EP2163278A1 - Cartridge for heating breathable air in a training breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Cartridge for heating breathable air in a training breathing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2163278A1
EP2163278A1 EP09169530A EP09169530A EP2163278A1 EP 2163278 A1 EP2163278 A1 EP 2163278A1 EP 09169530 A EP09169530 A EP 09169530A EP 09169530 A EP09169530 A EP 09169530A EP 2163278 A1 EP2163278 A1 EP 2163278A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
breathing apparatus
heating
training
air
cartridge
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Granted
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EP09169530A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2163278B1 (en
Inventor
Keith KRÜGEL
Karl-Heinz Feldner
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MSA Europe GmbH
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MSA Auer GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/003—Means for influencing the temperature or humidity of the breathing gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • FSRs filter self-rescues
  • Oxygenating devices that provide oxygen to the wearer independently of outside air in a closed system based on its exhaled air are self-sustaining filter scavengers. Accordingly, the wearer often breathes outside air having a high temperature, such as in the event of a fire ,
  • the DE 35 45 439 A1 uses for the filter self-simulator to generate warm air only a container of soda lime [mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 )], with which the exhaled CO 2 and / or moisture reacts.
  • a predominantly an additional drying layer imppregnated activated carbon
  • a comparable technical solution, also involving soda lime, is the subject of GB 2011792 A ,
  • the disadvantage here is the complicated, since multi-layered structure. Furthermore, larger amounts of chemicals are required (1x 100g and 1x 50g) and the temperatures generated are relatively low. There are high demands on the particle size distribution of the chemicals because of the respiratory resistance to be achieved / maintained.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to provide a heating cartridge for a filter self-rescuer, which allows the training of breathing in hot outside air using a heat-generating material, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above, as well as the provision of a corresponding method for heating respiratory air, which Overcomes disadvantages.
  • the object is achieved by a heating cartridge for heating respiratory air in a training breathing apparatus according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 2. Further preferred embodiments emerge from the subclaims.
  • the object is achieved by a heating cartridge for heating respiratory air in a training breathing apparatus, wherein the heating cartridge comprises air treatment chambers and at least in an inner air treatment chamber is a heat-generating material which is substantially granular potassium peroxide (KO 2 ).
  • substantially granular potassium peroxide (KO 2 ) means that no further substances such as other water-binding or reactive substances are added to KO 2 .
  • Small amounts of impurities, such as impurities containing less than 1% by weight, which do not substantially contribute to the reaction, can be included. In the optimal case, only pure KO 2 is included.
  • the exhaled air exits the device directly via the exhalation valve.
  • Inhaled outside air which is heated when passing through the heating element according to the invention. Since the outside air contains significantly less carbon dioxide than the exhaled air, a different reaction chemically occurs in the heating cartridge than in the presence of much CO 2 , ie the KO 2 reacts almost exclusively with the moisture contained in the outside air, whereby heat is generated.
  • the method according to the invention for heating respiratory air in a breathing apparatus by means of a heating cartridge as described above is characterized in that a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C is generated during breathing within a period of 5 to 40 minutes. In a preferred embodiment During breathing, a temperature of 45 to 50 ° C is generated within a period of 5 to 20 minutes.
  • the breathing resistance (AMV) is approx. 30 l / min.
  • the present invention further comprises a training breathing apparatus having a heating cartridge as described above, wherein the training breathing apparatus is a filter self-training breathing apparatus (FSR).
  • the exercise breathing apparatus is an oxygen self-sustaining exercise breathing apparatus (SSR training breathing apparatus).
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of an embodiment of the heating cartridge according to the invention. This is particularly suitable for a filter self-rescuer, as it is offered, for example, under the name FSR W 95 from MSA Auer.
  • a heating cartridge suitable for the dimensions of a standard FSR training device comprises 20 to 60 g KO 2 , preferably 40 g KO 2 .
  • the outer air treatment chambers 6 and 8 are located in each case at the outer ends of the heating cartridge 9 two fine sieves 4, between which a fleece 5 is embedded, which acts as a dust cover.
  • the fine sieves (4) essentially serve as support and as protection for the fleece (5).
  • knitted packages 3 are arranged in the air treatment chambers 6 and 8, which preferably consist of copper. These fabric packages 3 are used for heat storage and fixation.
  • In the middle air treatment chamber 7 is granular potassium peroxide 2 as a heat-generating material.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Abstract

The heating cartridge (9) has air treatment chambers (6-8), and a heat-generating material (2) provided in an interior of one of the air treatment chambers (7). The heat-generating material is granular potassium superoxide. Temperature of 40 to 60 degrees Celsius is produced during breathing within a period of 5 to 40 minutes, where only inhaled surrounding air flows through the heating cartridge. An independent claim is also included for a method for heating breathable air in a training breathing apparatus.

