EP2171739A2 - Control apparatus for a switching device with a pull-in coil and/or a holding coil and method for controlling the current flowing through the coil - Google Patents

Control apparatus for a switching device with a pull-in coil and/or a holding coil and method for controlling the current flowing through the coil

Info

Publication number
EP2171739A2
EP2171739A2 EP08735197A EP08735197A EP2171739A2 EP 2171739 A2 EP2171739 A2 EP 2171739A2 EP 08735197 A EP08735197 A EP 08735197A EP 08735197 A EP08735197 A EP 08735197A EP 2171739 A2 EP2171739 A2 EP 2171739A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
switching device
control
control device
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08735197A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2171739B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Meid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Moeller GmbH
Kloeckner Moeller GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moeller GmbH, Kloeckner Moeller GmbH filed Critical Moeller GmbH
Publication of EP2171739A2 publication Critical patent/EP2171739A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2171739B1 publication Critical patent/EP2171739B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator

Definitions

  • Control device for a switching device with tightening and / or holding coil and method for controlling the current flowing through the coil
  • the invention relates to a control device for a switching device, in particular for a voltage or current release, with a tightening and / or holding coil comprising a connected to the tightening and / or holding coil, pulse width-controlled switching device, and a control unit with the the switching device is connected and generates a control signal with adjustable pulse width, and a method for controlling the current flowing through the tightening and / or holding coil current.
  • a control device for a contactor drive comprising a pulse width-controlled electronic switching device connected in series with a drive coil, and a control circuit which is connected on the output side to the switching device.
  • the contactor drive has two active switching states, namely tightening and holding the coil.
  • two characteristic value tables with setpoint values are stored in the control circuit.
  • two circuits are used for determining the instantaneous drive coil voltage for the two different switching states. The two measured values for the drive coil voltage are transferred to the control circuit.
  • the control circuit has two signal inputs with upstream analog-digital converters for converting the signals.
  • EP 0 789 378 A1 discloses a control device for a contactor drive which consists of a series connection of a drive coil, a switching transistor and a measuring resistor for supplying a measured value from the coil current. The measured value is fed to a control circuit, which determines a control signal for the switching transistor on the basis of the measured value, the input voltage of the control device and the switching state of the contactor drive. The determination of a coil current is metrologically complex, and the control of the current flowing through the coil is time consuming.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object over the prior art 5 simplified control device for a switching device, in particular for a voltage or current release, with a tightening and / or holding coil to provide the current through the tightening and / or holding coil of the switching device keeps approximately constant, without characteristic tables must be stored in a control unit.
  • control unit determines the pulse width of the control signal in response to the input voltage signal of the control unit so that the control device, the current through the suit and / or
  • the object is achieved for a switching device according to the preamble of claim 19 in that the control unit determines the pulse width of the control signal in response to the input voltage signal of the control unit so that the control device to the current through the tightening and / or holding coil of the switching device 0 keeps approaching constant.
  • the object is further achieved by a method for controlling the current flowing through a starting and / or holding coil of a switching device, in that the input voltage of the switching device is determined and a pulse width modulation signal for driving a switching device is determined in dependence on a predefinable voltage setpoint of the coil voltage, that the switching device keeps the current through the tightening and / or holding coil of the switching device approximately constant.
  • the control device thus holds by means of a voltage measurement, the current through the switching device approximately constant.
  • a nominal value for the voltage applied to the coil of the switching device can be specified to the control device as a function of the type of switching device. the. If the switching device has a pull-in and / or holding coil as the voltage or current release, and if the input voltage of the control device is a DC voltage or an AC voltage, then the current through the switching device is regulated to an approximately constant value. This is achieved by an approximately constant coil voltage and proves to be very advantageous because of the lower circuit complexity compared to a current measurement for adjusting a constant coil current.
  • the control device regulates the voltage across the coil of the switching device so that it corresponds to the predetermined coil nominal voltage regardless of the switching state, tightening or holding the coil, the switching device.
  • the control signal with adjustable pulse width for the switching device is generated by a control unit.
  • the control unit is input side, e.g. connected to a voltage meter for detecting the level of the input voltage signal, which transmits a current input voltage signal to the control unit.
  • the control unit determines a current control signal with a current pulse width, so that the switching device keeps the coil voltage at the coil of the switching device approximately constant.
  • control device regardless of the switching state of the switching device (tightening operation or holding operation), the voltage across the or the current through the switching device constant. A complex measurement of the current flowing through the switching device is thereby avoided.
  • the coil voltage currently applied to the switching device is advantageously determined.
  • at least one scanning device is provided for scanning the respectively currently applied input voltage.
  • this scanning device which may be part of the voltmeter, the applied input voltage is sampled at predetermined times or possibly continuously. The one from the voltmeter The determined input voltage value is then multiplied by the quotient of the duration of the application of a voltage signal to the control unit (switch-on time) and the period duration of the pulse-width-modulated control signal.
  • the coil voltage value obtained is advantageously compared with a predefinable coil voltage setpoint, and from this a new switch-on time for the pulse width modulation is determined.
  • the pulse width-controlled switching device comprises a switching transistor.
  • the switching transistor is a field-effect transistor, in particular a self-blocking n-channel field-effect transistor.
  • An advantage of the use of such a field effect transistor is that it can be driven by a voltage, in this case directly via the voltage output by the control unit.
  • the control signal with adjustable pulse width for the switching device can be generated by a pulse generator.
  • the control unit transmits to the pulse generator the determined current pulse width of the control signal.
  • the pulse generator may be provided separately from the control unit, thereby reducing the complexity of the control unit.
  • control unit can directly generate the control signal with adjustable pulse width itself. This avoids the provision of a separate pulse generator.
  • the control unit of the control device advantageously has at least one data processing unit for processing data, whereby the control unit can quickly and efficiently acquire and process the data for determining the respectively current pulse width of the control signal.
  • the data processing unit comprises a microcontroller.
  • a microcontroller is inexpensive and can be easily adapted to a particular field of application.
  • a control unit has a low impedance, while a voltmeter has a high impedance.
  • the control unit comprises an impedance converter for matching the impedance of the high-impedance voltmeter to the low-impedance of the control unit.
  • a voltmeter which can be used to determine the input voltage signal of the control unit is only minimally loaded and the accuracy of the detectable measured values is increased.
  • Such an impedance converter advantageously comprises at least one operational amplifier, since this is inexpensive and versatile. Furthermore, an operational amplifier over the discrete circuit technology has the advantage that a stabilization of the operating point and a compensation of the temperature behavior is not necessary.
  • the data processing unit generally operates internally with digital signals.
  • An analog signal applied on the input side here analog measuring signal of the voltmeter for determining the input voltage signal of the control unit, should therefore be converted.
  • the data processing unit comprises an analog-to-digital converter, which converts the analog signals into digital signals for further processing in the data processing unit.
  • the switching device comprises a coil, namely the tightening and / or holding coil for actuating the voltage and / or current release.
  • a coil namely the tightening and / or holding coil for actuating the voltage and / or current release.
  • the control device has on the input side a rectifier circuit for the rectification of an AC voltage applied to the input of the control device.
  • the input voltage signal of the control device can comprise, in addition to a DC component, also AC components that can be filtered out by an advantageously provided filter circuit.
