EP2167693A1 - Method for the heat treatment of castings using an air quench and system for implementing the method - Google Patents
Method for the heat treatment of castings using an air quench and system for implementing the methodInfo
- Publication number
- EP2167693A1 EP2167693A1 EP08761238A EP08761238A EP2167693A1 EP 2167693 A1 EP2167693 A1 EP 2167693A1 EP 08761238 A EP08761238 A EP 08761238A EP 08761238 A EP08761238 A EP 08761238A EP 2167693 A1 EP2167693 A1 EP 2167693A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- baskets
- batch
- layer
- quenching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0018—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/663—Bell-type furnaces
- C21D9/675—Arrangements of charging or discharging devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of heat treatments of castings made of aluminum-based alloy.
- the invention relates to a method of heat treatment of breech type casting parts in which an air quenching of parts is implemented, and a system for implementing the method.
- the heat treatment of aluminum alloys generally consists of a succession of operations.
- a high-temperature dissolution operation is carried out, typically between 490 ° C. and 545 ° C. for silicon-containing foundry alloys (between 5 and 9%) and copper (between 0 and 3%). and magnesium (between 0 and 0.7%).
- This operation is performed at the highest possible temperature to accelerate the dissolution of the hardening elements of the alloy, and dissolve as much as possible, while avoiding to remelt even locally the alloy (phenomenon called burn) .
- phenomenon called burn a solid solution of hardening elements is obtained in the matrix of the alloy.
- a quenching operation is then carried out to freeze the solid solution of the hardening elements in the matrix, by cooling rapidly from the solution temperature to room temperature or to the tempering temperature.
- a revenue operation is carried out in the form of an oven residence at a moderate temperature, typically between 150 and 245 ° C., which causes the hardening elements of the alloy to recombine in the form of fine precipitates distributed within the matrix of the alloy, and thereby increases its resistance.
- a moderate temperature typically between 150 and 245 ° C.
- the increase in the temperature of the quenching water is a technique well known to those skilled in the art for reducing the residual stresses of complex parts. This technique, however, has limited effects from the point of view of the reduction of residual stresses, while causing a significant reduction of properties. This reduction is all the more important as the temperature of the water increases and approaches the boiling temperature of the water.
- quenching additives (brine, for example) is also a well-known technique for the reduction of residual stresses. However, it poses problems of discharges and treatment of quench water, which generates additional costs.
- An alternative quenching technique is to use ambient air rather than water as a cooling medium.
- air quenching is relatively easy to apply to single-unit or low-mass loads, it does not give satisfactory results in the case treatment of loads of large and massive parts, for example yokes for internal combustion engines, which because of their compactness and complexity of shapes (in particular the presence of multiple internal cavities) do not offer a favorable surface for extraction calories by the airflow.
- This insufficiency of air quenching is further accentuated in the case of heat treatment of parts in the usual "batch" mode of treating a batch of aluminum alloy casting parts. In this "batch" mode, the parts of the batch of parts to be processed are put into baskets.
- baskets generally made of steel, are stacked in a first layer on a base support, then in a second layer of baskets placed on the first, or possibly even other layers of baskets.
- the assembly consisting of the base support, successive layers of baskets and parts contained in the baskets forms what is called the heat treatment load, or more simply the load.
- a vertical and horizontal space between the baskets is generally arranged so as to promote heat exchange during quenching.
- the feed is successively introduced into the solution furnace, extracted from this furnace to be subjected to quenching (for example immersed in water in the case of quenching with water, or brought under a ventilation system stirring the ambient air in the case of quenching with air), then exit from the quenching medium and introduced into the furnace of income, finally extracted from the latter to be brought back into the ambient air of the workshop to the end of heat treatment.
- quenching for example immersed in water in the case of quenching with water, or brought under a ventilation system stirring the ambient air in the case of quenching with air
- This batch mode is particularly flexible, and is therefore interesting for the operator.
