Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W8/00—Network data management
  • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
  • H04W8/08—Mobility data transfer
  • H04W8/12—Mobility data transfer between location registers or mobility servers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W8/00—Network data management
  • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
  • H04W8/04—Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
  • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
  • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of telecommunications and more particularly to a method and a device for managing access to a mobile telecommunications network.
• the invention is part of telecommunication techniques for convergence between a mobile telecommunication network and a fixed telecommunication network.
• These fixed / mobile convergence techniques allow dual-mode mobile terminals, for example GSM / Wifi terminals, to access the mobile core network of the GSM network, via a local WiFi network, and via a connection established through the network.
• GSM Global System for Mobile communications
• WLAN Wireless Fidelity
• the point of access to the local WiFi network is for example constituted by a Wifi residential gateway capable of establishing an IP (Internet Protocol) connection with the interconnection device.
• Access to the core mobile network via a WiFi local radio network and the IP fixed network is an alternative access technique to conventional UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or GERAN (GPRS / EDGE Radio Access Network) cellular access.
• the access network for this alternate access includes the local area network, the local area access point, the interconnect device, and the link between the access point and the interconnect device.
• One or more access points may be connected to the same interconnection device so as to extend the coverage of the access network geographically.
• the mobile network taken as a whole, comprises the GSM mobile core network and the access network or networks.
• GAN Generic Access Network
• the user connects to the mobile core network from an access network.
• Such a user must be able to benefit from the value-added services related to his presence in the network. the coverage area of the GAN network.
• a preferential billing rate for the communication associated with the GAN network or the nominal throughput available via the GAN network which rate is generally greater than the nominal throughput of the conventional access network GERAN or UTRAN.
• This requires the ability to reliably determine whether a mobile terminal is actually served by the GAN network, or if it is only registered with the GAN network but not yet actually served by the GAN network.
• a terminal is served by the access network if a link of communication with this mobile terminal established through the mobile core network is in progress and established via the access network, or, if, when a request for establishment of such a link is issued and satisfied, the establishment of this link is via the access network.
• a registration request is automatically sent to an access network registration device, but the terminal mobile can continue to receive incoming calls from the core mobile network through the conventional GERAN access network, without going through the GAN access network.
• the switchover from access to the core mobile network, from the conventional access mode GERAN to an access mode via the access network does not necessarily take place: either because the access system GERAN is designed so that failover during communication on the access network is prohibited, or because the mobile terminal is configured for this switchover to be conditioned by the fact that its level of radio reception through the local network of the access network is greater than a minimum threshold ensuring reliable reception.
• a known solution for determining the network serving a dual mode mobile terminal is based primarily on the exploitation of the registration information with the access network. It therefore does not make it possible to determine precisely whether the terminal is actually served by the access network during access to the mobile core network.
• a first alternative consists in putting back information relating to the coverage in one of the parameters of the GTP protocol in English GPRS Tunneling Protocol.
• This parameter is called Radio Access Technology Type (see 3GPP TS 29.060 Version 6 and 7).
• This parameter is used to identify a type of coverage: UTRAN (Terrestrial Radio Access Network), GERAN (GPRS / EDGE Radio Access Network), WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) or GAN (Generic Access Network).
• UTRAN Transmission Restrial Radio Access Network
• GERAN GPRS / EDGE Radio Access Network
• WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
• GAN Generic Access Network
• a second alternative is based on the use of the field "User Location Information” which contains the "CeII Global Identity” (identifier of the GSM cell in the mobile network heart of an operator). This information is sent back to the network from SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) nodes only when creating a PDP context.
• This second alternative does not allow in the case of inter-SGSN mobility to have subscriber presence information when the subscriber is in the course of a communication session; this communication can therefore be degraded when the terminal switches from a GAN cover to a GERAN cover without notifying the user.
• the patent document published under the number US2004 / 0005886 describes a system in which an IP request for recording the location of a radio terminal is transmitted to a control proxy server 131, forming part of a local IP network, forming access network for a cellular network.
