EP2172059B1 - Membrane having a multipart structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a composition of a speaker membrane, consisting at minimum of the following layering sequence: a first cover layer (3) made of a plastic, a first adhesive layer (2), and a first layer (4) manufactured from a non-woven material (fleece) made of fibers.

Description

The invention relates to a very thin, rigid, lightweight, multi-part or multi-layer membrane, which has a very high internal damping and its properties by the composition of different materials and the final Welterverarbeitung by various types of processes, such. thermal processes, which is particularly well suited for the production of Lautsprochermombranen.

The membrane technologies used so far generally have a structure that turns out to be disadvantageous at least in one point.

The European patent application EP 0264131A discloses a speaker diaphragm consisting of at least three layers of tissue.

The patent publication US4140203 discloses a speaker diaphragm consisting of at least one layer of organic material and a layer of polyurethane elastomer.

It is an object of the invention to find an improved embodiment of a loudspeaker membrane.

This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject matter of the subordinate claims.

1. 1. möglichst geringes Gewicht,
2. 2. hohe Bigesteifigkeit,
3. 3. hohe innere Dämpfung.

As can be seen from the approximately 100 years of history or evolution of dynamic loudspeaker annotation, the ultimate membrane has the following characteristics, broadly speaking, and desirably has the following properties:

1. 1. lowest possible weight,
2. 2. high rigidity,
3. 3. high internal damping.

Now there are certainly some already realized constructions and a lot of patents, but it is also proven that all these constructions usually satisfy only 2 of the 3 points to a satisfactory extent. One of the 3 points usually remains on the track.

An example: For high stiffness is usually used very thick fiber material, aluminum or foam or Wabensandwichmembrene, result - high weight, no internal damping - thus only suitable for the bass range.

Another example: At low weight you use plastic film, thin fiber membrane or fabric membrane, result = low weight, good damping, no strength - thus only suitable for the midrange or high tone range.

The material presented here or the membranes that can be produced from it have all the required points, since the materials used are combined practically to their best characteristics with those of other materials.

The following example is only one of many possibilities of the material combinations:

As the outer layer, e.g. the amorphous or crystalline material PEEK (polyetheretherketone) is used. This material has the property from a very high Verarbeltungstemperatur change its state and then increase again in hardness or strength (depending on the addition, for example, talc, this state can be changed again). It should be noted that care must be taken that the film / material must be plasma-treated in any case in order to reduce the surface tension or to ensure better adhesion or adhesion.

The outer layers are now on an adhesive that is thermoplastically deformable and does not break even at high temperatures, or with a Central layer of, for example, so-called Veil (English expression for webbing) made of longer fibers, such as carbon, which are bonded bonded with a polyvinyl alcohol or polyester binder or better laminated. This is done under high pressure (1 to 10 bar / m ² ) and high temperature (between 1 ° C and 360 ° C).

It has proven to be very advantageous that it is important to ensure that the adhesive / or the amount of adhesive is by no means so high that each fiber is impregnated with glue or the web is in no way completely penetrated and thus glued to a lump.

It may only be used so much glue that falling apart or breaking of the fibers and thus the destruction of the entire membrane is impossible and thus any noise can be prevented.

This ensures that the high attenuation of e.g. Carbon is not lost in itself, since the fibers through the then possible friction with each other, the kinetic energy or disturbing Materfalresonanzen the plastic films or cover layers, through their absorption and heat conversion, destroy.

The fact that this sandwich membrane is very thin (depending on the top layer, adhesive, and liner material used) and by the low adhesive amounts used, the membrane can be used in wide frequency ranges - such. also for the treble range.

A multilayer construction of the intermediate layer is also conceivable if, for example, an even firmer and heavier membrane is needed, here e.g. for very large membranes in the professional area.

By the membrane technology according to the invention in principle now any development, even for very specific membrane materials and applications possible.

In the example given here or possible embodiment, membranes are deformed or deep drawn after laminating by high pressure and high temperatures (between 1 ° C. and 450 ° C.) between two mold halves (molds),

Here you can now selectively control the strength alone by different temperature of the tool.

As described, however, this only applies to plastics, such as e.g. Previously mentioned PEEK or polyphenylene sulfides, which change their condition from certain temperatures.

So it is e.g. possible to heat the tool in the center more than at the edge. This would make the resulting membrane in the center harder / stiffer than the edge.

