EP2165495A2 - Multi-code precoding for sequence modulation - Google Patents
Multi-code precoding for sequence modulationInfo
- Publication number
- EP2165495A2 EP2165495A2 EP08763241A EP08763241A EP2165495A2 EP 2165495 A2 EP2165495 A2 EP 2165495A2 EP 08763241 A EP08763241 A EP 08763241A EP 08763241 A EP08763241 A EP 08763241A EP 2165495 A2 EP2165495 A2 EP 2165495A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- codes
- symbols
- sequence
- orthogonal
- precoding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2614—Peak power aspects
- H04L27/2615—Reduction thereof using coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/0007—Code type
- H04J13/004—Orthogonal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/0007—Code type
- H04J13/0055—ZCZ [zero correlation zone]
- H04J13/0059—CAZAC [constant-amplitude and zero auto-correlation]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
- H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
- H04L1/0028—Formatting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
- H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
- H04L25/49—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems
- H04L25/4917—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems using multilevel codes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
- H04L5/0016—Time-frequency-code
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
Definitions
- the exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of this invention relate generally to wireless communication systems, methods, devices and computer program products and, more specifically, relate to techniques for transmitting information between a user device and a wireless network device.
- E-UTRAN also referred to as UTRAN-LTE
- UTRAN-LTE evolved UTRAN
- a working assumption has been that the DL access technique can be OFDMA, and the UL technique can be SC-FDMA.
- Figure IA reproduces Figure 12 of 3GPP TS 36.21 1 and shows the UL slot format for a generic frame structure.
- the basic uplink transmission scheme is single-carrier transmission (SC-FDMA) with cyclic prefix to achieve uplink inter-user orthogonality and to enable efficient frequency-domain equalization at the receiver side.
- SC-FDMA single-carrier transmission
- DFT S-OFDM DFT-spread OFDM
- Figure 1 B shows the generation of pilot samples.
- Zadoff-Chu symbol sequence is applied to an IFFT block via a sub-carrier mapping block.
- the sub-carrier mapping block determines which part of the spectrum is used for transmission by inserting a suitable number of zeros at the upper and/or lower end.
- a CP is inserted into the output of the IFFT block.
- SC-FDMA symbols also referred to herein as "LBs" for convenience
- a sub-frame consists of two slots. Part of the LBs are used for reference signals (pilot long blocks) for coherent demodulation. The remaining LBs are used for control and/or data transmission.
- the current working assumption is that for the PUCCH the multiplexing within a PRB is performed using CDM and (localized) FDM is used for different resource blocks.
- Two types of CDM multiplexing are used both for data and pilot LBs.
- Multiplexing based on the usage of cyclic shifts provides nearly complete orthogonality between different cyclic shifts, if the length of cyclic shift is larger than the delay spread of radio channel. For example, with an assumption of a 5 microsecond delay spread in the radio channel, up to 12 orthogonal cyclic shifts within one LB can be achieved. Sequence sets for different cells are obtained by changing the sequence index.
- CDM multiplexing may be applied between LBs based on orthogonal covering sequences, e.g., Walsh or DFT spreading.
- This orthogonal covering may be used separately for those LBs corresponding to the RS and those LBs corresponding to the data signal.
- the CQI is typically transmitted without orthogonal covering.
- control channel signaling and, in particular, the use of the PUCCH.
- UEs having a CQI transmission are CDM-multiplexed by means of different cyclic shifts of CAZAC sequences.
- a method comprising precoding a plurality of symbols, modulating the preceded plurality of symbols using multi-codes comprised of a plurality of orthogonal codes, and transmitting a signal that comprises the modulated precoded plurality of symbols, where the precoding is performed to reduce a peak to average ratio of the transmitted signal.
- a computer program embodied on a memory and executable by a processor to perform operations comprising precoding a plurality of symbols, modulating the precoded plurality of symbols using multi-codes comprised of a plurality of orthogonal codes, and transmitting a signal that comprises the modulated precoded plurality of symbols, where the precoding is performed to reduce a peak to average ratio of the transmitted signal.
- an apparatus comprising a precoder configured to precode a plurality of symbols, a modulator configured to modulate the precoded plurality of symbols using multi-codes comprised of a plurality of orthogonal codes, and a transmitter configure to transmit a signal that comprises the modulated precoded plurality of symbols, where the precoding is performed to reduce a peak to average ratio of the transmitted signal.