• This request is converted by the proxy server 131 into a terminal location registration message according to a standard of the cellular network.
• This message is then transmitted to an MSC / VLR 121 of the cellular network to execute a standard process of recording the location of the terminal.
• the purpose of this system is to propose an alternative to GAN access networks, an alternative in which an IP request conversion mechanism is used as standard messages of a cellular network. It has the same disadvantages as known GAN access networks.
• Patent document EP1617697 discloses a mechanism for dynamically allocating MSC / SGSN equipment from a network to a mobile terminal during registration of the terminal with the GAN network. This allocation is made according to the GSM cell sent by the terminal to the GANC. In this way, it is possible to connect this terminal to the same MSC / SGSN that used in a previous allocation.
• the purpose of this mechanism is to reduce the overhead, in terms of signaling in the mobile network, related to updates of location data between MSC / SGSN. It does not overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
• One of the aims of the invention is to remedy the shortcomings and drawbacks of the state of the art and / or to make improvements thereto.
• the subject of the invention is a method of managing access to a telecommunications network, said network comprising a core mobile network accessible through at least one access network, the method comprising a sending step, by an access network registration device and intended for a management device of the mobile core network, following a registration of the mobile terminal with the access network performed by the recording device, of a message to inform the management device of the recording made.
• the subject of the invention is a method of managing access to a telecommunications network, said network comprising a mobile core network accessible through at least one access network, the method being implemented by a device for managing a mobile core network and comprising a step of receiving and processing a message, originating from a recording device of said access network, the message informing the management device of a mobile terminal recording to the access network performed by said recording device.
• the invention is based in particular on the finding made by the inventors that the registration procedure in the access network is de-correlated with the location update procedure in the mobile core network.
• Handing up information relating to a mobile terminal registration performed by a recording device enables a mobile network management device heart to correlate this information with the information that the management device has on the mobile terminal, including location information.
• the correlation between this information from different sources makes it possible to reliably determine whether the mobile terminal is actually served by the access network during access to the mobile core network.
• the invention applies to both circuit mode and packet mode communications.
• the method according to the invention comprises a step of triggering by said management device of a search procedure in order to obtain a location information relating to said mobile terminal, said triggering step being intended to be performed following said receiving step. Triggering the search procedure after obtaining the registration information makes it possible to avoid saturating the network with respect to a solution where this procedure would be carried out continuously. In this way, in fact, a temporal synchronization is introduced between the recording performed on the access network side and the location search procedure performed on the mobile core side. This effectively limits the time period during which the search procedure takes place.
• the method according to the invention further comprises a step of determining, as a function of the location information and the information relating to the recording performed, a parameter indicating whether said mobile terminal is served by the access network.
• a mobile terminal is served by a network is simply deduced from location information and registration information. This determination mode makes it possible to know reliably whether a terminal is actually served by an access network.
• a terminal is served by a network only from the moment when its location in the access network is known to the mobile core network and used by the mobile core network to restore communication link through the network. mobile heart.
• the subject of the invention is a device for registering an access network to a mobile core network, comprising sending means for, following a mobile terminal registration with the access network carried out by the recording device, send a message to inform a mobile network management device heart, the recording performed.
• the invention also relates to a device for managing a mobile core network accessible through an access network, comprising means for receiving and processing a message, originating from a device recording of said access network, the message informing the management device of a mobile terminal registration with the access network performed by said recording device.
• the management device comprises means for implementing the steps of a method according to the invention, as regards the steps implemented by the management device of the mobile network.
• the various steps of the method according to the invention are implemented by a software or computer program, this software comprising software instructions intended to be executed by a data processor of a management device.
• a mobile telecommunication network respectively an access network recording device, this program being designed to control the execution of the various steps of this method.
• the invention is also directed to a program that can be executed by a computer or a data processor, which program includes instructions for controlling the execution of the steps of a method as mentioned above.
• This program can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other form desirable shape.