- each load can undergo treatment solution dissolution or income different from that of other loads.
- the quenching media can also be split, which adds to the flexibility (for example by using two quench tanks with water at different temperatures). This mode is also interesting from an energy point of view.
- a significant part of the energy is used to heat the steel baskets in the furnaces, then to cool the quenching water for the heat input portion related to these baskets, which is irrelevant for the main function of the heat treatment of aluminum parts.
- the invention aims to overcome these disadvantages of the batch mode heat treatment of castings, including castings of aluminum alloys, and to ensure high and homogeneous properties regardless of the part in the load.
- the invention relates to a heat treatment process of a batch of castings, wherein air quenching is applied to the batch pieces arranged in a single layer.
- Some preferred, but not limiting, aspects of this process are the following: prior to quenching, the pieces of the batch being arranged in several layers, the layers of pieces are maneuvered to form the single layer made up of the pieces of the batch, and the single layer under a ventilation system so as to perform the air quenching operation; the ventilation system delivers a flow of air with a flow rate greater than 1000 m 3 / h and per room, preferably greater than 1700 m 3 / h and per room;
- the maneuvering of the layers of pieces consists of unstacking baskets in which the pieces are arranged;
- the stacked trays forming an audit first location a stack of baskets comprising a first layer of baskets and at least a second layer of baskets, for unstacking the baskets, the baskets of the top layer are raised, the transfer carriage is advanced, and the baskets of the upper layer at a second location of the transfer carriage, and so on if there are more than two layers of baskets;
- the pieces are laid horizontally in the baskets and spaced apart by less than 100 mm, preferably less than 50 mm; the baskets are separated by partitions and the pieces are placed vertically in the baskets;
- the partitions form a set of cells, the parts are arranged at a rate of one piece per cell so that the space between the workpiece and the cell is less than 60 mm, and preferably less than 30 mm;
- the parts are suspended or held by supports in the baskets;
- the maneuvering of the layers of pieces consists in successively depositing each layer of pieces on a receiving carriage adapted to receive a single layer of pieces;
- the pieces are deposited from a handling support in the form of a multi-comb rake, each comb being able to support a layer of pieces, and in which to successively deposit each layer is repeated the operations consisting in presenting to the right of the handling support a receiving carriage having means for supporting a layer of pieces in the form of a comb having teeth spaced from each other, to lower the handling support so that the teeth of a comb of the handling supports are introduced into the inter-tooth spaces of the receiving carriage to deposit a layer of parts on the delivery trolley, and to reassemble the handling support;
- the process comprises, prior to quenching, a dissolving operation carried out in a furnace charged with the parts of the batch arranged on several layers;
- the transfer time between the opening of the oven after the dissolution, and the initiation of air cooling is less than 6 minutes, preferably less than 3 minutes 30 seconds;
- the invention relates to a heat treatment system for a batch of castings comprising means capable of ensuring the implementation of the method according to the first aspect of the invention, and in particular a system comprising a ventilation system for stirring the ambient air and causing a cooling air flow, characterized in that it comprises means for arranging the parts of the batch in a single layer, and means for bringing the single layer of parts under the ventilation system to apply air quench to the batch pieces arranged in a single layer.
- FIGS. 1a-1c represent the load constituted by the base support, successive layers of baskets, and castings contained therein in the baskets, according to a first possible embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 2a-2g show the sequence of operations of a first possible embodiment of the method according to the invention
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show means used in a first possible embodiment of the invention for unstacking the baskets in which the parts are arranged;
- FIGS. 6a-6b are diagrams representing air distributors that can be used in the quenching unit
- FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a handling support in the form of a multi-comb rake used in the context of the second possible embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 11a-11e are diagrams of a sequence of operations illustrating the maneuvering of the load in the context of the second possible embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 12 represents the principle of a possible embodiment of the multi-comb rake handling support
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the reception trolleys that can be used in the context of the second possible embodiment of the invention.
