EP2174080A1 - Cooling system - Google Patents

Cooling system

Info

Publication number
EP2174080A1
EP2174080A1 EP08758232A EP08758232A EP2174080A1 EP 2174080 A1 EP2174080 A1 EP 2174080A1 EP 08758232 A EP08758232 A EP 08758232A EP 08758232 A EP08758232 A EP 08758232A EP 2174080 A1 EP2174080 A1 EP 2174080A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnet
cooling system
main valve
valve element
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08758232A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2174080B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Birkelund
Hans Kurt Petersen
Sune Prytz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Danfoss AS
Original Assignee
Danfoss AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danfoss AS filed Critical Danfoss AS
Publication of EP2174080A1 publication Critical patent/EP2174080A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2174080B1 publication Critical patent/EP2174080B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F25B41/42—Arrangements for diverging or converging flows, e.g. branch lines or junctions
    • F25B41/48—Arrangements for diverging or converging flows, e.g. branch lines or junctions for flow path resistance control on the downstream side of the diverging point, e.g. by an orifice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2511—Evaporator distribution valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooling system with a refrigerant circuit, which has a plurality of evaporator sections and a distributor causing a distribution of refrigerant, wherein the distributor has a housing and for each evaporator section a controllable valve.
  • Such a cooling system is known for example from DE 19547 744 A1.
  • This cooling system has a single compressor and a single condenser, but two separate evaporators.
  • the supplied by the compressor refrigerant flow is divided after the condenser and in front of the Expansiosorganen means of a 3/2-way valve in two sub-streams, the position of the 3/2-way valve is controlled by a control unit. With such a design, it is difficult to supply more than two evaporator sections.
  • US 5 832 744 shows another cooling system in which the distributor between a refrigerant inlet and a plurality of refrigerant outlets has a valve, which is followed by a rotating turbine disk.
  • the turbine disk should ensure that the refrigerant is evenly distributed to all outlets of the distributor and thus evenly to all evaporators.
  • the refrigerant may not be completely evaporated before it has passed through the evaporator.
  • Another evaporator which is connected to the same evaporator, can not receive enough refrigerant so that the evaporator can not achieve the desired refrigeration capacity.
  • the over- or undersupply of the evaporator can lead to difficulties especially if temperature sensors, which are arranged at the evaporators or other locations of the cooling system, control an expansion valve.
  • the expansion valve can be vibrated under unfavorable circumstances, which further deteriorates the capacity and the effectiveness of the cooling system.
  • the invention has for its object to achieve a simple operation of a predetermined operation of the cooling system.
  • cooling system includes cooling systems, freezer systems, air conditioning systems and heat pumps, ie all systems in which a refrigerant is circulated or circulated.
  • refrigeration plant is used for convenience only.
  • the evaporator sections can be arranged in different evaporators. The invention will be explained for the sake of simplicity in the context of multiple evaporators. However, the invention is also applicable when an evaporator has a plurality of individual or groupwise controllable evaporator sections.
  • the distributor has a controllable valve for each evaporator, then it can individually control the supply of the evaporators, i. H. it is then possible to supply each evaporator with the amount of refrigerant it needs. There is no need to worry about the evaporators all having the same flow resistance. It is also of secondary importance if the evaporators have to deliver different cooling capacities. An evaporator, which requires a larger cooling capacity, gets correspondingly more refrigerant than an evaporator, which has to provide less cooling capacity.
  • the control of the valves takes place in a simple manner by a magnet arrangement having at least one magnet. A magnet exerts magnetic forces on valves or parts thereof when the magnet is near the valve and is active.
  • the magnet moves away from the valve or is passive, such as a solenoid being shut off, it will no longer exert any force on that valve or any part of it. It is thus possible by controlling the position and / or the function of the magnet to ensure that a specific valve is opened, but other valves remain closed.
  • the magnet arrangement preferably has a rotor which carries at least one magnet. Since the magnet is arranged on the rotor, it is displaced by a rotary movement of the rotor from one valve to another. The rotational movement of the rotor can be controlled by a control device. The control device thus ultimately ensures the distribution of the refrigerant to the individual evaporator.
  • the magnet arrangement has at least one magnet designed as an electromagnet. In this case you can turn the magnet on and off.
  • the magnet acts through a closed wall of the housing. This has the advantage of being responsible for the operation of the
  • Valves need no opening through which, for example, a plunger or the like must engage. If no corresponding opening is present, the problem of a possible leak does not arise.
  • the only requirement for such a configuration is that the wall does not hinder the action of the magnet. For example, a plastic allows a magnetic field to pass through almost undisturbed. The same applies to many non-magnetic metals.
  • the magnet is guided in a circumferential groove.
  • the circumferential groove thus defines a circular path in which the magnet can move.
  • the circumferential groove ensures that the magnet always retains the correct assignment to the valves in the radial direction.
  • the valve is designed as a pilot-operated valve.
  • the forces that a magnet can apply depend, among other things, on the size of the magnet.
  • the size of the magnet in turn is determined by the size of the distributor. As a rule, one does not want to make the distributor too big. Accordingly, the forces which the magnet can exert are limited.
  • the magnet When using a pilot-operated valve, the magnet only has to act on an auxiliary element, which then uses an auxiliary energy, for example the pressure of the refrigerant, to actuate a main valve element.
  • the valve has an auxiliary valve element movable by the magnet and a main valve element which cooperates with a main valve seat and limits a pressure chamber with its side facing away from the main valve seat, wherein the auxiliary valve element has a passage from the pressure chamber to one with a Evaporator line connected output unlocks or locks.
  • the auxiliary valve member When the auxiliary valve member is displaced by the magnet, the passage is released, so that the pressure in the pressure chamber drops. The decreasing pressure may then be used to lift the main valve member from the main valve seat. The main valve The valve then remains lifted off the valve seat until the auxiliary valve element blocks the passage again. Then, namely, the pressure in the pressure chamber can again build up so far that the main valve element is moved back to the main valve seat.
  • the auxiliary valve element locks the passage when the magnet is further rotated, so that it can no longer influence the corresponding auxiliary valve element.
  • a throttle path extends parallel to the main valve element from an inlet of the distributor to the pressure chamber.
  • refrigerant can pass from the inlet into the pressure chamber.
  • the then prevailing in the pressure chamber pressure ensures that the main valve element so long applied to the main valve seat, as the auxiliary valve element has not yet released the passage. Only when the auxiliary valve element releases the passage, the pressure in the pressure chamber decreases so far that the main valve element can open. In fact, not enough refrigerant can flow in through the throttle path to produce the pressure required to close the valve when the passage is cleared.
  • the throttle path extends between the main valve element and a guide for the main valve element. This can be used not only the pressure difference across the main valve element to lift the main valve element from the main valve seat.
  • the throttle path may in this case be formed simply by a small clearance between the main valve element and the guide. Of course you can also in the peripheral wall of the main valve element or in the inner wall of the guide Arrange one or more corresponding grooves to form the throttle path.
  • a first pressure drop across the throttle path is greater than a second pressure drop between the pressure chamber and the output.
  • the auxiliary valve element cooperates with a closing spring.
  • the closing spring does not have to apply great forces. You only need to be able to bring the auxiliary valve element to an auxiliary valve seat to the plant. If the manifold is mounted so that the auxiliary valve member comes to rest against the auxiliary valve seat under the force of gravity, then a recoil spring may be dispensable. With the closing spring but you have the advantage that you can choose the mounting position largely free.
  • the magnet arrangement has a controllable magnet, with which a plurality of valves can be controlled simultaneously.