  • a Such filter circuit may be provided on the input side of the control device.
  • control device Depending on the field of application of the control device, alternative embodiments of the control device are possible. For example, it is advantageous if the method for controlling is continuously feasible if the input voltage of the control unit is subject to great fluctuations. In other circumstances, however, it may also be expedient that the method for controlling may be carried out (at random) at certain adjustable times, for example when it is foreseeable that the input voltage will only change at certain points in time. For detecting such a change, performing the method after the input voltage change is provided. The accuracy with which the control device keeps the current through a switching device constant may depend on the frequency of the control operations.
  • control device In order for the control device to be used as flexibly as possible, it proves to be advantageous if, in addition to the continuous and random control, the control can still be carried out intermittently, i. the control is performed regularly at the same time interval, wherein the time between two control operations is adjustable.
  • the time between two control operations is not greater than 150 ⁇ s, and preferably not greater than 70 ⁇ S is.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a control device according to the invention for a switching device with a holding or holding coil
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the detail of the control unit of the control device according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the determination of a new pulse width modulation on-time, which is carried out by the control unit of the control device according to FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows a voltage / time diagram of a voltage signal plotted on the switch-on time of the pulse width modulation for the control of the switching device according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a control device 1 according to the invention for a switching device.
  • the control device 1 keeps the current through a tightening or holding coil 2 for actuating a voltage or current release of the switching device approximately constant.
  • the voltage applied to the tightening / holding coil 2 is measured.
  • the current flowing through the pull-in / hold coil 2 is also kept approximately constant.
  • a switching device 3 is connected to the tightening / holding coil 2.
  • the switching device is an n-channel field-effect transistor which is connected on the drain side to the pull-in / hold coil 2 and to the control unit 4 on the gate side.
  • the switching device 3 is controlled via a control signal with adjustable Pulsbrejte. Depending on the pulse width of the control signal, the switching device 3 controls the voltage applied to the pull-in / hold coil 2 of the switching device.
  • the control signal with adjustable pulse width is generated by a control unit 4.
  • the control unit 4 compares the calculated coil voltage Us P presently applied to the tightening / holding coil 2 with a coil voltage setpoint Usp stored in the control unit 4. so ii and changes depending on the Equivalent to the pulse width of the control signal, so that the switching device 3, the coil voltage U sp at the tightening / holding coil 2 holds approximately constant.
  • the control unit 4 requires the currently applied to the control device 1 input voltage U.
  • the input voltage U is provided to the control unit 4 via a voltmeter 5, wherein a scanning device 6 for sampling the input voltage U provided can be.
  • a voltage applied to the input of the control device 1 AC voltage is converted by a rectifier circuit or filter circuit 7 into a DC voltage, wherein a conversion into a pulsating DC voltage is sufficient.
  • the DC voltage is applied to the scanning device 6 and the coil 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the control unit 4 shown only schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the control unit 4 comprises a microcontroller 8 and an operational amplifier 9.
  • the control unit 4 receives from the voltmeter 5, the instantaneous input voltage U of the control device 1, wherein the voltmeter 5 usually has a high impedance, while the microcontroller 8 has a low impedance. If the operational amplifier 9 did not adapt the impedances to one another, then the low-impedance impedance of the control unit would heavily load the high-resistance impedance of the voltage meter, which would significantly reduce the accuracy of the voltmeter 5.
  • the value of the input voltage U of the control device 1 determined by the voltmeter 5 is an analogue measured value.
  • an analog / digital converter A1 is provided at the input of the microcontroller 8.
  • the microcontroller 8 generates a new control signal with an adapted pulse width.
  • FIG. 3 shows a corresponding flow diagram of this control or regulation process
  • FIG. 4 shows a voltage / time diagram for the control signal with controllable pulse width.
  • the voltage meter 5 is used to determine the input voltage U currently applied to the control device 1 or to sample it from the scanning device 6 and to transfer it to the control unit 4.
  • the coil voltage U Sp currently applied to the tightening / holding coil 2 is calculated.
  • the input voltage value U from step 10 is multiplied by the time t On , where t On corresponds to the pulse width of the control signal.
  • this value is divided by the period tp W w ⁇ of the control signal.
  • the result of the calculation of the coil voltage U Sp is shown in FIG. 4 with a dashed line and identified at the voltage axis by Us p .
  • the coil voltage U sp is compared with the predefinable coil voltage setpoint U Sp , s o i ⁇ . This is done in a controller (see Figure 3). In response to the comparison value, the controller determines a new pulse width of PWM for the control signal of the switching device 3, so that on the pull / holding coil 2 adjacent coil voltage U Sp AQF the coil voltage desired value U Sp, is controlled soi ⁇ .
  • control signal is generated with the new pulse width PWM and forwarded to the switching device 3, as indicated in Figure 1.
  • control devices for a switching device with a Tightening and / or holding coil are still numerous further possible, in each of which an adjustable pulse width of a control signal in response to a detectable input voltage of the control device is set so that the tension on the tightening and / or holding coil and thus by this se flowing current is kept approximately constant.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

When driving a switching device with a pull-in coil and/or a holding coil (2), it is advantageous if the current through the coil (2) is approximately constant irrespective of the switching state, pulling-in or holding. In order to avoid current measurement which is complex in terms of circuitry and measurement technology or a complex control unit (8) with core value tables stored therein for the various switching states, the invention provides a control apparatus (1) for a switching device where the control apparatus (1) comprises a pulse-width-controlled switching apparatus (3) which is connected to the coil (2), and a control unit (4), which is connected to the switching apparatus (3) and generates a control signal with an adjustable pulse width, wherein the control unit (4) determines the pulse width of the control signal as a function of the input voltage signal (U) of the control unit (4) in such a way that the control apparatus (1) keeps the current through the pull-in coil and/or the holding coil (2) of the switching device approximately constant. Such a control apparatus is integrated in a switching device. In the method for controlling the current flowing through a pull-in coil and/or a holding coil (2) of the switching device, the input voltage (U) of the switching device is determined and a pulse-width-modulation signal for driving a switching apparatus is determined as a function of a predeterminable setpoint voltage value (USp,soll) of the coil voltage (USp), with the result that a switching apparatus (3) keeps the current through the pull-in coil and/or the holding coil (2) of the switching device approximately constant.

Description

Steuerungsvorrichtung für ein Schaltgerät mit Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule sowie Verfahren zum Steuern des durch die Spule fließenden Stroms Control device for a switching device with tightening and / or holding coil and method for controlling the current flowing through the coil
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Steuerungsvorrichtung für ein Schaltgerät, insbesonde- re für einen Spannungs- oder Stromauslöser, mit einer Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule umfassend eine mit der Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule verbundene, pulsbrei- tengesteuerte Schaltvorrichtung, und eine Steuereinheit, die mit der Schaltvorrichtung verbunden ist und ein Steuersignal mit einstellbarer Pulsbreite erzeugt, sowie ein Verfahren zum Steuern des durch die Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule flie- ßenden Stroms.The invention relates to a control device for a switching device, in particular for a voltage or current release, with a tightening and / or holding coil comprising a connected to the tightening and / or holding coil, pulse width-controlled switching device, and a control unit with the the switching device is connected and generates a control signal with adjustable pulse width, and a method for controlling the current flowing through the tightening and / or holding coil current.