• the invention also relates to a data carrier readable by a computer or data processor, and comprising instructions of a program as mentioned above.
• the information carrier may be any entity or device capable of storing the program.
• the medium may comprise storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or a magnetic recording medium, for example a floppy disk or a disk. hard.
• the information medium may be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which may be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
• the program according to the invention can be downloaded in particular on an Internet type network.
• the information medium may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the process in question.
• the subject of the invention is also a message intended to be sent to a device for managing a mobile core network by a device for recording an access network to said mobile core network, the message informing the management device a mobile terminal registration with the access network performed by the recording device.
• the invention also relates to an information carrier readable by a computer or data processor, and comprising a message according to the invention.
• the information medium may be any hardware, entity or device capable of storing a message.
• the medium may comprise storage means, such as a ROM or RAM memory, for example a CD ROM disk or a magnetic recording means, for example a floppy disk ("floppy disk”) according to the English terminology. Saxon) or a computer hard drive.
• the information medium can be a carrier that can be transmitted in the form of a carrier wave, such as an electromagnetic signal (electrical, radio or optical signal), which can be conveyed via an appropriate transmission means, wired or not.
• a carrier wave such as an electromagnetic signal (electrical, radio or optical signal)
• electrical, radio or optical signal which can be conveyed via an appropriate transmission means, wired or not.
• wired electrical or optical cable, radio or infrared link, or by other means.
• the invention also relates to a method comprising a step of generating and / or using a message according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows a system comprising the device according to the invention as well as various cooperating entities
• FIG. 2 represents a flowchart of a phase of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
• the invention is described in more detail in the case of an example of the GAN system for fixed / mobile convergence, as standardized by the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project).
• Access to the core mobile network via an access network is an alternative access technique to conventional UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or GERAN (GPRS / EDGE Radio Access Network) cellular access.
• This technique alternative is to use a radio link (Wifi, Wimax, Bluetooth or other), established between a mobile terminal and an access point, in combination with a link established through a fixed network between this access point and a device of interconnection with the mobile core network, for conveying, between a mobile terminal and the mobile core network, the data transmitted or received by this terminal.
• UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
• GERAN GPRS / EDGE Radio Access Network
• FIG. 1 A subset of a telecommunication system enabling fixed / mobile convergence is shown in FIG. 1. This subset comprises:
• a mobile telecommunications network 10 for example a GSM core network (Global System for Mobile Communication) or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System); this network is also named here mobile network core;
• GSM core network Global System for Mobile Communication
• UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• GAN an access network 31, called a GAN network as part of the GAN architecture
• GANC GAN access controller
• this access point being able to communicate via an ADSL modem and an IP link with the interconnection device 30 with which it is associated; this access point is for example integrated in a residential gateway providing the management function of the wireless local area radio network whose extent is defined by the radio coverage area 26;
• a management device 40 in the form of a gateway, for managing the mobility of the mobile terminals accessing the mobile core network 10;
• a database 45 associated with the gateway 40, for the recording of management data identifying the location areas or cells associated with the GAN network;
• a main localization device 50 cooperating with several secondary localization devices 55, 56, 57, for the location of mobile terminals throughout the mobile network, whatever the access mode used;
• a data management server 60 for the management of presence and location data associated with the mobile terminals in the access network 31;
• a database 61 associated with the gateway 60, for the recording of presence and location data.
• the gateway 40 implements a management software application 41 which centrally manages the location information of the mobile terminals accessing the mobile core network 10 via the GAN access network 31.
• This application includes functions for searching the location of a mobile terminal accessing the mobile core network from a GAN network.
• the management application 41 is preferably in accordance with the Open Service Access (OSA) architecture, defined in the GAN system, in that it has standardized interfaces through which the gateway functionalities can be activated.
• OSA Open Service Access
• the gateway 40 also manages information relating to the terminal records made with the GAN access network. It includes for this purpose specific functions, to receive and process a request for a record made to the access network and to trigger a location search procedure following the receipt of such a request.