  • a controllable magnet can be designed, for example, as an electromagnet, that is to say as a magnet coil, which can be supplied with electric current in order to activate the magnet. When the power is turned off, the magnet will no longer be effective. If you arrange a magnet so that it can control several or even all valves of the distributor at the same time, then you can open all the valves at the start of the cooling system to quickly lower the temperature in the cooling system. After a suitable filling of the evaporator sections is the controllable Magnet switched off and taken over the further control, for example by means of the rotor.
  • each valve has its own controllable magnet.
  • a magnet can also be designed as an electromagnet.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the valves can be controlled independently of each other, that is, in a more or less arbitrary order. Again, you can open all the valves when you start the cooling system simultaneously.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a cooling system with several evaporators
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a distributor
  • FIG. 3 shows a section III-III of FIG. 2
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a cooling system 1, in which a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a collector 4, a manifold 5 and an evaporator assembly 6 with a plurality of evaporators arranged in parallel 7a-7d are connected together in a circuit.
  • the evaporator assembly 6 may also include a single evaporator having a plurality of Evaporator lines, which are to be controlled individually or in groups.
  • liquid refrigerant vaporizes in the evaporator 7a-7d is compressed by the compressor 2, liquefied in the condenser 3 and collected in the collector 4.
  • the distributor 5 is intended to distribute the liquid refrigerant to the individual evaporators 7a-7d.
  • a temperature sensor 8a-8d is arranged at the output of each evaporator 7a-7d.
  • the temperature sensor 8a-8d detects the temperature of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator 7a-7d. This temperature information is forwarded to a control unit 9, which controls the distributor 55 as a function of the temperature signals of the temperature sensors 8a-8d.
  • FIGS. 2 to 6 now show the distributor 5 with further details.
  • the manifold 5 has a housing 10 having an inlet 11 and a plurality of outlets 12, each outlet 12 being connected to an evaporator section 7a-7d.
  • the signals from the temperature sensors 8a-8d are supplied to the distributor 5 via electrical lines 13.
  • the housing 10 of the distributor 5 is, as can be seen in FIG. 3, provided with an insert 14, which is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the insert 14 has a motor 15, on the drive shaft 16, a rotor 17 is attached. When the motor rotates the drive shaft 16, the rotor 17 is pivoted about an axis of rotation 18 o.
  • the rotor 17 is here designed as an arm which is connected to the drive shaft 16.
  • the motor 15 may be formed, for example, as a stepper motor.
  • the rotor At its end remote from the drive shaft 16, the rotor carries a magnet 19, which is guided during a rotation of the rotor 17 in a circumferential groove 20.
  • the encircling groove 20 is formed in a cover wall 21, which seals a part of the interior 22 of the housing 10 which is adjacent to the outlets 12.
  • the motor 15 may be pressed, for example, in the housing 10, if no other means are used to hold the motor 15 rotatably in the housing 10.
  • the magnet 19 is expediently designed as a permanent magnet. But you can also form the magnet 19 as an electromagnet, which can be switched on and off, so to speak.
  • an insert housing 23 On the side facing away from the motor 15 of the lid wall 21, an insert housing 23 is arranged, which is covered on its side facing away from the top wall 21 with a bottom plate 24. In the bottom plate 24, an outlet 25 is provided for each outlet 12.
  • the insert housing 23 defines, together with the bottom plate 24, an inlet chamber 26 for refrigerant.
  • the inlet 11 is shown schematically here in order to facilitate understanding.
  • Each outlet 25 forms on its side facing the cover wall 21 a main valve seat 27.
  • a main valve element 28 cooperates.
  • the main valve element 28 delimits a pressure chamber 29 together with a guide 30 which surrounds the main valve element 28 in the circumferential direction.
  • the main valve member 28 is guided with a small clearance in the guide 30, so that there is a throttle line 31 through which refrigerant from the inlet chamber 26 can flow into the pressure chamber 29, even if the main valve element 28 rests against the main valve seat 27 ,
  • an auxiliary channel 32 leads into an auxiliary chamber 33, in which an auxiliary valve element 34 is arranged.
  • the auxiliary valve element 34 is positioned by the force of a closing spring 35, which may be relatively weak, so that it closes the auxiliary channel 32. Refrigerant that has entered the pressure chamber 29, so can not flow out of the pressure chamber 29 in the illustrated, closed position of the auxiliary valve member 35.
  • the refrigerant flowing through the throttle section 31 from the inlet chamber 26 into the pressure chamber 29 then generates a pressure difference across the main valve element 28 which is sufficient to lift the main valve element 28 away from the main valve seat 27.
  • the full pressure of the refrigerant from the inlet chamber 26 in the opening direction acts on the main valve element 28, so that it is held in the open position.
  • the main valve element 28 passes Refrigerant via the corresponding outlet 25 in the output 12 and then in the associated evaporator section 7a-7d.
  • the closing spring 35 presses the auxiliary valve 34 back into the illustrated closed position, so that the auxiliary channel 32 is closed. Since refrigerant still enters the pressure chamber 29 through the throttle section 31, but this can no longer be completed by the auxiliary channel 32 and the auxiliary channel sections 36, 37, a pressure builds up in the pressure chamber 29, causing the main valve element 28 to rest again the main valve seat 27 brings.
  • the main valve element 28, the valve seat 27 and the auxiliary valve element 34 thus form essential parts of a valve 38, wherein for each outlet 25 and thus for each evaporator section 7a-7d provided a separate valve and each valve 38 is individually controlled.
  • the amount of refrigerant, which then enters the respective evaporator section 7a-7d, depends on the length of time in which the magnet 19 remains above the respective auxiliary valve element 34. With one revolution of the drive shaft 16 so that each valve 38 is opened once. If you want to prevent under certain circumstances, that a valve 38 is opened, then the direction of rotation of the drive shaft 16 is reversed before reaching the respective valve 38 or the magnet is very fast driven over the corresponding auxiliary valve member 34 addition. When using an electromagnet can turn off the magnet 19 when a valve 38 is run over, which should not be opened.
  • the throttle section 31 which can also be referred to as a throttle path, has a flow resistance which is greater than the flow resistance of the auxiliary channel 32 and the auxiliary channel sections 36, 37. Accordingly, no pressure can build up in the pressure chamber 29 as long as the auxiliary valve element 34 the auxiliary channel 32 releases. It is shown that the control device 9 is arranged separately from the distributor 5. But it is also possible to summarize the control device 9 with the manifold 5 structurally.
  • an additional solenoid may be arranged so that their magnetic field can act on all auxiliary valve elements 34 simultaneously. In this case, all valves 38 are opened simultaneously. This is advantageous when starting the cooling system 1 in order to reduce the temperature quickly.
  • the coil is switched off and the rotor turns the magnet 19 to the various auxiliary elements 34.
  • the effect of such an electromagnet is limited to a few or more valves 38.
  • each valve 38 instead of a rotor, which transports the magnet 19 from one valve 38 to the next, for each valve 38 provide its own electromagnet, which then opens the valve 38 individually. All electromagnets are then connected to the control device 9, which controls the control of the valves 38.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cooling system having a coolant circuit, which comprises a plurality of evaporator sections and a distributor distributing coolant, wherein the distributor comprises a housing and a controllable valve for each evaporator section. The intent is to achieve a predetermined mode of operation of the cooling system by simple means. To this end, it is provided that the distributor comprises a magnet arrangement controlling the valves.