Description

Die Arbeit in Bereichen wie dem Bergbau oder bei der Feuerwehr erfordert oftmals den Einsatz von Atemschutzgeräten. Diese müssen bei nicht atembarer Luft entweder Sauerstoff bereitstellen oder den Träger vor schädlichen Gasen wie Kohlenmonoxid schützen. In die letzte Gruppe fallen Filterselbstretter (FSR), welche aufgrund der in ihnen enthaltenen Filter ein Einatmen von Außenluft ermöglichen, welche bei Durchgang durch den Filter von Schadgasen befreit wird.Working in areas such as mining or the fire department often requires the use of respiratory protective equipment. In the absence of breathable air, these must either provide oxygen or protect the wearer from harmful gases such as carbon monoxide. The last group includes filter self-rescues (FSRs), which allow the inhalation of outside air due to the filters they contain, which is freed of harmful gases when passing through the filter.

Im Gegensatz zu Sauerstoffselbstrettern (SSR), d.h. sauerstoff-erzeugenden Geräten, welche den Träger unabhängig von der Außenluft in einem geschlossenen System basierend auf seiner Ausatemluft mit Sauerstoff versorgen, stellen Filterselbstretter offene Systeme dar. Entsprechend atmet der Träger oftmals Außenluft, welche eine hohe Temperatur aufweist, beispielsweise im Falle eines Brandes, ein.Unlike oxygen self-rescuer (SSR), i. Oxygenating devices that provide oxygen to the wearer independently of outside air in a closed system based on its exhaled air are self-sustaining filter scavengers. Accordingly, the wearer often breathes outside air having a high temperature, such as in the event of a fire ,

Eine weitere Erschwernis ist das Auftreten veränderter Atemwiderstände bei Verwendung von Selbstrettern. Um das Anlegen sowie den veränderten Atemwiderstand für den Ernstfall zu trainieren, werden oftmals Trainingsgeräte eingesetzt. Diese simulieren den erhöhten Widerstand bei Durchgang durch einen Filter. DE 35 45 439 A1 beschreibt hierfür beispielsweise den Einsatz von Ventilen.Another complication is the occurrence of altered respiratory resistance when using self-rescue. Training devices are often used to train the application and the changed breathing resistance in case of emergency. These simulate the increased resistance when passing through a filter. DE 35 45 439 A1 describes for example the use of valves.

Für geschlossene Systeme wie SSR's ist es bekannt, dass bei der Erzeugung des Sauerstoffs auch die Temperatur zwangsläufig steigt. Entsprechend gibt es hierfür Trainingsgeräte, welche warme Luft generieren. Beispielsweise beschreibt die DE 10 2006 644 951 B3 den Einsatz von Zeolithen als wärmeerzeugendem Material.For closed systems such as SSRs, it is known that the temperature inevitably increases as oxygen is generated. Accordingly, there are training devices for this, which generate warm air. For example, this describes DE 10 2006 644 951 B3 the use of zeolites as a heat-generating material.

Die bekannten Filterselbstretter-Trainingsgeräte ermöglichen aber oftmals nicht die Gewöhnung an das Veratmen heißer oder sehr heißer Luft. Die DE 35 45 439 A1 verwendet für den Filter-Selbstretter-Simulator zur Erzeugung warmer Luft lediglich einen Behälter mit Natronkalk [Stoffgemisch aus Natriumhydroxid (NaOH) und Calciumhydroxid (Ca(OH)2)], mit welchem das ausgeatmete CO2 und/oder die Feuchtigkeit reagiert. Zur Wärmegewinnung wird dabei überwiegend eine zusätzliche Trocknungsschicht (imprägnierte Aktivkohle) benutzt, die vor dem Atemkalk (zur Mundstückseite) liegt. Eine vergleichbare technische Lösung, ebenfalls unter Mitwirkung von Natronkalk, ist Gegenstand der GB 2011792 A .However, the known filter self-training devices often do not allow the habituation to the breathing of hot or very hot air. The DE 35 45 439 A1 uses for the filter self-simulator to generate warm air only a container of soda lime [mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 )], with which the exhaled CO 2 and / or moisture reacts. To heat a predominantly an additional drying layer (impregnated activated carbon) is used, which is in front of the soda lime (mouthpiece side). A comparable technical solution, also involving soda lime, is the subject of GB 2011792 A ,

