EP2167770A1 - Structure de cadre et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents
Structure de cadre et son procédé de fabricationInfo
- Publication number
- EP2167770A1 EP2167770A1 EP07722613A EP07722613A EP2167770A1 EP 2167770 A1 EP2167770 A1 EP 2167770A1 EP 07722613 A EP07722613 A EP 07722613A EP 07722613 A EP07722613 A EP 07722613A EP 2167770 A1 EP2167770 A1 EP 2167770A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frame structure
- core member
- core
- structure according
- wood
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010875 treated wood Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000001145 finger joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010876 untreated wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/06—Single frames
- E06B3/08—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials
- E06B3/20—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of plastics
- E06B3/205—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of plastics moulded or extruded around a core
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
- E06B1/06—Wooden frames
- E06B1/08—Wooden frames composed of several parts with respect to the cross-section of the frame itself
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/06—Single frames
- E06B3/08—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials
- E06B3/10—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of wood
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a frame structure, such as a window sash or a frame for a window or door, including side, top and bottom pieces, said frame structure comprising a core including at least one wooden core member and a plastic covering encasing the core and a weather-protecting shielding arrangement covering at least parts of the frame structure adapted to face outwards in a mounted position of the frame structure.
- plastic windows have some drawbacks that prevent wide use thereof. Initially, the raw material and the tools utilized for providing the plastic covering are relatively expensive. As it is furthermore difficult to provide a plastic material fulfilling all of the strength and insulating requirements set to such frame structures, reinforcing and/or insulating material such as wood must be used.
- Applicant's patent EP-Bl-O 251 804 discloses a frame structure of the kind mentioned in the introduction.
- the frame structure is in the form of a window structure, for instance a window frame or sash.
- the plastic covering of the frame structure disclosed in this document is obtained by encapsulating the core at least partly by moulding a layer of for instance polyurethane on the core.
- the core may be made of wood or wood-based material, such as pine, chipboard or plywood.
- the frame structure outlined in the introduction is characterized in that the at least one wooden core member includes at least one member of wood, which has been subjected to a treatment selected from the group consisting of heat-treatment, acetylation and impregnation, and that the core member made of treated wood constitutes a first shield of said shielding arrangement.
- the shielding arrangement is an external shielding arrangement including coverings, claddings and/or flashings connected to the pieces of the frame structure.
- Treated wood has been found to possess a large number of properties equal to or better than those of ordinary wood which has not been subjected to treatment within the context of the present invention, i.e. for instance only traditional seasoning.
- treated wood which is traditionally a relatively expensive and high-class material as a core member in such constructions.
- the overall lifetime price of the resulting frame structure is surprisingly not significantly raised when using treated wood. This is, i.a., due the superior properties of treated wood, so that the risk of exchange of parts is very low.
- the core may include a plurality of core pieces, each said core piece including at least one core member of treated wood.
- said plurality of core pieces may total four core pieces corresponding to the side, top and bottom pieces of the frame structure.
- at least one of said core pieces includes a plurality of core members.
- Each core piece may have its individual configuration of core members in dependence of the need for strength, weatherproofing properties and/or aesthetical appearance.
- the configuration of each individual core piece may vary. For instance, a first core member and a second core member of said core piece may be connected with each other at a first set of mutually facing contact surfaces, said first or second core member being formed from treated wood.
- the core piece may comprise a third core member connected with the first and/or the second core member at a second set of mutually facing contact surfaces.
- the third core member is made from the same material as the first core member. This makes it possible to obtain similar properties and appearance on several faces of the frame structure.
- the first core member of each core piece faces inwards with respect to the frame opening and the second core member is made of treated wood and faces outwards. This makes it possible to achieve a harmonized appearance on the side which is visible to the user in the mounted state of the frame structure, whereas the external or outwards facing sides most exposed to the weathering are duly protected by the inherent properties of the treated wood.
- the plastic covering may in cross section cover only part of the surfaces of the wooden core member. This makes it possible to optimize the use of the plastic material, which is relatively costly.
- the plastic covering in cross section comprises two groups of each at least two parts provided on substantially opposite surfaces of said core member.