Aus der DE 299 09 901 U1 ist eine Steuerungsvorrichtung für einen Schützantrieb bekannt, wobei die Steuerungsvorrichtung eine, seriell mit einer Antriebsspule verbundene, pulsbreitengesteuerte, elektronische Schaltvorrichtung, und eine Steuerschaltung, die ausgangsseitig mit der Schaltvorrichtung verbunden ist, um- fasst. Der Schützantrieb weist zwei aktive Schaltzustände auf, nämlich Anziehen und Halten der Spule. Hierzu werden zwei Kennwerttabellen mit Sollwerten in der Steuerschaltung hinterlegt. Zusätzlich werden für die beiden unterschiedlichen Schaltzustände zwei Schaltkreise zur Bestimmung der momentanen Antriebsspu- lenspannung eingesetzt. Die beiden ermittelten Messwerte für die Antriebsspulenspannung werden an die Steuerschaltung übergeben. Die Steuerschaltung weist zum Wandeln der Signale zwei Signaleingänge mit vorgeschalteten Analog- Digital-Wandlem auf.From DE 299 09 901 U1 a control device for a contactor drive is known, wherein the control device comprises a pulse width-controlled electronic switching device connected in series with a drive coil, and a control circuit which is connected on the output side to the switching device. The contactor drive has two active switching states, namely tightening and holding the coil. For this purpose, two characteristic value tables with setpoint values are stored in the control circuit. In addition, two circuits are used for determining the instantaneous drive coil voltage for the two different switching states. The two measured values for the drive coil voltage are transferred to the control circuit. The control circuit has two signal inputs with upstream analog-digital converters for converting the signals.
In der EP 0 789 378 A1 ist eine Steuerungsvorrichtung für einen Schützantrieb offenbart, die aus einer Reihenschaltung einer Antriebsspule, eines Schalttransistors und eines Messwiderstands zur Lieferung eines Messwertes aus dem Spulenstrom besteht. Der Messwert wird einer Steuerschaltung zugeführt, die aufgrund des Messwertes, der Eingangsspannung der Steuerungsvorrichtung und des Schaltzustands des Schützantriebs ein Steuersignal für den Schalttransistor bestimmt. Die Bestimmung eines Spulenstroms ist messtechnisch aufwändig, und die Regelung des durch die Spule fließenden Stromes ist zeitaufwändig.EP 0 789 378 A1 discloses a control device for a contactor drive which consists of a series connection of a drive coil, a switching transistor and a measuring resistor for supplying a measured value from the coil current. The measured value is fed to a control circuit, which determines a control signal for the switching transistor on the basis of the measured value, the input voltage of the control device and the switching state of the contactor drive. The determination of a coil current is metrologically complex, and the control of the current flowing through the coil is time consuming.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gegenüber dem Stand der 5 Technik vereinfachte Steuerungsvorrichtung für ein Schaltgerät, insbesondere für einen Spannungs- oder Stromauslöser, mit einer Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule bereitzustellen, die den Strom durch die Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule des Schaltgeräts annähernd konstant hält, ohne dass Kennwerttabellen in einer Steuereinheit hinterlegt werden müssen.The invention is therefore based on the object over the prior art 5 simplified control device for a switching device, in particular for a voltage or current release, with a tightening and / or holding coil to provide the current through the tightening and / or holding coil of the switching device keeps approximately constant, without characteristic tables must be stored in a control unit.
I OI O
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Steuerungsvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 dadurch gelöst, dass die Steuereinheit die Pulsbreite des Steuersignals in Abhängigkeit von dem Eingangsspannungssignal der Steuereinheit so bestimmt, dass die Steuerungsvorrichtung den Strom durch die Anzugs- und/oderThe object is achieved by a control device according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the control unit determines the pulse width of the control signal in response to the input voltage signal of the control unit so that the control device, the current through the suit and / or
15 Haltespule des Schaltgeräts annähernd konstant hält. Die Aufgabe wird für ein Schaltgerät nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 19 dahingehend gelöst, dass die Steuereinheit die Pulsbreite des Steuersignals in Abhängigkeit von dem Eingangsspannungssignal der Steuereinheit so bestimmt, dass die Steuerungsvorrichtung den Strom durch die Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule des Schaltgeräts an- 0 nähernd konstant hält. Die Aufgabe wird weiter durch ein Verfahren zum Steuern des durch eine Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule eines Schaltgeräts fließenden Stroms dadurch gelöst, dass die Eingangsspannung des Schaltgeräts ermittelt und in Abhängigkeit von einem vorgebbaren Spannungssollwert der Spulenspannung ein Pulsweitenmodulationssignal zum Ansteuern einer Schaltvorrichtung so5 bestimmt wird, dass die Schaltvorrichtung den Strom durch die Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule des Schaltgeräts annähernd konstant hält.15 holding coil of the switching device keeps approximately constant. The object is achieved for a switching device according to the preamble of claim 19 in that the control unit determines the pulse width of the control signal in response to the input voltage signal of the control unit so that the control device to the current through the tightening and / or holding coil of the switching device 0 keeps approaching constant. The object is further achieved by a method for controlling the current flowing through a starting and / or holding coil of a switching device, in that the input voltage of the switching device is determined and a pulse width modulation signal for driving a switching device is determined in dependence on a predefinable voltage setpoint of the coil voltage, that the switching device keeps the current through the tightening and / or holding coil of the switching device approximately constant.
Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert. 0 Die erfindungsgemäße Steuerungsvorrichtung hält somit mittels einer Spannungsmessung den Strom durch das Schaltgerät annähernd konstant. Ein Sollwert für die an der Spule des Schaltgeräts anliegende Spannung kann der Steuerungsvorrichtung in Abhängigkeit von der Art des Schaltgeräts vorgegeben wer- den. Weist das Schaltgerät als Spannungs- oder Stromauslöser eine Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule auf und ist die Eingangsspannung der Steuerungsvorrichtung eine Gleichspannung oder eine Wechselspannung, so wird der Strom durch das Schaltgerät auf einen annähernd konstanten Wert eingeregelt. Dies wird durch eine annähernd konstante Spulenspannung erreicht und erweist sich aufgrund des geringeren Schaltungsaufwands im Vergleich zu einer Strommessung zum Einregeln eines konstanten Spulenstroms als sehr vorteilhaft.Further developments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. 0 The control device according to the invention thus holds by means of a voltage measurement, the current through the switching device approximately constant. A nominal value for the voltage applied to the coil of the switching device can be specified to the control device as a function of the type of switching device. the. If the switching device has a pull-in and / or holding coil as the voltage or current release, and if the input voltage of the control device is a DC voltage or an AC voltage, then the current through the switching device is regulated to an approximately constant value. This is achieved by an approximately constant coil voltage and proves to be very advantageous because of the lower circuit complexity compared to a current measurement for adjusting a constant coil current.
Die Steuerungsvorrichtung regelt die Spannung an der Spule des Schaltgeräts so, dass sie unabhängig vom Schaltzustand, Anziehen oder Halten der Spule, des Schaltgeräts der vorgegebenen Spulensollspannung entspricht.The control device regulates the voltage across the coil of the switching device so that it corresponds to the predetermined coil nominal voltage regardless of the switching state, tightening or holding the coil, the switching device.