Description

Kühlanlage refrigeration Equipment
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kühlanlage mit einem Kältemittelkreislauf, der mehrere Verdampferstrecken und einen eine Verteilung von Kältemittel bewirkenden Verteiler aufweist, wobei der Verteiler ein Gehäuse und für jede Verdampferstrecke ein ansteuerbares Ventil aufweist.The invention relates to a cooling system with a refrigerant circuit, which has a plurality of evaporator sections and a distributor causing a distribution of refrigerant, wherein the distributor has a housing and for each evaporator section a controllable valve.
Eine derartige Kühlanlage ist beispielsweise aus DE 19547 744 A1 bekannt. Diese Kühlanlage weist einen einzelnen Verdichter und einen einzelnen Kondensator auf, jedoch zwei voneinander getrennt ausgebildete Verdampfer. Der vom Kompressor geförderte Kältemittelstrom wird nach dem Kondensator und vor den Expansiosorganen mittels eines 3/2- Wegeventils in zwei Teilströme aufgeteilt, wobei die Stellung des 3/2- Wegeventils von einer Reglereinheit gesteuert wird. Mit einer derartigen Ausbildung ist es schwierig, mehr als zwei Verdampferstrecken zu versorgen.Such a cooling system is known for example from DE 19547 744 A1. This cooling system has a single compressor and a single condenser, but two separate evaporators. The supplied by the compressor refrigerant flow is divided after the condenser and in front of the Expansiosorganen means of a 3/2-way valve in two sub-streams, the position of the 3/2-way valve is controlled by a control unit. With such a design, it is difficult to supply more than two evaporator sections.
US 5 832 744 zeigt eine andere Kühlanlage, bei der der Verteiler zwischen einem Kältemitteleinlass und mehreren Kältemittelauslässen ein Ventil aufweist, dem eine rotierende Turbinenscheibe nachgeschaltet ist. Die Turbinenscheibe soll dafür sorgen, dass das Kältemittel gleichmäßig auf alle Ausgänge des Verteilers und damit auch gleichmäßig auf alle Verdampfer verteilt wird. Eine derartige Ausbildung sichert zwar theoretisch eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Kältemittels auf die einzelnen Verdampfer. Bereits kleine Unterschiede in Abmessungen, die sich beispielsweise bei der Herstellung ergeben können, bewirken allerdings, dass das Kältemittel ungleichförmig auf die einzelnen Verdampfer verteilt wird. Darüber hinaus ist es bei derartigen Verteilern erforderlich, dass die einzelnen Verdampfer im Grunde die gleiche thermische Belastung und auch den gleichen Strömungswiderstand haben. Wenn dies nicht der Fall ist, dann kann der Fall auftreten, dass ein Verdampfer zuviel Kältemittel enthält, so dass das Kältemittel nicht vollständig verdampft wird, bevor es durch den Verdampfer hindurchgelaufen ist. Ein anderer Verdampfer, der an den gleichen Verdampfer angeschlossen ist, kann zu wenig Kältemittel erhal- ten, so dass der Verdampfer die gewünschte Kälteleistung nicht erbringen kann. Die Über- bzw. die Unterversorgung der Verdampfer kann vor allem dann zu Schwierigkeiten führen, wenn Temperatursensoren, die an den Verdampfern oder anderen Stellen der Kühlanlage angeordnet sind, ein Expansionsventil steuern. Das Expansionsventil kann unter ungünstigen Umständen in Eigenschwingungen versetzt werden, was die Kapazität und die Effektivität der Kühlanlage weiter verschlechtert.US 5 832 744 shows another cooling system in which the distributor between a refrigerant inlet and a plurality of refrigerant outlets has a valve, which is followed by a rotating turbine disk. The turbine disk should ensure that the refrigerant is evenly distributed to all outlets of the distributor and thus evenly to all evaporators. Although such a design theoretically ensures a uniform distribution of the refrigerant to the individual evaporator. Even small differences in dimensions, which may result, for example, in the production, but cause the refrigerant is distributed unevenly to the individual evaporator. Moreover, in such distributors it is necessary that the individual evaporators have basically the same thermal load and also the same flow resistance. If not, then For example, in the event that an evaporator contains too much refrigerant, the refrigerant may not be completely evaporated before it has passed through the evaporator. Another evaporator, which is connected to the same evaporator, can not receive enough refrigerant so that the evaporator can not achieve the desired refrigeration capacity. The over- or undersupply of the evaporator can lead to difficulties especially if temperature sensors, which are arranged at the evaporators or other locations of the cooling system, control an expansion valve. The expansion valve can be vibrated under unfavorable circumstances, which further deteriorates the capacity and the effectiveness of the cooling system.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, mit einfachen Mitteln einen vorbestimmten Betrieb der Kühlanlage zu erreichen.The invention has for its object to achieve a simple operation of a predetermined operation of the cooling system.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Kühlanlage der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass der Verteiler eine die Ventile ansteuernde Magnetanordnung aufweist.This object is achieved in a cooling system of the type mentioned above in that the distributor has a solenoid arrangement driving the valves.
Wenn im Folgenden von einer "Kühlanlage" die Rede ist, dann ist dieser Begriff weit zu verstehen. Er umfasst insbesondere Kühlsysteme, Gefriersysteme, Klimaanlagen und Wärmepumpen, also alle Anlagen, in denen ein Kältemittel umgewälzt wird oder umläuft. Der Begriff "Kühlanlage" wird lediglich zur Vereinfachung verwendet. Die Verdampferstrecken können in unterschiedlichen Verdampfer angeordnet sein. Die Erfindung wird aus Gründen der Einfachheit im Zusammenhang mit mehreren Verdampfern erläutert. Die Erfindung ist aber auch anwendbar, wenn ein Verdampfer mehrere einzelne oder gruppenweise ansteuerbare Verdampferstrecken aufweist.If the following is a "cooling system", then this term is to be understood. In particular, it includes cooling systems, freezer systems, air conditioning systems and heat pumps, ie all systems in which a refrigerant is circulated or circulated. The term "refrigeration plant" is used for convenience only. The evaporator sections can be arranged in different evaporators. The invention will be explained for the sake of simplicity in the context of multiple evaporators. However, the invention is also applicable when an evaporator has a plurality of individual or groupwise controllable evaporator sections.
Wenn der Verteiler für jeden Verdampfer ein ansteuerbares Ventil aufweist, dann kann er die Versorgung der Verdampfer individuell steuern, d. h. es ist dann möglich, jedem Verdampfer die Menge an Kältemittel zuzuführen, die er benötigt. Man muss keine Rücksicht mehr darauf nehmen, dass die Verdampfer alle den gleichen Strömungswiderstand haben. Auch ist es von untergeordneter Bedeutung, wenn die Verdampfer unterschied- liehe Kälteleistungen abgeben müssen. Ein Verdampfer, bei dem eine größere Kälteleistung erforderlich ist, bekommt entsprechend mehr Kältemittel als ein Verdampfer, der weniger Kälteleistung erbringen muss. Die Ansteuerung der Ventile erfolgt auf einfache Weise durch eine Magnetanordnung, die mindestens einen Magneten aufweist. Ein Magnet übt Mag- netkräfte auf Ventile oder Teile davon aus, wenn sich der Magnet in der Nähe des Ventils befindet und aktiv ist. Wenn sich hingegen der Magnet von dem Ventil entfernt oder er passiv ist, beispielsweise ein abgeschalteter Elektromagnet, dann übt er keine Kräfte mehr auf dieses Ventil oder Teile davon aus. Man kann also durch eine Steuerung der Lage und/oder der Funktion des Magneten dafür sorgen, dass ein bestimmtes Ventil geöffnet wird, andere Ventile aber geschlossen bleiben.If the distributor has a controllable valve for each evaporator, then it can individually control the supply of the evaporators, i. H. it is then possible to supply each evaporator with the amount of refrigerant it needs. There is no need to worry about the evaporators all having the same flow resistance. It is also of secondary importance if the evaporators have to deliver different cooling capacities. An evaporator, which requires a larger cooling capacity, gets correspondingly more refrigerant than an evaporator, which has to provide less cooling capacity. The control of the valves takes place in a simple manner by a magnet arrangement having at least one magnet. A magnet exerts magnetic forces on valves or parts thereof when the magnet is near the valve and is active. If, on the other hand, the magnet moves away from the valve or is passive, such as a solenoid being shut off, it will no longer exert any force on that valve or any part of it. It is thus possible by controlling the position and / or the function of the magnet to ensure that a specific valve is opened, but other valves remain closed.
