area of the formerly existing recess. Grayscale can be generated in a punched pattern, for example, by punching in several of the layers recesses, so that when stacking the plurality of punched layers as inner layers at different locations different numbers of punched holes are stacked. As a result, different hollow relief-like structures form in the document body. Furthermore, the hollow-relief-like structures in different structures, ie in different planes perpendicular to the layer plane, may be formed in the document body. Likewise, apertures made in a similar manner to apertures may be used to create recesses of varying depth in a stack of layers prior to lamination.
Aussparungen können in die Schichten nicht nur durch Ausstanzungen eingebracht werden, sondern es können vielmehr auch alle anderen Techniken verwendet werden, die eine Schichtdickenmodulation bewirken können. Diese umfassen vorzugsweise neben dem Stanzen ein Gravieren, unterschiedliche Laserbearbeitungstechniken usw.Recesses can be introduced into the layers not only by punching, but also all other techniques can be used, which can effect a layer thickness modulation. These preferably include, in addition to punching, engraving, different laser processing techniques, etc.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass mittels der hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen beugende Oberflächenstrukturen an mindestens einer Oberfläche des Dokumentkörpers erzeugt werden. Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform ist es, dass einfache Ausstanzungen verwendet werden können, um beugende Oberflächenstrukturen zu erzeugen. Aufwendig hergestellte Druckplatten oder Prägeplatten, wie sie im Stand der Technik verwendet werden, werden hierfür nicht benötigt.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that diffractive surface structures are produced on at least one surface of the document body by means of the hollow-relief-like structures. Advantage of this embodiment is that simple punched can be used to produce diffractive surface structures. Elaborate printing plates or stamping plates, as used in the prior art, are not required for this purpose.
Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass sich aufgrund der hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen an einer der Oberflächen bildende Vertiefungen durch ein Kontrast erzeugendes Material ausgefüllt werden. Hierbei kann es sich um eine Farbe oder Paste handeln, welche beispielsweise metallische Partikel, Ruß oder Ähnliches umfasst. Eine solche Ausführungsform ist in der Lage, auch im Durchlicht einen Kontrast zu erzeugen. Durch die Wahl des ausfüllenden Materials kann festgelegt werden, ob ein Kontrast im sichtbaren Bereich, UV-Bereich oder im infraroten Wellenlängenbereich gebildet wird. Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn sowohl im sichtbaren als auch im infraroten Wellenlängenbereich ein Kontrast gegenüber dem übrigen Dokumentkörpermaterial erzeugt wird, so dass sowohl eine einfache optische Gegenlichtprüfung als auch eine maschinelle Prüfung im infraroten Wellenlängenbereich erfolgen kann. Besonders bevorzugt wird somit ein Überdruck des Dokumentkörpers mit einer im infraroten Wellenlängenbereich transparenten Farbe.In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that due to the hollow-relief-like structures on one of the surfaces forming depressions are filled by a contrast-generating material. This may be a paint or paste comprising, for example, metallic particles, carbon black or the like. Such an embodiment is able to produce a contrast even in transmitted light. By choosing the filling material, it can be determined whether a contrast in the visible range, UV range or in the infrared wavelength range is formed. It is particularly preferred if In contrast to the rest of the document body material, a contrast is produced both in the visible and in the infrared wavelength range, so that both a simple optical backlight test and a machine test in the infrared wavelength range can take place. Thus, an overprint of the document body with a transparent color in the infrared wavelength range is particularly preferred.
Die Merkmale des erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahrens weisen dieselben Vorteile wie die entsprechenden Merkmale des erfindungsgemäßen Verbundsicherheitsdokuments auf.The features of the manufacturing method according to the invention have the same advantages as the corresponding features of the composite security document according to the invention.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:
- Fig. 1a - 1c
- einen Ablauf zur Herstellung eines Dokumentkörpers mit einer hohl-reliefartigen Struktur;
- Fig. 2a - 2c
- schematisch einen Ablauf zur Herstellung eines Verbundsicherheitsdokuments mit einem Dokumentkörper, der ein Muster von hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen zum Ausbilden einer wasserzeichenartigen Gesamtstruktur umfasst; und
- Fig. 3a - 3c
- schematische Darstellungen eines weiteren Verbundsicherheitsdokuments mit einer Graustufen nachahmenden wasserzeichenartigen Gesamtstruktur aus mehreren hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen.
- Fig. 1a - 1c
- a process for producing a document body having a hollow-relief-like structure;
- Fig. 2a - 2c
- schematically illustrates a process for producing a composite security document having a document body comprising a pattern of hollow relief-like structures for forming a watermark-like overall structure; and
- Fig. 3a - 3c
- schematic representations of another composite security document with a grayscale mimicking watermark-like structure of several hollow relief-like structures.
