EP2162723A2 - Systeme de mesure pour un fluide s'ecoulant dans une conduite de processus - Google Patents

Systeme de mesure pour un fluide s'ecoulant dans une conduite de processus

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Publication number
EP2162723A2
EP2162723A2 EP08785888A EP08785888A EP2162723A2 EP 2162723 A2 EP2162723 A2 EP 2162723A2 EP 08785888 A EP08785888 A EP 08785888A EP 08785888 A EP08785888 A EP 08785888A EP 2162723 A2 EP2162723 A2 EP 2162723A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring
medium
measuring system
density
esp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP08785888A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rainer Höcker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Flowtec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG, Flowtec AG filed Critical Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Publication of EP2162723A2 publication Critical patent/EP2162723A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/26—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring pressure differences
    • G01N9/266—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring pressure differences for determining gas density

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring system for measuring a density of a fluid flowing in a process line, changing along an imaginary flow axis of the measuring system with respect to a thermodynamic state, esp. At least partially compressible medium by means of a temperature sensor, a Pressure sensor and a temperature and pressure sensor each at least temporarily communicating measuring electronics, which generates at least temporarily at least one density measured value, which represents a local density of the flowing medium as accurately as possible.
  • a temperature sensor for detecting process-describing measured variables flowing
  • thermodynamic state variable density or measured variables derived therefrom and for the production of measured values corresponding to the same measured variable are used in industrial process measuring technology, esp. Also in connection with the automation of chemical or process engineering, process-installed measuring systems, often by means of two or more communicating with each other, each mounted directly on or in a flow-through medium process line independent field meters are formed.
  • the measured variables to be detected may include, for example, other thermodynamic state variables such as pressure or temperature, directly or indirectly measurable flow parameters such as a flow velocity, a volume flow or a mass flow, or other complex transport quantities , such as a heat flow, as well as other medium-specific parameters, such as a viscosity of at least a proportion of liquid, powdery or gaseous medium, which is performed in a, for example, designed as a pipeline, process line accordingly.
  • measuring systems of the type in question at least one corresponding flow sensor, which - at least predominantly on a primarily to be detected flow parameters of flowing medium or changes thereof - at least one of the primary detected measured variable in operation influenced and this as possible accurately representing, esp. Electric, measuring signal delivers.
  • the at least one flow sensor can be designed to be at least partially contacting the medium, for example immersing it, or measuring it from outside through the wall of the process line or a membrane.
  • the flow sensor is provided by means of a mostly very complex fürflußaufillons, which is inserted directly into the medium leading process line or in a bypass accordingly.
  • flow parameters are often those in which at least one of the actual measuring signals supplied - hereinafter referred to as real - measuring points by means of a compact in-line measuring device with a flow sensor of the aforementioned type is formed.
  • EP-A 605 944 EP-A 984 248, EP-A 1 767 908, GB-A 21 42 725, US-A 43 08 754, US-A 44 20 983, US-A 44 68 971, US -A 45 24 610, US-A 47 16 770, US-A 47 68 384, US-A 50 52 229, US-A 50 52 230, US-A 51 31 279, US-A 52 31 884, US Pat.
  • this further has at least one corresponding measuring electronics.
  • the measuring electronics which are suitably communicated with the respective measuring transducer, in particular also the at least one transducer element, generates in operation using the at least one measuring transducer Measuring signal repeats at least one measurement value currently representing the measured value, for example, a mass flow rate measurement, volume flow rate measurement, a density measurement, a viscosity measurement, a pressure reading, a temperature reading or the like.
  • the measured values are often determined by means of highly complex calculations according to one of the mentioned industry standards, for example "AGA 4", “AGA 8", “AGA-NX19”, “IAWPS-I F97 “,” SGERG-88 "or the like.
  • such measuring systems usually comprise a corresponding electronics housing, which, such. proposed in US-A 63 97 683 or WO-A 00/36 379, remote from the transducer and can be connected to this only via a flexible line.
  • a corresponding electronics housing which, such. proposed in US-A 63 97 683 or WO-A 00/36 379, remote from the transducer and can be connected to this only via a flexible line.
  • the electronics housing but also, such. also shown in EP-A 903 651 or EP-A 1 008 836, to form a compact in-line meter - for example, a Coriolis mass flow / density meter, an ultrasonic flow meter, a vortex flow meter, a thermal flowmeter, a magneto-inductive flowmeter or the like - be arranged directly on the transducer or a measuring transducer separately housed Meßaufsmelling housing.
  • the electronics housing as shown for example in EP-A 984 248, US-A 47 16 770 or US-A 63 52 000, often also serves to accommodate some mechanical components of the transducer, such as e.g. under mechanical action operatively deforming membrane, rod, sleeve or tubular deformation or vibration body, see. this also the aforementioned US-B 63 52 000.
  • the respective measuring electronics is usually via appropriate electrical lines and / or wirelessly with one of the measuring electronics usually arranged spatially remote and usually also spatially distributed parent electrically connected to the electronic data processing system, to which the measured values generated by the respective measuring system are passed on in a timely manner by means of a correspondingly carrying measured value signal.
  • Measuring system of the type described are also usually by means of a provided within the parent data processing system - wired and / or radio-based -
  • the data processing system usually also serves to condition the measured value signal supplied by the measuring electronics in accordance with the requirements of downstream data transmission networks, for example suitably to digitize and optionally convert into a corresponding telegram, and / or evaluate it on site.
  • electrically coupled evaluation circuits are provided in such data processing systems with the respective connection lines, which pre-process and / or further process the measured values received from the respective measuring electronics and, if necessary, convert them appropriately.
  • For data transmission serve in such industrial data processing systems at least in sections, esp.
  • Serial, field buses such as FOUNDATION FIELDBUS, CAN, CAN-OPEN RACKBUS RS 485, PROFI BUS, etc., or, for example, networks based on the ETHERNET standard and the corresponding, mostly application-independent standardized transmission protocols.
  • FOUNDATION FIELDBUS CAN
  • CAN-OPEN RACKBUS RS 485, PROFI BUS etc.
  • networks based on the ETHERNET standard and the corresponding, mostly application-independent standardized transmission protocols are usually, in addition to such a process visualization.
  • measuring electronics of modern field measuring devices allow not only the actual measured value transmission but also the transmission of various setting and / or operating parameters used in the measuring system, e.g. Calibration data, measured value ranges or diagnostics values determined field-internally. Taking into account this, most of the operating data assigned to the measuring system can usually also be sent via the aforementioned, in most cases hybrid transmission networks, with regard to transmission physics and / or transmission logic.
  • a supply circuit can be associated, for example, with exactly one measuring electronics in each case and together with the evaluation circuit assigned to the respective measuring device-for example combined to form a corresponding field bus adapter-in a common, e.g. be designed as a DIN rail module, housed housing. But it is also quite common to accommodate such higher-level evaluation circuits and supply circuits in each case in separate, possibly spatially distant housings and to wire together via external lines accordingly.
  • such a measuring system is formed by means of a Sirirewhituleau fashions, so for example, in addition to the at least one practically directly detected, serving as a primary measurement variable flow parameters, for example, the volume flow, using more remote sensing variables, such as a remote local temperature or a remote local pressure in the medium, also derived secondary measured variables, such as a mass flow and / or density, at least indirectly determined by means of the same measuring electronics and so far at least virtually measured.
  • Experimental investigations on distributed measuring systems of the type in question for example those which - as shown inter alia in US-B 66 51 512 - by directly measured volume flow and virtually measured density determine a mass flow as an indirect measurement, have shown that, esp.
  • the Reynolds number or the thermodynamic state of the medium not only temporally but also to a large extent spatially may be variable, especially in the direction of the flow axis of the measuring system.
  • those applications show a significant cross-sensitivity to spatial variances of the Reynolds number or the thermodynamic state in which the measurement of at least one of the measured variables takes place at a measuring point - real or virtual - at which the Process line one of at least one of the other - real or virtual - measuring points deviating caliber has.
  • an object of the invention is to increase the accuracy of such secondary measurement variables, which are determined using spatially distributed detected thermodynamic state variables, such as pressure and / or temperature.