Vorzugsweise weist die Magnetanordnung einen Rotor auf, der mindestens einen Magneten trägt. Da der Magnet am Rotor angeordnet ist, wird er durch eine Drehbewegung des Rotors von einem Ventil zu einem anderen verlagert. Die Drehbewegung des Rotors lässt sich durch eine Steuereinrichtung ansteuern. Die Steuereinrichtung sorgt also letztendlich für die Verteilung des Kältemittels auf die einzelnen Verdampfer.The magnet arrangement preferably has a rotor which carries at least one magnet. Since the magnet is arranged on the rotor, it is displaced by a rotary movement of the rotor from one valve to another. The rotational movement of the rotor can be controlled by a control device. The control device thus ultimately ensures the distribution of the refrigerant to the individual evaporator.
Auch ist von Vorteil, wenn die Magnetanordnung mindestens einen als Elektromagneten ausgebildeten Magneten aufweist. In diesem Fall kann man den Magneten ein- und ausschalten.It is also advantageous if the magnet arrangement has at least one magnet designed as an electromagnet. In this case you can turn the magnet on and off.
Vorzugsweise wirkt der Magnet durch eine geschlossene Wand des Ge- häuses hindurch. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass man für die Betätigung derPreferably, the magnet acts through a closed wall of the housing. This has the advantage of being responsible for the operation of the
Ventile keine Öffnung benötigt, durch die hindurch beispielsweise ein Stößel oder dergleichen greifen muss. Wenn keine entsprechende Öffnung vorhanden ist, entsteht auch das Problem einer möglichen Undichtigkeit nicht. Die einzige Voraussetzung für eine derartige Ausgestaltung ist, dass die Wand die Wirkung des Magneten nicht behindert. Ein Kunststoff lässt beispielsweise ein Magnetfeld nahezu ungestört hindurch treten. Gleiches gilt für viele nicht magnetische Metalle.Valves need no opening through which, for example, a plunger or the like must engage. If no corresponding opening is present, the problem of a possible leak does not arise. The only requirement for such a configuration is that the wall does not hinder the action of the magnet. For example, a plastic allows a magnetic field to pass through almost undisturbed. The same applies to many non-magnetic metals.
Vorzugsweise ist der Magnet in einer umlaufenden Nut geführt. Die umlaufende Nut definiert also eine Kreisbahn, in der sich der Magnet bewegen kann. Damit reicht es aus, den Magneten in Umlaufrichtung am Rotor fest- zulegen. Die umlaufende Nut sorgt dafür, dass der Magnet in radialer Richtung jeweils die richtige Zuordnung zu den Ventilen behält.Preferably, the magnet is guided in a circumferential groove. The circumferential groove thus defines a circular path in which the magnet can move. Thus, it is sufficient to fix the magnet in the direction of rotation on the rotor. The circumferential groove ensures that the magnet always retains the correct assignment to the valves in the radial direction.
Vorzugsweise ist das Ventil als vorgesteuertes Ventil ausgebildet. Die Kräfte, die ein Magnet aufbringen kann, sind unter anderen von der Größe des Magneten abhängig. Die Größe des Magneten wiederum wird durch die Größe des Verteilers bestimmt. Man möchte in der Regel den Verteiler nicht allzu groß werden lassen. Dementsprechend sind auch die Kräfte, die der Magnet ausüben kann, begrenzt. Wenn man ein vorgesteuertes Ventil verwendet, dann muss der Magnet nur auf ein Hilfselement wirken, dass dann eine Hilfsenergie, beispielsweise den Druck des Kältemittels, verwendet, um ein Hauptventilelement zu betätigen.Preferably, the valve is designed as a pilot-operated valve. The forces that a magnet can apply depend, among other things, on the size of the magnet. The size of the magnet in turn is determined by the size of the distributor. As a rule, one does not want to make the distributor too big. Accordingly, the forces which the magnet can exert are limited. When using a pilot-operated valve, the magnet only has to act on an auxiliary element, which then uses an auxiliary energy, for example the pressure of the refrigerant, to actuate a main valve element.
Hierbei ist bevorzugt, dass das Ventil ein durch den Magneten bewegbares Hilfsventilelement und ein durch Kältemittel bewegbares Hauptventil- element aufweist, das mit einem Hauptventilsitz zusammenwirkt und mit seiner dem Hauptventilsitz abgewandten Seite einen Druckraum begrenzt, wobei das Hilfsventilelement einen Durchgang vom Druckraum zu einem mit einer Verdampferstrecke verbundenen Ausgang freigibt oder sperrt. Wenn das Hilfsventilelement durch den Magneten verlagert wird, dann wird der Durchgang freigegeben, so dass der Druck im Druckraum absinkt. Der absinkende Druck kann dann verwendet werden, um das Hauptventilelement vom Hauptventilsitz abzuheben. Das Hauptventilele- ment bleibt dann so lange abgehoben vom Ventilsitz, bis das Hilfsventil- element den Durchgang wieder sperrt. Dann kann sich nämlich der Druck im Druckraum wieder so weit aufbauen, dass das Hauptventilelement auf den Hauptventilsitz zurückbewegt wird. Das Hilfsventilelement sperrt den Durchgang dann, wenn der Magnet weiter gedreht wird, so dass er das entsprechende Hilfsventilelement nicht mehr beeinflussen kann.In this case, it is preferred that the valve has an auxiliary valve element movable by the magnet and a main valve element which cooperates with a main valve seat and limits a pressure chamber with its side facing away from the main valve seat, wherein the auxiliary valve element has a passage from the pressure chamber to one with a Evaporator line connected output unlocks or locks. When the auxiliary valve member is displaced by the magnet, the passage is released, so that the pressure in the pressure chamber drops. The decreasing pressure may then be used to lift the main valve member from the main valve seat. The main valve The valve then remains lifted off the valve seat until the auxiliary valve element blocks the passage again. Then, namely, the pressure in the pressure chamber can again build up so far that the main valve element is moved back to the main valve seat. The auxiliary valve element locks the passage when the magnet is further rotated, so that it can no longer influence the corresponding auxiliary valve element.