• the gateway 40 also includes a control module 43 named gsmSCF (for "gsm Service Control Function", intelligent network function) which allows the control, via an interface called MAP (Mobile Application Part), of entities of the mobile core network such the main locating device 50.
• gsmSCF for "gsm Service Control Function", intelligent network function
• MAP Mobile Application Part
• the database 45 associated with the platform 40 and designed to interface with it, is used to store location information relating to the access network 31. This information is stored as a CGI (CeII Global Identity) code comprising a Location Location Identifier (LAI) code and a Cl (CeII Identifier) code.
• a CGI CeII Global Identity
• LAI Location Location Identifier
• Cl Cl
• an LAI code is an identification of a location area at the international level, consisting of a country code, an operator code and a code identifying a location area itself.
• a code Cl (CeII Identifier) is an identifier of a cell of the cellular network or the access network.
• the database 45 includes all the CGI codes (or LAI) of the location areas or cells associated with the GAN network. It does not include the CGI (or LAI) codes of the localization areas or cells of the conventional GERAN or UTRAN cellular network.
• the presence server 60 comprises a software application for managing presence and location data.
• This application makes it possible to collect, for a given mobile terminal, binary presence / absence information on the GAN access network and, optionally, location information. This information is stored in the database 61 in association with an identifier of the mobile terminal concerned.
• This application is able to communicate with the management software application 41 implemented by the gateway 40 to obtain the information it manages.
• the database 61 makes it possible to record the information collected by the presence server. In particular, it allows to register in association the following elements:
• a subscriber identifier in the mobile network in the form of an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) code, ie an international identity of a subscriber registered in a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card of a mobile terminal associated with a subscriber ,
• IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
• SIM Subscriber Identity Module
• the main location device 50 usually called Home Location Register (HLR) in the context of a GSM network, manages the subscriber information of an operator of the mobile core network: subscription information of the subscriber, subscribed services, quality of service, location information.
• the location information managed by the primary location device 50 is in fact an identification of a secondary location device 55, 56, 57 managing at a given time the mobile terminal of the subscriber.
• Each of the secondary location devices 55, 56, 57 usually called VLR (Visitor Location Register) in the context of a GSM network, manages information relating to the terminals present in its coverage area.
• the VLR has location information more accurate than the main location device 50, in that it knows the geographical area in which is located a mobile terminal at a given time.
• This location area is usually called LA (Location Area) and includes one or more cells of the cellular network.
• LA Location Area
• the secondary location device managing this mobile terminal knows precisely what is the cell of the cellular network in which the terminal is located.
• the mobile terminal 20 is a telecommunication terminal, comprising a SIM card, able to establish a communication through the mobile core network 10 and to access this mobile core network via the access network 31. It is in the form of a mobile terminal, with a dual GSM and Wifi communication interface. This terminal must also be compliant with the communication standard used in the access network 31, in this case with the GAN standard, to be able to access the mobile core network 10 via this access network 31.
• the interconnection device 30 is defined and known in the GAN system by the acronym GANC. It includes functions for recording and authentication of a mobile terminal present in the coverage area of the GAN 31 network. As such, the interconnection device 30 acts as a recording device for the GAN access network.
• This interconnection device is connected to the mobile core network 10 and has, vis-à-vis the mobile core network, the conventional interfaces of a conventional controller or node BSC (Base Station Controller). It is therefore seen from the heart mobile network as a conventional BSC controller.
• the interconnection device further comprises an additional interface with respect to a conventional BSC for communication with access points of the different local networks of the GAN network.
• This interface notably allows the establishment of communication links compliant with the IP (Internet Protocol).
• the access network 31 associated with the interconnection device 30 comprises one or several radio coverage areas, each coverage area being associated with an access point of a local radio network. Location areas or cells are defined for the GAN access network, each being uniquely identified by a code C1 and a LAI code and all of these location areas geographically cover the different radio coverage areas of the access points of the GAN network 31.