- an apparatus comprising means for precoding a plurality of symbols, means for modulating the precoded plurality of symbols using multi-codes comprised of a plurality of orthogonal codes, and means for transmitting a signal that comprises the modulated precoded plurality of symbols, where the precoding is performed to reduce a peak to average ratio of the transmitted signal.
- the means for precoding comprises a precoder
- the means for modulating comprises a modulator
- the means for transmitting comprises a transmitter
- Figure IA reproduces Figure 12 of 3GPP TS 36.211 and shows the UL slot format for a generic frame structure .
- Figure IB is a block diagram that illustrates the generation of pilot samples for the 3GPP LTE SC-FDMA UL.
- Figure 2 shows a simplified block diagram of various electronic devices that are suitable for use in practicing the exemplary embodiments of this invention.
- Figure 3 is a logic flow diagram in accordance with exemplary embodiments of a method, and a computer program product, in accordance with this invention.
- Figure 4A is a block diagram showing in greater detail an LTE-type of transmitter that is constructed to include a modulation and precoding block in accordance with embodiments of this invention.
- Figure 4B is a block diagram showing in greater detail an LTE-type of transmitter that is constructed to include a constellation mapping table in accordance with embodiments of this invention.
- Figure 4C is a block diagram showing an alternative structure for an LTE- type of transmitter that is constructed to include a constellation mapping table in accordance with embodiments of this invention.
- Figure 5 depicts the principle of DFT precoding.
- Figure 7 is a graph that presents a performance comparison between single-code ( 1 Code) and multi-code (2 Codes) operation.
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the CM of two multi-code transmissions with and without DFT precoding.
- Figure 9A shows the construction of composite sequences from the sequences used in the multi-code modulation.
- Figure 9B shows the construction of composite sequences from the sequences used in the multi-code modulation in the frequency domain.
- the exemplary embodiments of this invention provide in at least one aspect thereof an enhancement for ZAC sequence modulation that utilizes a precoding technique for reducing PAR with a multi-code transmission.
- a wireless network 1 is adapted for communication with a UE 10 via at least one Node B (base station) 12 (also referred to herein as an eNode B 12).
- the network 1 may include a network control element 14 coupled to the eNode B 12 via a data path 13.
- the UE 10 includes a data processor (DP) 1OA, a memory (MEM) 1OB that stores a program (PROG) 1OC, and a suitable radio frequency (RF) transceiver 1OD having a transmitter (T) and a receiver (R) for bidirectional wireless communications with the eNode B 12, which also includes a DP 12A, a MEM 12B that stores a PROG 12C. and a suitable RF transceiver 12D having a transmitter (T) and a receiver (R).
- the eNode B 12 is typically coupled via the data path 13 to the network control element 14 that also includes at least one DP 14A and a MEM 14B storing an associated PROG 14C. At least one of the PROGs 1OC and 12C is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated DP, enable the electronic device to operate in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this invention, as will be discussed below in greater detail.
- the various embodiments of the UE 10 can include, but are not limited to. cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) having wireless communication capabilities, portable computers having wireless communication capabilities, image capture devices such as digital cameras having wireless communication capabilities, gaming devices having wireless communication capabilities, music storage and playback appliances having wireless communication capabilities, Internet appliances permitting wireless Internet access and browsing, as well as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of such functions.
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- image capture devices such as digital cameras having wireless communication capabilities
- gaming devices having wireless communication capabilities
- music storage and playback appliances having wireless communication capabilities
- Internet appliances permitting wireless Internet access and browsing, as well as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of such functions.
- the exemplary embodiments of this invention may be implemented by computer software executable by the DP 1 OA of the UE 10 and the DP 12 A of the eNode B 12. or by hardware, or by a combination of software (and firmware) and hardware.
- the MEMs 1OB, 12B and 14B may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory.
- the DPs 1OA. 12A and 14A may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on a multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
- DSPs digital signal processors
- FIG. 4A The location of a precoding block in the LTE transmitter (T) is shown in Figure 4A. More specifically, the exemplary embodiments of this invention may be practiced using a binary data source 20 having a bit source 2OA and an encoder 2OB.
- the output of the encoder 2OB is an input to a modulation and precoding block 22 that is constructed and operated in accordance w ith the exemplary embodiments of this invention.
- the output of the block 22 is input to a multi-code modulator 24 where the modulated and precoded symbol stream is multiplied by /??th and ;?th cyclic shifts of the ZAC code.
- the modulated signals are combined and input to a DFT-S-OFDMA transmitter block 26 that includes, in sequence, a DFT block 26A. a sub-carrier mapping block 26B, an IFFT block 26C and a CP block 26D (see, for example, Section 9.1.1. Basic Transmission Scheme, of 3GPP TR 25.814, V7.1.0 (2006-09)).