  • the invention consists in a measuring system for measuring a density of flowing in a process line, along an imaginary flow axis of the measuring system with respect to a thermodynamic state variable, esp. At least partially compressible medium.
  • the measuring system comprises at least one temperature sensor placed at a temperature measuring point and reacting primarily to a local temperature, ⁇ , from a medium flowing past at least one temperature measurement signal influenced by the local temperature of the medium to be measured, at least one placed at a pressure measuring point a local, in particular static, pressure, p, by past flowing medium responsive pressure sensor which supplies at least one of the local pressure, p, in the medium to be measured influenced pressure measuring signal, and at least at least the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor at least temporarily communicating measuring electronics, which, using at least one of the temperature-measuring signal and at least the pressure-measuring signal, at least temporarily generates at least one, in particular a digital, density measured value which has a local density, p, which is derived from the pressure measuring point and
  • the measuring electronics has a, esp. Non-volatile, data storage, the at least one only the currently measuring medium specifying measuring system parameters, esp. A specific heat capacity, c p , of the current medium to be measured, a molar mass, n, of the medium and / or the number determined by the molecular structure of the medium, f, of vibrational degrees of freedom of the atoms or molecules of the medium, at least temporarily holds.
  • the measuring electronics determines the density measured value using at least one measuring system parameters specifying only the medium currently to be measured.
  • the measuring electronics one, esp. Non-volatile, data storage having at least one of both the currently measured by the measuring system medium and a current installation situation of the measuring system specifying Meßsystemparameter at least temporarily holds , wherein the installation situation is determined by the arrangement of pressure, temperature and Dichtemeßstelle relative to each other and in each case by the shape and size of the process line in the range of pressure, density and / or Temperaturmeßstelle.
  • the measuring electronics determines the density measured value using the at least one both the currently being measured by means of the measuring system medium and a current installation situation of the measuring system specifying Meßsystemparameter.
  • the measuring electronics has a, in particular non-volatile, data memory, which has at least one measuring system parameter of the first kind specifying the currently to be measured medium, in particular a specific heat capacity of the medium currently to be measured.
  • the installation situation by the arrangement of pressure, Temperature and Dichtemeßstelle is determined relative to each other and in each case by the shape and size of the process line in the pressure, density and / or Temperaturmeßstelle, and wherein the measuring electronics, the density measured value using at least the Meßsystemparameters first type and the measuring system parameter of the second type determined.
  • the measuring electronics at least temporarily, esp. Externally of the measuring system and / or timely determined numerical parameter values for at least one medium to be measured and / or a current installation situation of the measuring system specifying measuring system parameters, esp. a heat capacity, c P , for medium to be measured, receives, which represents a previously determined and / or measured from the density measuring point remotely measured specific heat capacity, c p , of the medium to be measured.
  • the measuring electronics communicates at least temporarily, esp. Wired and / or by radio, with a superordinate electronic data processing system, esp. Via fieldbus. According to a development of this embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the measuring electronics sends the density measured value to the data processing system and / or the measuring electronics at least temporarily numerical parameter values for the currently measured medium, esp.
  • thermodynamic properties and / or its chemical composition specifying measuring system parameters, in particular a specific heat capacity, c p , of the currently measured medium, a molar mass, n, of the currently measured medium and / or the number, f, of vibration degrees of freedom of the atoms or molecules of the currently measured medium , receives from the data processing system and / or that the measuring electronics by means of a, esp. Serial, field bus is connected to the parent electronic data processing system.
  • the measuring electronics in operation at least temporarily determines a specific heat capacity, c p , of the currently measured medium, esp. Based on the rule:
  • the measuring electronics based on the Temperaturrmeßsignal recurring one, esp. Digital, temperature measured value generated, which represents a local temperature of the medium, esp. The temperature of the medium at the Temperaturmeßstelle currently ,
  • the measuring electronics generated based on the Druckrmeßsignal recurring one, esp. Digital, pressure reading, which represents a currently in the medium, esp. At the Druckmeßstelle, prevailing pressure.
  • the measuring system further comprises at least one flow parameter, in particular a flow velocity, a volume flow or a mass flow, placed at a flow measuring point, averaged primarily at a local, in particular a cross section of the process line. of the medium to be measured, in particular also changes of the same, reactive flow sensor comprising at least one of the local flow parameter influenced flow measurement signal.
  • at least one flow parameter in particular a flow velocity, a volume flow or a mass flow
  • Flow sensor communicates and wherein the measuring electronics determines the density measured value using also the Strömungsmeßsignals; and or
  • the medium at the virtual density measuring point has a thermodynamic state corresponding to a thermodynamic state of the medium at thechismeßstelle;
  • the density measurement value represents a local density of the medium in the area of the flow sensor.
  • measuring electronics by means of a, esp. Serial, field bus and / or wirelessly communicates by radio with the flow sensor; and or
  • measuring electronics communicates at least temporarily with the flow sensor, wherein the measuring electronics using at least the Strömungsmeßsignals one, esp. Digital, speed measurement determined, which currently represents the flow rate of the flowing medium.
  • the measuring electronics also generates the density measured value using at least one, in particular digitally stored, numerical compensation factor, which is determined by a, especially in advance and / or during operation, along the The location of at least one thermodynamic state variable of the medium, in particular a temperature, a pressure or a density, and / or the location variability of the Reynolds number of the flux system occurring along the flow axis of the measuring system, in particular determined in advance and / or during operation flowing medium corresponds.
  • That the measuring electronics determines the at least one compensation factor during commissioning of the measuring system at least once; and or That the measuring electronics determined the compensation factor recurrently during operation of the measuring system, esp. With a change of at least one chemical property of the medium to be measured or with a replacement thereof by another; and or
  • the measuring electronics determines the at least one compensation factor based on a predetermined, esp. In dialogue with the user and / or externally the measuring electronics determined, specific heat capacity, c p , of the current medium; and or
  • the measuring electronics comprise a data memory which reserves the at least one compensation factor, especially as a table memory and / or non-volatile; and or
  • That the data storage holds a plurality of previously determined for different media and / or for different installation situations compensation factors
  • That the measuring electronics selects the at least one compensation factor, taking into account the current medium and the current installation situation from the plurality of held in the memory data compensation factors.
  • the measuring electronics the density measured value using at least one of both a flow rate of the medium as well as the prevailing at the Temperaturmeßstelle local temperature, determined at runtime density correction value with a current location variability of at least one thermodynamic state variable of the medium and / or that occurring with one, especially through the medium and / or design, especially due to the medium currently to be measured and a current installation situation occurring along the flow axis of the measurement system of the measuring system conditional and / or occurring along the flow axis of the measuring system, the instantaneous spatial variability of the Reynolds number of the flowing medium corresponds.
  • the measuring electronics periodically compares the density correction value during operation with at least one predetermined reference value;
  • Density correction value and reference value quantitatively signals a momentary deviation of the density correction value from the reference value and / or temporarily generates an alarm that signals an undesirable, in particular impermissibly high, discrepancy between the density correction value and the associated reference value.
  • the measuring electronics based on the pressure measuring signal and the temperature measuring a provisional density measurement, esp.
  • a provisional density measurement esp.
  • AGA 8 AGA NX-19, SGERG-88 IAWPS-IF97 , ISO 12213: 2006, which represents a density that the flowing medium at the virtual density measurement site only apparently has.
  • the measuring electronics recurrently determines a density error during operation, which corresponds to a, in particular relative, deviation from provisional density measured value and density measured value, in particular also inform a numerical density error value outputs; and or
  • the measuring electronics outputs a momentary density error corresponding to a, esp. Relative, deviation from provisional density measured value and density measured value, inform a numerical density error value and / or compares with at least one predetermined reference value and based on this Comparison generated at times an alarm that an undesirable, esp. Inadmissible high, discrepancy between provisional density reading and density reading signaled.