• the interconnection device 30 is able to communicate with one or more access points 25 via an IP protocol-compliant link.
• the set of coverage areas of the access points with which the interconnection device 30 is able to communicate, and the connections between these access points and the interconnection device 30, are part of the access network. GAN 31.
• the method according to the invention is described in more detail with respect to FIG. 1.
• the steps S100 to S160 of this method are performed following the entry of the mobile terminal 20 into the radio coverage area 26 of the access point 25. and following the obtaining by this mobile terminal 20 of an IP address, an address assigned to it by the interconnection device 30.
• the procedure for obtaining this address is described in more detail in the standardization documents referenced 3GPP. TS 43.318 and 44.318, available on the website http://www.3gpp.org, these documents describing the complete progress of a procedure for registering a terminal in a GAN network.
• step S100 the mobile terminal 20 sends to the interconnection device 30 a "GA-RC Register Request" type registration request message. This sending is done via the access point 25 forming a communication relay between the terminal 20 and the interconnection device 30.
• This message contains, inter alia:
• an identification of the mobile terminal 20 in the form of an IMSI identifier.
• step S10 if the interconnection device 30 accepts the registration request received in step S100, it sends to the mobile terminal 20 a message of answer "GA-RC Register Accept". This sending is done via the access point 25 forming a communication relay between the terminal 20 and the interconnection device 30.
• This message contains, among other things, information describing the cell of the GAN network associated with the point of contact. access 25 (color code and beacon frequency, for example), an identifier of the LAI location area and an identifier C1 of the GAN cell.
• the process terminates, the following steps S120 to S160 not being executed.
• step S120 following a successful and effective registration, the interconnection device 30 transmits to the gateway 40 a message to inform it of the recording made.
• This message includes an identification of the terminal, in the form of IMSI identifier, and a parameter indicating that a record has been made.
• the gateway 40 triggers a periodic search procedure of the location of the terminal identified in the received message. During this periodic search procedure, the steps S130 to S150 are executed in a loop until one or more conditions for stopping this procedure are fulfilled. These stopping conditions are described in more detail below.
• step S130 the gateway 40 polls the primary location device 50 by sending it a location information request message to the primary location device 50.
• the gateway uses for this purpose an existing periodic search mechanism, such as defined in the OSA architecture and in the MAP protocol. This mechanism will be described in more detail below.
• step S140 the main location device 50 sends back, after interrogation of the secondary location device managing the location information for the mobile terminal 20, location information relating to the mobile terminal 20.
• This location information comprises a location area identification, in the form of LAI or CGI code.
• step S150 the gateway 40 queries the database 45 to determine whether the location area identification received corresponds to a location area associated with the GAN 31 network.
• step S160 after stopping the periodic search procedure, the gateway 40 generates, from the information obtained during the last execution of the steps S130 to S150, a presence Boolean information indicating whether or not the mobile terminal 20 is served by the GAN network.
• a presence Boolean information indicating whether or not the mobile terminal 20 is served by the GAN network.
• the value of this information is for example set to 1 and 0 in the opposite case.
• the gateway sends to the presence server 60 a message comprising:
• the presence server 60 On receipt of this information, the presence server 60 stores the presence Boolean information and the identification of the location area in association with the identification of the mobile terminal 20 in the database 61. In this way, it is possible, from the identification of the mobile terminal 20 and by simply querying the presence server 61, to determine whether a given mobile terminal is actually served by the access network and at the same time to know its location.
• the location search procedure (steps S130 to S150) is a periodic polling procedure whose duration is variable. It is the management application 41 of the gateway 40 that decides to stop this procedure and that stops the periodic location search procedure initiated in step S130.
• the duration of this procedure is limited.