In
Zur Herstellung der hohl-reliefartigen Struktur 8 wird zunächst in eine Schicht 5, welches vorzugsweise eine Kunststofffolie ist, eine Aussparung eingearbeitet. Im dargestellten Beispiel wird eine T-förmige Aussparung 9 über eine Durchbrechung eingebracht, die vorzugsweise mittels einer Stanzung hergestellt ist. Bei der Kunststofffolie handelt es sich vorzugsweise um eine Folie mit einer Stärke ≤ 100 µm, bevorzugt ≤ 50 µm und besonders bevorzugt ≤ 35 µm. Wie in
Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich herausgestellt, zwischen die Aussparung 9 und die Oberseite 15 und/oder die Unterseite 16 eine opake Schicht, hier die Schichten 4 und 6, anzuordnen. Diese opaken Schichten 4 und 6 können beispielsweise bedruckt sein. Hierdurch wird die Erkennbarkeit der innen liegenden hohl-reliefartigen Struktur gesteigert. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich herausgestellt, diesen Schichten 4, 6 beispielsweise zumindest im Bereich, der die T-förmige Aussparung 9 überdeckt, mit einer Interferenzfarbe zu bedrucken. Eine Interferenzfarbe ist ein optisch variables Merkmal, welches als Sicherheitsmerkmal eingesetzt werden kann. Durch die bei der Absenkung von Material der über der Aussparung 9 angeordneten Schicht 4, welche mit der Interferenzfarbe bedruckt ist, kommt es zu einer Verformung dieser Schicht 4, so dass insbesondere im Bereich der verschwommenen Kontur 13 "Krümmungen" der bedruckten Schicht auftreten. Hierdurch wird die hohl-reliefartige Struktur 8 nicht nur unter streifendem Betrachtungswinkel gut sichtbar gemacht. Die hohl-reliefartige Struktur erzeugt bei einem festen Betrachtungswinkel eine charakteristische Erscheinung und/oder ein charakteristisches Farbspektrum. Ändert man den Betrachtungswinkel, so ändert sich in der Regel die Erscheinung und das Farbspektrum.It has proven to be particularly advantageous to arrange an opaque layer, here the
In
Die Schicht 5' wird anschließend über als Folien ausgebildete Schichten 7 und 6 geschichtet. Über die Schicht 5' werden weitere als Folien ausgebildete Schichten 4 und 3 geschichtet. Wie bei der Ausführungsform nach
In
Sind die hohl-reliefartigen Strukturen so ausgebildet, dass sich taktil wahrnehmbare Vertiefungen an einer Oberseite 15 und/oder Unterseite 16 bilden, so können diese bei einer Ausführungsform mit einer einen Kontrast erzeugenden Substanz ausgefüllt werden. Beispielsweise können Pasten oder Gele in diese Vertiefungen eingebracht werden, die Rußpartikel, Metallteilchen usw. umfassen. Hierdurch kann eine Kontrastbildung in unterschiedlichen Wellenlängenbereichen erreicht werden. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform können ähnlich zu den Ausführungsformen nach
Die Ausstanzung bzw. das Einbringen von Durchbrüchen kann auch in der opaken Schicht erfolgen, so dass das Sicherheitsmerkmal im Durchlicht zu betrachten ist. Hierbei können entweder alle opaken Schichten Aussparungen aufweisen, so dass sich hohl-reliefartige Strukturen in Form transparenter Durchsichtfenster ergeben, oder nur einzelne opake Schichten Aussparungen vor dem Laminieren aufweisen. Im zweiten Fall ergeben sich transluzente hohl-reliefartige Strukturen. Es ergibt sich für den Fachmann, dass in weiteren Ausführungsformen sowohl transparente als auch transluzente hohl-reliefartige Strukturen in einem Dokumentkörper ausgebildet sein können.The punching or the introduction of breakthroughs can also be done in the opaque layer, so that the security feature is to be considered in transmitted light. In this case, either all the opaque layers can have recesses, resulting in hollow relief-like structures in the form of transparent transparent windows, or only individual opaque layers having recesses prior to lamination. In the second case, translucent hollow relief-like structures result. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that in other embodiments, both transparent and translucent hollow-relief-like structures can be formed in a document body.