  • the measuring system further comprises at least one flow parameter, in particular a flow velocity, a volumetric flow rate or a mass flow rate, placed at a flow measuring point and averaged primarily at a local, especially over a cross section of the process line. of the medium to be measured, in particular also changes of the same, reactive flow sensor comprising at least one of the local flow parameter influenced flow measurement signal
  • the measuring electronics at least temporarily communicates with the flow sensor and wherein the measuring electronics using at least the Strömungsmeßsignals one, esp. Digital,
  • Volumeflow measured value which currently represents a volume flow rate of the flowing medium
  • Density measurement and the volumetric flow rate measured a, esp. Digital, mass flow rate measured value that represents a mass flow rate of the flowing medium currently; and or
  • the measuring electronics using at least the temperature measuring signal, the pressure-measuring signal and the Strömungsmeßsignals a, esp. Digital, mass flow rate determined which currently represents a mass flow rate of the flowing medium; and or
  • the flow measuring point is arranged upstream of the temperature measuring point and / or upstream of the pressure measuring point; and or
  • the at least one flow sensor is formed by means of at least one piezoelectric and / or by means of at least one piezoresistive element; and or
  • the at least one flow sensor is formed by means of at least one electrical, esp. At least temporarily flowed through by a heating current, resistance element; and or Wherein the at least one flow sensor by means of at least one, esp. Flowing medium touching, electrical potentials tapping off measuring electrode is formed; and or
  • the at least one flow sensor is formed by means of at least one measuring capacitor reacting to changes in the flow parameter;
  • the at least one flow sensor is repeatedly subjected to mechanical deformations during operation under the action of the medium flowing in the measuring system.
  • the at least one flow sensor is repeatedly moved during operation under the action of the medium flowing in the measuring tube relative to a static rest position
  • the at least one flow sensor by means of at least one used in the course of the process line, in operation at least temporarily vibrating measuring tube and at least one vibration of the measuring tube, esp. Elektrodynamsich or opto-electronically, detecting vibration sensor is formed; and or
  • the at least one flow sensor by means of at least one constricting a cross-section of the process line flow obstacle, esp. A diaphragm or a nozzle, and by means of at least one differential pressure sensor - which may be proportionately formed by the pressure sensor placed at the pressure sensor is formed, the one detects the pressure difference occurring across the flow obstacle and supplies a pressure difference measurement signal representing it; and or
  • the measuring system comprises at least one projecting into a lumen of the process line, immersed in the medium baffle body; and or
  • Process line projecting, flow sensor downstream of at least one projecting into a lumen of the process line, immersed in the medium bluff body is arranged.
  • the measuring electronics by means of a, esp. Serial, field bus and / or Wirelessly communicates with the temperature sensor wirelessly.
  • the measuring electronics by means of a, esp. Serial, field bus and / or wirelessly communicates by radio with the pressure sensor.
  • the medium is in a thermodynamic state at the Dichtemeßstelle, at least temporarily with respect to at least one local thermodynamic state variable, esp. A temperature and / or pressure and / or density , from a thermodynamic state of the medium at the temperature measuring point and / or a thermodynamic state of the medium at the pressure measuring point significantly, esp.
  • a considerable measurement accuracy for a desired measurement of the measuring system differs.
  • the flowing medium has a Reynolds number which is greater than 1000.
  • the medium may be a gas laden with solid particles and / or droplets.
  • the medium is formed two or more phases.
  • One phase of the medium may be liquid and / or the medium may be a liquid laden with gas and / or with solid particles.
  • the measuring system further comprises an at least temporarily communicating with the measuring electronics display element for visually signaling at least the density measured value.
  • the process line at least in sections, esp. In the range at least the density measuring point and / or in the area at least the pressure-measuring point, as a at least under operating pressure substantially dimensionally stable, esp. Rigid and / or circular in cross-section, pipe is formed.
  • the process line at least in sections, esp. In the range between density measuring point and pressure measuring point and / or between density measuring point and temperature measuring point, as a substantially straight, esp. in cross-section circular, pipe is formed.
  • the process line at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle has a caliber that is different from a caliber of the process line at the pressure-measuring point.
  • This embodiment of the invention further provides that the caliber of the process line at the pressure measuring point is greater than the caliber of the process line at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle, esp. That a caliber ratio of the caliber of the process line at the pressure measuring point to the caliber of the process line is held at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle greater than 1.1.
  • a caliber ratio of a caliber of the process line is kept at the pressure measuring point to a caliber of the process line at the virtual density measuring point less than 5.
  • a caliber ratio of a caliber of the process line is maintained at the pressure measuring point to a caliber of the process line at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle in a range between 1.2 and 3.1.
  • the process line between the virtual Dichtemeßstelle and the pressure-measuring point has a line segment, which is formed as a, esp. Funnel-shaped, diffuser with in the flow direction, esp., Continuously, aufweitendem lumen ,
  • the process line between the virtual Dichtemeßstelle and the pressure-measuring point has a line segment, which is formed as a, in particular funnel-shaped, nozzle with in the flow direction, esp., Continuously, narrowing lumen.
  • the process line at the virtual density measuring point has a caliber which is substantially equal to a caliber of the process line at the pressure measuring point.
  • the process line at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle has a caliber that is different from a caliber of the process line at the temperature measuring point.
  • This embodiment of the invention further provides that the caliber of the process line at the temperature measuring point greater than the caliber at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle, esp. That a caliber ratio of the caliber of the process line at the temperature measuring point to the caliber of the process line to the virtual Dichtemeßstelle is kept greater than 1.1.
  • a caliber ratio of the caliber of the process line at the temperature measuring point to the caliber of the process line at the virtual density measuring point is kept smaller than 5.
  • a caliber ratio of the caliber of the process line is maintained at the temperature measuring point to the caliber of the process line at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle in a range between 1.2 and 3.1.
  • the process line between the virtual Dichtemeßstelle and the temperature-measuring point has a line segment, which is designed as a, esp. Funnel-shaped, diffuser with in the flow direction, esp., Continuously, aufweitendem lumen ,
  • the process line between the virtual Dichtemeßstelle and the temperature-measuring point has a line segment, which is designed as a, esp. Funnel-shaped nozzle with in the flow direction, esp., Continuously, narrowing lumen.
  • the process line at the virtual density measuring point has a caliber which is substantially equal to a caliber of the process line at the temperature measuring point.
  • the virtual density measuring point is set upstream of the temperature measuring point and / or upstream of the pressure measuring point.
  • the pressure measuring point is arranged downstream of the temperature measuring point.
  • a distance of the pressure measuring point from the virtual density measuring point is different from a distance of the temperature measuring point from the virtual density measuring point.
  • a distance of the pressure measuring point from the virtual density measuring point is greater than a distance of the temperature measuring point from the virtual density measuring point.
  • a distance of the pressure measuring point of the virtual Dichtemeßstelle is greater than a caliber of the process line at the pressure measuring point and / or wherein a distance of the pressure measuring point of the temperature measuring is greater than a caliber Process line at the pressure measuring point.
  • This refinement of the invention further provides that a distance of the pressure measuring point of the virtual Dichtemeßstelle at least a 3-fold, esp. More than a 5-fold, a caliber of the process line at the pressure measuring point corresponds and / or that a distance of Pressure measuring point of the temperature measuring at least a triple, esp. More than a 5-fold, corresponds to a caliber of the process line at the pressure measuring point.
  • the measuring electronics has a microcomputer. This embodiment of the invention further provides that the measuring electronics generates at least the density measured value by means of the microcomputer.
  • the measuring system further comprises at least one, in particular explosion-proof and / or pressure and / or impact and / or weatherproof, electronic housing, in which the measuring electronics accommodated at least proportionally is.
  • the at least one, esp. Metallic, electronics housing supported on the process line and / or placed in the immediate vicinity of the virtual density measuring point.
  • a basic idea of the invention is to improve the measuring accuracy of measuring systems of the type described by measuring the masses which are used in numerous applications of industrial measuring technology with flowing media as a central measuring variable, although often real but spatially distributed Taking into account any spatial variances, especially their extent, Reynolds number and / or thermodynamic state of the flowing medium with improved accuracy to determine state variables derived density. This is done in the measuring system according to the invention in such a way that the density reliably calculated based on a previously defined for the respective measuring system, serving as a stationary imaginary measuring point reference point and in this respect is measured virtually.