The result for a conical membrane would be: The fact that in normal dynamic speakers the drive is made by a central voice coil or the membrane is thus vibrated, so at low frequencies at high amplitudes, the membrane would oscillate like a piston in the whole and would towards higher frequencies Then the outer edge of the membrane, the higher the frequency is, more and more decouple towards the center.

So one could e.g. also think of the outer edge or the median diameter or even in other geometrical shapes to prevent certain membranes / plate modes. Thus, of course, flat membranes are to produce the certain properties with it. e.g. so-called lead swing constructions (Mangerwandler), loudspeaker diaphragm for so-called NXT loudspeaker designs (distributed mode loudspeakers), loudspeakers which work according to the principle of coincidence, or hybrids or hybrids from the previously described principles.

So it is of course also possible to go through the form on certain desired properties. By a subsequent coating or painting Further properties, such as additional damping or color design, can be brought about.

The areas of application or the possible applications, as well as the construction itself, are extremely versatile. There are hardly any restrictions here. Loudspeakers manufactured in this way can be used in home, public address, installation, automotive, aviation, marine, etc. areas. The installation locations can be: Free-standing or hanging, on / in or as wall / partition wall, on / in or as floor / floor, under and as ceiling, on / in or as door / Motor vehicle door / ceiling / paneling / Armature, in mobile or immobile situations.

• Faserwerkstoffe (die unterschiedlich oder gleich lange bzw. kurze Faserlängen und / oder auch unerschiedlich oder gleich dünne oder dicke Fasern haben können) wie z.B. Karbon Vlies, Karbon Veil (englischer Begriff). Fasermatten oder Faserfilz, mit Polyvinylalkohol- oder Polyester - Binder wie z.B. aus:
  • Aramid, Polyester, Polyamid, Paraaramid, Metaaramid, Siliziumcarbid, Siliziumcarbid +Titan, LCP = liquid crystal polymer. Polypropylen, Polyäthylen Fasern, PVDC, PVDF, PTFE, HD-PE, CFF fibrillated fibers, Polyphenylensutfide, Polyimid, Carbon und Quartzel, Silica, Nextel, Inox, Polyaryletherketone (PAEK), Aufbau aus einem Aromatic Polyamide und einem Aromatic Ppolyothersulfone, PEEK (Polyetheretherketon), polycrystalline SIC (Silizium) Fasern, NICALON SiC (Silizium) Fasern, Basalt sowie Mischgeweben oder Faserhalbzeuge aus oben genannten Materialien.

The materials used can be, for example:

• Fiber materials (which may have different or equal length or short fiber lengths and / or also unequal or equal thin or thick fibers) such as carbon nonwoven, carbon Veil (English term). Fiber mats or fiber felt, with polyvinyl alcohol or polyester binders such as:
  • Aramid, polyester, polyamide, para-aramid, meta-aramid, silicon carbide, silicon carbide + titanium, LCP = liquid crystal polymer. Polypropylene, polyethylene fibers, PVDC, PVDF, PTFE, HD-PE, CFF fibrillated fibers, polyphenylene sueffide, polyimide, carbon and quartz, silica, Nextel, inox, polyaryletherketones (PAEK), Aromatic polyamide and aromatic polyethersulfone, PEEK ( Polyetheretherketone), polycrystalline SIC (silicon) fibers, NICALON SiC (silicon) fibers, basalt as well as blended fabrics or semi-finished fiber products of the above-mentioned materials.

• HF Nybridkamblnationen, Kohlenstoff - Aramidfaserkombinationen ,Polyethylen-Kohlenstofffaserkombinationen, Polyethylen-Glasfaserkombinationen, Kohlenstoff-Glasfaserkombinationen, Aramid - Glasfaserkombinationen Deckschichten bzw. Follen auch mit Zusätzen wie z.B. Talkum versehen:
  • Polyester, Polyamid, Paraaramid, Metaaramid, Polypropylen, Polyäthylen, PVDC, PVDF, PTFE, HD-PE, Polyphenylensulfide, Polyimid, Carbon, Polyaryletherketone (PAEK), Aufbau aus einem Aromatic Polyimide und einem Aromatic Polyethersulfone, PEEK (Polyetheretherketon), Metallen wie z.B. Aluminium, Papier- und Faserwerkstoffen sowie Mischmaterialien aus oben genannten Materialien.