- the invention relates to a method of heat treatment of a batch of castings, in which air quenching of the parts of the batch is carried out.
- the invention also relates to a heat treatment system of a batch of castings comprising means capable of performing the implementation of the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the pieces of a batch are generally arranged in stackable baskets, and the baskets are stacked on a base support to form two or more layers of baskets.
- Figure 1a shows a load carrier 1 conventionally used to support successive layers of baskets, and the parts contained in the baskets.
- the load support 1 comprises housing 2 feet of baskets and is shaped to be driven in translation, for example by rolling on roller conveyors which are the usual mechanization of loads in batch furnaces.
- FIG. 1b is a cross-sectional view of the load support 1 on which two layers of baskets are stacked: an upper layer P1 of baskets (for example an upper set of two baskets) stacked on a lower layer P2 of baskets (by a lower set of two baskets), the latter resting on the load support 1.
- Foundry pieces 3 are arranged in the baskets of the layers P1 and P2.
- FIG 1b also shows the motorisation M of the heat treatment installation.
- This is for example a motorized roller raceway.
- Figure 1c shows a perspective view of a basket 4.
- the latter has a honeycomb structure and is provided with external walls 5 sheet.
- the honeycomb structure allows the disposition of a piece 3 by cell.
- the basket 4 has spaces 6 for the female / male stack of the basket feet.
- the load consisting of the support 1, stacked baskets P1, P2 and parts arranged in the baskets is conventionally loaded in a conventional batch oven in order to carry out the dissolving, then extracted from this oven and fed to a quenching unit to be quenched, and then quenched from the quench unit, charged to a conventional batch oven to achieve the income. So, at during the heat treatment, and in particular during the quenching operation, the parts of the batch are distributed over different layers.
- the invention then proposes, following the extraction of the load from the solution furnace, to maneuver the pieces to form a single layer of pieces made up of the parts of the batch.
- the single layer is then brought under a ventilation system in the quenching unit, the ventilation system stirring the ambient air to cause a flow of cooling air.
- air quenching is applied to the single layer of parts.
- the conventional case of parts arranged in stackable baskets is considered.
- the operation of the parts to form the single layer of parts may consist of unstacking the baskets.
- a particular multilayer load carrier which has a plurality of support means for a layer of parts in the form of spaced apart sleepers. others.
- the operation of the parts to form a single layer of parts may consist of successively depositing each layer of parts on a receiving carriage.
- FIG. 1a illustrates the taking of the load constituted by the support 1, the layers P1 and P2 of stacked baskets, and the pieces arranged in the baskets.
- the reference 7 represents a transfer carriage having several locations for stacks of baskets.
- a first location has a motorized roller bearing path 8, while a second location 9, adjacent to the first, does not have a motorized path but is equipped with baskets housing similar to the dwellings.
- the carriage 7 preferably has a ventilated structure, so as to let the air.
- Figure 2b shows the loading of the load on the transfer carriage.
- the stack of baskets P1, P2 is arranged at the first location of the carriage 7 by installing the support 1 on the path 8.
- FIG. 2c illustrates the movement, schematized by the arrow 12, of the transfer carriage 7 to a solution furnace 10.
- the oven 10 is a conventional batch oven comprising a laboratory (useful working space of the oven) essentially closed, thermally insulated, equipped with an air mixing system, provided with heating systems and control of the heating from thermocouples measuring the temperature of the oven or air in the oven, the oven laboratory being accessible through a door 11 for loading or unloading the load.
- Figure 2d illustrates the loading of the solution furnace 10, the charge being introduced into the furnace according to the arrow 13a. Once the load is fully charged, the door 11 is closed, and is carried out in solution.
- FIG. 2e illustrates the outlet of the charge of the solution furnace 10 (output shown schematically by the arrow 13b), and the supply of the charge (Diagrammed by the movement of the transfer carriage 7 according to arrow 14) to a system adapted to unstack the baskets.