Die beschriebenen Ausführungsformen stellen lediglich beispielhafte Ausführungsformen dar. Die einzelnen beschriebenen Merkmale der verschiedenen beschriebenen Ausführungsformen können in beliebiger Kombination zur Verwirklichung der Erfindung miteinander kombiniert werden. Das beschriebene Verbundsicherheitsdokument kann ein vollständiges Sicherheitsdokument sein. In anderen Ausführungsformen kann es beispielsweise in ein "übergeordnetes" Sicherheitsdokument, beispielsweise ein Passbuch, eingefügt sein.The described embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments. The individual described features of the various described embodiments may be combined in any combination for realizing the invention. The described composite security document may be a complete security document. In other embodiments, for example, it may be included in a "higher level" security document, such as a passbook.
- 1, 1', 1"1, 1 ', 1 "
- VerbundsicherheitsdokumentLaminated safety document
- 2, 2', 2"2, 2 ', 2 "
- Dokumentkörperdocument body
- 3, 4, 5, 5', 5", 5"', 6, 73, 4, 5, 5 ', 5 ", 5"', 6, 7
- Schichtenlayers
- 8, 8'8, 8 '
- hohl-reliefartige Strukturhollow-relief-like structure
- 99
- Aussparungrecess
- 1010
- Schichtenstapellayer stack
- 1111
- Schichtungsrichtunglayering direction
- 1212
- Konturcontour
- 1313
- verschwommene Konturblurred contour
- 1414
- Oberflächesurface
- 1515
- Oberseitetop
- 1616
- Unterseitebottom
- 17, 18, 19, 20, 2117, 18, 19, 20, 21
- Aussparungenrecesses
- 23, 24, 2523, 24, 25
- hohl-reliefartige Strukturenhollow-relief-like structures
Claims (15)
- Composite security document (1, 1', 1") with a hollow relief structure (8, 8', 23, 24, 25), comprising a document body (2, 2', 2"), wherein the document body (2, 2', 2") is a monolithic laminate body formed from a plurality of layers (3-7),
characterised in that
the document body (2, 2', 2") comprises at least one hollow relief structure (8, 8', 23, 24, 25), which is formed in a high-pressure high-temperature lamination process from an empty recess (9; 17; 18-21) formed before the laminating process in at least one of the layers (3-7) enclosed to an upper and lower side (15, 16) related to a layering direction (11) of the layers (3-7). - Composite security document (1, 1', 1 ") according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one recess (9; 17; 18-21) is formed in at least one layer (5, 5', 5", 5"') lying in the interior in the layering.
- Composite security document (1, 1', 1") according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the hollow relief structure (8, 8'; 23, 24, 25) comprises an indentation which is perceptible on one of the surfaces (14).
- Composite security document (1, 1', 1") according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that in an area of the at least one hollow relief structure (8, 8'; 23, 24, 25) an optically variable security feature is integrated, in particular in that a layer printed with an interference ink in an area covering the hollow relief structure (8, 8'; 23, 24, 25) is integrated between the original recess (9; 17; 18-21) and the surface (14) of the document body (2).
- Composite security document (1, 1', 1") according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the at least one hollow relief structure (8, 8'; 23, 24, 25), apart from an edge contour (13), exhibits areas of different extension related to the layering direction (11).
- Composite security document (1, 1', 1") according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that at least one further hollow relief structure (8, 8'; 23, 24, 25) is formed in the document body (2) on the basis of a further empty recess located in at least one of the preferably interior located layers (5, 5', 5", 5"') before the lamination, said structure differing in respect of its geometrical design, in particular its extension in relation to the layering direction (11), from the at least one hollow relief structure (8'; 24).
- Composite security document (1, 1', 1") according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the at least one hollow relief structure (8, 8'; 24) formed from the at least one recess (9, 17, 18, 19) comprises mirror-image indentation on the opposite side of the document body (2).
- Composite security document (1, 1', 1") according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the at least one recess (9; 17; 18-21) comprises at least one break through in at least one layer (5, 5', 5", 5"') located inside the layering.
- Method for producing a composite security document (1 1', 1 ") with a document body (2), comprising the following steps:Preparation of a plurality of layers (3-7);Arrangement of the plurality of layers (3-7) above one another;Lamination of the plurality of layers (3-7) arranged above another in a high-pressure high-temperature laminating process to form a monolithic document body (2), characterised in thatat least one recess (9; 17; 18-21) is introduced into at least one of the plurality of layers (3-7), and the plurality of layers (3-7) are arranged in such a way that the at least one recess (9; 17; 18-21) is enclosed to an upper and a lower side (15, 16) of the layers (3-7) arranged above one another, and the volume of the recess (9; 17; 18-21) is empty, and the at least one empty recess (9; 17; 18-21) is evacuated, and the lamination is carried out in such a way that a hollow relief structure (8, 8'; 23, 24, 25) is formed in the document body (2).