- the plastic covering may cover parts of the surfaces of the wooden core member visible to a user in a mounted state of the frame structure.
- the plastic covering provides protection and a smooth surface, which in addition to being aesthetically pleasing is advantageous from a practical point of view.
- Such a plastic covering provides for a surface which is easy to clean and demands almost no maintenance in the form of e.g. painting, lacquering, oil treatment etc..
- a second shield of said shielding arrangement covers at least the part of the surfaces of the wooden core member uncovered by the plastic covering.
- the configuration of such a second shield may be optimized with respect to the need for protection depending on the particular exposure to the weathering.
- the parts uncovered by the plastic covering include surfaces substantially parallel to the roof in the mounted position. This makes it particularly easy and reliable to provide the second shield.
- the parts uncovered by the plastic covering include surfaces substantially perpendicular to the roof in the mounted position.
- the second shield may include a covering and/or a cladding. Furthermore, the second shield may include a flashing.
- the wooden core member may be shaped by any suitable process, but according to an embodiment the wooden core member is chamfered to the desired shape.
- the resulting outline or cross section of the core member is relatively smooth with rounded edges, whereby flow of the plastic materia! is facilitated, the production time reduced, and a high quality coated frame structure may be achieved.
- Jointing of wooden core members of different pieces of the frame structure may be accomplished by any suitable joining means, such as nails, screws, fittings, glue etc.
- the wooden core members are assembled with finger joints with a plurality of fingers, of which one finger joint is an interference fit, whereas the rest of the finger joints are loose fits.
- the frame structure may be assembled quickly and with relative ease without need for special tools.
- the interference fit holds the members together during moulding of the plastic encasing, and the loose fit allows for the plastic material to flow into the gaps between the fingers during manufacture, and when the plastic is set, the joint is effectively fixed.
- the surface of the frame structure is closed and impervious making the frame structure weatherproof and robust.
- the thickness of the plastic material encasing the wooden core member is a balance of integrity of the resulting frame structure, material cost, insulation properties etc.
- a suitable interval of the average thickness of the plastic material is 1 to 8 mm, preferably at least 2 mm and maximum 5 mm.
- the plastic material is relatively expensive, and hence the thickness should be kept at a minimum, but practical problems relating to moulding of the plastic sets a lower value of about 1 mm.
- the treatment selected for the core member or members provides a protection against fungus which will be sufficient for most applications of the frame structure, it is possible to subject the at least one wooden core member to a treatment with a fungicide.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for manu- facturing a frame structure comprising the steps of; providing a core member of treated wood, pre-treating the surface of the core member to facilitate adherence, assembling a core piece of a plurality of core members, placing a set of core pieces in a mould, injecting a setting plastic material in the mould, removing the finished frame structure from the mould, and providing a shielding arrangement to cover at least parts adapted to face outwards in a mounted position of the frame structure.
- This method can be performed with a limited degree of manual labour, thereby resulting in a relatively efficient and low cost method for manufacture when producing such frame structures in large numbers.
- the core member may be shaped in any suitable way, such as by sawing, planing and milling or the like, however according to an embodiment the core member is machined in the appropriate shape by moulding, chamfer, or the like.
- the resulting core member has an outline with a relatively smooth contour, which is advantageous with regard to moulding of the plastic around the core member, as the flow of plastic in the mould is facilitated.
- the core members may be joined at corners by any suitable means, such as screws, nails, fittings etc., but according to an embodiment ends of the core members are machined to provide engaging finger joints with a plurality of fingers of which one set of fingers are adapted to provide an interference fit, whereas the rest of the finger joints are loose fits.
- ends of the core members are machined to provide engaging finger joints with a plurality of fingers of which one set of fingers are adapted to provide an interference fit, whereas the rest of the finger joints are loose fits.
- jointing is facilitated, and there is no need for special tools are separate elements.
- Further metal elements will have the disadvantage that due to the thermal conductivity of metal there is a risk of cold bridges in the construction and poor insulation property of the construction.
- the interference fit of some fingers will hold the construction assembled in the mould, whereas the loose fit providing gaps between other fingers will allow plastic material to flow into the gaps during moulding and securely fix the joint when the plastic sets.