- the carriage 7 is transferred to pass under a unstacking gantry 15, an embodiment of which will be described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
- a gripping mechanism 16 integral with the gantry 15.
- the carriage is then advanced according to the arrow 14 until the second location 9 of the carriage 7 is at the right of the gantry 15.
- the gripping mechanism 16 is then commanded to come and deposit the baskets.
- the upper layer P1 on the second location 9 of the carriage 7, which in the meantime has been advanced by the distance necessary so that the upper layer P1 can be presented vertically to the foot receptacles 2 on the carriage 7.
- the set of baskets is then arranged in a single layer, the basket layers P1 and P2 being positioned side by side at the same level on the carriage 7.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show a possible embodiment of the gantry 15.
- the gantry 15 is here a structure fixed to the ground S, comprising a gripping mechanism 16 controlled by means of a jack 17 for lifting and depositing a layer of baskets.
- the gantry comprises a cross member 18 extending horizontally from the ground, and in which a frame 19 (consisting for example of two vertical columns, a beam and a horizontal plate) supporting the gripping mechanism 16 can slide vertically under the action of the cylinder 17.
- the gripping mechanism 16 comprises a movable plate 20 forming part of the frame 19, and is provided with claws 21 adapted to be actuated by claw actuators 22 to engage with the upper layer of baskets P1.
- the parts arranged in a single layer in the baskets P1 and P2 are brought to the right of a ventilation system 23 adapted to cause a flow of cooling air schematized by the arrows 24 and generally perpendicular to the unique layer of pieces.
- the parts are subjected during the quenching air flow whose flow rate is preferably greater than 1000 m 3 per hour and per unit, and preferably greater than 1700 m 3 per hour and per room.
- the air speed is of the order of 23 m / s for a flow rate of 1000 m 3 / h and per cylinder head, and of the order of 45 m / s for a flow rate of 1700 m 3 / h and per cylinder head.
- Forced air cooling can be achieved until the rooms reach the room temperature, or the temperature of income, if income is subsequently made.
- the quenching unit may be essentially closed by a wall 26 intended to recover the air after quenching, and act as a sonic barrier by evacuating the air through a sound absorber (the exhaust ducts of the air through the walls and the sound absorbers are not shown in Figure 5).
- the air passes through the cells of the baskets in which the parts are arranged, as well as a grid provided with carriage running rails, to enter a chamber 30.
- the carriage 7 on which the layer is placed is unique parts is in a chamber consisting of walls 27 to confine the air flow on the load.
- Air distributors 28 are arranged above the load to channel the flow of air towards each of the rooms.
- An example of an air distributor in the form of a grid with cellular structure is shown in FIG. 6a.
- Another example is shown in Figure 6b, on which the grid has a closed bottom surface, with an air passage slot in each of the cells.
- the single piece layer is spaced from the lower end of the air distributors 28 by a height H.
- the quenching unit may further comprise a wind box 25 disposed between the ventilation system 23 and the dispensers air 28 to ensure section ratios between the ventilation system 23 and the air distributors 28.
- the parts can be laid horizontally in the baskets, which is the most satisfactory solution from the point of view of cooling.
- the parts can also be placed vertically in the baskets which increases the capacity of the heat treatment.
- the parts will be spaced less than 100 mm and preferably less than 50 mm.
- the parts In the upright position, the parts can be placed in baskets separated by continuous or partial partitions so as to keep them correctly close to the vertical position, these partitions also making it possible to channel the flow of air.
- these partitions will be made of steel forming a set of juxtaposed cells, each contiguous with its closest neighbors, in which the parts can be introduced at a rate of one piece per cell.
- the space between the part and the cell is defined as follows for each dimension of the cell, for example the length and the width.
- 2 XE is equal to the difference between the envelope of the part built by surrounding the piece of a shape identical to the shape of the cell and the actual size of the cell.
- the shape of the cell is chosen such that in all dimensions E is approximately the same, to within a few mm, that is to say, by adapting the shape of the basket to the workpiece.