Hybrid fabric of fibers (with polyvinyl alcohol or polyester binder) such as:

• HF hybrid copper blends, carbon aramid fiber blends, polyethylene carbon fiber blends, polyethylene fiber blends, carbon fiber blends, aramid fiber blends Coatings or follicles also provided with additives such as talc:
  • Polyester, Polyamide, Paraaramid, Metaaramid, Polypropylene, Polyethylene, PVDC, PVDF, PTFE, HD-PE, Polyphenylene sulfide, Polyimide, Carbon, Polyaryletherketone (PAEK), Composition of Aromatic Polyimide and Aromatic Polyethersulfone, PEEK (Polyetheretherketone), metals such as For example, aluminum, paper and fiber materials and mixed materials from the above materials.

As well as different cover layers or films of the aforementioned materials, ie for example one side polyester the other side aluminum.

Fig. 1:

symmetrischer Aufbau mit einer Zwischenlage und 2 Kleberlagen;

Fig. 2:

symmetrischer Aufbau mit zwei Zwischenlagen und 3 Kleberlagen entsprechend der Erfindung;

Fig. 3:

Ausführung einer Konusmembran;

Fig. 4:

Schnitt mit einseitiger Deckschicht:

Fig. 5:

Schnitt mit zweiseitigen Deckschichten:

Fig. 6:

Schnitt mit zwei Deckschichten und einer Zwischenschicht;

Fig. 7:

Frequenzgang und Verzerrungen eines 100 mm Mitteltöners mit der erfindungsgemäßen Membran standardisierter Antrieb;

Fig. 8:

Frequenzgang und Verzerrungen eines 100 mm Mitteltöners mit einer Aluminiummembran standardisierter Antrieb;

Fig. 9:

Frequenzgang und Verzerrungen eines 160 mm Mitteltöners mit der erfindungsgemäßen Membran standardisierter Antrieb;

Fig. 10:

Frequenzgang und Verzerrungen eines 160 mm Mitteltöners mit einer Aluminiummembran standardisierter Antrieb.

They show in detail:

Fig. 1:

symmetrical construction with an intermediate layer and 2 adhesive layers;

Fig. 2:

symmetrical construction with two intermediate layers and 3 adhesive layers according to the invention;

3:

Execution of a conical membrane;

4:

Cut with one-sided cover layer:

Fig. 5:

Cut with two-sided cover layers:

Fig. 6:

Cut with two cover layers and an intermediate layer;

Fig. 7:

Frequency response and distortions of a 100 mm midrange with the diaphragm according to the invention standardized drive;

Fig. 8:

Frequency response and distortion of a 100 mm midrange driver with an aluminum diaphragm standardized drive;

Fig. 9:

Frequency response and distortions of a 160 mm midrange driver with the membrane according to the invention standardized drive;

Fig. 10:

Frequency response and distortion of a 160 mm midrange driver with an aluminum diaphragm standardized drive.

The FIG. 1 shows a membrane, with symmetrical construction. The intermediate layer of the Vell 4 with the adhesive layers 2 and the outer layers. 3

The FIG. 2 shows the inventively constructed membrane, with double symmetrical structure. With the directionally oriented intermediate layers (nonwovens 5) which are rotated against each other and the adhesive layers 2 and the outer layers. 3

The FIG. 3 shows a typical cone-shaped speaker membrane from the inventively formed membrane material.

The FIG. 4 shows the cut of Fig. 3 in a non-inventive embodiment as a one-sided executed membrane construction with the cover layer 3 and a layer Veil 4th

The FIG. 5 shows the cut of Fig. 3 in a non-inventive embodiment as a symmetrical membrane construction as FIG. 2 ,

The FIG. 8 shows the cut of Fig. 3 in a version not according to the invention as a double symmetrical membrane construction with the cover layers 3 and the intermediate layers of directionally oriented nonwovens 5 which are glued turned against each other.

In the FIG. 7 one sees the frequency response and the distortion behavior (lower set of curves in%) of a loudspeaker with the membrane or technology according to the invention as a 100 mm diameter system. If one now the curves or amplitude curves of the frequency response and the distortions with those of FIG. 8 compares, same speaker only with aluminum diaphragm, one quickly realizes that all curves from the FIG. 7 have a more linear or straighter frequency response and that the distortions are lower.