- the resulting signal is subsequently transmitted over the air interface.
- the operation of the modulation and precoding block 22 can be implemented, as two non-limiting examples, by a DFT spreader or by specific constellation mapping table.
- FIG. 5 The basic principle of DFT spreading is shown in Figure 5.
- an input of a DFT spreader 23B is a block of symbols output from a QPSK modulator 23A.
- DFT operation generates a block of symbols for the multi-code modulator 24.
- the size of the DFT input and output is equal to the number of multi-codes in use.
- the principle of the constellation mapping table is shown in Figure 6A, which shows a direct constellation mapping table with two multi-codes.
- the table of Figure 6A presents the mapping for all possible four-bit signaling words (/>(/?), &(/?+!), b(n+2), b(n+3)) into two modulated complex-valued symbols (Code 1. Code 2).
- the constellation mapping based on the table of Figure 6A may result in reduced UE 10 complexity, at least when using a small number (e.g., two) of multi-codes.
- a corresponding transmitter for the case of two multi-codes is shown in Figure 4B.
- Figure 4B additionally shows a constellation mapping block 30 that implements the exemplary two code mapping table shown in Figure 6A. Outputs of the constellation mapping block 30 are applied to multipliers 34A, 34B whose other inputs are provided by blocks 32A. 32B, respectively, representing the //7th and /7th cyclic shifts of the ZAC code, respectively.
- FIG. 6B shows an alternative constellation mapping table with multi-codes.
- the table of Figure 6B presents the mapping for all possible four-bit signaling words (b(n). b(n+ ⁇ ), b ⁇ i+2), b(n+3)) into four modulated complex-valued symbols, each symbol modulating a single composite sequence (Code 1. Code 2. Code 3, Code 4) constructed from two ZAC sequences used in the multi-code modulation.
- the corresponding transmitter for this case is shown in Figure 4C. and includes a sequence selector block (from the Codes 1-4) 38 and the multiplier 34.
- Code 2. Code3. and Code 4 is shown in Figure 9A.
- An alternative embodiment for constructing the composite sequences in the frequency domain is shown in Figure 9B.
- the frequency domain cyclic shifting blocks 4OA. 4OB perform a time domain cyclic shift by rotating each of the sequence elements by a particular angle.
- the embodiment of Figure 9B may be preferable for the case where the ZAC sequences are defined in the frequency domain, as shown in Figure IB.
- the separation between the ZAC sequence cyclic shifts used in the multi- code modulator 24 is preferably N ⁇ n, where N is the sequence length and m is the number of multi-codes, in order to obtain optimum CM properties.
- the exemplary embodiments of this invention are. however, not limited to the use of this particular separation.
- adjacent cyclic shifts of a ZAC sequence may be allocated for different multi- codes.
- the cyclic shifts of a ZAC sequence may be multiplied with a multiplier specific for that cyclic sequence and that DFT-S-OFDMA symbol.
- the multiplier may constitute an element of orthogonal sequence used for block-wise spreading over the DFT-S- OFDMA symbols.
- different orthogonal sequences may be used for the block- wise spreading of the cyclic shifts of a ZAC sequence.
- This non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the invention may be applicable in the case of multi-ACK/NACK signaling in time-division duplex (TDD) mode of LTE system.
- TDD time-division duplex
- Another use case is the half-duplex mode of LTE FDD system.
- Multi-ACK/NACK relates to the situation where multiple DL packets transmitted on PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) have their own HARQ process and the respective ACK/NACK signaling. Further, this may cause multiple ACK/NACK symbols per UL subframe .
- PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
- the number of orthogonal sequences available within a cell for the block- wise spreading may be limited by the number of reference signal symbols in a slot.
- Multi- code transmission can use the same reference signal structure as single-code transmission.
- At least one of the orthogonal sequences used for block-wise spreading of multi-code transmission may be a sequence that is not available single-code transmissions within the cell.
- multi-code transmission may be arranged so that it does not require more UL PUCCH resources than single-code transmission.
- the use of the exemplary embodiments of this invention improves the spectrum efficiency of the UL PUCCH, as it allows multi-code transmission without a significant PAR increase. The advantages are demonstrated in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
- Figure 7 shows the benefits of multi-code CQI transmission over single code transmission in the terms of required SNR for a certain CQI size.
- the results show- that the technique in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this invention provide a very significant link performance improvement, especially with CQI packets of 20 symbols (6 dB), while the gain with a 10 symbol CQI message is still greater than 1 dB.