Vorzugsweise verläuft parallel zum Hauptventilelement ein Drosselpfad von einem Einlass des Verteilers zum Druckraum. Durch den Drosselpfad kann Kältemittel vom Einlass in den Druckraum gelangen. Der dann im Druckraum herrschende Druck sorgt dafür, dass das Hauptventilelement so lange am Hauptventilsitz anliegt, wie das Hilfsventilelement den Durchgang noch nicht freigegeben hat. Erst wenn das Hilfsventilelement den Durchgang freigibt, sinkt der Druck im Druckraum so weit, dass das Hauptventilelement öffnen kann. Durch den Drosselpfad kann nämlich nicht genügend Kältemittel nachströmen, um bei freigegebenen Durchgang den zum Schließen des Ventils erforderlichen Druck zu erzeugen.Preferably, a throttle path extends parallel to the main valve element from an inlet of the distributor to the pressure chamber. Through the throttle path, refrigerant can pass from the inlet into the pressure chamber. The then prevailing in the pressure chamber pressure ensures that the main valve element so long applied to the main valve seat, as the auxiliary valve element has not yet released the passage. Only when the auxiliary valve element releases the passage, the pressure in the pressure chamber decreases so far that the main valve element can open. In fact, not enough refrigerant can flow in through the throttle path to produce the pressure required to close the valve when the passage is cleared.
Vorzugsweise verläuft der Drosselpfad zwischen dem Hauptventilelement und einer Führung für das Hauptventilelement. Damit kann man nicht nur die Druckdifferenz über das Hauptventilelement ausnutzen, um das Hauptventilelement vom Hauptventilsitz abzuheben. Man nutzt auch die Strömung des Kältemittels durch den Drosselpfad aus. Das Kältemittel erzeugt dann eine Art "Reibung" am Hauptventilelement, so dass man auch dann das Hauptventilelement vom Hauptventilsitz abheben kann, wenn die Druckangriffsflächen am Hauptventilelement für das Kältemittel eine Bewegung des Hauptventilelements alleine aufgrund einer Druckdifferenz nicht erlauben würde. Der Drosselpfad kann in diesem Fall einfach dadurch gebildet sein, dass zwischen dem Hauptventilelement und der Führung ein kleines Spiel besteht. Natürlich kann man auch in der Um- fangswand des Hauptventilelements oder in der Innenwand der Führung eine oder mehrere entsprechende Nuten anordnen, um den Drosselpfad zu bilden.Preferably, the throttle path extends between the main valve element and a guide for the main valve element. This can be used not only the pressure difference across the main valve element to lift the main valve element from the main valve seat. One also uses the flow of the refrigerant through the throttle path. The refrigerant then creates a kind of "friction" on the main valve element, so that the main valve element can be lifted off the main valve seat even if the pressure application surfaces on the main valve element for the refrigerant would not allow movement of the main valve element solely due to a pressure difference. The throttle path may in this case be formed simply by a small clearance between the main valve element and the guide. Of course you can also in the peripheral wall of the main valve element or in the inner wall of the guide Arrange one or more corresponding grooves to form the throttle path.
Vorzugsweise ist ein erster Druckabfall über den Drosselpfad größer als ein zweiter Druckabfall zwischen dem Druckraum und dem Ausgang. Durch diese Ausgestaltung wird sichergestellt, dass das Hauptventilelement zuverlässig öffnet und auch offen bleibt, so lange das Hilfsventilele- ment den Durchgang frei gibt. Es kann nämlich nicht genügend Kältemittel in den Druckraum einströmen, um das Hauptventilelement wieder zur An- läge an den Hauptventilsitz zu bringen, solange das Hilfsventilelement den Durchgang nicht sperrt.Preferably, a first pressure drop across the throttle path is greater than a second pressure drop between the pressure chamber and the output. This configuration ensures that the main valve element reliably opens and remains open as long as the auxiliary valve element releases the passage. In fact, it is not possible for sufficient refrigerant to flow into the pressure chamber in order to bring the main valve element back into contact with the main valve seat as long as the auxiliary valve element does not block the passage.
Vorzugsweise wirkt das Hilfsventilelement mit einer Schließfeder zusammen. Die Schließfeder muss keine großen Kräfte aufbringen. Sie muss nur in der Lage sein, das Hilfsventilelement an einem Hilfsventilsitz zur Anlage zu bringen. Wenn der Verteiler so montiert ist, dass das Hilfsventilelement unter der Wirkung der Schwerkraft zur Anlage am Hilfsventilsitz kommt, dann ist eine Schließfeder unter Umständen entbehrlich. Mit der Schließfeder hat man aber den Vorteil, dass man die Einbaulage weitgehend frei wählen kann.Preferably, the auxiliary valve element cooperates with a closing spring. The closing spring does not have to apply great forces. You only need to be able to bring the auxiliary valve element to an auxiliary valve seat to the plant. If the manifold is mounted so that the auxiliary valve member comes to rest against the auxiliary valve seat under the force of gravity, then a recoil spring may be dispensable. With the closing spring but you have the advantage that you can choose the mounting position largely free.
Vorzugsweise weist die Magnetanordnung einen steuerbaren Magneten auf, mit dem mehrere Ventile gleichzeitig ansteuerbar sind. Ein steuerbarer Magnet kann beispielsweise als Elektromagnet ausgebildet sein, also als Magnetspule, die mit elektrischem Strom versorgt werden kann, um den Magneten zu aktivieren. Wenn der Strom abgeschaltet wird, dann wird der Magnet nicht mehr wirksam sein. Wenn man einen Magneten so anordnet, dass er mehrere oder sogar alle Ventile des Verteilers gleichzeitig ansteuern kann, dann kann man beim Start der Kühlanlage alle Ventile öffnen, um die Temperatur in der Kühlanlage schnell zu senken. Nach einer geeigneten Befüllung der Verdampferstrecken wird der steuerbare Magnet abgeschaltet und die weitere Steuerung beispielsweise mit Hilfe des Rotors übernommen.Preferably, the magnet arrangement has a controllable magnet, with which a plurality of valves can be controlled simultaneously. A controllable magnet can be designed, for example, as an electromagnet, that is to say as a magnet coil, which can be supplied with electric current in order to activate the magnet. When the power is turned off, the magnet will no longer be effective. If you arrange a magnet so that it can control several or even all valves of the distributor at the same time, then you can open all the valves at the start of the cooling system to quickly lower the temperature in the cooling system. After a suitable filling of the evaporator sections is the controllable Magnet switched off and taken over the further control, for example by means of the rotor.
Auch ist bevorzugt, dass jedem Ventil ein eigener steuerbarer Magnet zu- geordnet ist. Auch ein derartiger Magnet kann als Elektromagnet ausgebildet sein. Diese Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, dass die Ventile unabhängig voneinander angesteuert werden können, also auch in einer mehr oder weniger beliebigen Reihenfolge. Auch hier kann man alle Ventile beim Starten der Kühlanlage gleichzeitig öffnen.It is also preferred that each valve has its own controllable magnet. Such a magnet can also be designed as an electromagnet. This embodiment has the advantage that the valves can be controlled independently of each other, that is, in a more or less arbitrary order. Again, you can open all the valves when you start the cooling system simultaneously.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels in der Zeichnung beschrieben. Hierin zeigt:The invention will be described below with reference to a preferred embodiment in the drawing. Hereby shows:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Kühlanlage mit mehre- ren Verdampfern,1 is a schematic representation of a cooling system with several evaporators,
Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht eines Verteilers,2 is a side view of a distributor,
Fig. 3 einen Schnitt Ill-Ill nach Fig. 2,3 shows a section III-III of FIG. 2,
Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht eines Einsatzes,4 is a side view of an insert,
Fig. 5 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Einsatzes,5 is a perspective view of the insert,
Fig. 6 einen Schnitt Vl-Vl nach Fig. 4.6 shows a section Vl-Vl of Fig. 4th
Fig. 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine Kühlanlage 1 , bei der ein Verdichter 2, ein Kondensator 3, ein Sammler 4, ein Verteiler 5 und eine Verdampferanordnung 6 mit mehreren parallel angeordneten Verdampfern 7a-7d in einen Kreislauf zusammengeschaltet sind. Die Verdampferanordnung 6 kann auch einen einzelnen Verdampfer aufweisen, der mehrere Verdampferstrecken aufweist, die einzeln oder gruppenweise angesteuert werden sollen.Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a cooling system 1, in which a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a collector 4, a manifold 5 and an evaporator assembly 6 with a plurality of evaporators arranged in parallel 7a-7d are connected together in a circuit. The evaporator assembly 6 may also include a single evaporator having a plurality of Evaporator lines, which are to be controlled individually or in groups.