- Pre-treating of the surface of the core member to facilitate adherence may be accomplished in a number of ways, such as by etching the surface, applying a suitable primer or the like.
- the step of pre-treating the surface of the core member is a step of roughening the surface, to provide a non-smooth surface having improved adherence characteristics.
- the roughening entails an increase in the area of the contact surface between the core and the plastic covering.
- Such roughening may also include e.g. a chamfering or grooving operation, in which the surface is provided with a number of grooves of identical or varying depth and width. This operation is carried out by an appropriate tool, such as a gouge or moulding iron, which may have e.g.
- the setting plastic material is polyurethane, which is a well-known material with suitable properties with regard to weatherproofness, insulation, mouldability etc.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a window incorporating a frame structure in a first embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a detail of the frame structure, along the line II-II in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 is a photo of a cross-sectional slice of a window frame prototype, said photo corresponding to the cross-sectional view of Fig. 2 of the first embodiment of the frame structure shown;
- Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to Fig. 2 of a second embodiment of the frame structure according to the invention
- Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the frame structure according to the invention
- Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a detail of a frame structure in a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- Figs 7 to 9 are cross-sectional views along the lines VII-VII, VIII-VIII and IX-IX, respectively, in Fig. 6;
- Fig. 10 is a photo of a corner joint in the window frame prototype shown in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 11 is a front view photo of a core of a window frame prototype corresponding to a fifth embodiment of the frame structure according to the invention.
- Fig. 12 is a side angle view photo of the prototype window frame core of Fig. 11;
- Fig. 13 is a front view photo of a core of a window sash prototype corresponding to a sixth embodiment of the frame structure according to the invention.
- Fig. 14 is a side angle view photo of the prototype window sash core of Fig. 12.
- the frame structure is a window frame having two side pieces 1 and Ia, a bottom piece Ib and a top piece Ic.
- the structure of the individual pieces may vary within the general principle underlying the invention, i.e. that a core including a core member comprising treated wood is encased by a plastic covering.
- the side piece 1 comprises a core consisting of a core member 2 of treated wood encapsulated in a plastic covering in the form of a surface layer 3 of plastic material.
- the surface layer 3 is formed of foamed polyurethane.
- the wooden core is machined into shape by moulding or chamfer in long units, and can even make up an entire side piece of the window if considered advantageous.
- the cross-section shown comprises recesses 4 and 5, which are not used at this position, but has a function elsewhere along the frame side piece.
- the recess 6 is adapted for taking up a lining.
- the single core member 2 is made of wood which has been heat-treated.
- the growth rings of the heat-treated wood can be seen, and it is also seen that the heat-treated wood is relatively dark in colour.
- Research work on heat treatment of wood has been performed e.g. in Finland for some years, and reference is made to the previously mentioned publication.
- heat treatment processes are processes in which the physical properties of the wood are changed permanently, i.e. moisture content, but also strength, insulation property etc. Such changes are effected when wood is subject to temperatures above 150 0 C.
- the heat-treated wood has been subjected to a temperature in the interval of 150-240 0 C for 0.5-4 hours.
- the temperature may have been constant during this interval or vary within the limits of the speed of temperature adjustment of the kiln.
- Other heat-treatments are of course conceivable as well, as long as they provide the properties aimed at.
- the heat- treated wooden core member preferably has a density between 350 and 500 kg/m 3 .
- the wood species of the heat-treated part of the core may be any species suitable to the purpose, examples being softwood species such as pine or spruce.
- the effect of heat treatment of wood depends on a number of parameters, such as • the maximum temperature and the length of the actual heat treatment period
- temperatures over 150 0 C alter the physical and chemical properties of wood permanently, for example the colour of the wood darkens, the shrinkage and swelling of the wood is reduced, and the equilibrium moisture content of the wood is improved. It is also found that the strength is reduced, but the insulation property is enhanced.
- the heat treatment process is normally divided in a preheating period, an actual heat treatment period and a cooling period. During preheating and cooling the temperature gradient is controlled to avoid excessive splitting or cracking of the wood.