- E thus defined will preferably be less than 60 mm, and more preferably less than 30 mm, its smallest dimension to be adjusted case by case, according to the actual geometry of the room to be able to maintain the air flow rates presented above. It can thus have a value of E close to zero, that is to say just the space required to load the piece into the cell, if by its intrinsic geometry the part leaves the required air passage.
- the parts can also be suspended or held by supports in the basket.
- the cell previously described is not necessarily materialized, but we will keep the same preferences of values of E described above in relation to the space allocated to each room (the equivalent of the cell).
- the method according to the invention can also be extended to the production, in addition to the air quenching applied to the single layer, in carrying out the solution-setting operation prior to quenching and / or completion of the income transaction after quenching.
- solution and return are carried out by charging in the corresponding furnaces dissolution solution and income load consisting of baskets stacked on top of each other so as to best use the capacity of conventional batch oven .
- the dissolution and the income are made conventionally by loading the batch of parts distributed in several layers of parts in the oven.
- the transfer time between the dissolving furnace (time counted at the opening of the door) and the start of the cooling at the air should not exceed 6 minutes, and preferably be below 3 minutes 30 seconds.
- the Applicant has surprisingly observed that despite these rather long transfer times, necessary to enable the de-stacking operations on large furnaces, the mechanical properties of the parts remained high, under these conditions, practically without any reduction of properties compared to an immediate quench after oven exit.
- the baskets will preferably be re-stacked so as to reconstitute the load.
- the gantry 15 described above can also be used for this purpose.
- a particular multilayer load carrier which has a plurality of superimposed means of support for each other. a layer of pieces.
- Each of the support means of a layer of parts comprises crosspieces spaced apart from each other.
- the weight of the baskets and steel supports is of the order of 0.5 tons per ton of aluminum actually treated.
- This second embodiment is advantageous in that it allows to heat and cool only the parts, which is a substantial saving in energy consumption.
- This multilayer load carrier 30 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the references N1, N2 and N3 represent the different levels on which the layers of parts are superposed.
- the multilayer support 30 has a plurality of superimposed means for supporting a layer of parts in the form of crosspieces 31 spaced apart from each other.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show a handling support 4OS of the parts in the form of a multi-comb rake.
- This support has an arm 40 from which extends a plurality of combs 41, each comb being able to support a layer of parts.
- the combs 41 and the crosspieces 31 are shaped in such a way that the teeth of a comb can be introduced into the inter-cross space of a support means for a layer of parts of the multilayer filler support 30.
- the support 4OS handling can be advanced towards the multilayer load carrier 30, the teeth 42 of each of the combs 41 being introduced between the crosspieces 31 of each support means of a layer of parts. Then, the support 40 can be reassembled so that each of the combs slightly raises a layer of parts. Finally, the support 40 can be removed from the support 30 to carry the different layers of parts.
- the parts can be transported on a load support similar to the multilayer support 30. It will be understood that the layers of parts can be deposited on the support 30 from the handling support 40 coming to introduce the teeth of the combs between the sleepers.
- the 4OS handling support can thus be used for loading and unloading a batch oven to carry out a solution batching operation or a batch layer coin operation operation of the batch of pieces.
- the 4OS handling support is used to unload the furnace so that the different layers of parts are arranged on the different combs of the 4OS handling support.
- the parts are then maneuvered to form a single layer of parts on a transfer carriage consisting of two half-carriages (assuming two levels of parts are to be maneuvered to form the single layer), and in general the number of trolleys corresponding to the number of layers of parts.
- FIG. 11a the 4OS handling support is advanced along the arrow 43 in the direction of half-carriages 44a, 44b (also referred to as receiving carriages thereafter).
- Each receiving carriage 44a, 44b is shaped to receive a layer of parts, and presents in particular (see FIG. 13) means for supporting a layer of parts in the form of a comb having teeth 48 spaced apart others.