In an sich bekannter Weise verdampft flüssiges Kältemittel in den Ver- 5 dampfem 7a-7d, wird durch den Verdichter 2 komprimiert, im Kondensator 3 verflüssigt und im Sammler 4 gesammelt. Der Verteiler 5 ist dafür vorgesehen, das flüssige Kältemittel auf die einzelnen Verdampfer 7a-7d zu verteilen. 0 Am Ausgang eines jeden Verdampfers 7a-7d ist ein Temperatursensor 8a- 8d angeordnet. Der Temperatursensor 8a-8d ermittelt die Temperatur des den Verdampfer 7a-7d verlassenen Kältemittels. Diese Temperaturinformation wird an eine Steuereinheit 9 weitergeleitet, die in Abhängigkeit von den Temperatursignalen der Temperatursensoren 8a-8d den Verteiler 55 steuert.In a conventional manner, liquid refrigerant vaporizes in the evaporator 7a-7d, is compressed by the compressor 2, liquefied in the condenser 3 and collected in the collector 4. The distributor 5 is intended to distribute the liquid refrigerant to the individual evaporators 7a-7d. 0 At the output of each evaporator 7a-7d, a temperature sensor 8a-8d is arranged. The temperature sensor 8a-8d detects the temperature of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator 7a-7d. This temperature information is forwarded to a control unit 9, which controls the distributor 55 as a function of the temperature signals of the temperature sensors 8a-8d.
Die Fig. 2 bis 6 zeigen nun den Verteiler 5 mit weiteren Einzelheiten.FIGS. 2 to 6 now show the distributor 5 with further details.
Aus Fig. 2 ist zu erkennen, dass der Verteiler 5 ein Gehäuse 10 aufweist o mit einem Einlass 11 und mehreren Auslässen 12, wobei jeder Auslass 12 mit einer Verdampferstrecke 7a-7d verbunden ist. Die Signale von den Temperatursensoren 8a-8d werden über elektrische Leitungen 13 dem Verteiler 5 zugeführt.From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the manifold 5 has a housing 10 having an inlet 11 and a plurality of outlets 12, each outlet 12 being connected to an evaporator section 7a-7d. The signals from the temperature sensors 8a-8d are supplied to the distributor 5 via electrical lines 13.
5 Das Gehäuse 10 des Verteilers 5 ist, wie dies aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich ist, mit einem Einsatz 14 versehen, der in den Figuren 4 bis 6 mit weiteren Einzelheiten dargestellt ist. Der Einsatz 14 weist einen Motor 15 auf, an dessen Antriebswelle 16 ein Rotor 17 befestigt ist. Wenn der Motor die Antriebswelle 16 dreht, dann wird der Rotor 17 um eine Rotationsachse 18 o verschwenkt. Der Rotor 17 ist hier als Arm ausgebildet, der mit der Antriebswelle 16 verbunden ist. Der Motor 15 kann beispielsweise als Schrittmotor ausgebildet sein. An seinem von der Antriebswelle 16 entfernten Ende trägt der Rotor einen Magneten 19, der bei einem Umlauf des Rotors 17 in einer umlaufenden Nut 20 geführt ist. Die umlaufende Nut 20 ist in einer Deckelwand 21 aus- gebildet, die einen den Ausgängen 12 benachbarten Teil des Innenraums 22 des Gehäuses 10 abdichtet. Im Übrigen kann der Motor 15 beispielsweise in das Gehäuse 10 eingepresst sein, wenn man keine anderen Möglichkeiten verwendet, um den Motor 15 drehfest im Gehäuse 10 zu halten.The housing 10 of the distributor 5 is, as can be seen in FIG. 3, provided with an insert 14, which is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 4 to 6. The insert 14 has a motor 15, on the drive shaft 16, a rotor 17 is attached. When the motor rotates the drive shaft 16, the rotor 17 is pivoted about an axis of rotation 18 o. The rotor 17 is here designed as an arm which is connected to the drive shaft 16. The motor 15 may be formed, for example, as a stepper motor. At its end remote from the drive shaft 16, the rotor carries a magnet 19, which is guided during a rotation of the rotor 17 in a circumferential groove 20. The encircling groove 20 is formed in a cover wall 21, which seals a part of the interior 22 of the housing 10 which is adjacent to the outlets 12. Incidentally, the motor 15 may be pressed, for example, in the housing 10, if no other means are used to hold the motor 15 rotatably in the housing 10.
In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist der Magnet 19 zweckmäßigerweise als Permanentmagnet ausgebildet. Man kann den Magneten 19 aber auch als Elektromagneten ausbilden, der sozusagen an- und abgeschaltet werden kann.In the illustrated embodiment, the magnet 19 is expediently designed as a permanent magnet. But you can also form the magnet 19 as an electromagnet, which can be switched on and off, so to speak.
Auf der dem Motor 15 abgewandten Seite der Deckelwand 21 ist ein Einsatzgehäuse 23 angeordnet, das auf seiner der Deckelwand 21 abgewandten Seite mit einer Bodenplatte 24 abgedeckt ist. In der Bodenplatte 24 ist für jeden Ausgang 12 ein Auslass 25 vorgesehen.On the side facing away from the motor 15 of the lid wall 21, an insert housing 23 is arranged, which is covered on its side facing away from the top wall 21 with a bottom plate 24. In the bottom plate 24, an outlet 25 is provided for each outlet 12.
Das Einsatzgehäuse 23 begrenzt zusammen mit der Bodenplatte 24 eine Einlasskammer 26 für Kältemittel. Der Einlass 11 ist hier schematisch eingezeichnet, um das Verständnis zu erleichtern.The insert housing 23 defines, together with the bottom plate 24, an inlet chamber 26 for refrigerant. The inlet 11 is shown schematically here in order to facilitate understanding.
Jeder Auslass 25 bildet an seiner der Deckelwand 21 zugewandten Seite einen Hauptventilsitz 27. Mit jedem Hauptventilsitz 27 wirkt ein Hauptventilelement 28 zusammen. Auf der dem Ventilsitz 27 abgewandten Seite begrenzt das Hauptventilelement 28 einen Druckraum 29 und zwar zusammen mit einer Führung 30, die das Hauptventilelement 28 in Umfangs- richtung umgibt. Das Hauptventilelement 28 ist allerdings mit einem kleinen Spiel in der Führung 30 geführt, so dass sich eine Drosselstrecke 31 ergibt, durch die Kältemittel aus der Einlasskammer 26 in den Druckraum 29 strömen kann, und zwar auch dann, wenn das Hauptventilelement 28 am Hauptventilsitz 27 anliegt.Each outlet 25 forms on its side facing the cover wall 21 a main valve seat 27. With each main valve seat 27, a main valve element 28 cooperates. On the side facing away from the valve seat 27, the main valve element 28 delimits a pressure chamber 29 together with a guide 30 which surrounds the main valve element 28 in the circumferential direction. However, the main valve member 28 is guided with a small clearance in the guide 30, so that there is a throttle line 31 through which refrigerant from the inlet chamber 26 can flow into the pressure chamber 29, even if the main valve element 28 rests against the main valve seat 27 ,
Aus dem Druckraum 29 führt ein Hilfskanal 32 in eine Hilfskammer 33, in der ein Hilfsventilelement 34 angeordnet ist. Das Hilfsventilelement 34 wird durch die Kraft einer Schließfeder 35, die relativ schwach ausgebildet sein kann, so positioniert, dass es den Hilfskanal 32 verschließt. Kältemittel, das in den Druckraum 29 gelangt ist, kann also in der dargestellten, geschlossenen Position des Hilfsventilelements 35 nicht aus dem Druckraum 29 abfließen.From the pressure chamber 29, an auxiliary channel 32 leads into an auxiliary chamber 33, in which an auxiliary valve element 34 is arranged. The auxiliary valve element 34 is positioned by the force of a closing spring 35, which may be relatively weak, so that it closes the auxiliary channel 32. Refrigerant that has entered the pressure chamber 29, so can not flow out of the pressure chamber 29 in the illustrated, closed position of the auxiliary valve member 35.