  • the measuring accuracy with which the measuring system determines the local density can be significantly improved by the fact that the measuring system also determines said density taking into account a locally measured actual flow velocity and thus a further compensation of the mentioned variances of Reynolds number and / or thermodynamic state of the flowing medium accompanying error can be achieved.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that spatial variances in the Reynolds number and / or in the thermodynamic state and the associated measurement errors for specific measurement systems projected onto a single, lying in the flow direction and / or coinciding with the flow axis of the measuring system dimension and thus can be mapped into a correspondingly simplified set of measuring system parameters, which can be determined at least predominantly beforehand - experimentally and / or computer-assisted, for example in the course of a calibration of the measuring system during its completion and / or during its commissioning.
  • the set of device parameters may be specific for each specific measuring system and each specific medium and to calibrate individually, but they can but then left unchanged measuring system with respect to its chemical composition substantially constant medium itself are considered to be invariant to changes in Reynolds number and / or thermodynamic state that may occur during operation.
  • substantially constant medium itself are considered to be invariant to changes in Reynolds number and / or thermodynamic state that may occur during operation.
  • the extent of changes in the thermodynamic state occurring along the flow axis can be predetermined and thus its influence calibrated with sufficient accuracy for the measurements and compensated to that extent, and it has surprisingly been found that the magnitude of the change For a given measuring system with a constant medium is largely constant thus can be shown in a sentence while specific, but nevertheless constant device parameters.
  • An advantage of the invention is also seen in the fact that the underlying method can be subsequently implemented in numerous already installed measuring systems readily, at least insofar as the meter electronics a change in the corresponding Processing software permits.
  • Fig. 1 shows in perspective in a side view a measuring system for measuring a local density, having a flowing in a process line medium at a Dichtemeßstelle, by means of a arranged at a Druckmeßstelle pressure sensor and arranged at a Temperaturmeßstelle temperature sensor shows
  • FIG. 1 again shows the measuring system according to FIG. 1 in the manner of a block diagram
  • FIGS. 4a schematically in section different variants for
  • a density of flowing in a process line 20 optionally also two- or multi-phase medium, such as. a gas, a possibly also laden with gas and / or solid particles liquid, loaded with solid particles and / or droplets gas, optionally saturated steam or the like, very precise and equally robust to determine and, if necessary, in real time, in a correspondingly reliable, for example also digital, density measured value Xp.
  • a gas such as. a gas, a possibly also laden with gas and / or solid particles liquid, loaded with solid particles and / or droplets gas, optionally saturated steam or the like
  • the medium hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, oxygen, helium or compounds formed therefrom and / or mixtures such as e.g. Carbon dioxide, water, phosgene, air, natural gas or other hydrocarbon mixtures in question.
  • the measuring system serves to increase the density of the flowing Medium to measure very precisely in the case in which this is variable along a flow axis of the measuring system with respect to a thermodynamic state, such as reacting within the process line media, in sections cooled media or partially heated media, in compressible media and / or can occur in process lines with varying along the flow axis cross section.
  • the measuring system is further intended to precisely determine the density for flowing media having a Reynolds number, Re greater than 1000, and / or for compressible media having a compressibility, K, greater than 10 ⁇ 6 bar 1 .
  • the measuring system comprises at least one at one
  • Temperaturmeßstelle M3 placed, primarily on a local temperature, 3, from passing medium flowing temperature sensor which supplies at least one of the local temperature of the medium to be measured influenced temperature measuring x ⁇ , and at least one placed at a pressure measuring point M p , primarily to a local, For example, static and / or absolute, pressure of past flowing medium responsive pressure sensor that delivers at least one of the local pressure, p, in the medium to be measured influenced pressure measurement signal x p .
  • the pressure measuring point is arranged downstream of the temperature measuring point in the embodiment shown here, if necessary, it can of course also be arranged upstream of the temperature measuring point.
  • the measuring system further comprises at least one of the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor at least temporarily communicating - ie wired and / or wireless optionally converted corresponding measured signals x ⁇ , x p from the temperature sensor or by the pressure sensor - measuring electronics 100th on.
  • an industrial temperature sensor such as a thermocouple or a resistance thermometer of the type PtIOO or Pt 1000 serve, while as a pressure sensor, for example, an industrial, esp. Absolute and / or relatively measuring, pressure sensor, eg with capacitive pressure measuring cell can be used.
  • a pressure sensor for example, an industrial, esp. Absolute and / or relatively measuring, pressure sensor, eg with capacitive pressure measuring cell can be used.
  • pressure measuring cells for the pressure sensors or other suitable temperature sensors can be used.
  • the temperature sensor may further be, for example, as a component of an independent, industrial-grade temperature meter with its own meter electronics.
  • the temperature sensor can also be designed as an integral component of a complex in-line measuring device, which may also measure a plurality of measured variables detected by the flowing medium.
  • the pressure sensor may be an integral part of such a complex in-line measuring instrument or component of a stand-alone, industrial pressure gauge with own meter electronics.
  • the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor can also be provided by a single measuring device for pressure and temperature measurement, for example according to the industrial combination measuring device proposed in WO-A 97/48970.
  • the measuring electronics can at least partially in a, esp. Explosion and / or pressure and / or impact and / or weatherproof, electronics housing 110 housed.
  • The, for example, metallic, electronic housing 110 may, as shown in Fig. 1, optionally on the process line be held.
  • Temepratur measuring signal in the measuring electronics further provided a microcomputer ⁇ C, which also serves in particular to produce the density measured value Xp, and which may be formed for example by means of at least one microprocessor and / or by means of at least one signal processor , Alternatively or in addition, to implement the microcomputer ⁇ C, application-specific ASIC integrated circuits and / or programmable logic devices or systems may also be used, e.g. So-called field programmable gate array (FPGA) and / or so-called SOPC (system on programmable chip) as also proposed in WO-A 03/098154.
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • SOPC system on programmable chip
  • the measuring electronics at least one, for example in the immediate
  • the display element HMI may in this case also be designed, for example, inform a combined display and control element, that at least temporarily with the measuring electronics, esp., With the microcomputer provided therein microcomputer communicating display element HMI for visually signaling at least the density measured value in addition to the visualization of measured values and the input of the measuring electronics parameterizing and / or controlling operator commands by the user allow.
  • the measuring electronics based on the Temperaturmeßsignal for example, also using the optionally provided microcomputer, recurring one, esp. Digital, temperature measured value X3 generated, the local temperature of the medium, esp. The temperature of the medium at the temperature measuring point, currently representing and / or that the measuring electronics based on the Druckrmeßsignal x p , for example, again using the microcomputer optionally provided, recurring one, esp. Digital, pressure measured value X p generated, which represents currently in the medium, esp. At the pressure measuring point, prevailing pressure.
  • the measuring system is formed by two or more independent measuring devices, in the measuring system according to the invention, the measuring electronics themselves by appropriate interconnection - wired and / or wireless - of individual, insofar part electronics of the measuring electronics forming Implemented electronic instrumentation and so far also be modular.
  • the measuring electronics can communicate with the temperature sensor and / or with the pressure sensor, for example by means of a, in particular serial, field bus and / or wirelessly.
  • this can also be formed, if required, as a single electronic module into which the measuring signals generated by the pressure and / or temperature sensor are fed directly.
  • At least two meter or also part electronics 10O 1 , 10O 2 are in the manner known to those skilled to couple with each other so that in operation of at least one of the two meter electronics 10O 1 , 10O 2 accordingly generated measured data at least unidirectional to the other, insofar as acting as master electronics can be transmitted.
  • This can inform in the manner known to the skilled inform of encoded in their voltage, their current and / or their frequency measurement signals and / or inform encoded in digitally encoded telegrams measured values, eg in HART® MULTIDROP method or in the burst mode method , respectively.
  • bi-directional data connections between the two measuring device electronics 10O 1 , 10O 2 can be used to transmit the locally determined measured quantities to the respective other measuring device electronics 10O 1 or 10O 2 , for example via an external fieldbus.