- Heat treatment reduces and lowers water uptake, which is advantageous with regard to durability of the wood and resistance to deterioration. However, this effect also lowers the adherence of the plastic material during moulding, and hence it has till now been considered very difficult to encapsulate heat-treated wood in plastic.
- a disadvantage of heat-treated wood is that the strength de- crease by 10-30% in bending and pulling, and the wood becomes more brittle, but it is surprisingly found that the reduction in strength is not a problem in the frame structure according to the invention.
- Figs 4 and 5 schematically show alternative embodiments of the frame structure according to the invention.
- Fig. 4 shows a cross sectional view of a window frame side piece
- Fig. 5 correspondingly shows a cross sectional view of a window sash side piece.
- a plastic covering in the form of a surface layer 103, 203 of plastic material covers only part of the surfaces of a wooden core member 102, 202 seen in cross section.
- the surface layer 103, 203 comprises two groups of each at least two parts provided on substantially opposite surfaces of said core member.
- large binding forces are achieved between the surface layer 103, 203 and the core member 102, 202 because the plastic material adheres well to treated wood.
- additional safety from separation of plastic from treated wood is achieved by this particular provision of surface layer parts.
- the wooden core member or members may have been subjected by acetylation.
- Acetylation in general, is a process that introduces an acetyl functional group into an organic compound. Mores specifically, the free hydroxy! groups of the wood are converted into acetyl groups, e.g. by making the wood react with acetic anhydride. In this manner, the hydroxyl groups, which are known to adsorb water from the surroundings and are furthermore believed to be the source of decay of the wood, are eliminated. This has the advantage that the strength and adhesion properties of natural wood are maintained.
- the negative aspects of untreated wood having natural water content are reduced, as the weathering does virtually not influence a core member treated by acetylation.
- the wooden core may be treated by impregnation. Impregnation is a well-known process and may be carried out in a variety of different steps. One particularly efficient method is disclosed in WO 2003/095165, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The above-mentioned treatments all provide a protection against the formation of fungus, which will be sufficient for most applications.
- the wooden core member or members may further be subjected to a treatment with a fungicide. This eliminates completely or at least reduces to a very large extent the risk of fungus formation in the frame structure.
- the first group comprises parts 103a - 103i, parts 103a - 103c being disposed on surfaces of the core member 102 facing a window sash of the window, and parts 103d, 103e being disposed on opposite surfaces of the core member, i.e. the surface of the core member, which in a mounted state of the window is facing a roof into which the window has been integrated.
- the second group comprises parts 103f - 103i, parts 103f - 103h being disposed on surfaces of the core member 102 in a mounted state of the window facing the inside, i.e. a room of a building into which the window has been built, and part 103i being disposed on an opposite surface of the core member 103, i.e. the surface of the core member 103, which in a mounted state of the window is facing the outside.
- the first group comprises parts 203a - 203c, part 203a being disposed on a surface of the core member 202 facing a windowpane of the window sash, and parts 203b, 203c being disposed on opposite surfaces of the core member 202, i.e. surfaces of the core member, which in a mounted state of the window are facing a window frame of the window, e.g. the window frame of Fig. 4.
- the second group comprises parts 203d - 203f, part 203d being disposed on a surface of the core member 202 in a mounted state of the window facing the inside, and parts 203e, 203f being disposed on opposite surfaces of the core member 203, i.e. the surfaces of the core member 203, which in a mounted state of the window are facing the outside.
- the parts 103d, 103e are separate parts disposed on a mutual surface of the core member 102, thus forming a discontinuation of the surface layer 103 on the surface of the core member 102, which surface in a mounted state of the window is facing and hidden by the roof. Since this surface is hidden, it serves no aesthetic purpose to let the surface layer 103 cover this surface.
- the surface layer 203 does not cover the surfaces of the core member 202 hidden, during normal use in a mounted state of the window, to a user inside the building. This saves plastic material, which is relatively costly in comparison with the material of the core. Moisture protection and weather resistance of naked treated wood is typically sufficient, even on surfaces of treated wood facing the outside and acting as a first shield against the weathering. Even other materials utilized as core members may have sufficient properties to face the outside.
