EP2156511A1 - Omnidirectional volumetric antenna - Google Patents

Omnidirectional volumetric antenna

Info

Publication number
EP2156511A1
EP2156511A1 EP08760450A EP08760450A EP2156511A1 EP 2156511 A1 EP2156511 A1 EP 2156511A1 EP 08760450 A EP08760450 A EP 08760450A EP 08760450 A EP08760450 A EP 08760450A EP 2156511 A1 EP2156511 A1 EP 2156511A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
antenna according
conductive
antenna
conductive elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08760450A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Julian Thevenard
Dominique Lo Hine Tong
Ali Louzir
Corinne Nicolas
Christian Person
Jean-Philippe Coupez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thomson Licensing SAS
Original Assignee
Thomson Licensing SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Licensing SAS filed Critical Thomson Licensing SAS
Publication of EP2156511A1 publication Critical patent/EP2156511A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of omnidirectional volume antennas such as biconical or discone antennas, to which the addition of elements in the formation zone of the radiation pattern allows a division of the azimuthal angular space.
  • a biconical antenna is obtained by the superposition of two cones facing each other by their pointed end, the supply being effected by the center of the cones.
  • the shape of the cones makes it possible to determine a zone of progressive flare where the wave propagates.
  • This flaring zone may be of various shapes and may in particular provide an outline such as those used for "Vivaldi" type antennas with quasi-shear profiles; this outline can just as easily be reduced to a simple straight line.
  • the discone antenna is made by means of a reflector plane on which a cone is arranged, this association has substantially the same characteristics as the bi-conical antenna in terms of performance.
  • the omnidirectional antennas of the known art may have a good directivity in all directions in an azimuth plane but do not allow to benefit from latitude to preferentially influence the directivity in a subset of directions. The transition without contact then makes it easier to integrate the antenna.
  • an omnidirectional antenna in which the directivity of the antenna can be modified by varying the electric field at the excitation source thereof, this by means of switching diodes.
  • the present invention proposes an antenna integrating a contactless three-dimensional transition between a coaxial excitation line and two conductive elements having a symmetry of revolution, corresponding to the three-dimensional transposition of a micro-ribbon line planar transition. slit line and having elements modifying the radiation of the antenna in at least one flared part of the antenna.
  • the invention relates to a wideband omnidirectional antenna comprising at least a first conductive element and a second conductive element having a symmetry of revolution about a common axis of revolution and central openings, said elements being positioned opposite one of the other, at least one of the elements having a progressive flaring zone characterized in that it comprises a central coaxial excitation line and a space between the two conductive elements so as to achieve a contactless transition in three dimensions between the coaxial exciter line and the conductive elements and modifying elements of the radiation pattern in the splay area.
  • one of the conductive elements is plane. According to a variant of the invention, at least one of the conductive elements is a cone.
  • the smallest diameter of the cone is of greater dimension than the section of the coaxial exciter line.
  • At least one of the conductive elements is a half-sphere.
  • the modifying elements comprise diodes that can switch from a conductive state to an insulating state or MEMS-type components.
  • at least one of the conductive elements comprises radial insulating sectors supporting the modifying elements.
  • At least one of the conductive elements comprising insulating sectors is made of plastic and comprises metallized parts.
  • the modifying elements are fed by printed tracks directly on the plastic element comprising metallized parts.
  • the antenna further comprises metal rods connecting the two conductive elements so as to ensure a continuity of mass.
  • the antenna comprises at least one solid insulating part in which is formed a conductive element having a progressive flaring zone.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a first example of an omnidirectional antenna according to the art known
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate two other examples of omnidirectional antenna according to the known art
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an antenna structure according to the invention comprising two conical elements and a central coaxial line
  • FIGS. a and 4b respectively illustrate a perspective view and a sectional view of an example of an antenna according to the invention and having modifying elements of the radiation pattern;
  • FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c respectively show the radiation patterns of the antenna illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b in a three-dimensional view, a view in the azimuth plane and a view in the elevation plane;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the reflection losses of the antenna illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a variant in which the cones have an enlargement of the central opening with respect to the dimension of the central exciter line
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a variant of the invention in which the conductive elements are made in a solid piece of plastic
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b illustrate a variant of the invention in which one of the conductive elements is plane
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a variant of the invention in which the conductive elements are half-spheres.