  • Established standard interfaces are used, such as 4-20 mA conducted current loops, possibly also in conjunction with HART® or other relevant fieldbus protocols, and / or suitable radio links.
  • the at least one measuring electronics 10O 1 , 10O 2 further designed so that it at least temporarily communicates with the measuring system, as indicated schematically in Fig.
  • data processing system 2 is furthermore provided with at least one evaluation circuit 80, which communicates with this at least temporarily.
  • the higher-level data processing system 1 can be part of a process-oriented automated control or a far-reaching process control system, for example, which has a plurality of Prozeßleitrechnern and / or digital storage programmable controls distributed within an industrial plant spatially distributed and a corresponding, esp.
  • the data processing system further comprises at least one serving for transmitting digital measurement and / or operating data, esp. Serial fieldbus FB.
  • the at least one field bus FB may be, for example, one according to one of the standards established in industrial process automation, such as FOUNDATION FIELDBUS, PROFIBUS, CANBUS, MODBUS, RACKBUS RS 485 or the like.
  • the measuring system For forwarding the data received by the measuring system inform digital measurement data measured values, is coupled to the at least one fieldbus.
  • the latter can be connected to the data processing system 2 either directly or by means of an adapter which appropriately converts the signal carrying the measured value.
  • the measuring electronics and the spatially, possibly considerably, remote data processing system 2 are connected to one another according to a development of the invention by means of at least one in operation at least temporarily by a, esp. Variable, current I flowed through line pair 2L.
  • the current can be fed, for example, from an external electrical energy supply 70 provided in the superordinate data processing system, which during operation provides at least one, in particular uni-polar, supply voltage U v driving the current I flowing in the line pair 2L.
  • an energy source can be z. B. serve a battery and / or fed via a plant-internal power supply DC or AC power source circuit.
  • connecting the at least one line pair 2L to the measuring electronics 100 and insofar as the measuring system 1 as such this further has at least one outwardly guided terminal pair.
  • the modular one is by means of a separate one
  • Partial electronics constructed measuring electronics for example, each of the used part-electronics 10O 1 , 10O 2 be connected separately to the external power supply, for example by means of the aforementioned 4-20 mA current loop. Alternatively or in addition, however, one of the sub-electronics 10O 1 , 10O 2 be connected to the other, that they can supply them at least temporarily with electrical energy.
  • the measuring electronics are also designed so that the measuring system generates internally generated measured values, be it measured values of a single measured variable or measured values from various detected measured variables, such as the determined density and a determined mass flow - at least partially via the at least one line pair 2L to the higher-level data processing system 2 transmitted.
  • the pair of electrical lines 2L may be formed, for example, as part of a so-called, in industrial metrology extremely proven two-wire current loop.
  • the measured values generated at least temporarily via this single line pair 2L would be sent to the higher-level data processing system inform a Lastmodul mandat, esp. Clocked or continuously variable loop current and on the other hand, the measuring electronics and extent the measuring system at least temporarily and / or at least partially over the pair of wires 2L are supplied with electrical energy.
  • the measuring electronics 100 is according to a further embodiment of
  • Invention further adapted to generate in operation a plurality of at least partially representing the at least one measured variable, esp. Digital, measured values, and to transmit these at least partially via terminal and accordingly connected line pair 2L to the connected data processing system 2 to this coordinated.
  • the measuring system can also be further developed to the effect that measuring electronics 100 and
  • Data processing system 2 are also connected to each other by means of at least one additional - not shown here - second pair of lines, which is at least temporarily flowed through in accordance with a current during operation.
  • the measuring system can also transmit the internally generated measured values to the data processing system at least partially via the additional line pair.
  • the measuring system and data processing system can also communicate wirelessly, for example by means of radio waves.
  • the measuring system esp. Also exclusively, by means of an internal and / or external, esp. Replaceable and / or rechargeable, battery and / or fuel cell with electrical Provide energy.
  • the measuring system can also be fed - proportional or exclusively by means of regenerative energy sources, directly on the field meter and / or placed away from this, power converters, such as. eg thermal generators, solar cells, wind generators or the like.
  • power converters such as. eg thermal generators, solar cells, wind generators or the like.
  • device-specific data such as measuring device internal setting parameters for the measuring electronics itself and / or measuring system internal diagnostic parameters, can replace.
  • at least one communication circuit COM is also provided in the measuring electronics 100, which controls and controls the communication via the at least one line pair 2L.
  • the communications circuit serves to convert the measurement system-specific data to be transmitted into signals that are transferable via the pair of 2L electrical lines, and then to couple them therein.
  • the communication circuit COM can also be designed to receive measuring system-specific data sent externally via the respective pair of electrical lines, for example a set of setting parameters for the measuring electronics to be changed.
  • a communication circuit can, for. Example, a working according to the HART @ field communication protocol (HART Communication Foundation, Austin TX) interface circuit, which thus uses higher-frequency, FSK-coded (frequency shift keying) AC voltages as signal carrier, or according to the PROFIBUS- Standard designed interface circuit.
  • HART @ field communication protocol HART Communication Foundation, Austin TX
  • FSK-coded frequency shift keying
  • the measuring electronics in operation generates the density measured value Xp using at least the Temperaturmeßsignals x ⁇ and the pressure measurement signal x p in such a way that it represents a local density momentarily, the flowing medium at a within the process line 20 actually defined - possibly also from the real Druckmeßstelle and / or the real Temperaturmeßstelle along the flow axis predeterminably spaced - imaginary reference point actually in the absence of a corresponding density sensor there and to distinguish them by means of the temperature sensor or pressure sensor actually formed and insofar real measuring points as virtual density measurement M'p is designated.
  • the virtual density measuring point M'p can refer both to a reference point selected during operation from a large number of predetermined reference points and, to that extent, to be spatially variable in a defined manner and also to be kept stationary. At least for the latter case, according to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided to place the electronics housing 110 with measuring electronics located therein in the immediate vicinity of the virtual density measuring point M'p.
  • the definition of the virtual density measuring point M'p is carried out by appropriate configuration of the measuring electronics, esp. The calculation carried out therein for the purpose of density measurement calculation method, taking into account position and geometric expression of the real measuring points M p , M ⁇ .
  • the virtual density measuring point M'p upstream of the temperature measuring point M ⁇ and / or upstream of the pressure measuring point M p is fixed. Furthermore, it may be advantageous for the determination of the density to allow the density measuring point to conicize either with a temperature measuring point or with a pressure measuring point.
  • the flowing medium has at least one state variable, for example a temperature and / or a pressure and / or a density, and / or a Reynolds number Re indicates that - individually or together - at the virtual density measuring point M'p at least temporarily, especially in the relevant for the generation of the density measurement period and / or recurring, significantly different, at least in the sense of a desired for the density measurement accuracy Accept amount, as at least one of the actual measuring signals supplying real measuring points, ie the temperature measuring point and / or the pressure measuring point.
  • state variable for example a temperature and / or a pressure and / or a density
  • / or a Reynolds number Re indicates that - individually or together - at the virtual density measuring point M'p at least temporarily, especially in the relevant for the generation of the density measurement period and / or recurring, significantly different, at least in the sense of a desired for the density measurement accuracy Accept amount, as at least one of the actual measuring signals supplying real measuring points, ie the temperature measuring point and / or the pressure measuring
  • the medium at the virtual density measuring point is at least temporarily in a thermodynamic state and / or in a flow state that is at least a local thermodynamic state quantity - temperature, pressure, density, etc. - of a thermodynamic state of Mediums at the temperature measuring point and / or a thermodynamic state of the medium at the pressure measuring point significantly, esp.
  • This spatially variance of thermodynamic state and / or flow state in the flowing medium as already mentioned, for example, in a compressible medium, a responsive in the process line medium, an additionally cooled medium or an additionally heated medium occur.
  • thermodynamic state and / or flow state may also be caused by the fact that the medium is allowed to flow through a process line which narrows along the flow axis in sections and / or widening in sections, as for example when using nozzles or Diffusers in the process line is given, and thus accelerated or slowed down, possibly accompanied by a compression or expansion of the same.