- said support 4OS is lowered so that the teeth of the lower comb of the support 4OS enter the inter-teeth spaces of the support means of the carriage 44b.
- Parts 3 of the lower layer are then deposited on the carriage 44b.
- the teeth of the lower comb of the support 4OS are then removed from the inter-tooth spaces of the carriage 44b, and the handling support 4OS is raised as shown in FIG. 11c.
- the carriages 44a, 44b are then advanced, for example along a motorized path, and the same sequence of operations is repeated to deposit the layer of parts of the upper comb on the carriage 44a.
- the pieces 3 of the batch are then distributed over the different receiving carriages 44a, 44b in a single layer, and the carriages are then brought to the quenching unit described above in connection with the first embodiment of the invention.
- possible embodiment of the invention schematized in dashed lines in FIG. It should be noted here that an income transaction can be carried out following quenching.
- the 4OS handling support is then used to maneuver the pieces after quenching according to operations similar to those described above and to reconstitute the multilayer filler before baking it in the batch batch oven.
- FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a possible embodiment of the 4OS handling device of the multi-comb rake type used in this second possible embodiment of the invention.
- the support 4OS may comprise a first carriage 45 rolling on rails to ensure a longitudinal movement of the support 4OS in the direction indicated by the arrow F 45 . It may also include a second rolling carriage 46 adapted to move laterally on the first carriage C1 in the direction indicated by the arrow F 46 .
- the support 4OS may further have a ⁇ axis allowing the rotation of a main arm B, itself guiding a movable arm B 'integral with the combs. Examples
- in-line four-cylinder diesel cylinder heads were molded in static gravity in a metal mold, fire-facing downwards, with a steel plate cooled energetically so as to obtain a fine microstructure that can be characterized.
- SDAS Silicon Dendrite Arm Spacing
- the metal temperature at the casting is 720 0 C at the arrival in the casting cup of the mold, from where the supply channels start to fill the mold through attacks located at the foot of the room.
- the millet setting, ratio between the weight cast (piece plus feeding system, plus weights) and the weight of the piece is 1, 7.
- the molded piece weighs 14.1 kg. All coring is carried out in cold box type process, for the realization of the inner forms: intake ducts, exhaust ducts, circulation of water, oil and for the realization of the core containing the weights, reserves of metal located above the piece itself and allowing the supply of liquid metal during the solidification and contraction of the piece.
- the molding cycle time is of the order of 5 minutes from room to room.
- the alloy is of AA 356 type, of first fusion, with a chemical composition given below in weight percentages:
- the alloy has its eutectic structure modified by addition of strontium.
- the part is extracted from the mold and cooled in a forced air tunnel so that it is cooled to a temperature of 50 ° C. in a time of about 120 minutes.
- the cylinder heads are then subjected to the usual finishing operations (elimination of the filling systems, deburring, sawing of the weights, deburring) and the following different heat treatments.
- Space alveole piece 15 mm in width and in length.
- the cylinder heads have been characterized at room temperature in traction and hardness.
- the tensile properties are measured according to the AFNOR standard
- thermocouples were placed in the yokes at the heart of the tablature towards the fire side of the cylinder head to measure the cooling rate, which was characterized by the time required to bring the cylinder head from 430 0 C to 70 ° C.
- This air quenching has the additional advantage of not generating residual stresses in the parts, which is generally very beneficial to the life of the yokes in service. This also widens the possibilities of income choice, as over-income is often imposed to try to reduce the residual stresses generated by water quenching.