Wenn allerdings der Magnet 19 über dem Hilfsventilelement 34 positioniert wird, dann zieht der Magnet 19 das Hilfsventilelement 34 gegen die Kraft der Schließfeder 35 an, so dass der Hilfskanal 32 freigegeben wird und eine Verbindung zwischen dem Druckraum 29 und der Hilfskammer 33 entsteht. Das Kältemittel, das zuvor im Druckraum 29 eingeschlossen war, kann dann in die Hilfskammer 33 strömen und von dort durch weitereHowever, if the magnet 19 is positioned over the auxiliary valve member 34, then the magnet 19 pulls on the auxiliary valve member 34 against the force of the closing spring 35, so that the auxiliary channel 32 is released and a connection between the pressure chamber 29 and the auxiliary chamber 33 is formed. The refrigerant, which was previously enclosed in the pressure chamber 29, can then flow into the auxiliary chamber 33 and from there through more
Hilfskanalabschnitte 36, 37 bis zum Ausgang 25. Dadurch sinkt der Druck in der Druckkammer 29.Auxiliary duct sections 36, 37 to the output 25. As a result, the pressure in the pressure chamber 29 decreases.
Das durch die Drosselstrecke 31 aus der Einlasskammer 26 in den Druck- räum 29 nachströmende Kältemittel erzeugt dann eine Druckdifferenz über das Hauptventilelement 28, die ausreicht, um das Hauptventilelement 28 vom Hauptventiisitz 27 abzuheben. Sobald das Hauptventilelement 28 vom Hauptventilsitz 27 abgehoben ist, wirkt der volle Druck des Kältemittels aus der Einlasskammer 26 in Öffnungsrichtung auf das Hauptventil- element 28, so dass es in der Öffnungsstellung gehalten wird. Solange das Hauptventilelement 28 vom Hauptventilsitz 27 abgehoben ist, gelangt Kältemittel über den entsprechenden Auslass 25 in den Ausgang 12 und dann in die zugeordnete Verdampferstrecke 7a-7d.The refrigerant flowing through the throttle section 31 from the inlet chamber 26 into the pressure chamber 29 then generates a pressure difference across the main valve element 28 which is sufficient to lift the main valve element 28 away from the main valve seat 27. As soon as the main valve element 28 is lifted off the main valve seat 27, the full pressure of the refrigerant from the inlet chamber 26 in the opening direction acts on the main valve element 28, so that it is held in the open position. As long as the main valve element 28 is lifted from the main valve seat 27, passes Refrigerant via the corresponding outlet 25 in the output 12 and then in the associated evaporator section 7a-7d.
Wenn der Magnet 19 weiter gedreht wird, so dass er nicht mehr auf das Hilfsventilelement 34 wirkt, dann drückt die Schließfeder 35 das Hilfsventil 34 wieder in die dargestellte Schließposition zurück, so dass der Hilfskanal 32 verschlossen ist. Da durch die Drosselstrecke 31 nach wie vor Kältemittel in den Druckraum 29 gelangt, dies aber nicht mehr durch den Hilfskanal 32 und die Hilfskanalabschnitte 36, 37 abschließen kann, baut sich in der Druckkammer 29 ein Druck auf, der das Hauptventilelement 28 wieder zur Anlage an den Hauptventilsitz 27 bringt. Das Hauptventilelement 28, der Ventilsitz 27 und das Hilfsventilelement 34 bilden damit wesentliche Teile eines Ventils 38, wobei für jeden Auslass 25 und damit für jede Verdampferstrecke 7a-7d ein eigenes Ventil vorgesehen und jedes Ventil 38 einzeln ansteuerbar ist. Die Menge an Kältemittel, die dann in die jeweilige Verdampferstrecke 7a-7d gelangt, richtet sich nach der Länge der Zeit, in der der Magnet 19 über dem jeweiligen Hilfsventilelement 34 verharrt. Bei einem Umlauf der Antriebswelle 16 wird damit jedes Ventil 38 einmal geöffnet. Wenn man unter bestimmten Umständen verhindern möchte, dass ein Ventil 38 geöffnet wird, dann wird die Drehrichtung der Antriebswelle 16 vor Erreichen des jeweiligen Ventils 38 umgedreht oder der Magnet wird sehr schnell über das entsprechende Hilfsventilelement 34 hinaus gefahren. Bei Verwendung eines Elektromagneten kann man den Magneten 19 abschalten, wenn ein Ventil 38 überfahren wird, das nicht geöffnet werden soll.If the magnet 19 is rotated further, so that it no longer acts on the auxiliary valve element 34, then the closing spring 35 presses the auxiliary valve 34 back into the illustrated closed position, so that the auxiliary channel 32 is closed. Since refrigerant still enters the pressure chamber 29 through the throttle section 31, but this can no longer be completed by the auxiliary channel 32 and the auxiliary channel sections 36, 37, a pressure builds up in the pressure chamber 29, causing the main valve element 28 to rest again the main valve seat 27 brings. The main valve element 28, the valve seat 27 and the auxiliary valve element 34 thus form essential parts of a valve 38, wherein for each outlet 25 and thus for each evaporator section 7a-7d provided a separate valve and each valve 38 is individually controlled. The amount of refrigerant, which then enters the respective evaporator section 7a-7d, depends on the length of time in which the magnet 19 remains above the respective auxiliary valve element 34. With one revolution of the drive shaft 16 so that each valve 38 is opened once. If you want to prevent under certain circumstances, that a valve 38 is opened, then the direction of rotation of the drive shaft 16 is reversed before reaching the respective valve 38 or the magnet is very fast driven over the corresponding auxiliary valve member 34 addition. When using an electromagnet can turn off the magnet 19 when a valve 38 is run over, which should not be opened.
Die Drosselstrecke 31 , die auch als Drosselpfad bezeichnet werden kann, weist einen Strömungswiderstand auf, der größer ist als der Strömungswiderstand des Hilfskanals 32 und der Hilfskanalabschnitte 36, 37. Dement- sprechend kann sich in der Druckkammer 29 kein Druck aufbauen, solange das Hilfsventilelement 34 den Hilfskanal 32 freigibt. Dargestellt ist, dass die Steuereinrichtung 9 getrennt vom Verteiler 5 angeordnet ist. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Steuereinrichtung 9 mit dem Verteiler 5 baulich zusammenzufassen.The throttle section 31, which can also be referred to as a throttle path, has a flow resistance which is greater than the flow resistance of the auxiliary channel 32 and the auxiliary channel sections 36, 37. Accordingly, no pressure can build up in the pressure chamber 29 as long as the auxiliary valve element 34 the auxiliary channel 32 releases. It is shown that the control device 9 is arranged separately from the distributor 5. But it is also possible to summarize the control device 9 with the manifold 5 structurally.