  • the antenna according to the invention comprises at least a first element of flared and conductive shape and a second element which is also conductive and which can also be of flared or planar shape.
  • the assembly consisting of these two elements is coupled to a coaxial central excitation line.
  • This exciting line comprises a metal central rod that provides the antenna power function by bringing a short circuit at the opening between the two conductive elements to allow coupling between the coaxial type of access and the together constituted by the two conductive elements.
  • This short circuit is achieved by placing an "open circuit" at a distance of ⁇ / 4 at the end of the metal rod.
  • the height above the end of this central rod is also a setting parameter of the adaptation of the antenna.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of an omnidirectional antenna structure, more precisely comprising a first conical element C c i, a second conical element C2 , a central coaxial excitation line L c .
  • Each conductive element has a central opening O 1 , O 2 allowing the insertion of the exciter line within said elements and a symmetry of revolution about a central axis A 0 .
  • This exciting line comprises a metal central rod Lc-i, the length of penetration of this central rod at the first conductive element is typically of the order of ⁇ / 4 to bring a short circuit at the opening of the biconical antenna.
  • the spacing e in the vertical direction Dz between the two conical elements allows the coupling between the coaxial excitatory line mode and the mode of the assembly constituted by the two cones.
  • the antenna further comprises modifying elements of the radiation pattern Ri, (guiding elements and reflectors) in the flaring zone of the voluminal antenna as illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
  • These elements are advantageously semiconductor elements that can pass from an insulating state to a conductive state and which fit into the flaring zone of the voluminal antenna. They are fed by printed tracks pi connected to a control circuit and positioned on insulating sectors integrated with one of the conductive elements constituting the voluminal antenna.
  • 6a, 6b (4-sector configuration) can be, for example, components such as PIN diodes, varactor diodes or even MEMS-type components which are connected to a control circuit. placed under the structure.
  • the conductive element comprising insulating sectors and conducting sectors may advantageously be a plastic part on which metallized sectors S d are made .
  • the main piece of plastic can be interconnected to the circuit by means of a mechanical system of clips or pins, it can also be reported for example by welding.
  • the continuity of mass between the cones is ensured by means of metal rods Mi connecting the two elements Cc i and C c2 .
  • Exemplary embodiment of the omnidirectional antenna illustrated in Figure 4a and 4b comprising four sectors and calibrated to be operational at 5 GHz:
  • This antenna comprises a three-dimensional main piece made of "metallized plastic” technology which constitutes the support of the "reference” antenna device and which comprises in a "traditional” configuration two plastic cones positioned head-to-tail, with a hole central to allow the supply of the antenna which can be achieved for example by means of a coaxial cable type access.
  • the height of this main room in this example is
  • the space between the two cones set at 4mm in this example is an important parameter of optimization, this opening plays a role in the antenna power system which is achieved by a coupling between the mode of the coaxial cable and the mode of the biconical antenna.
  • This method The power supply is similar to a coaxial-slot slot-type power supply system that is transposed into a three-dimensional configuration.
  • FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c relating to this type of antenna having 5GHz radiation patterns. These diagrams are shown in Figure 5a (three-dimensional view), 5b (seen in the azimuth plane) and 5c (seen in the elevation plane).
  • the directivity is 4.92dB
  • the beamwidth at -3dB is 90 ° in elevation and 160 ° in the azimuth plane for a front-to-back ratio of less than -8dB.
  • the omnidirectional antenna has an enlargement of the small diameter of the cone x c with respect to the dimensions of the outer cylinder of the coaxial supply cable XL and more precisely with respect to the cylindrical recessed zone. constituting the outer wall of the coaxial cable.
  • This variant has the advantage of simpler manufacturing, especially in view of molding constraints when using a plastic part.
  • the omnidirectional antenna comprises parts that are no longer hollowed out as in the previously described variants but parts made of "solid" plastic, making it possible to reinforce the mechanical strength of said antenna.
  • the figure illustrates this configuration.
  • the conductive elements C d and Cc 2 are then formed inside said plastic part P.
  • the antenna is a discone antenna having a small footprint due to one of the conductive elements which is plane facing the first conductive element.
  • the antenna comprises an upper cone metallized to the interior Bcc, a reflective ground plane Pc 2 with access to the coaxial cable Lc, an opening between the cone and the reflector ground plane.