Das Steuersignal mit regelbarer Pulsbreite für die Schaltvorrichtung wird von einer Steuereinheit erzeugt. Die Steuereinheit ist eingangsseitig z.B. mit einem Span- nungsmesser zum Erfassen der Höhe des Eingangsspannungssignals verbunden, der der Steuereinheit ein aktuelles Eingangsspannungssignal übermittelt. In Abhängigkeit von dem übermittelten Eingangsspannungssignal ermittelt die Steuereinheit ein aktuelles Steuersignal mit einer aktuellen Pulsbreite, so dass die Schaltvorrichtung die Spulenspannung an der Spule des Schaltgeräts annähernd konstant hält.The control signal with adjustable pulse width for the switching device is generated by a control unit. The control unit is input side, e.g. connected to a voltage meter for detecting the level of the input voltage signal, which transmits a current input voltage signal to the control unit. In response to the transmitted input voltage signal, the control unit determines a current control signal with a current pulse width, so that the switching device keeps the coil voltage at the coil of the switching device approximately constant.
Vorteilhaft hält die Steuerungsvorrichtung unabhängig von dem Schaltzustand des Schaltgeräts (Anzugsvorgang oder Haltebetrieb) die Spannung an dem bzw. den Strom durch das Schaltgerät konstant. Eine aufwendige Messung des Stroms, der durch das Schaltgerät fließt, wird dadurch vermieden.Advantageously, the control device, regardless of the switching state of the switching device (tightening operation or holding operation), the voltage across the or the current through the switching device constant. A complex measurement of the current flowing through the switching device is thereby avoided.
Damit die Steuerungsvorrichtung den durch die Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule des Schaltgeräts fließenden Strom konstant halten kann, wird vorteilhaft die aktuell an dem Schaltgerät anliegende Spulenspannung ermittelt. Vorteilhaft ist zumindest eine Abtasteinrichtung zum Abtasten der jeweils aktuell anliegenden Eingangsspannung vorgesehen. Mittels dieser Abtasteinrichtung, die Teil des Spannungsmessers sein kann, wird die anliegende Eingangsspannung zu vorbestimmbaren Zeitpunkten oder ggf. kontinuierlich abgetastet. Der von dem Spannungsmesser ermittelte Eingangsspannungswert wird dann mit dem Quotienten aus der Dauer des Anliegens eines Spannungssignals an der Steuereinheit (Einschaltzeit) und der Periodendauer des pulsweitenmodulierten Steuersignals multipliziert. Der erhaltene Spulenspannungswert wird vorteilhaft mit einem vorgebbaren Spulen- Spannungssollwert verglichen und hieraus eine neue Einschaltzeit für die Pulsweitenmodulation ermittelt.So that the control device can keep constant the current flowing through the starting and / or holding coil of the switching device, the coil voltage currently applied to the switching device is advantageously determined. Advantageously, at least one scanning device is provided for scanning the respectively currently applied input voltage. By means of this scanning device, which may be part of the voltmeter, the applied input voltage is sampled at predetermined times or possibly continuously. The one from the voltmeter The determined input voltage value is then multiplied by the quotient of the duration of the application of a voltage signal to the control unit (switch-on time) and the period duration of the pulse-width-modulated control signal. The coil voltage value obtained is advantageously compared with a predefinable coil voltage setpoint, and from this a new switch-on time for the pulse width modulation is determined.
Vorteilhaft umfasst die pulsbreitengesteuerte Schaltvorrichtung einen Schalttransistor. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei dem Schalttran- sistor um einen Feldeffekttransistor, insbesondere einen selbstsperrenden n- Kanal-Feldeffekttransistor. Vorteilhaft an dem Einsatz eines solchen Feldeffekttransistors ist, dass er über eine Spannung angesteuert werden kann, in diesem Fall direkt über die von der Steuereinheit ausgegebene Spannung.Advantageously, the pulse width-controlled switching device comprises a switching transistor. In an advantageous embodiment, the switching transistor is a field-effect transistor, in particular a self-blocking n-channel field-effect transistor. An advantage of the use of such a field effect transistor is that it can be driven by a voltage, in this case directly via the voltage output by the control unit.
Das Steuersignal mit regelbarer Pulsbreite für die Schaltvorrichtung kann von einem Pulsgenerator erzeugt werden. Hierbei übermittelt die Steuereinheit dem Pulsgenerator die ermittelte aktuelle Pulsbreite des Steuersignals. Der Pulsgenerator kann getrennt von der Steuereinheit vorgesehen werden, wodurch die Komplexität der Steuereinheit reduziert wird.The control signal with adjustable pulse width for the switching device can be generated by a pulse generator. In this case, the control unit transmits to the pulse generator the determined current pulse width of the control signal. The pulse generator may be provided separately from the control unit, thereby reducing the complexity of the control unit.
Alternativ ist es möglich, den Pulsgenerator in die Steuereinheit zu integrieren, wodurch die Steuereinheit das Steuersignal mit regelbarer Pulsbreite selbst direkt erzeugen kann. Dadurch wird das Vorsehen eines getrennten Pulsgenerators vermieden.Alternatively, it is possible to integrate the pulse generator in the control unit, whereby the control unit can directly generate the control signal with adjustable pulse width itself. This avoids the provision of a separate pulse generator.
Die Steuereinheit der Steuerungsvorrichtung weist vorteilhaft zumindest eine Datenverarbeitungseinheit zum Verarbeiten von Daten auf, wodurch die Steuereinheit die Daten zur Bestimmung der jeweils aktuellen Pulsbreite des Steuersignals schnell und effizient erfassen und verarbeiten kann. Besonders vorteilhaft umfasst die Datenverarbeitungseinheit einen Mikrokontroller. Ein solcher Mikrokontroller ist kostengünstig und kann problemlos an ein jeweiliges Anwendungsgebiet an- gepasst werden. Im Allgemeinen weist eine Steuereinheit eine niederohmige Impedanz auf, während ein Spannungsmesser eine hochohmige Impedanz aufweist. Aus diesem Grund erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, wenn die Steuereinheit einen Impedanzwandler zur Anpassung der Impedanz des hochohmigen Spannungsmessers an die niederohmige Impedanz der Steuereinheit umfasst. Dadurch wird ein zum Ermitteln des Eingangsspannungssignals der Steuereinheit verwendbarer Spannungsmesser nur minimal belastet und die Genauigkeit der erfassbaren Messwerte wird erhöht.The control unit of the control device advantageously has at least one data processing unit for processing data, whereby the control unit can quickly and efficiently acquire and process the data for determining the respectively current pulse width of the control signal. Particularly advantageously, the data processing unit comprises a microcontroller. Such a microcontroller is inexpensive and can be easily adapted to a particular field of application. In general, a control unit has a low impedance, while a voltmeter has a high impedance. For this reason, it proves to be advantageous if the control unit comprises an impedance converter for matching the impedance of the high-impedance voltmeter to the low-impedance of the control unit. As a result, a voltmeter which can be used to determine the input voltage signal of the control unit is only minimally loaded and the accuracy of the detectable measured values is increased.