  • the measuring electronics based on the pressure measurement signal and the Temperaturmeßsignal first a provisional density measured value X'p, for example according to one of the mentioned Industrial Standards AGA 8, AGA NX-19, SGERG-88 IAWPS-IF97, ISO 12213: 2006, which represents a density representing the flowing medium at the virtual density measurement site due to the provisional neglect of the spatial variances of the present invention thermodynamic state and / or the flow state - only apparently has.
  • the determination of the provisional density measured value X'p can thereby at least temporarily, esp. Also for at least proportionate gaseous media such as natural gas, air, methane, phosgene, etc., based on the rule:
  • n is a molar mass
  • the measuring electronics can measure the provisional density X'p, esp. At least partially water vapor-containing medium, at least temporarily also based on the rule:
  • the measuring electronics also generates the density measured value using at least one, for example digitally stored, numerical compensation factor K, which has a measuring system- and medium-specific locational variability occurring along the flow axis of the measuring system at least one thermodynamic state variable of the medium, in particular the temperature, the pressure or the density itself, and / or corresponds to a measuring system and medium-specific local variability of the Reynolds number of the flowing medium occurring along the flow axis of the measuring system.
  • K digitally stored, numerical compensation factor K, which has a measuring system- and medium-specific locational variability occurring along the flow axis of the measuring system at least one thermodynamic state variable of the medium, in particular the temperature, the pressure or the density itself, and / or corresponds to a measuring system and medium-specific local variability of the Reynolds number of the flowing medium occurring along the flow axis of the measuring system.
  • Compensation factor K can be determined at least for measuring systems with constant conditions in advance and / or during operation, for example, taking into account the actually measured medium, esp. Its chemical composition and / or its thermodynamic properties.
  • the determination of the compensation factor K can for example be done during calibration of the measuring system with known reference medium and / or during commissioning of the measuring system on site. For certain applications, in particular with media of constant chemical composition and constant thermodynamic properties, it may well be sufficient to determine the at least one compensation factor K at least once only during the commissioning of the measuring system.
  • the measuring electronics determined the compensation factor K recurrently after commissioning during operation of the measuring system.
  • the determination of the least one compensation factor K can be carried out, for example, on the basis of a predetermined, possibly in dialogue with the user - locally or remotely - and / or externally determined by the measuring electronics, specific heat capacity, c p , of the current medium.
  • the heat capacity, c p or other for the specification of the currently measured medium from the higher-level data processing system sent to the measuring electronics and in this respect are transmitted to the measuring system.
  • the measuring electronics esp.
  • at least one, esp. Non-volatile, data memory 16 for storing Meßsystemparametern on the operation of the measuring system, esp Definition of its measurement and transmission functionalities are required.
  • the at least one compensation factor K holds at least temporarily, if necessary, even when the measuring electronics.
  • the data memory can also hold a multiplicity of compensation factors determined beforehand for different media and / or for different installation situations, so that the measuring electronics store the at least one actual compensation factor K taking into account the current medium and the current installation situation from the plurality of data memories Can select compensation factors.
  • the data memory at least one measuring system parameter SP M of the first type specifying only the medium currently to be measured temporarily holds and that the measuring electronics determines the density measured value Xp using at least the at least one measuring system parameter SP M first type.
  • the measuring system parameter SP M of the first type can be, for example, a specific heat capacity, c p , of the medium currently to be measured, a molar mass, n, of the medium and / or the number, f, of vibrational degrees of freedom determined by the molecular structure of the medium the atoms or molecules of the medium and / or derived therefrom parameters, such as, if appropriate, according to one of the industry standards AGA 8, AGA NX-19, SGERG-88 IAWPS-IF97, ISO 12213: 2006 determined real gas or (Super) compressibility factor act.
  • the currently measured medium as specifying measuring system parameters SP M first type of different dimension and / of the unit of measurement can be maintained.
  • the data storage at least one both the currently measured medium and a current installation situation of the measuring system specifying measuring system parameter SP ME second type holds at least temporarily, and that the measuring electronics the density measured value Xp below Use of at least the measuring system parameters SP ME second type determined, esp. But also using the measuring system parameters SP M first kind.
  • the installation situation is - at least in a significant for the determination of the density measurement measurements - by the arrangement of pressure, Temperature and Dichtemeßstelle relative to each other and each determined by the shape and size of the process line in the pressure, density and / or Temperaturmeßstelle. Therefore, the measuring system parameter SP ME of the second kind can be, for example, a part of a parameter set reflecting the measuring points with regard to their actual position and actual characteristics of the process line in the region of the measuring points as well as the thermodynamic properties of the medium currently being measured or else the numerical value of a Be corresponding influences, for example, experimentally and / or empirically, possibly also using measuring system parameters SP M first type only be definitely determined during operation of the measuring system, complex parameter.
  • the measuring electronics at least temporarily, esp. From the higher-level data processing system telegraphed and / or timely determined numerical parameter values for at least one medium to be measured and / or a current installation situation of the measuring system specifying measuring system parameters SP M , SP ME receives, for example, the heat capacity, c P , for current and / or future medium to be measured.
  • the heat capacity, c P , or a similarly transmitted other system parameters S M first type can be determined in advance by a corresponding, for example, carried out by the density measuring point and / or externally of the measuring system, measurement and / or a user input, optionally also using the higher-level data processing system.
  • the at least temporarily - wired and / or by radio - communicating with the parent electronic data processing system measuring electronics sends the density reading to the data processing system and / or that the measuring electronics at least temporarily numeric, esp. Inform a standardized Telegram, parameter values for the currently measured medium, for example, its thermodynamic properties and / or its chemical composition, specifying measuring system parameters SP M first type receives from the data processing system. If necessary, it is also possible to determine measuring system parameters SP ME of the second type by means of the data processing system and to send inform numerical parameter values directly to the measuring electronics.
  • the compensation factor so that it only by the currently measured medium, esp. Its chemical composition and the directly derived physical properties, as well as the specific design of the measuring system with respect to the mounting dimensions and positions of the individual measuring points and the size and shape of the process line in the area of the measuring points is determined, so that it is ultimately largely independent of the real measured variables pressure and temperature.
  • the measuring electronics determines the density measured value Xp using at least one of both a flow velocity of the medium and the temperature prevailing at the temperature local temperature dependent, determined at runtime density correction value X ⁇ .
  • This density correction value X ⁇ is designed so that it with a, in particular by the currently measured medium and a current installation situation and / or along the flow axis of the measuring system occurring, instantaneous location variability of at least one thermodynamic state size of the medium and / or the one with a, in particular by the medium and / or the design of the measuring system conditional and / or occurring along the flow axis of the measuring system, corresponding instantaneous positional variability of the Reynolds number of the flowing medium.
  • a corresponding speed measurement value X v is available, which currently represents a current flow rate of the medium flowing in the measuring system.
  • the measuring electronics 100 determines the provisional density measured value X'p by means of a calculation algorithm based on the calculation rule (1) and / or on the calculation rule (2), the density measured value Xp for the virtually measured Density using both the provisional density measurement X'p and the density correction value X ⁇ continuing on the rule:
  • the measuring electronics is configured so that the density measured value Xp using the aforementioned calculation rules (4), (5) and (1) or (2) at least temporarily based on the rule :
  • the measuring electronics compares according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the density correction value X ⁇ in operation recurring with at least one predetermined measuring system specific reference value.
  • the measuring electronics quantitatively signal a momentary deviation of the density correction value X K from the reference value based on the comparison of the density correction value X K and the reference value and / or temporarily generate an alarm indicating an undesired, in particular impermissibly high, Discrepancy between density correction value X ⁇ and associated reference value signaled.
  • the electronic measuring system is furthermore designed so that, during operation, it repeatedly determines a density error which results in a, in particular relative deviation from, in the above sense standard determined, provisional density measured value X'p and density Measured value Xp corresponds, also inform a numeric density error value outputs.
  • An impermissible high discrepancy between the provisional density measured value X'p and the density measured value Xp or between the density correction value X ⁇ and the associated reference value can be attributed, for example, to incorrectly parameterized measuring electronics or an unexpected change in the medium to be measured and / or a fault be due to the process line comprehensive system.