  • the conductive parts comprise a contour of the flaring zone such as those encountered for "Vivaldi” type antennas with quasi-spherical profiles and therefore made up of two Sci half-spheres. and Sc2 coupled to the coaxial excitation line 1c .

Abstract

The invention relates to a wide-band omnidirectional antenna including at least a first conducting member (Cc1) and a second conducting member (Cc2) having a revolution symmetry about a common revolution axis and central openings (O1, O2), said members being arranged opposite each other, at least one member having a progressively flaring area, characterised in that it comprises a gap between the conducting members and a central coaxial excitation line (Lc) so as to achieve a three-dimensional contactless transition between the coaxial excitation line and the conducting members and members for modifying the radiation pattern in the flaring area (Ri) of the diode type for selectively radiating the gap depending on the on- or off-state of said diodes.

Description

Antenne volumique omnidirectïonnelle Omnidirectial aerial antenna
Le domaine de l'invention est celui des antennes volumiques omnidirectionnelles telles que les antennes biconique ou discone, auxquelles l'ajout d'éléments dans la zone de formation du diagramme de rayonnement permet une sectorisation de l'espace angulaire azimutal. De manière générale une antenne biconique est obtenue par la superposition de deux cônes mis en regard par leur extrémité pointue, l'alimentation s'effectuant par le centre des cônes. La forme des cônes permet de déterminer une zone d'évasement progressif où l'onde se propage. Cette zone d'évasement peut être de formes diverses et peut notamment offrir un contour tels que ceux utilisés pour des antennes de type « Vivaldi » avec des profils quasi-shérique; ce contour peut tout aussi bien être réduit à une simple droite. L'antenne discône est, elle, réaiisée au moyen d'un plan réflecteur sur lequel un cône est disposé, cette association présente sensiblement les mêmes caractéristiques que l'antenne bi-conique en terme de performances.The field of the invention is that of omnidirectional volume antennas such as biconical or discone antennas, to which the addition of elements in the formation zone of the radiation pattern allows a division of the azimuthal angular space. In general, a biconical antenna is obtained by the superposition of two cones facing each other by their pointed end, the supply being effected by the center of the cones. The shape of the cones makes it possible to determine a zone of progressive flare where the wave propagates. This flaring zone may be of various shapes and may in particular provide an outline such as those used for "Vivaldi" type antennas with quasi-shear profiles; this outline can just as easily be reduced to a simple straight line. The discone antenna is made by means of a reflector plane on which a cone is arranged, this association has substantially the same characteristics as the bi-conical antenna in terms of performance.
Il est connu des antennes omnidirectionnelles comportant deux éléments conducteurs de type cône Ci et plan P2 comme illustré en figure 1 , dans laquelle l'âme centrale du câble coaxial est en contact avec le cône supérieur tandis que le plan inférieur est en contact avec la masse extérieure du câble coaxial d'alimentation.It is known omnidirectional antennas comprising two conductive elements Ci-cone type and plane P 2 as shown in Figure 1, wherein the central core of the coaxial cable is in contact with the upper cone while the lower plane is in contact with the external mass of the coaxial power cable.
Il est également connu des antennes comportant deux cônes Ci et C2 avec deux câbles coaxiaux Li et L2 (illustrée en figure 2a) ou comme décrit dans la demande de brevet publiée 2 246 090, une antenne comportant deux cônes 1 , 2 dans laquelle il est proposé d'intégrer un élément coaxial central 3,4 et de le connecter aux portions de cône, électriquement via deux réseaux de conducteurs 5,6 le tout étant noyé dans un matériau 7 (illustrée en figure 2b).It is also known antennas having two cones Ci and C 2 with two coaxial cables Li and L 2 (illustrated in Figure 2a) or as described in the published patent application 2,246,090, an antenna having two cones 1, 2 in which it is proposed to integrate a central coaxial element 3,4 and connect it to the cone portions, electrically via two networks of conductors 5,6 all embedded in a material 7 (illustrated in Figure 2b).