- the process according to the invention provides wide operating ranges from the point of view of the industrial operation.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL08761238T PL2167693T3 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-19 | Method for the heat treatment of castings using an air quench and system for implementing the method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0755974A FR2917752B1 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2007-06-22 | METHOD FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF FOUNDRY PARTS USING AIR TEMPERATURE AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS |
PCT/EP2008/057813 WO2009000751A1 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-19 | Method for the heat treatment of castings using an air quench and system for implementing the method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2167693A1 true EP2167693A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
EP2167693B1 EP2167693B1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
Family
ID=39148635
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP08761238.8A Active EP2167693B1 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-19 | Method for the heat treatment of castings using an air quench and system for implementing the method |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8580052B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2167693B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2763177T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2917752B1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE047330T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2167693T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009000751A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9242313B2 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2016-01-26 | General Electric Company | Welding furnace and viewport assembly |
MX2018003535A (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2018-11-09 | Consolidated Eng Company Inc | System for supporting castings during thermal treatment. |
WO2017180193A1 (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2017-10-19 | Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. | Internal unstacker for a heat treatment furnace |
IT201700041112A1 (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-10-13 | Lm Ind S R L | OBJECT COOLING PLANT |
CN107893158A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-10 | 苏州中门子工业炉科技有限公司 | A kind of solid solution furnace of feed inlet and outlet band sealing gas curtain |
CN108285969B (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-04-30 | 重庆市天宇电线电缆制造有限公司 | A kind of copper wire circulating-heating annealing furnace |
CN108620565A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-10-09 | 湖州吉弘机械有限公司 | A kind of cooling device for the mating casting of fork truck |
CN108907173A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-30 | 尚成荣 | A kind of Copper fabrication tail gas multichannel exhausting energy-saving control method |
CN109014140B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-05-15 | 繁昌县长城铸造厂(普通合伙) | Quick cooling device that foundry goods was used |
CN110026542B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-09-11 | 山东金马汽车装备科技有限公司 | Cooling device for casting aluminum alloy wheel hub |
DE102019115613A1 (en) * | 2019-06-07 | 2020-12-10 | Audi Ag | Manufacturing method and device for manufacturing a surface-treated component, in particular a body component for a motor vehicle |
CN112874594B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-11-11 | 重庆祥顺机械配件制造有限公司 | Piston transfer device |
CN116673464B (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-09-22 | 长春电子科技学院 | Cooling device for casting piece in transmission case |
Family Cites Families (9)
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DE3934103A1 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-04-25 | Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh | OVEN FOR PARTIAL HEAT TREATMENT OF TOOLS |
JPH06174377A (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 1994-06-24 | Komatsu Ltd | Multipurpose controlled atmosphere heat treatment equipment |
DE29603022U1 (en) * | 1996-02-21 | 1996-04-18 | Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh | Device for quenching metallic workpieces |
DE19858582C2 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2001-05-17 | Karl Heess Gmbh & Co Maschb | Plant for the thermal treatment of metallic workpieces |
FR2801059B1 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2002-01-25 | Etudes Const Mecaniques | LOW PRESSURE CEMENTING QUENCHING PROCESS |
ES2215513T3 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2004-10-16 | Ipsen International Gmbh | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF METAL WORK PIECES. |
DE10117987A1 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-31 | Ald Vacuum Techn Ag | Charging frame used for heat treatment and cooling of metal parts, e.g. roller bearing parts, to be hardened is partially screened over the height of one side |
EP1469089B1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2006-08-09 | Cometal Engineering S.p.A. | Plant for the production of metal sections |
DE10352622A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-06-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Method and device for quenching workpieces |
-
2007
- 2007-06-22 FR FR0755974A patent/FR2917752B1/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-06-19 US US12/665,959 patent/US8580052B2/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 ES ES08761238T patent/ES2763177T3/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 PL PL08761238T patent/PL2167693T3/en unknown
- 2008-06-19 WO PCT/EP2008/057813 patent/WO2009000751A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-19 EP EP08761238.8A patent/EP2167693B1/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 HU HUE08761238A patent/HUE047330T2/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009000751A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8580052B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
FR2917752B1 (en) | 2019-06-28 |
EP2167693B1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
PL2167693T3 (en) | 2020-06-15 |
ES2763177T3 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
HUE047330T2 (en) | 2020-04-28 |
FR2917752A1 (en) | 2008-12-26 |
WO2009000751A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
US20100236669A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
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