- one of basically three different types of sheath-like elements is used for providing a second shield in the shielding arrangement for waterproofing of the construction; a first type of elements known as flashings proof the meeting between the roofing and the window, a second type of elements known as claddings proof the frame and sash profiles themselves and a third type of elements known as coverings proof space between the sash claddings and the pane or glassing beads.
- the outwards facing side 102a of the single core member 102 acts as a first shield
- a covering (i.e. of the above- mentioned third type) 501 acts as a second shield.
- the covering 501 extends substantially in parallel with the face 102 facing upwards and outwards in the mounted position of the frame structure and hence substantially in parallel with the roof surface in the mounted position.
- the core of the side pieces, the top piece and/or the bottom piece comprises further core members of heat- treated wood, non-heat-treated wood or wood treated by any other method, or any other suitable material such as an insulating foamed material.
- the strength requirements of the top and bottom pieces are typically lower such that these pieces may comprise core members with improved insulating properties, but poorer strength properties, such as an insulating foam material.
- Such core members are preferably completely encased by more durable core members such as wooden core members.
- core members visible from the inside of a building into which the frame structure has been built are preferably covered by a surface layer
- core members only visible from the outside of the building can be manufactured from another material such as not encased heat-treated or otherwise treated hardwood to provide a compromise between appearance and costs.
- Heat-treated hardwood has a lighter colour than heat-treated softwood.
- the hardwood may be in the form of birch or European aspen.
- Figs 6 to 9 show an embodiment, in which the pieces 301, 301a, 301b, 301c constituting the core of the frame comprises a number of core members manufactured from different materials.
- the core may form the core of a frame structure of a window frame, but the principle is fully adaptable to other frame structures, such as a window sash or a frame of a door. It is even possible to let the core form a substantial part of the frame structure.
- a first core member 302 and a second core member 303 of the side core piece 301 are connected with each other at a first set of mutually facing contact surfaces 311, the second core member 303 being formed from treated wood, such as for instance heat treated wood, acetylated wood or impregnated wood, having improved deterioration resistance properties than the first core member 302.
- the material of the first core member 302 may be any material fulfilling the aesthetically and practically convenient demands.
- the material may be lacquered pine.
- the top core piece 301c comprises a third core member 304c connected with the first and second core members 302c, 303c at a second set of mutually facing contact surfaces 312c.
- the third core member 304c is made from the same material as the first core member, viz. a wooden material in the embodiment shown.
- the third core member 304c is connected with at least the second core member 303c, said second set of contact surfaces 312c extending substantially perpendicularly to said first set of contact surfaces 311c.
- the bottom core piece 301b shown in Fig. 9 has substantially the same configuration as the side core piece 301, and comprises a first core member 302b and a second core member 303b.
- the frame structure provides for a second shield of a shielding arrangement, the parts 303, 303c and 303b acting as a first shield.
- the second shield is shown only in respect of the piece 301 shown in Fig. 7 but similar configurations are conceivable in connection with the frame pieces 301b and 301c.
- the second shield thus includes a covering 501 corresponding to the covering in Fig. 4.
- the shield includes a cladding 502 having a first part substantially parallel with the upper and outwards facing side and a second part substantially perpendicular to the first part.
- the second part of cladding 502 covers the outwards and sidewise facing part of core member 303 not covered by either another core member 302 or a plastic covering.
- the shield includes a flashing 503 comprising a first part along the outwards and sidewise facing side of core member 303 and a second part substantially perpendicular to the first part and adapted to be positioned substantially in parallel with and below the roofing in the mounted position.
- the first core member of each core piece faces inwards with respect to the frame opening.
- other configurations are of course conceivable. It is, of course, conceivable to treat the surface or surfaces uncovered by the plastic covering by any suitable coating.
- Fig. 10 a photo of a corner joint of the window frame can be seen. A part of the plastic coating 3 has been cut away for illustration of the finger joint.
- One core 2 comprises three fingers 2a, 2b and 2c, engaged with four fingers 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d of another core.
- the joint between fingers 7b, 2b and 7c is an interference fit, so this joint will be able to fix the mutual position of the two cores.
- the joint between other fingers is a loose fit, so there is a gap into which the plastic coating material may flow and set to fix the joint, as can be seen at reference numeral 8.