Les antennes omnidirectionnelles de l'art connu peuvent présenter une bonne directivité dans l'ensemble des directions dans un plan azimutal mais ne permettent pas de bénéficier de latitude pour influencer de manière préférentielle la directivité dans un sous-ensemble de directions. La transition sans contact permet alors de faciliter l'intégration de l'antenne. 11 est également connu et notamment décrit dans ia demande de brevet EP 1 460 717, une antenne omnidirectionnelie, dans laquelle la directivité de l'antenne peut être modifiée par variation du champ électrique au niveau de la source d'excitation de celle-ci, ce au moyen de diodes de commutation. Dans ce contexte, la présente invention propose une antenne intégrant une transition sans contact en trois dimensions entre une ligne excitatrice coaxiale et deux éléments conducteurs présentant une symétrie de révolution, correspondant à la transposition en trois dimensions d'une transition planaire ligne micro-ruban/iigne à fente et présentant des éléments modificateurs du rayonnement de l'antenne dans au moins une partie évasée de l'antenne.The omnidirectional antennas of the known art may have a good directivity in all directions in an azimuth plane but do not allow to benefit from latitude to preferentially influence the directivity in a subset of directions. The transition without contact then makes it easier to integrate the antenna. It is also known, and in particular described in the patent application EP 1 460 717, an omnidirectional antenna, in which the directivity of the antenna can be modified by varying the electric field at the excitation source thereof, this by means of switching diodes. In this context, the present invention proposes an antenna integrating a contactless three-dimensional transition between a coaxial excitation line and two conductive elements having a symmetry of revolution, corresponding to the three-dimensional transposition of a micro-ribbon line planar transition. slit line and having elements modifying the radiation of the antenna in at least one flared part of the antenna.
Plus précisément l'invention a pour objet une antenne omnidirectionnelie à large bande comportant au moins un premier élément conducteur et un second élément conducteur présentant une symétrie de révolution autour d'un axe commun de révolution et des ouvertures centrales, lesdits éléments étant positionnés en regard l'un de l'autre, au moins un des éléments présentant une zone d'évasement progressif caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une ligne excitatrice coaxiaie centrale et un espace entre les deux éléments conducteurs de manière à réaliser une transition sans contact en trois dimensions entre la ligne excitatrice coaxiale et les éléments conducteurs et des éléments modificateurs du diagramme de rayonnement dans Ia zone d'évasement.More specifically, the invention relates to a wideband omnidirectional antenna comprising at least a first conductive element and a second conductive element having a symmetry of revolution about a common axis of revolution and central openings, said elements being positioned opposite one of the other, at least one of the elements having a progressive flaring zone characterized in that it comprises a central coaxial excitation line and a space between the two conductive elements so as to achieve a contactless transition in three dimensions between the coaxial exciter line and the conductive elements and modifying elements of the radiation pattern in the splay area.
Selon une variante de l'invention, l'un des éléments conducteurs est plan. Selon une variante de l'invention, au moins un des éléments conducteurs est un cône.According to a variant of the invention, one of the conductive elements is plane. According to a variant of the invention, at least one of the conductive elements is a cone.
Selon une variante de l'invention, le plus petit diamètre du cône est de plus grande dimension que la section de la ligne excitatrice coaxiale.According to a variant of the invention, the smallest diameter of the cone is of greater dimension than the section of the coaxial exciter line.
Selon une variante de l'invention, au moins un des éléments conducteurs est une demi-sphère.According to a variant of the invention, at least one of the conductive elements is a half-sphere.
Selon une variante de l'invention, les éléments modificateurs comportent des diodes pouvant commuter d'un état conducteur passant à un état isolant ou des composants de type MEMS. Selon une variante de l'invention, au moins un des éléments conducteurs comprend des secteurs isolants radiaux supportant les éléments modificateurs.According to a variant of the invention, the modifying elements comprise diodes that can switch from a conductive state to an insulating state or MEMS-type components. According to a variant of the invention, at least one of the conductive elements comprises radial insulating sectors supporting the modifying elements.
Avantageusement, au moins un des éléments conducteurs comportant des secteurs isolants est en plastique et comporte des parties métallisées.Advantageously, at least one of the conductive elements comprising insulating sectors is made of plastic and comprises metallized parts.
Avantageusement, les éléments modificateurs sont alimentés par des pistes imprimées directement sur l'élément en plastique comportant des parties métallisées. Selon une variante de l'invention, l'antenne comporte en outre des tiges métalliques reliant les deux éléments conducteurs de manière à assurer une continuité de masse.Advantageously, the modifying elements are fed by printed tracks directly on the plastic element comprising metallized parts. According to a variant of the invention, the antenna further comprises metal rods connecting the two conductive elements so as to ensure a continuity of mass.