Solch ein Impedanzwandler umfasst vorteilhaft zumindest einen Operationsverstärker, da dieser kostengünstig und vielseitig einsetzbar ist. Weiterhin hat ein Operationsverstärker gegenüber der diskreten Schaltungstechnik den Vorteil, dass eine Stabilisierung des Arbeitspunktes und eine Kompensation des Temperaturverhaltens nicht notwendig ist.Such an impedance converter advantageously comprises at least one operational amplifier, since this is inexpensive and versatile. Furthermore, an operational amplifier over the discrete circuit technology has the advantage that a stabilization of the operating point and a compensation of the temperature behavior is not necessary.
Die Datenverarbeitungseinheit arbeitet im Allgemeinen intern mit digitalen Signalen. Ein eingangsseitig anliegendes Analogsignal, hier analoges Messsignal des Spannungsmessers zum Ermitteln des Eingangsspannungssignals der Steuereinheit, sollte daher gewandelt werden. Hierzu umfasst die Datenverarbeitungs- einheit einen Analog-Digital-Wandler, der die analogen Signale in digitale Signale zur Weiterverarbeitung in der Datenverarbeitungseinheit umwandelt.The data processing unit generally operates internally with digital signals. An analog signal applied on the input side, here analog measuring signal of the voltmeter for determining the input voltage signal of the control unit, should therefore be converted. For this purpose, the data processing unit comprises an analog-to-digital converter, which converts the analog signals into digital signals for further processing in the data processing unit.
Das Schaltgerät umfasst eine Spule, nämlich die Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule zur Betätigung des Spannungs- und/oder Stromauslösers. Bei einer eingangsseitig anliegenden Wechselspannung ist es daher vorteilhaft, wenn die Steuerungsvorrichtung eingangsseitig eine Gleichrichterschaltung zum GJeichrichten einer an dem Eingang der Steuerungsvorrichtung anliegenden Wechselspannung aufweist.The switching device comprises a coil, namely the tightening and / or holding coil for actuating the voltage and / or current release. In the case of an AC voltage present on the input side, it is therefore advantageous if the control device has on the input side a rectifier circuit for the rectification of an AC voltage applied to the input of the control device.
Ferner kann das Eingangsspannungssignal der Steuerungsvorrichtung neben einem Gleichspannungsanteil auch Wechselspannungsanteile umfassen, die von einer vorteilhaft vorgesehenen Filterschaltung ausgefiltert werden können. Eine solche Filterschaltung kann eingangsseitig der Steuerungsvorrichtung vorgesehen sein.Furthermore, the input voltage signal of the control device can comprise, in addition to a DC component, also AC components that can be filtered out by an advantageously provided filter circuit. A Such filter circuit may be provided on the input side of the control device.
Abhängig vom Einsatzgebiet der Steuerungsvorrichtung sind alternative Ausfüh- rungsformen der Steuerungsvorrichtung möglich. So ist es zum Beispiel vorteilhaft, wenn das Verfahren zum Steuern kontinuierlich durchführbar ist, wenn die Eingangsspannung der Steuereinheit starken Schwankungen unterliegt. Unter anderen Umständen kann es jedoch auch sinnvoll sein, dass das Verfahren zum Steuern zu bestimmten einstellbaren Zeitpunkten (wahlfrei) durchführbar ist, zum Beispiel, wenn vorhersehbar ist, dass sich die Eingangsspannung nur zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten ändert. Für das Erfassen einer solchen Änderung ist ein Durchführen des Verfahrens nach der Eingangsspannungsänderung vorgesehen. Die Genauigkeit, mit der die Steuerungsvorrichtung den Strom durch ein Schaltgerät konstant hält, kann von der Häufigkeit der Steuervorgänge abhängen. Damit die Steuerungsvorrichtung möglichst flexibel einsetzbar ist, erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, wenn die Steuerung zusätzlich zur kontinuierlichen und wahlfreien Steuerung noch intermittierend durchführbar ist, d.h. die Steuerung wird regelmäßig im gleichen Zeitabstand durchgeführt, wobei die Zeit zwischen zwei Steuervorgängen einstellbar ist.Depending on the field of application of the control device, alternative embodiments of the control device are possible. For example, it is advantageous if the method for controlling is continuously feasible if the input voltage of the control unit is subject to great fluctuations. In other circumstances, however, it may also be expedient that the method for controlling may be carried out (at random) at certain adjustable times, for example when it is foreseeable that the input voltage will only change at certain points in time. For detecting such a change, performing the method after the input voltage change is provided. The accuracy with which the control device keeps the current through a switching device constant may depend on the frequency of the control operations. In order for the control device to be used as flexibly as possible, it proves to be advantageous if, in addition to the continuous and random control, the control can still be carried out intermittently, i. the control is performed regularly at the same time interval, wherein the time between two control operations is adjustable.
Vorausgesetzt, dass die Genauigkeit des Haltens des Stroms durch die Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule des Schaltgeräts unter anderem von der Häufigkeit abhängt, mit der die Steuerung durchgeführt wird, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Zeit zwischen zwei Steuervorgängen nicht größer als 150μs und vorzugsweise nicht größer als 70 μS ist.Given that the accuracy of holding the current through the pull-in and / or holding coil of the switching device depends, inter alia, on the frequency with which the control is performed, it is advantageous if the time between two control operations is not greater than 150μs, and preferably not greater than 70 μS is.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Diese zeigen in:The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. These show in:
Figur 1 ein Schaltdiagramm einer erfindungsgemäßen Steuerungsvorrichtung für ein Schaltgerät mit einer Anzugs- bzw. Haltespule, Figur 2 ein Schaltdiagramm des Details der Steuereinheit der Steuerungsvorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 ,1 shows a circuit diagram of a control device according to the invention for a switching device with a holding or holding coil, FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the detail of the control unit of the control device according to FIG. 1,
Figur 3 ein Ablaufdiagramm der Ermittlung einer neuen Pulsweitenmodulati- onseinschaltzeit, die von der Steuereinheit der Steuerungsvorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 durchgeführt wird, undFIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the determination of a new pulse width modulation on-time, which is carried out by the control unit of the control device according to FIG
Figur 4 ein Spannungs-/Zeit-Diagramm eines Spannungssignals, aufgetragen auf der Einschaltzeit der Pulsweitenmodulation für die Steue- rung der Schaltvorrichtung gemäß Figur 1.4 shows a voltage / time diagram of a voltage signal plotted on the switch-on time of the pulse width modulation for the control of the switching device according to FIG. 1.