- the finger joint should not be considered restricted to the embodiment with core member of treated wood, e.g. heat treated, acetylated or impregnated wood, as the advantages of the joint is evidently also present with core members of other materials, such as untreated wood, plywood etc.
- FIGs 11 and 12 an embodiment of an assembled frame core
- the frame core 12 can be seen prior to moulding of the plastic coating around the members of the frame core 12.
- the frame core 12 is assembled of straight pieces of treated wood having uniform cross-section along the length thereof.
- auxiliary wedge parts 13 may be provided as can be seen to strengthen the joint and provide a smooth transition between the jointed members, if the core members differ in size.
- the wedge parts 13 are not necessarily made of treated wood, but may be made of for example plywood.
- FIGs 13 and 14 An embodiment of an assembled sash core 20 can be seen in Figs 13 and 14.
- the construction of the sash core 20 is a little more complicated and comprises additional plywood parts 21, 22 and 23 attached to the core parts of treated wood.
- a prototype of the frame structure was made using a polyure- thane foam of the integral type as the plastic material.
- the polyurethane was foamed in the mould, and the density of the resulting layer of PUR depending on the free space available in the mould, as e.g. a void will result in a lower density. It will be evident to the skilled person that other types of plastic material could be used with good results.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
- Door And Window Frames Mounted To Openings (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL07722613T PL2167770T3 (pl) | 2007-05-18 | 2007-05-18 | Konstrukcja ościeżnicowa i sposób wytwarzania takiej konstrukcji ościeżnicowej |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DK2007/000234 WO2008141642A1 (fr) | 2007-05-18 | 2007-05-18 | Structure de cadre et son procédé de fabrication |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2167770A1 true EP2167770A1 (fr) | 2010-03-31 |
EP2167770B1 EP2167770B1 (fr) | 2019-04-24 |
Family
ID=38977446
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07722613.2A Active EP2167770B1 (fr) | 2007-05-18 | 2007-05-18 | Structure de cadre et son procédé de fabrication |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2167770B1 (fr) |
EA (1) | EA021921B1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL2167770T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008141642A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3591160A1 (fr) | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-08 | VKR Holding A/S | Cadre de fenêtre conçu pour être utilisé comme un châssis ou un cadre fixe et procédé de fabrication d'un cadre de fenêtre |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE60727T1 (de) * | 1985-08-28 | 1991-02-15 | A Cell Acetyl Cellulosics | Verfahren zur verbesserung von dimensionsbestaendigkeit und vom biologischen widerstand von lignocellulosestoff. |
DK157144C (da) * | 1986-07-03 | 1990-04-16 | Rasmussen Kann Ind As | Vindueselement |
JP3086110B2 (ja) * | 1993-07-15 | 2000-09-11 | ワイケイケイ株式会社 | 木材の防かび処理方法 |
AT412413B (de) * | 2003-07-07 | 2005-02-25 | Topic Gmbh | Verschlussorgan für gebäudeöffnungen sowie dessen umrahmung und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
ATE418664T1 (de) * | 2003-07-22 | 2009-01-15 | Klatovske D Evo Stavebni Ct Sp | Holzfenstersystem |
CN101313122B (zh) * | 2005-11-21 | 2011-02-02 | Vkr控股公司 | 框架结构以及用于制造该框架结构的方法 |
-
2007
- 2007-05-18 EP EP07722613.2A patent/EP2167770B1/fr active Active
- 2007-05-18 WO PCT/DK2007/000234 patent/WO2008141642A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-05-18 EA EA200971071A patent/EA021921B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-05-18 PL PL07722613T patent/PL2167770T3/pl unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008141642A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3591160A1 (fr) | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-08 | VKR Holding A/S | Cadre de fenêtre conçu pour être utilisé comme un châssis ou un cadre fixe et procédé de fabrication d'un cadre de fenêtre |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA200971071A1 (ru) | 2010-04-30 |
EP2167770B1 (fr) | 2019-04-24 |
EA021921B1 (ru) | 2015-09-30 |
WO2008141642A1 (fr) | 2008-11-27 |
PL2167770T3 (pl) | 2019-10-31 |
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