• the termination of this procedure is decided by the management application 41 of the gateway 40 following any of the following events:
• the interconnection device 30 has de-registered the mobile terminal 20, following a loss of the IP connectivity between the mobile terminal 20 and the interconnection device 30 or because the mobile terminal 20 has ceased to send a periodic communication message of the IP communication link with the interconnection device 30;
• the management application 41 of the gateway 40 has obtained, in the previous step S140, location information corresponding to the access network GAN; in this case, this indicates that the mobile has issued a location update request and the periodic polling procedure is no longer required, since the mobile terminal 20 is served by the GAN network 31 from that moment;
• this duration being defined for example on the basis of the parameters of the counters defined in the GAN standard, for example the counter which manages the incoming mobility, the counter which prohibits the round trips between the GERAN network and the GAN network, etc.
• the interconnection device 30 transmits to the gateway 40 a message to inform him of the de-registration carried out.
• This message includes in particular an identification of the terminal, in the form of an IMSI identifier and a parameter indicating that a de-registration has been carried out.
• the gateway 40 of this message On reception by the gateway 40 of this message, the latter no longer needs to trigger a procedure for periodically searching for the location of the terminal identified in the received message, but generates a presence Boolean information, of value 0, indicating that the mobile terminal 20 is no longer served by the GAN network.
• the gateway 40 sends to the presence server 60 a message comprising the IMSI identifier of the mobile terminal 20, the presence Boolean information, and a location area identifier meaning that no GAN area is associated with this terminal mobile 20 (null default identifier for example).
• the presence server 60 records them in association with the identifier IMSI in the database 61.
• the management application 41 of the gateway 40 initiates periodic location search procedure by triggering the execution of the function named "periodicLocationReportingStartReq" (refer to the document referenced 3GPP TS 29198-06, available on the website bîjg. / '' JJY. ww.3gpp. org), which causes the transmission of a corresponding request including the identification of the subscriber in the form of IMSI identifier to a software module 42 of the gateway named mobility server ( Mobility Service Capability Server or SCS, refer to document referenced 3GPP TS 29.198-06).
• mobility server Mobility Service Capability Server or SCS
• the mobility server 42 causes periodic sending by the control module gsmSCF 43 of a query request to the main location device 50 or HLR (see the document 3GPP TS 29.998-6-1) in order to recover a location information of the subscriber.
• This request includes the IMSI identifier of the subscriber and is transmitted by means of the function named "MAP-Any-Time-Interrogation", defined in the document referenced 3GPP TS 29.002, the values of the parameters of this function being defined in the referenced document 3GPP TS 23.078.
• the HLR On receipt of the request sent by the control module, the HLR sends a second request to the secondary location device or VLR which manages the mobile terminal, by means of the message named "MAP-PROVIDE-SUBSCRIBER-Info", in order to retrieve location information from the subscriber.
• This message includes the IMSI identifier and the request object (refer to document referenced TS 23.018).
• the VLR sends in response to the HLR subscriber location information in the form of CGI or LAI code using the message named "MAP-PROVIDE-SUBSCRIBER-Info-ack". Since the location information provided by a CGI code is more precise than that provided by an LAI code, it is possible for the VLR to systematically return the CGI code to benefit in all cases of precise location information.
• the HLR transmits the response to the gsmSCF command module 43 of the gateway 40, which itself transmits it to the mobility server 42. The latter generates a response to the initial request "periodicLocationReportingStartReq", by sending a message named "periodicLocation" Report "to the management application 41 of the gateway 40.
• the management application 41 of the gateway 40 decides to stop the periodic location search procedure initiated in step S130, it uses for example the function named "periodicLocationReportingStop" defined in the OSA architecture.
• the gsmSCF command module 43 of the gateway 40 then terminates the periodic sending of requests to the HLR.
• the invention makes it possible to generate and manage reliable presence and location information relating to the actual use of an access network by a mobile terminal.
• This information is usable for the implementation of any type of service requiring to determine whether a mobile terminal is actually served by an access network or to know the location of a user in the access network.
• the invention relies on standardized communication mechanisms and thus easily integrates into any system that meets the GAN standard or another standard with a similar architecture.
• the invention is applicable in the case of a system using Femto CeII 2G or 3G technology.

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