With the following FIGS. 9 and 10 (it behaves exactly like Fig. 7 compared to Fig. 8 ) is to prove that the benefits are not only random or size dependent, but consistently system immanent in terms of the membrane or technology of the invention - shown in FIG. 9 , In this case, speakers with a diameter of 160 mm are compared. Again, all amplitudes are better or more linear than those of the other membrane FIG. 10 , again the same speaker only with aluminum membrane.

In the FIG. 1 a membrane material is shown, which (from top to bottom in such a way) over lamination the cover layer in this example PEEK (polyetheretherketone) 3, with adhesive 2 and made of non-directional fibers carbon Veil 4 and adhesive 2 with another cover layer in this Example PEEK (polyetheretherketone) 3 bonded to a sandwich.

In the FIG. 2 the membrane material according to the invention is shown, which (shown from top to bottom) lamination, the top layer in this example PEEK (polyetheretherketone) 3, with adhesive 2 and with carbon fiber fabric 5 produced by directional fibers, adhesive material 5 which is produced by means of adhesive 2 with another directionally oriented fibers and which is turned by 90 ° to the previous layer 5 and bonded to a further covering layer in this example PEEK (polyetheretherketone) 3 to form a sandwich ,

In the FIG. 3 is the membrane material as in FIG. 1 described, which has been pulled or deformed in the manner previously described to a cone speaker diaphragm.

The FIGS. 4 to 6 show the membrane material, which has been drawn or deformed deep to a Konuslautsprechermembren on the previously described type and catfish in various designs.

The FIG. 4 shows that the membrane material as a one-side coated membrane consisting of a cover layer 3 (in this example PEEK (polyetheretherketone)) with the non-directional fibers produced carbon Veil 4 for the purpose of pure mechanical damping of the cover layer. 3

The FIG. 5 shows the two-sided sandwich like In FIG. 1 described and the FIG. 6 shows the double sandwich after FIG. 2 ,

The claims now filed with the application and later are attempts to formulate without prejudice to the attainment of further protection. The referenced in the dependent claims back references point to the further development of the subject of the main protection claim by the features of the respective Unterschutzanspruchs. However, these are not to be understood as a waiver of obtaining independent, objective protection for the features of the withdrawn rights of the claim. Features that have hitherto been disclosed only in the description can be claimed in the course of the method as of essential importance to the invention, for example to delineate the prior art.

Claims (13)

1. Speaker membrane, consisting at minimum of the following layering sequence:

   a first cover layer (3) made of a plastic,

   a first application (2) of adhesive,

   a first intermediate ply (4) manufactured from a nonwoven web of fibres, with a first preferential direction of the contained fibres,

   a second application (2) of adhesive,

   a second intermediate ply (5) manufactured from a nonwoven web of fibres, with a second preferential direction of the contained fibres, the second intermediate ply (5) having a rotated disposition relative to the first intermediate ply (4) in terms of the preferential directions,

   a third application (2) of adhesive, and

   a second cover layer (3) made of plastic.
2. Speaker membrane according to Claim 1, characterized in that the applications (2) of adhesive only wet each of the adjacent intermediate plies (5, 4), without penetrating them.
3. Speaker membrane according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one intermediate ply (4, 5) has at least in part polyvinyl alcohol and/or polyester binders.
4. Speaker membrane according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the intermediate plies (4, 5) have been rotated in such a way, preferably by 90°, relative to one another that their preferential directions neutralize each other.
5. Speaker membrane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate ply (4, 5) has at least in part fibres made of carbon.
6. Speaker membrane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (3) consists of a plastic that especially is amorphous or crystalline.
7. Speaker membrane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (3) consists of a plastic like PEEK (polyetheretherketone).
8. Speaker membrane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (3) consists of a plastic like polyphenylenesulphide.
9. Speaker membrane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (3) consists of a plastic like polyaryletherketone (PAEK).
10. Speaker membrane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layer (3) consists of a plastic like a mixture of an aromatic polyimide and an aromatic polyethersulphone.
11. Speaker membrane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foils are plasma-treated for better adhesion before lamination.
12. Speaker membrane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foils are coated or treated with primer for better adhesion before lamination.
13. Speaker membrane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibres of the intermediate ply (4, 5) are of different lengths.

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