Nachteilig hierbei ist der komplizierte, da mehrschichtige Aufbau. Weiterhin sind größere Chemikalmengen erforderlich (1x 100g und 1x 50g) und die erzeugten Temperaturen sind relativ niedrig. Es sind hohe Anforderungen an die Kornverteilung der Chemikalien wegen der zu erzielenden/einzuhaltenden Atemwiderstände zu stellen.The disadvantage here is the complicated, since multi-layered structure. Furthermore, larger amounts of chemicals are required (1x 100g and 1x 50g) and the temperatures generated are relatively low. There are high demands on the particle size distribution of the chemicals because of the respiratory resistance to be achieved / maintained.

Aufgabe der Erfindung war daher die Bereitstellung einer Heizpatrone für einen Filterselbstretter, welche das Training des Atmens bei heißer Außenluft unter Verwendung eines wärmeerzeugenden Materials ermöglicht, welches die oben genannten Nachteile vermeidet, ebenso wie die Bereitstellung eines entsprechenden Verfahrens zum Erhitzen von Atemluft, welches die genannten Nachteile überwindet.The object of the invention was therefore to provide a heating cartridge for a filter self-rescuer, which allows the training of breathing in hot outside air using a heat-generating material, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above, as well as the provision of a corresponding method for heating respiratory air, which Overcomes disadvantages.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Heizpatrone zum Erhitzen von Atemluft in einem Trainingsatemgerät gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2. Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. In anderen Worten wird die Aufgabe durch eine Heizpatrone zum Erhitzen von Atemluft in einem Trainingsatemgerät gelöst, wobei die Heizpatrone Luftbehandlungskammern aufweist und sich mindestens in einer inneren Luftbehandlungskammer ein wärmeerzeugendes Material befindet, welches im Wesentlichen granuläres Kaliumhyperoxid (KO2) ist. "Im Wesentlichen granuläres Kaliumhyperoxid (KO2)" bedeutet, dass dem KO2 keine weiteren Stoffe wie andere wasserbindende oder reaktive Stoffe zugesetzt werden. Geringe Beimengungen wie beispielsweise Verunreinigungen mit einem Gehalt von weniger als 1 Gew.-%, die im Wesentlichen nicht zur Reaktion beitragen, können enthalten sein. Im Optimalfall ist ausschließlich reines KO2 enthalten.The object is achieved by a heating cartridge for heating respiratory air in a training breathing apparatus according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 2. Further preferred embodiments emerge from the subclaims. In other words, the object is achieved by a heating cartridge for heating respiratory air in a training breathing apparatus, wherein the heating cartridge comprises air treatment chambers and at least in an inner air treatment chamber is a heat-generating material which is substantially granular potassium peroxide (KO 2 ). "Substantially granular potassium peroxide (KO 2 )" means that no further substances such as other water-binding or reactive substances are added to KO 2 . Small amounts of impurities, such as impurities containing less than 1% by weight, which do not substantially contribute to the reaction, can be included. In the optimal case, only pure KO 2 is included.

Bei einem Filterselbstretter-Trainingsatemgerät verlässt die Außatemluft das Gerät direkt über das Ausatemventil. Eingeatmet wird Außenluft, welche bei Durchgang durch die erfindungsgemäße Heizpatrone erwärmt wird. Da die Außenluft deutlich weniger Kohlendioxid als die Ausatemluft enthält, läuft in der Heizpatrone chemisch eine andere Reaktion als bei Anwesenheit von viel CO2 ab, d.h. das KO2 reagiert nahezu ausschließlich mit der in der Außenluft enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit, wobei Wärme erzeugt wird.In a filter self-respiratory exercise breathing apparatus, the exhaled air exits the device directly via the exhalation valve. Inhaled outside air, which is heated when passing through the heating element according to the invention. Since the outside air contains significantly less carbon dioxide than the exhaled air, a different reaction chemically occurs in the heating cartridge than in the presence of much CO 2 , ie the KO 2 reacts almost exclusively with the moisture contained in the outside air, whereby heat is generated.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Erhitzen von Atemluft in einem Atemgerät mittels einer Heizpatrone wie oben beschrieben ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Atmen innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 5 bis 40 Minuten eine Temperatur von 40 bis 60°C erzeugt wird. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird beim Atmen innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 5 bis 20 Minuten eine Temperatur von 45 bis 50°C erzeugt. Der Atemwiderstand (AMV) beträgt ca. 30 l/min.The method according to the invention for heating respiratory air in a breathing apparatus by means of a heating cartridge as described above is characterized in that a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C is generated during breathing within a period of 5 to 40 minutes. In a preferred embodiment During breathing, a temperature of 45 to 50 ° C is generated within a period of 5 to 20 minutes. The breathing resistance (AMV) is approx. 30 l / min.

Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst weiterhin ein Trainingsatemgerät mit einer Heizpatrone wie oben beschrieben, wobei das Trainingsatemgerät ein Filterselbstretter-Trainingsatemgerät (FSR-Trainingsatemgerät) ist. In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Trainingsatemgeräts mit einer Heizpatrone wie oben beschrieben ist das Trainingsatemgerät ein Sauerstoffselbstretter-Trainingsatemgerät (SSR-Trainingsatemgerät).The present invention further comprises a training breathing apparatus having a heating cartridge as described above, wherein the training breathing apparatus is a filter self-training breathing apparatus (FSR). In another preferred embodiment of the exercise breathing apparatus with a heating cartridge as described above, the exercise breathing apparatus is an oxygen self-sustaining exercise breathing apparatus (SSR training breathing apparatus).

Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Fig. 1 zeigt den schematischen Aufbau einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Heizpatrone. Diese ist insbesondere geeignet für einen Filterselbstretter, wie er beispielsweise unter der Bezeichnung FSR W 95 von der Firma MSA Auer angeboten wird. Eine für die Dimensionen eines Standard-FSR-Trainingsgeräts geeignete Heizpatrone umfasst 20 bis 60 g KO2, vorzugsweise 40 g KO2.An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Fig. 1 shows the schematic structure of an embodiment of the heating cartridge according to the invention. This is particularly suitable for a filter self-rescuer, as it is offered, for example, under the name FSR W 95 from MSA Auer. A heating cartridge suitable for the dimensions of a standard FSR training device comprises 20 to 60 g KO 2 , preferably 40 g KO 2 .

Abgebildet ist eine Schnittansicht der Heizpatrone 9 mit einem Gehäuse 1, welches in drei Luftbehandlungskammern 6, 7 und 8 unterteilt ist. In den äußeren Luftbehandlungskammern 6 und 8 befinden sich jeweils an den äußeren Enden der Heizpatrone 9 zwei Feinsiebe 4, zwischen die ein Vlies 5 eingebettet ist, welches als Staubschutz fungiert. Die Feinsiebe (4) dienen im Wesentlichen der Halterung und als Schutz für das Vlies (5). In Richtung zur mittleren Luftbehandlungskammer 7 sind Gestrickpakete 3 in den Luftbehandlungskammern 6 und 8 angeordnet, welche vorzugsweise aus Kupfer bestehen. Diese Gestrickpakete 3 dienen der Wärmespeicherung und Fixierung. In der mittleren Luftbehandlungskammer 7 befindet sich granuläres Kaliumhyperoxid 2 als wärmeerzeugendes Material.Shown is a sectional view of the heating element 9 with a housing 1, which is divided into three air treatment chambers 6, 7 and 8. In the outer air treatment chambers 6 and 8 are located in each case at the outer ends of the heating cartridge 9 two fine sieves 4, between which a fleece 5 is embedded, which acts as a dust cover. The fine sieves (4) essentially serve as support and as protection for the fleece (5). In the direction of the middle air treatment chamber 7 knitted packages 3 are arranged in the air treatment chambers 6 and 8, which preferably consist of copper. These fabric packages 3 are used for heat storage and fixation. In the middle air treatment chamber 7 is granular potassium peroxide 2 as a heat-generating material.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Gehäusecasing
22
Granuläres KaliumhyperoxidGranular potassium peroxide
33
Kupfer-Gestrickpaket(e)Copper knit package (s)
44
Feinsieb(e)Fine sieve (e)
55
Vlies(e)Nonwoven (e)
66
LuftbehandlungskammerAir treatment chamber
77
LuftbehandlungskammerAir treatment chamber
88th
LuftbehandlungskammerAir treatment chamber
99
HeizpatroneCartridge Heater