In nicht näher dargestellter Weise kann eine zusätzliche Magnetspule so angeordnet sein, dass ihr Magnetfeld alle Hilfsventilelemente 34 gleichzeitig beaufschlagen kann. In diesem Fall werden alle Ventile 38 gleichzeitig geöffnet. Dies ist beim Starten der Kühlanlage 1 vorteilhaft, um die Temperatur schnell zu senken. Nach geeigneter Füllung der Verdampferstre- cken wird die Spule ausgeschaltet und der Rotor dreht den Magneten 19 zu den verschiedenen Hilfselementen 34. Man kann allerdings auch vorsehen, dass die Wirkung eines derartigen Elektromagneten auf einige oder mehrere Ventile 38 beschränkt ist.In a manner not shown, an additional solenoid may be arranged so that their magnetic field can act on all auxiliary valve elements 34 simultaneously. In this case, all valves 38 are opened simultaneously. This is advantageous when starting the cooling system 1 in order to reduce the temperature quickly. After suitable filling of the evaporator sections, the coil is switched off and the rotor turns the magnet 19 to the various auxiliary elements 34. However, it can also be provided that the effect of such an electromagnet is limited to a few or more valves 38.
In einer ebenfalls nicht näher dargestellten Ausgestaltung kann man anstelle eines Rotors, der den Magneten 19 von einem Ventil 38 zum nächsten transportiert, für jedes Ventil 38 einen eigenen Elektromagneten vorsehen, der dann das Ventil 38 individuell aufsteuert. Alle Elektromagneten sind dann mit der Steuereinrichtung 9 verbunden, die die Ansteuerung der Ventile 38 kontrolliert. In an embodiment, also not shown, instead of a rotor, which transports the magnet 19 from one valve 38 to the next, for each valve 38 provide its own electromagnet, which then opens the valve 38 individually. All electromagnets are then connected to the control device 9, which controls the control of the valves 38.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kühlanlage mit einem Kältemittelkreislauf, der mehrere Verdampfer- strecken und einen eine Verteilung von Kältemittel bewirkenden Verteiler aufweist, wobei der Verteiler ein Gehäuse und für jede Verdampferstrecke ein ansteuerbares Ventil aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verteiler (5) eine die Ventile (38) ansteuernde Magnetanordung aufweist.1. Cooling system with a refrigerant circuit, which has a plurality of evaporator stretch and a distribution of refrigerant causing distributor, wherein the distributor has a housing and for each evaporator section a controllable valve, characterized in that the manifold (5) one of the valves (38 ) has driving magnet arrangement.
2. Kühlanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Magnetanordnung einen Rotor (17) aufweist, der mindestens einen Magneten (19) trägt.2. Cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnet arrangement comprises a rotor (17) carrying at least one magnet (19).
3. Kühlanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Magnetanordnung mindestens einen als Elektromagneten ausgebildeten Magneten (19) aufweist.3. Cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnet arrangement has at least one magnet designed as an electromagnet (19).
4. Kühlanlage nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnet (19) durch eine geschlossene Wand (21) des Gehäuses hindurch wirkt.4. Cooling system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the magnet (19) through a closed wall (21) of the housing acts therethrough.
5. Kühlanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnet (19) in einer umlaufenden Nut (20) geführt ist.5. Cooling system according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the magnet (19) in a circumferential groove (20) is guided.
6. Kühlanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ventil (38) als vorgesteuertes Ventil ausgebildet ist.6. Cooling system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the valve (38) is designed as a pilot-operated valve.
7. Kühlanlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ventil (38) ein durch den Magneten (19) bewegbares Hilfsventilele- ment (34) und ein durch Kältemittel bewegbares Hauptventilelement (28) aufweist, das mit einem Hauptventilsitz (27) zusammenwirkt und mit seiner dem Hauptventilsitz (27) abgewandten Seite einen Druckraum (29) begrenzt, wobei das Hilfsventilelement (34) einen Durch- gang (32, 36, 37) vom Druckraum (29) zu einem mit einer Verdampferstrecke (7a-7d) verbundenen Ausgang (25) freigibt oder sperrt.7. Cooling system according to claim 6, characterized in that the valve (38) by the magnet (19) movable Hilfsventilele- and a refrigerant flowable main valve element (28) which cooperates with a main valve seat (27) and with its main valve seat (27) facing away from a pressure chamber (29) limited, wherein the auxiliary valve element (34) has a passage (32, 36, 37) from the pressure chamber (29) to a connected to an evaporator section (7a-7d) output (25) releases or blocks.
8. Kühlanlage nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass parallel zum Hauptventilelement (28) ein Drosselpfad (31 ) von einem Einlass (11) des Verteilers (5) zum Druckraum (29) verläuft.8. Cooling system according to claim 7, characterized in that parallel to the main valve element (28) has a throttle path (31) from an inlet (11) of the distributor (5) to the pressure chamber (29).
9. Kühlanlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drosselpfad (31) zwischen dem Hauptventilelement (28) und einer Führung (30) für das Hauptventilelement (28) verläuft.9. Cooling system according to claim 8, characterized in that the throttle path (31) extends between the main valve element (28) and a guide (30) for the main valve element (28).
10. Kühlanlage nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erster Druckabfall über den Drosselpfad (31 ) größer ist als ein zweiter Druckabfall zwischen dem Druckraum (29) und dem Ausgang (25).10. Cooling system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a first pressure drop across the throttle path (31) is greater than a second pressure drop between the pressure chamber (29) and the output (25).
11. Kühlanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Magnetanordnung einen steuerbaren Magneten aufweist, mit dem mehrere Ventile gleichzeitig ansteuerbar sind.11. Cooling system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the magnet arrangement comprises a controllable magnet with which a plurality of valves can be controlled simultaneously.
12. Kühlanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedem Ventil ein eigener steuerbarer Magnet zugeordnet ist. 12. Cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that each valve is associated with its own controllable magnet.
EP08758232A 2007-06-19 2008-06-17 Cooling system Not-in-force EP2174080B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007028565A DE102007028565A1 (en) 2007-06-19 2007-06-19 refrigeration Equipment
PCT/DK2008/000223 WO2008154923A1 (en) 2007-06-19 2008-06-17 Cooling system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2174080A1 true EP2174080A1 (en) 2010-04-14
EP2174080B1 EP2174080B1 (en) 2012-02-22

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EP08758232A Not-in-force EP2174080B1 (en) 2007-06-19 2008-06-17 Cooling system

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US (1) US8689582B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2174080B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5048129B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101784848B (en)
AT (1) ATE546698T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102007028565A1 (en)
MX (1) MX2009013756A (en)
RU (1) RU2426958C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008154923A1 (en)

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RU2426958C1 (en) 2011-08-20
JP5048129B2 (en) 2012-10-17
ATE546698T1 (en) 2012-03-15
WO2008154923A1 (en) 2008-12-24
CN101784848A (en) 2010-07-21
EP2174080B1 (en) 2012-02-22
US8689582B2 (en) 2014-04-08
CN101784848B (en) 2011-11-16
US20100281913A1 (en) 2010-11-11
JP2010530520A (en) 2010-09-09
DE102007028565A1 (en) 2008-12-24
MX2009013756A (en) 2010-01-26

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