- One reason for this significant performance improvement is the increased coding gain.
- the symbol rate of a dual-code transmission is twice that of a single-code transmission.
- Figure 8 shows a benefit derived by the use of the exemplary embodiments of this invention in the terms of CM reduction.
- the CM is analyzed for 33 random CAZAC sequences.
- all of the 33 sequences have a CM that is less than 1.3 dB, and approximately half of the sequences have a CM less than 1 dB, which is a typical value for QPSK data modulation.
- precoding comprises modulating and DFT spreading, where a size of an input and an output of a DFT spreader equals the number of codes of the multi-code.
- transmitting comprises applying in sequence to the modulated precoded plurality of symbols at least a sub-carrier mapping operation, an IFFT operation, and a CP insertion operation.
- UE 10 of Figure 2 is constructed to contain circuitry configured to precode a plurality of symbols, to modulate the precoded plurality of symbols using multi-codes comprised of a plurality of cyclic shifts of a ZAC code sequence, and to transmit the modulated precoded plurality of symbols, where precoding is performed to reduce a peak to average ratio of a transmitted signal.
- the circuitry configured to precode comprises one of a modulator and a DFT spreader, where a size of an input and an output of the DFT spreader equals the number of codes of the multi-code, or a table stored in a memory used to directly map the plurality of symbols to inphase and quadrature values for each of the multi-codes.
- a separation between the ZAC sequence cyclic shifts may be N/m, where N is the sequence length and m is the number of multi-codes, or may be based on adjacent cyclic shifts of the ZAC sequence that are allocated for different multi-codes.
- the transmitted signal comprises a PUCCH sent to an eNB of an LTE network.
- circuitry is embodied at least partially in at least one integrated circuit.
- a transmitter comprises, in sequence, at least a sub-carrier mapping block, an IFFT block, and a CP insertion block.
- the various exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof.
- some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the invention is not limited thereto.
- firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the invention is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the exemplary embodiments of this invention may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in.
- the exemplary embodiments of this invention are not limited for use with only this one particular type of wireless communication system, and that they may be used to advantage in other wireless communication systems. Further, the exemplary embodiments of this invention are not constrained for use with any specific frame format, numbers of long blocks within a frame, sub-carrier mapping scheme, type of modulation and/or precoding technique, as non-limiting examples, that may have been referred to above. Further still, multi-codes based on other than cyclic shifts of a ZAC sequence may also be employed in some embodiments of this invention.
- sequences which have a zero autocorrelation zone property, but which do not have constant amplitude in time may be employed.
- the separation between cyclic shifts of a sequence may be other than N/m.
- consecutive cyclic shifts may be used, in particular with sequences having a zero autocorrelation zone property but lacking a constant amplitude in time.
- connection means any connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements, and may encompass the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” together.
- the coupling or connection between the elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof.
- two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” together by the use of one or more wires, cables and/or printed electrical connections, as well as by the use of electromagnetic energy, such as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency region, the microwave region and the optical (both visible and invisible) region, as several non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US93376007P | 2007-06-08 | 2007-06-08 | |
PCT/IB2008/052245 WO2008149323A2 (en) | 2007-06-08 | 2008-06-06 | Multi-code precoding for othogonal multicarrier modulation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2165495A2 true EP2165495A2 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
Family
ID=39931290
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP08763241A Withdrawn EP2165495A2 (en) | 2007-06-08 | 2008-06-06 | Multi-code precoding for sequence modulation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2165495A2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101772930A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008149323A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BR112012021419A2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2019-09-24 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | method and arrangement for jointly reducing the peak to average power ratio and the type of signal modulation for precoded enhanced general packet radio service (egprs). |
CN109075843B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2021-02-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Polarized spectrum pre-coded transmission |
JP7061564B2 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2022-04-28 | パナソニック インテレクチュアル プロパティ コーポレーション オブ アメリカ | Transmitter and transmission method |
CN110249598B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2023-03-24 | 苹果公司 | Arrangement in a base station |
Family Cites Families (1)
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US7787546B2 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2010-08-31 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for FT pre-coding of data to reduce PAPR in a multi-carrier wireless network |
-
2008
- 2008-06-06 CN CN200880101884A patent/CN101772930A/en active Pending
- 2008-06-06 EP EP08763241A patent/EP2165495A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-06-06 WO PCT/IB2008/052245 patent/WO2008149323A2/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2008149323A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2008149323A3 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
CN101772930A (en) | 2010-07-07 |
WO2008149323A2 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
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