  • the measuring electronics the density correction value X ⁇ then used in the generation of the density measured value Xp, only when the minimum is one, esp. In a range between 1 and 1, 2 is ,
  • the measuring electronics is so is configured to use the density correction value X ⁇ in the generation of the density measurement value Xp only when it is at most one, more specifically in a range between 0.8 and 1.
  • the measurement electronics informs the instantaneous density error inform a numerical density error value and / or compares with at least one predetermined reference value and based on this comparison temporarily generates an alarm that an undesirable, esp an impermissibly high, discrepancy between provisional density measured value X'p and density measured value Xp is signaled, for example on site by means of the display element HMI.
  • the measuring system is further, esp. Also equipped for the purpose of automatic and timely determination of the density correction value X ⁇ , with at least one placed at averssmeßstelle M v flow sensor, the - primarily on a local, esp averaged over a cross section of the process line, the flow velocity of the medium to be measured, esp., Changes thereof, responsive - at least one of the local flow rate influenced flow measurement signal x v delivers.
  • measuring electronics 100 and flow sensor therefore communicate with one another at least temporarily, at least in such a way that the measuring electronics are at least temporarily available for the flow measuring signal x v generated by the flow sensor.
  • the measuring electronics also determines the density measured value Xp using the flow measuring signal.
  • the measuring electronics communicate at least at times also with the flow sensor, eg also via external fieldbus and / or wirelessly by radio.
  • the in-line measuring device comprises at least one in the operation of the medium to be measured perfused, esp.
  • the support tube may for example consist of metal, plastic and / or ceramic.
  • the flow sensor is provided by a compact in-line measuring instrument which is used in the course of the process line and designed as a vortex flowmeter.
  • vortex flow meters are conventionally used to detect a flow rate and / or a volume flow of flowing media, esp. Of high temperature and / or high pressure, as a primary physical measure with high accuracy.
  • the vortex flowmeter has a vortex sensor 30 which is fixed to a tube wall 21 of a carrier tube 20 which actually forms a line segment of the process line and which projects through a bore 22 introduced therein and which serves as a flow sensor in the above sense.
  • This may, for example, be a dynamically compensated vortex sensor with a paddle immersed in the medium and a capacitive sensor element which detects its deformation, as is known, inter alia. Also described in US-A 60 03 384.
  • a baffle body 40 is further arranged diametrically with the support tube 20 to form each other opposite fixing points 41, 41 * is firmly connected.
  • the center of the bore 22 and the center of the fixing point 41 lie on a generatrix of the carrier tube 20.
  • the bluff body 40 has a baffle 42, against which the medium to be measured during operation flows.
  • the bluff body 40 also has two side surfaces, of which only one (front) side surface 43 can be seen in Figs. 3a and 3b.
  • the bluff body 40 of Fig. 3a and 3b has here substantially the shape of a straight triangle column, ie a column with a triangular cross-section. If necessary, of course, differently shaped bluff body can be used to implement the measuring system according to the invention.
  • the encoder element 36 generates the above-mentioned measurement signal whose
  • Frequency is proportional to the volume flow of the flowing medium.
  • the vortex sensor 30 is inserted downstream of the bluff body 40 in the bore 22 of the tube wall 21 of the support tube 20 and seals the bore 22 from the lateral surface of the support tube 20 down, including the Vortex sensor 30 is screwed to the pipe wall 21.
  • From the vortex sensor 30 is seen in Figs. 3a and 3b in the interior of the support tube 20 through the bore 22 of the tube wall 21 projecting through wedge-shaped sensor flag 31 and a housing cap 32.
  • the housing cap 32 runs with the insertion of a thin-walled intermediate piece 323 in an extension 322, see.
  • the sensor flag 31 has major surfaces, of which in Figs. 3a and 3b, only the main surface 311 can be seen.
  • the major surfaces are aligned with the aforementioned generatrix of the carrier tube 20 and form a front edge 313.
  • the sensor flag 31 may also have other suitable spatial shapes; so she can z. B. have two parallel major surfaces that form two parallel front edges.
  • the sensor flag 31 is shorter than the diameter of the carrier tube 20; it is also rigid and may, for example, have a blind hole in which a temperature of the medium detecting, possibly the generation of the temperature measurement signal and thus the realization of the temperature measuring point itself serving as a thermocouple or resistance thermometer trained, donor element may be introduced see.
  • the vortex sensor 30 further includes a membrane 33 covering the bore 22 with a first surface 331 facing the medium and a second surface 332 facing away from the medium, see FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the sensor flag 31 is fixed on the surface 331 and on the surface 332 a responsive to their bending or movements physical-electrical encoder element 36.
  • sensor flag 31, diaphragm 33 and the annular edge 333 may consist of a single piece of material, for. As metal, esp. Stainless steel, be made. It should be mentioned at this point that instead of the Vorbel penflußmessers shown here by way of example with at least one projecting into a lumen of the process line, immersed in the medium baffle and at least one, esp.
  • Flow sensor of course, other in the process automation technology as well established in-line measuring devices for providing the at least one said flow measuring signal-supplying flow sensor and insofar can be used to form the Strömungsmeßstelle as such, such as magnetic-inductive flowmeter, thermal flowmeter, differential pressure flowmeter, Ultrasonic flowmeters or the like.
  • the flow sensor itself can, as with such Meßbals also usual and depending on the realized measuring principle, by means of at least one electrical, esp. At least temporarily flowed through by a heating current, resistive element, by means of at least one, esp.
  • the flow sensor may be one which, during operation of the measuring medium in operation under the action of the medium flowing in the measuring system, repeatedly undergoes mechanical deformations is and / or repeatedly moved in operation under the action of the medium flowing in the measuring tube relative to a static rest position, as in addition to the above-mentioned flow parameters based on in the flow to form a Karmänsche-vortex with floating swirls measuring in-line measuring devices, for example in such in-line gauges is usually the case, the flow parameters of the one in question Measure species by means of pressure differences.
  • the at least one flow sensor can be formed, for example, by means of at least one flow obstacle narrowing a cross-section of the process line, in particular a diaphragm or a nozzle, and by means of at least one differential pressure sensor which detects a pressure difference occurring across the flow obstacle and delivers a pressure difference measurement signal representative of this.
  • the at least one differential pressure sensor can be formed, for example, proportionately by means of the pressure sensor placed at the pressure measuring point.
  • the at least one flow sensor can also be formed in cooperation with a line segment of the process line by actively vibrating the line segment by means of a corresponding vibration exciter actively from the outside and / or passively from the medium itself a mechanical vibrations, such as electrodynamic or opto-electronically detecting donor element detected and converted into a corresponding vibration signal, as is known, for example, in the case of Coriolis mass flow meters the case.
  • a mechanical vibrations such as electrodynamic or opto-electronically detecting donor element detected and converted into a corresponding vibration signal
  • Commercially available Coriolis mass flowmeters are usually in-line measuring instruments offered as compact measuring instruments, in which at least one measuring tube inserted by means of flanges into the course of the process line and equipped externally with vibration exciters and sensors forms the line segment vibrating at least temporarily during operation.
  • measuring system with an in-line measuring device of the aforementioned type thus allows in addition to the virtually measured density further measured variable, esp. A mass flow, a volume flow, a flow velocity, a viscosity, a pressure, a temperature and / or The like, the same amount of fluid flowing in the process line to determine exactly high, possibly also in real time.
  • Compensation factor K easily determined in advance, especially wet calibrated.
  • compensation factor K can be chosen very simply such that the rule:
  • ⁇ Xp corresponds to a previously determined deviation, especially in the course of a calibration of the same and / or a substantially type-identical measuring system with known reference medium and / or during the commissioning of the measuring system on site, determined, for example calculated and / or measured, measuring system-specific deviation the provisional density measured value X'p determined, comprising a at least in terms of its true density, p Ref, defined reference medium from Selbiger density p ref, the reference medium.