- Method according to claim 9, characterised in that a layer (4, 6), arranged between the at least one layer (5, 5', 5", 5"') provided with at least one recess (9; 17; 18-21) and a surface (14), comprises an optically variable security feature in an area covering the recess (9; 15; 18-21), and is in particular printed with an interference ink.
- Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the at least one recess exhibits areas of different depths related to the layering direction (11).
- Method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that, in the at least layer (5', 5", 5"') provided with the at least one recess (19), at least one further recess is formed before the lamination, which differs from the at least one recess in respect of its geometrical arrangement, in particular its depth related to the layering direction (11).
- Method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterised in that the at least one recess (18) and the at least one further recess (20) are punched out of the at least one layer (5") and that additional recesses (19, 24) are introduced into at least one further layer (5"'), and the at least one further layer (5"') is arranged during the layering as inner layers, that, related to the layering direction (11), a differing plurality of recesses (18-21) and/or recesses of differing extension are arranged above one another, such that different hollow relief structures (23, 24, 25) are formed in the document body (2).
- Method according to claim 13, characterised in that the at least one hollow relief structure (8) is designed in such a way that at least one tactile perceptible indentation is formed at the surface (14), and the at least one perceptible indentation is filled with a contrast-forming material.
- Method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterised in that, in the at least one recess (9; 17; 18-21) is formed in that a break through is introduced into at least one of the interior located layers (5, 5', 5", 5"') which completely penetrates the respective layer (5, 5', 5", 5"').
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DE102007037982A DE102007037982A1 (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2007-08-10 | Security document with watermarked structure |
PCT/EP2008/006696 WO2009021738A1 (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2008-08-08 | Security document having watermark-like structure |
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EP2178707A1 EP2178707A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
EP2178707B1 true EP2178707B1 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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EP3286012B1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2019-03-20 | Giesecke+Devrient Mobile Security GmbH | Multilayer security element |
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EP2332738B1 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2012-07-04 | Agfa-Gevaert | Security document with security feature on edge |
PL2335938T3 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2013-07-31 | Agfa Gevaert | Laser markable security film |
ES2400741T3 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2013-04-11 | Agfa-Gevaert | Laser Marking Safety Film |
DE102011004935A1 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2012-09-06 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Composite body and method of making a composite having an internal security feature |
DE102011117239A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method and device for examining a sheet or card-shaped value document with a security feature having one or more cavities |
DE102012204340A1 (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-09-19 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Security document with a perforation window and method for its production |
DE102012215741A1 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-27 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Composite body with internal lens array |
WO2015042586A1 (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-26 | Morphotrust Usa, Llc | Unidirectional opacity watermark |
DE102013019948A1 (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-16 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method of producing a watermark |
FR3013872B1 (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2017-03-24 | Oberthur Technologies | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN RELIEF RELATED CARD |
DE102013021964A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security document and method for producing a security document |
DE102013021965A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security document and method for producing a security document |
US10479128B2 (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-11-19 | Assa Abloy Ab | Security feature |
DE102018106430B4 (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2021-08-12 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Security element with micro- or nano-structuring |
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DE3231460A1 (en) * | 1982-08-24 | 1984-03-01 | GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH, 8000 München | ID CARD WITH CHECKABLE CHARACTERISTICS |
CA2238384C (en) * | 1995-11-28 | 2007-01-16 | Electrowatt Technology Innovation Ag | Optical information carrier |
DE19934434B4 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2006-10-05 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Value and security certificate with microchannels |
DE19949945A1 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2001-08-30 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Data carriers with authenticity features and manufacturing processes therefor |
DE10036505A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2003-08-14 | Orga Kartensysteme Gmbh | Optically effective structure for personalizing cards and. Like., And methods for their production |
DE102004022080A1 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2005-11-24 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Value document with visually recognizable markings |
DE102004061635A1 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-07-06 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Card-shaped data carrier |
DE102005028162A1 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-12-28 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element for protecting valuable objects, e.g. documents, includes focusing components for enlarging views of microscopic structures as one of two authenication features |
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2008
- 2008-08-08 EP EP08801587.0A patent/EP2178707B1/en active Active
- 2008-08-08 WO PCT/EP2008/006696 patent/WO2009021738A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3286012B1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2019-03-20 | Giesecke+Devrient Mobile Security GmbH | Multilayer security element |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2178707A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
DE102007037982A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
WO2009021738A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
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