In Figur 1 ist eine erfindungsgemäße Steuerungsvorrichtung 1 für ein Schaltgerät dargestellt. Die Steuerungsvorrichtung 1 hält den Strom durch eine Anzugs- bzw. Haltespule 2 zur Betätigung eines Spannungs- bzw. Stromauslösers des Schalt- geräts annähernd konstant. Um eine aufwändige Messung des Stroms, der durch die Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule 2 fließt, zu vermeiden, wird erfindungsgemäß die Spannung, die an der Anzugs-/Haltespule 2 anliegt, gemessen. Durch ein annäherndes Konstanthalten der Spannung an der Anzugs-/Haltespule, unabhängig davon, ob eine AC- oder DC- Eingangsspannung vorliegt, wird auch der Strom, der durch die Anzugs-/Haltespule 2 fließt, annähernd konstant gehalten. Damit die Steuerungsvorrichtung 1 die an der Anzugs-/Haltespule 2 anliegende Spannung annähernd konstant halten kann, ist mit der Anzugs-/Haltespule 2 eine Schaltvorrichtung 3 verbunden. In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Schaltvorrichtung ein n-Kanal-Feldeffekttransistor, welcher drainseitig mit der Anzugs-/ Halte- spule 2 und gateseitig mit der Steuereinheit 4 verbunden ist. Die Schaltvorrichtung 3 wird über ein Steuersignal mit einstellbarer Pulsbrejte angesteuert. In Abhängigkeit von der Pulsbreite des Steuersignals steuert die Schaltvorrichtung 3 die an der Anzugs-/Haltespule 2 des Schaltgeräts anliegende Spannung. Das Steuersignal mit einstellbarer Pulsbreite wird von einer Steuereinheit 4 erzeugt.FIG. 1 shows a control device 1 according to the invention for a switching device. The control device 1 keeps the current through a tightening or holding coil 2 for actuating a voltage or current release of the switching device approximately constant. In order to avoid a complex measurement of the current flowing through the tightening and / or holding coil 2, according to the invention the voltage applied to the tightening / holding coil 2 is measured. By keeping the voltage on the pull-in / hold coil approximately constant, regardless of whether there is an AC or DC input voltage, the current flowing through the pull-in / hold coil 2 is also kept approximately constant. In order for the control device 1 to hold the voltage applied to the tightening / holding coil 2 approximately constant, a switching device 3 is connected to the tightening / holding coil 2. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the switching device is an n-channel field-effect transistor which is connected on the drain side to the pull-in / hold coil 2 and to the control unit 4 on the gate side. The switching device 3 is controlled via a control signal with adjustable Pulsbrejte. Depending on the pulse width of the control signal, the switching device 3 controls the voltage applied to the pull-in / hold coil 2 of the switching device. The control signal with adjustable pulse width is generated by a control unit 4.
Die Steuereinheit 4 vergleicht die momentan an der Anzugs-/Haltespule 2 anliegende, berechnete Spulenspannung UsP mit einem in der Steuereinheit 4 hinterlegten Spulenspannungssollwert Usp.soii und ändert in Abhängigkeit von dem Ver- gleichswert die Pulsbreite des Steuersignals, so dass die Schaltvorrichtung 3 die Spulenspannung USp an der Anzugs-/Haltespule 2 annähernd konstant hält. Zum Vergleich mit dem Spulenspannungssollwert USp.soiι benötigt die Steuereinheit 4 die momentan an der Steuerungsvorrichtung 1 anliegende Eingangsspannung U. Die Eingangsspannung U wird der Steuereinheit 4 über einen Spannungsmesser 5 zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei eine Abtasteinrichtung 6 zum Abtasten der Eingangsspannung U vorgesehen sein kann.The control unit 4 compares the calculated coil voltage Us P presently applied to the tightening / holding coil 2 with a coil voltage setpoint Usp stored in the control unit 4. so ii and changes depending on the Equivalent to the pulse width of the control signal, so that the switching device 3, the coil voltage U sp at the tightening / holding coil 2 holds approximately constant. For comparison with the coil voltage setpoint U Sp .s o iι, the control unit 4 requires the currently applied to the control device 1 input voltage U. The input voltage U is provided to the control unit 4 via a voltmeter 5, wherein a scanning device 6 for sampling the input voltage U provided can be.
Eine am Eingang der Steuerungsvorrichtung 1 anliegende Wechselspannung wird durch eine Gleichrichterschaltung bzw. Filterschaltung 7 in eine Gleichspannung umgewandelt, wobei eine Umwandlung in eine pulsierende Gleichspannung ausreichend ist. Die Gleichspannung liegt an der Abtasteinrichtung 6 sowie der Spule 2 an.A voltage applied to the input of the control device 1 AC voltage is converted by a rectifier circuit or filter circuit 7 into a DC voltage, wherein a conversion into a pulsating DC voltage is sufficient. The DC voltage is applied to the scanning device 6 and the coil 2.
Figur 2 stellt ein Schaltdiagramm der in Figur 1 nur schematisch dargestellten Steuereinheit 4 dar. Die Steuereinheit 4 umfasst einen MikroController 8 und einen Operationsverstärker 9. Der Operationsverstärker 9, der zwischen dem Eingang der Steuereinheit 4 und dem MikroController 8 geschaltet ist, erfüllt die Funktion eines Impedanzwandlers. Die Steuereinheit 4 erhält von dem Spannungsmesser 5 die momentane Eingangsspannung U der Steuerungsvorrichtung 1 , wobei der Spannungsmesser 5 zumeist eine hochohmige Impedanz aufweist, während der Mikrocontroller 8 eine niederohmige Impedanz aufweist. Würde der Operationsverstärker 9 nicht die Impedanzen aneinander anpassen, so würde die niederohmige Impedanz der Steuereinheit die hochohmige Impedanz des Spannungsmes- sers stark belasten, wodurch die Genauigkeit des Spannungsmessers 5 deutlich verringert würde.FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the control unit 4 shown only schematically in FIG. 1. The control unit 4 comprises a microcontroller 8 and an operational amplifier 9. The operational amplifier 9, which is connected between the input of the control unit 4 and the microcontroller 8, fulfills the function of FIG impedance converter. The control unit 4 receives from the voltmeter 5, the instantaneous input voltage U of the control device 1, wherein the voltmeter 5 usually has a high impedance, while the microcontroller 8 has a low impedance. If the operational amplifier 9 did not adapt the impedances to one another, then the low-impedance impedance of the control unit would heavily load the high-resistance impedance of the voltage meter, which would significantly reduce the accuracy of the voltmeter 5.
Bei dem von dem Spannungsmesser 5 ermittelten Wert der Eingangsspannung U der Steuerungsvorrichtung 1 handelt es sich um einen analogen Messwert. Um diesen analogen Messwert an die digitale Weiterverarbeitung in dem Mikrocontroller 8 anzupassen, ist am Eingang des Mikrocontrollers 8 ein Analog/Digitalwandler A1 vorgesehen. Mit Hilfe des digitalisierten Wertes der Eingangsspannung der Steuerungsvorrichtung 1 ,der vorhandenen Zeit ton der Puls- weitenmodulation (=Pulsweitenmodulations-Einschaltzeit) und der Periodendauer tpwM (=Pulsweitenmodulationszeit) bestimmt der Mikrocontroller 8 die momentan an der Anzugs-/Haltespule 2 anliegende Spulenspannung USp, welche der Mikrocontroller 8 mit einem hinterlegten Spulenspannungssollwert USp,soiι ver- gleicht. In Abhängigkeit von dem Vergleichswert erzeugt der Mikrocontroller 8 ein neues Steuersignal mit einer angepassten Pulsbreite.The value of the input voltage U of the control device 1 determined by the voltmeter 5 is an analogue measured value. In order to adapt this analog measured value to the digital further processing in the microcontroller 8, an analog / digital converter A1 is provided at the input of the microcontroller 8. With the aid of the digitized value of the input voltage of the control device 1, the available time to n of the pulse wide modulation (= pulse width modulation on-time) and the period tpwM (= pulse width modulation time) determines the microcontroller 8 currently applied to the pull-in / hold coil 2 coil voltage U Sp , which the microcontroller 8 with a stored coil voltage setpoint U Sp, so iι compares. Depending on the comparison value, the microcontroller 8 generates a new control signal with an adapted pulse width.