Claims (6)

Heizpatrone (9) zum Erhitzen von Atemluft in einem Trainingsatemgerät, wobei die Heizpatrone (9) Luftbehandlungskammern (6,7, 8) aufweist und sich mindestens in einer inneren Luftbehandlungskammer (7) ein wärmeerzeugendes Material (2) befindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wärmeerzeugende Material im Wesentlichen granuläres Kaliumhyperoxid (KO2) ist.Heating cartridge (9) for heating respiratory air in a training breathing apparatus, wherein the heating cartridge (9) air treatment chambers (6,7, 8) and at least in an inner air treatment chamber (7) is a heat generating material (2), characterized in that the heat generating material is essentially granular potassium (KO 2 ). Verfahren zum Erhitzen von Atemluft in einem Atemgerät mittels einer Heizpatrone nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Atmen innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 5 bis 40 Minuten eine Temperatur von 40 bis 60°C erzeugt wird.A method for heating respiratory air in a respirator by means of a heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C is generated during breathing within a period of 5 to 40 minutes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Atmen innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 5 bis 20 Minuten eine Temperatur von 45 bis 50°C erzeugt wird.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that a temperature of 45 to 50 ° C is generated during breathing within a period of 5 to 20 minutes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizpatrone (9) nur von der eingeatmeten Außenluft durchströmt wird.A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heating cartridge (9) is only flowed through by the inhaled outside air. Trainingsatemgerät mit einer Heizpatrone (9) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Trainingsatemgerät ein Filterselbstretter-Trainingsatemgerät (FSR-Trainingsatemgerät) ist.Training breathing apparatus with a heating cartridge (9) according to claim 1, characterized in that the training breathing apparatus is a filter self-rescuer training breathing apparatus (FSR training breathing apparatus). Trainingsatemgerät mit einer Heizpatrone (9) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Trainingsatemgerät ein Sauerstoffselbstretter-Trainingsatemgerät (SSR-Trainingsatemgerät) ist.Training breathing apparatus with a heating cartridge (9) according to claim 1, characterized in that the training breathing apparatus is an oxygen self-rehearsing training breathing apparatus (SSR training breathing apparatus).
EP20090169530 2008-09-10 2009-09-04 Cartridge for heating breathable air in a training breathing apparatus Active EP2163278B1 (en)

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DE200810041938 DE102008041938B4 (en) 2008-09-10 2008-09-10 Heating cartridge for heating breathing air in a training breathing apparatus

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EP2163278A1 true EP2163278A1 (en) 2010-03-17
EP2163278B1 EP2163278B1 (en) 2015-01-28

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115282514A (en) * 2022-09-02 2022-11-04 邸天健 Artificial intelligence type self-rescuer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016217325B4 (en) 2016-09-12 2020-01-02 Msa Europe Gmbh Cartridge and breathing apparatus containing it

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2011792A (en) 1978-01-10 1979-07-18 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Training Breathing Apparatus
US4265238A (en) * 1979-08-16 1981-05-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Simulated oxygen breathing apparatus
DE3545439A1 (en) 1985-01-11 1986-07-17 Coal Industry (Patents) Ltd., London SIMULATOR
DE102006044951B3 (en) 2006-09-22 2007-09-27 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Self rescuer training device, has non-oxygen releasing material in granular fill in container and non-oxygen releasing material is zeolite

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005003176B3 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-20 Msa Auer Gmbh Oxygen generating breathing apparatus
US8353706B2 (en) * 2007-01-19 2013-01-15 Ocenco, Inc. Breathing apparatus simulator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2011792A (en) 1978-01-10 1979-07-18 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Training Breathing Apparatus
US4265238A (en) * 1979-08-16 1981-05-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Simulated oxygen breathing apparatus
DE3545439A1 (en) 1985-01-11 1986-07-17 Coal Industry (Patents) Ltd., London SIMULATOR
DE102006044951B3 (en) 2006-09-22 2007-09-27 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Self rescuer training device, has non-oxygen releasing material in granular fill in container and non-oxygen releasing material is zeolite

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115282514A (en) * 2022-09-02 2022-11-04 邸天健 Artificial intelligence type self-rescuer
CN115282514B (en) * 2022-09-02 2023-11-21 邸天健 Artificial intelligence self-rescuer

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EP2163278B1 (en) 2015-01-28
DE102008041938B4 (en) 2013-05-29
DE102008041938A1 (en) 2010-03-18

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