  • .DELTA.X.sub.p can also be regarded practically as a measurement error inherent in the measuring system, with which the provisional density measured value X.sub.p determined by means of the measuring system itself is afflicted in comparison with the actual density at the virtual measuring point. Knowing the provisional density measurement X'p as well as the actual density, p Ref , of the reference medium, this measurement error can be quantified as follows:
  • the compensation factor K must be chosen such that it satisfies the requirement:
  • Digital, speed measurement X v which currently represents the flow rate of the flowing medium
  • the measuring electronics also using, for example, digital, volumetric flow measurement value X v , which currently represents a volumetric flow rate of the flowing medium, using at least the flow measurement signal.
  • the measuring electronics can also use a, for example digital, mass flow measurement value during operation, using at least the temperature measuring signal and the pressure measuring signal or the density measured therefrom and the flow measuring signal or the volumetric flow measured value derived therefrom X m , which currently represents a mass flow rate of the flowing medium or a total mass flow rate, determine.
  • the flow sensor can be placed in an advantageous manner so that, as for example in US-B 69 88 418 or US-B 69 10 387 proposed, at least the flow measuring and temperature measuring or that, as for example, in US-B 70 07 556 proposed, at least partially overlap the Strömungsmeßstelle and Druckmeßstelle each other, esp. Coincident.
  • the flow measuring but also, as shown schematically in Figs. 1 and 2, be arranged away from the temperature measuring and / or Druckmeßstelle, for example, upstream of the temperature measuring and / or upstream of the pressure measuring.
  • the temperature sensor of the measuring system and / or the pressure sensor as for example also in US-B 69 88 418, US-B 69 10 387 or US-B 66 51 512 proposed, also by means of, for example, as Compact meter designed to provide the flow sensor vorhaltenden in-line meter.
  • the virtual density measuring point and the Strömungsmeßstelle are chosen so that the medium has a thermodynamic state at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle corresponding to a thermodynamic state of the medium at theklasmeßstelle and / or that the medium the virtual Dichtemeßstelle and speed measuring point has substantially the same Reynolds numbers.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by defining the virtual density measuring point so that it and the flow measuring point at least partly overlap one another, in particular are coincident.
  • the density measured value should be determined so that it accurately represents a local density of the medium in the region of the flow sensor and thus also the local density of the medium at the speed measuring point.
  • the process line at least partially, esp. In the area between density measuring point and pressure measuring point and / or between density measuring point and temperature measuring point, as a, esp. In cross section and circular, substantially straight - So no elbow or bow exhibiting pipe is formed.
  • the process line should be at least partially, esp. In the area of the temperature measuring point and / or in the region of the pressure measuring point, as at least under operating pressure substantially dimensionally stable, esp., Rigid and / or circular cross-section, pipe formed.
  • the process line further comprises, at least at the virtual density measuring point, a caliber D1 different from a caliber D2 of the process line at the pressure measuring point .
  • the process line at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle has a caliber D1, which is different from a caliber D3 of the process line at the temperature measuring point, and / or that the caliber D2 of the process line at the pressure measuring point caliber D3 of the process line at the temperature measuring point is different.
  • the caliber D2 of the process line at the pressure measuring point is greater than the caliber D3 of the process line at the temperature measuring point or even so that the caliber D3 of the process line at the temperature measuring point is greater than the caliber D2 of the process line at the pressure measuring point.
  • the caliber D2 of the process line at the pressure measuring point may also be chosen so that it is greater than the caliber D1 of the process line at the virtual density measuring point and / or the caliber D3 of the process line at the temperature measuring point be so chosen that it is larger than the caliber D1 at the virtual density measurement point.
  • a caliber ratio D3 / D1 of the caliber D3 of the process line at the temperature measuring point to the caliber D1 of the process line at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle is kept greater than 1.1 and / or less than 5, for example, in one Range between 1.2 and 3.1. Furthermore, it is advantageous at least for this case if the process line at the virtual density measuring point has a caliber D1 which is substantially equal to a caliber D2 of the process line at the pressure measuring point.
  • a caliber ratio D2 / D1 of the caliber D2 of the process line at the pressure measuring point to the caliber D1 of the process line at the virtual Dichtemeßstelle is kept greater than 1.1 and / or less than 5, for example, in one Range between 1.2 and 3.1.
  • the process line at the virtual density measuring point has a caliber D1 which is substantially equal to a caliber D3 of the process line at the temperature measuring point.
  • the differences between the calibers D1, D2 and D3 may vary depending on the desired configuration, among others.
  • the process line between at least two of the aforementioned measuring points - for example, so between the virtual Dichtemeßstelle and the temperature measuring point and / or the pressure-measuring point or between the temperature-measuring point and the pressure-measuring point - has a line segment, the as a, in particular funnel-shaped, diffuser is formed in the flow direction, esp., continuously, expanding lumen, or has a line segment, which is formed as a, esp., funnel-shaped nozzle with in the flow direction, esp., continuously, narrowing lumen ,
  • the measuring points should be advantageously placed or defined such that a distance L 2 i of the pressure measuring point from the virtual density measuring point is different from a distance L 31 of the temperature measuring point from the virtual density measuring point.
  • the distance L21 of the pressure measuring point from the virtual density measuring point is greater than the distance L31 of the temperature measuring point from the virtual density measuring point and / or if the distance L21 of the pressure measuring point from the virtual density measuring point and / or a Distance L23 of the pressure measuring point of the temperature measuring are greater than the caliber D2 of the process line at the pressure measuring point.
  • a distance L21 and / or a distance L23 of at least a 3-fold, in particular more than a 5-fold, of the caliber D2 have proven to be quite suitable for the measurement.
  • Table 1 is selected as for a
  • Measuring system with a flow sensor according to the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3 particularly suitably determined constellations in terms of caliber D1, D2, D3 respectively in the unit mm and selected gases as a medium and each associated with a correspondingly suitable compensation factor K in the unit K • s 2nd -m ⁇ 2 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

Le système de mesure sert à mesurer une densité d'un fluide en particulier au moins partiellement compressible et dont l'état thermodynamique peut changer, s'écoulant dans une conduite de processus le long d'un axe d'écoulement imaginaire du système de mesure. Le système de mesure comprend au moins un capteur de température placé en un point de mesure de température et réagissant principalement à une température locale 9 du fluide s'écoulant devant lui, lequel capteur fournit au moins un signal de mesure de température influencé par la température locale du fluide à mesurer, au moins un capteur de pression placé en un point de mesure de pression et réagissant principalement à une pression locale, en particulier statique, p du fluide s'écoulant devant lui, lequel capteur fournit au moins un signal de mesure de pression influencé par la pression locale p régnant dans le fluide à mesurer, ainsi qu'un dispositif électronique de mesure communiquant, au moins par moments, avec au moins le capteur de température et le capteur de pression. Le dispositif électronique de mesure utilise le signal de mesure de température et au moins le signal de mesure de pression pour générer, au moins par moments, au moins une valeur de mesure de densité, en particulier numérique, qui représente, à un moment donné, une densité locale ? présentée par le fluide en un point de mesure de densité virtuel, en particulier fixe, situé à une distance du point de mesure de pression et/ou du point de mesure de température, pouvant être prédéterminée, le long de l'axe d'écoulement.
EP08785888A 2007-06-30 2008-06-27 Systeme de mesure pour un fluide s'ecoulant dans une conduite de processus Ceased EP2162723A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007030691A DE102007030691A1 (de) 2007-06-30 2007-06-30 Meßsystem für ein in einer Prozeßleitung strömendes Medium
PCT/EP2008/058319 WO2009003961A2 (fr) 2007-06-30 2008-06-27 Systeme de mesure pour un fluide s'ecoulant dans une conduite de processus

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EP2162723A2 true EP2162723A2 (fr) 2010-03-17

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CN (1) CN101796386B (fr)
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DE (1) DE102007030691A1 (fr)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009003961A2 (fr) 2009-01-08
RU2423683C1 (ru) 2011-07-10
CA2692179A1 (fr) 2009-01-08
CA2692179C (fr) 2015-10-06
DE102007030691A1 (de) 2009-01-02
WO2009003961A3 (fr) 2009-03-05
CN101796386B (zh) 2012-05-16
CN101796386A (zh) 2010-08-04

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