Figur 3 zeigt ein entsprechendes Ablaufdiagramm dieses Steuerungs- bzw. Regelungsvorgangs und Figur 4 zeigt ein Spannungs-/Zeitdiagramm für das Steuersig- nal mit regelbarer Pulsbreite. In einem ersten Schritt 10 wird von dem Spannungsmesser 5 die momentan an der Steuerungsvorrichtung 1 anliegende Eingangsspannung U bestimmt bzw. von der Abtasteinrichtung 6 abgetastet und an die Steuereinheit 4 übergeben. Im zweiten Schritt 11 wird die momentan an der Anzugs-/Haltespule 2 anliegende Spulenspannung USp berechnet. Dazu wird der Eingangsspannungswert U aus Schritt 10 mit der Zeit tOn multipliziert, wobei tOn der Pulsbreite des Steuersignals entspricht. Um die momentan an der Anzugs-/ Haltespule 2 anliegende Spulenspannung zu erhalten, wird dieser Wert durch die Periodendauer tpWwι des Steuersignals dividiert. Graphisch ist das Ergebnis der Berechnung der Spulenspannung USp in Figur 4 mit einer gestrichelten Linie dar- gestellt und an der Spannungsachse durch Usp kenntlich gemacht.FIG. 3 shows a corresponding flow diagram of this control or regulation process, and FIG. 4 shows a voltage / time diagram for the control signal with controllable pulse width. In a first step 10, the voltage meter 5 is used to determine the input voltage U currently applied to the control device 1 or to sample it from the scanning device 6 and to transfer it to the control unit 4. In the second step 11, the coil voltage U Sp currently applied to the tightening / holding coil 2 is calculated. For this purpose, the input voltage value U from step 10 is multiplied by the time t On , where t On corresponds to the pulse width of the control signal. In order to obtain the coil voltage currently applied to the pull-in / hold coil 2, this value is divided by the period tp W wι of the control signal. Graphically, the result of the calculation of the coil voltage U Sp is shown in FIG. 4 with a dashed line and identified at the voltage axis by Us p .
In dem nächsten Schritt 12 wird die Spulenspannung USp mit dem vorgebbaren Spulenspannungssollwert USp,soiι verglichen. Dies erfolgt in einem Regler (siehe Figur 3). In Abhängigkeit von dem Vergleichswert bestimmt der Regler eine neue Pulsbreite PWM für das Steuersignal der Schaltvorrichtung 3, damit die an der Anzugs-/Haltespule 2 anliegende Spulenspannung USp aqf den Spulenspannungssollwert USp,soiι eingeregelt wird.In the next step 12, the coil voltage U sp is compared with the predefinable coil voltage setpoint U Sp , s o iι. This is done in a controller (see Figure 3). In response to the comparison value, the controller determines a new pulse width of PWM for the control signal of the switching device 3, so that on the pull / holding coil 2 adjacent coil voltage U Sp AQF the coil voltage desired value U Sp, is controlled soiι.
Im letzten Schritt 13 wird das Steuersignal mit der neuen Pulsbreite PWM erzeugt und an die Schaltvorrichtung 3 weitergeleitet, wie in Figur 1 angedeutet.In the last step 13, the control signal is generated with the new pulse width PWM and forwarded to the switching device 3, as indicated in Figure 1.
Neben den im Vorstehenden beschriebenen und in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen von Steuerungsvorrichtungen für ein Schaltgerät mit einer Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule sind noch zahlreiche weitere möglich, bei denen jeweils eine einstellbare Pulsbreite eines Steuersignals in Abhängigkeit von einer erfassbaren Eingangsspannung der Steuerungsvorrichtung so eingestellt wird, dass die Spannung an der Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule und somit der durch die- se fließende Strom annähernd konstant gehalten wird. In addition to the embodiments described above and shown in the figures of control devices for a switching device with a Tightening and / or holding coil are still numerous further possible, in each of which an adjustable pulse width of a control signal in response to a detectable input voltage of the control device is set so that the tension on the tightening and / or holding coil and thus by this se flowing current is kept approximately constant.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) für ein Schaltgerät, insbesondere für einen Spannungs- oder Stromauslöser, mit einer Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule (2),umfassend eine mit der Spule (2) verbundene, pulsbreitengesteuerte1. Control device (1) for a switching device, in particular for a voltage or current release, with a tightening and / or holding coil (2), comprising one with the coil (2) connected, pulse width controlled
Schaltvorrichtung (3), und eine Steuereinheit (4), die mit der Schaltvorrichtung (3) verbunden ist und ein Steuersignal mit einstellbarer Pulsbreite erzeugt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (4) die Pulsbreite des Steuersignals in Abhängigkeit von dem Eingangsspannungssignal (U) der Steuereinheit (4) so bestimmt, dass die Steuerungsvorrichtung (1) denSwitching device (3), and a control unit (4) which is connected to the switching device (3) and generates a control signal with adjustable pulse width, characterized in that the control unit (4) the pulse width of the control signal in dependence on the input voltage signal (U) the control unit (4) so determined that the control device (1) the
Strom durch die Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule (2) des Schaltgeräts annähernd konstant hält.Current through the tightening and / or holding coil (2) of the switching device keeps approximately constant.
2. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Spannungsmesser (5) die an der Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) anliegende Spannung misst.2. Control device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a voltmeter (5) measures the voltage applied to the control device (1).
3. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Abtasteinrichtung (6) zum Abtasten des Eingangsspan- nungssignals vorgesehen ist.3. Control device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a scanning device (6) is provided for sensing the input voltage signal.
4. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die pulsbreitengesteuerte Schaltvorrichtung (3) einen Schalttransistor umfasst.4. Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pulse width-controlled switching device (3) comprises a switching transistor.
5. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schalttransistor ein Feldeffekttransistor (3), insbesondere ein selbstsperrender n-Kanal-Feldeffekttransistor (3) ist.5. Control device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the switching transistor is a field effect transistor (3), in particular a self-locking n-channel field effect transistor (3).
6. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Pulsgenerator das Steuersignal mit regelbarer Pulsbreite erzeugt. 6. Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pulse generator generates the control signal with adjustable pulse width.
7. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (4) das Steuersignal mit regelbarer Pulsbreite erzeugt.7. Control device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the control unit (4) generates the control signal with adjustable pulse width.
8. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (4) wenigstens eine Datenverarbeitungseinheit (8) zum Verarbeiten von Daten umfasst.8. Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (4) comprises at least one data processing unit (8) for processing data.
9. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Datenverarbeitungseinheit (8) einen Mikrocontroller (8) umfasst.9. Control device (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the data processing unit (8) comprises a microcontroller (8).
10. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (4) einen Impedanzwandler (9) zur Anpassung der Impedanz des hochohmigen Spannungsmessers (5) an die niederohmige Impedanz der Steuereinheit (4) umfasst.10. Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (4) comprises an impedance converter (9) for adjusting the impedance of the high-impedance voltmeter (5) to the low-impedance of the control unit (4).
11. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Impedanzwandler (9) der Steuereinheit (4) wenigstens einen Operationsverstärker (9) umfasst.11. Control device (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the impedance converter (9) of the control unit (4) comprises at least one operational amplifier (9).
12. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Datenverarbeitungseinheit (8) eingangsseitig einen Analog-Digital-Wandler (A1 ) zum Wandeln des analogen Messsignals des Spannungsmessers (5) in ein digitales Signal zur Weiterverarbeitung in der Datenverarbeitungseinheit (8) aufweist.12. Control device (1) according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the data processing unit (8) on the input side, an analog-to-digital converter (A1) for converting the analog measuring signal of the voltmeter (5) into a digital signal for further processing in the data processing unit (8).
13. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Gleichrichterschaltung (7) zum Gleichrichten einer an dem Eingang der Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) anliegenden Wechsel- Spannung vorgesehen ist.13. Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rectifier circuit (7) for rectifying a voltage applied to the input of the control device (1) is provided.
14. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Filterschaltung (7) zum Ausfiltern von Wechsel- Spannungsanteilen aus dem Eingangssignal der Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) vorgesehen ist.14. Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a filter circuit (7) for filtering alternating Voltage shares from the input signal of the control device (1) is provided.
15. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zeitraum zwischen zwei Steuervorgängen nicht größer als 150 μs ist und vorzugsweise nicht größer als 70 μs.15. Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the period between two control operations is not greater than 150 microseconds, and preferably not greater than 70 microseconds.
16. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) für ein Schaltgerät nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (4) die Span- nung des Schaltgeräts dadurch bestimmt, dass sie aus einem ermittelteten16. Control device (1) for a switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (4) determines the voltage of the switching device in that it is determined from a
Eingangsspannungssignal (U) der Steuereinheit (4) unter Berücksichtigung einer Pulsweitenmodulationszeit (tPWM) eine Momentanspulenspannung (USp) an der Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule (2) ermittelt und aus der Momentanspulenspannung (USp) eine aktuelle Pulsweitenmodulations- Einschaltzeit (ton) einstellt.Input voltage signal (U) of the control unit (4) taking into account a pulse width modulation time (t PWM ) determines a instantaneous coil voltage (U S p) on the starting and / or holding coil (2) and from the instantaneous coil voltage (U S p) a current pulse width modulation on-time (to n ) stops.
17. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Datenverarbeitungseinheit (8) der Steuereinheit (4) die Spannung (Usp) der Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule (2) des Schaltgeräts mit ei- nem vorgebbaren Spulenspannungssollwert (Usp,soiι) vergleicht und daraus die aktuelle Pulsweitenmodulations-Einschaltzeit (tOn) für das Ausgangssignal der Steuereinheit (4) ermittelt.17. Control device (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that a data processing unit (8) of the control unit (4) the voltage (Usp) of the tightening and / or holding coil (2) of the switching device with a n predetermined coil voltage setpoint (Us p , s o iι) and from this the current pulse width modulation turn-on time (t On ) for the output signal of the control unit (4) is determined.
18. Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spulenspannungssollwert (Usp,Soiι) nicht größer ist als der minimale Wert der Eingangsspannung (U) der Steuerungsvprrichtung (1 ).18. Control device (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that the coil voltage setpoint (Us p, So iι) is not greater than the minimum value of the input voltage (U) of the Steuerungsvprrichtung (1).
19. Schaltgerät mit einer integrierten Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) umfassend eine pulsbreitengesteuerte Schaltvorrichtung (3), und eine Steuereinheit (4), die mit der Schaltvorrichtung (3) verbunden ist und ein Steuersignal mit einstellbarer Pulsbreite erzeugt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (4) die Pulsbreite des Steuersignals in Abhängigkeit von dem Eingangsspannungssignal (U) der Steuereinheit (4) so bestimmt, dass die Steuerungsvorrichtung (1 ) den Strom durch die Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule (2) des Schaltgeräts annähernd konstant hält.19. Switching device with an integrated control device (1) comprising a pulse width-controlled switching device (3), and a control unit (4) which is connected to the switching device (3) and generates a control signal with adjustable pulse width, characterized in that the control unit (4 ) determines the pulse width of the control signal in dependence on the input voltage signal (U) of the control unit (4) so that the Control device (1) keeps the current through the tightening and / or holding coil (2) of the switching device approximately constant.
20. Verfahren zum Steuern des durch eine Anzugs- und/oder Haltespule (2) eines Schaltgeräts fließenden Stroms, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die20. A method for controlling the current flowing through a tightening and / or holding coil (2) of a switching device current, characterized in that the
Eingangsspannung (U) des Schaltgeräts ermittelt und in Abhängigkeit von einem vorgebbaren Spannungssollwert (USp,soiι) der Spulenspannung (USp) ein Pulsweitenmodulationssignal zum Ansteuern einer Schaltvorrichtung so bestimmt wird, dass eine Schaltvorrichtung (3) den Strom durch die An- zugs- und/oder Haltespule (2) des Schaltgeräts annähernd konstant hält.Input voltage (U) of the switching device determined and in response to a predetermined voltage setpoint (U S p, soiι) of the coil voltage (U Sp ) a pulse width modulation signal for driving a switching device is determined so that a switching device (3) the current through the train - And / or holding coil (2) of the switching device holds approximately constant.
21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren kontinuierlich durchgeführt wird.21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the method is carried out continuously.
22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren zu einstellbaren Zeitpunkten durchgeführt wird.22. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the method is carried out at adjustable times.
23. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren intermittierend durchgeführt wird.23. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the method is carried out intermittently.
24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 22 oder 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zeitraum zwischen zwei Steuervorgängen nicht größer als 150 μs ist und vorzugsweise nicht größer als 70 μs. 24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the period between two control operations is not greater than 150 microseconds and preferably not greater than 70 microseconds.
EP08735197.9A 2007-07-09 2008-04-12 Control apparatus for a switching device with a pull-in coil and/or a holding coil and method for controlling the current flowing through the coil Not-in-force EP2171739B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007031995A DE102007031995A1 (en) 2007-07-09 2007-07-09 Control device for a switching device with tightening and / or holding coil and method for controlling the current flowing through the coil
PCT/EP2008/002909 WO2009006952A2 (en) 2007-07-09 2008-04-12 Control apparatus for a switching device with a pull-in coil and/or a holding coil and method for controlling the current flowing through the coil

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EP2171739A2 true EP2171739A2 (en) 2010-04-07
EP2171739B1 EP2171739B1 (en) 2015-08-26

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US (1) US20100289603A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2171739B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4991936B2 (en)
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CA (1) CA2693408A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2009006952A2 (en)

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WO2009006952A3 (en) 2009-03-12
US20100289603A1 (en) 2010-11-18
WO2009006952A2 (en) 2009-01-15
EP2171739B1 (en) 2015-08-26
CA2693408A1 (en) 2009-01-15
JP2010532958A (en) 2010-10-14
JP4991936B2 (en) 2012-08-08
CN101689442A (en) 2010-03-31
DE102007031995A1 (en) 2009-01-15

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