Selon une variante de l'invention, l'antenne comporte au moins une pièce pleine isolante dans laquelle est réalisé un élément conducteur présentant une zone d'évasement progressif.According to a variant of the invention, the antenna comprises at least one solid insulating part in which is formed a conductive element having a progressive flaring zone.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre donnée à titre non limitatif et grâce aux figures annexées parmi lesquelles : - la figure 1 illustre un premier exemple d'antenne omnidirectionnelle selon l'art connu ;The invention will be better understood and other advantages will become apparent on reading the description which follows given by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended figures in which: FIG. 1 illustrates a first example of an omnidirectional antenna according to the art known;
- les figures 2a et 2b illustrent deux autres exemples d'antenne omnidirectionnelle selon l'art connu ;FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate two other examples of omnidirectional antenna according to the known art;
- la figure 3 illustre une structure d'antenne selon l'invention comportant deux éléments coniques et une ligne coaxiale centrale ;FIG. 3 illustrates an antenna structure according to the invention comprising two conical elements and a central coaxial line;
- les figures a et 4b illustrent respectivement une vue en perspective et une vue en coupe d'un exemple d'antenne selon l'invention et comportant des éléments modificateurs du diagramme de rayonnement ;- Figures a and 4b respectively illustrate a perspective view and a sectional view of an example of an antenna according to the invention and having modifying elements of the radiation pattern;
- les figures 5a, 5b et 5c illustrent respectivement les diagrammes de rayonnement de l'antenne illustrée en figure 4a et 4b selon une vue en trois dimensions, une vue dans le plan azimutai et une vue dans le plan d'élévation ; - la figure 6 illustre les pertes par réflexion de ['antenne illustrée en figure 4a et 4b ;FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c respectively show the radiation patterns of the antenna illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b in a three-dimensional view, a view in the azimuth plane and a view in the elevation plane; FIG. 6 illustrates the reflection losses of the antenna illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b;
- la figure 7 illustre une variante dans laquelle les cônes présentent un élargissement de l'ouverture centrale par rapport à la dimension de la ligne excitatrice centrale ;FIG. 7 illustrates a variant in which the cones have an enlargement of the central opening with respect to the dimension of the central exciter line;
- la figure 8 illustre une variante de l'invention dans laquelle les éléments conducteurs sont réalisés dans une pièce pleine en plastique ;FIG. 8 illustrates a variant of the invention in which the conductive elements are made in a solid piece of plastic;
- les figures 9a et 9b illustrent une variante de l'invention dans laquelle l'un des éléments conducteurs est plan ;FIGS. 9a and 9b illustrate a variant of the invention in which one of the conductive elements is plane;
- la figure 10 illustre une n variante de l'invention dans laquelle les éléments conducteurs sont des demi-sphères.FIG. 10 illustrates a variant of the invention in which the conductive elements are half-spheres.
De manière générale, l'antenne selon l'invention comporte au moins un premier élément de forme évasée et conducteur et un second élément également conducteur pouvant également être de forme évasée ou de forme plane. L'ensemble constitué pas ces deux éléments est couplé à une ligne excitatrice centrale coaxiale. Cette iigne excitatrice comprend une tige centrale métallique qui assure la fonction d'alimentation de l'antenne en ramenant un court circuit au niveau de l'ouverture entre les deux éléments conducteurs afin de permettre le couplage entre l'accès de type coaxial et l'ensemble constitué par les deux éléments conducteurs. Ce court-circuit est réalisé en plaçant un « circuit ouvert » à une distance de λ/4 à l'extrémité de la tige métallique. La hauteur au dessus de l'extrémité de cette tige centrale est également un paramètre de réglage de l'adaptation de l'antenne.In general, the antenna according to the invention comprises at least a first element of flared and conductive shape and a second element which is also conductive and which can also be of flared or planar shape. The assembly consisting of these two elements is coupled to a coaxial central excitation line. This exciting line comprises a metal central rod that provides the antenna power function by bringing a short circuit at the opening between the two conductive elements to allow coupling between the coaxial type of access and the together constituted by the two conductive elements. This short circuit is achieved by placing an "open circuit" at a distance of λ / 4 at the end of the metal rod. The height above the end of this central rod is also a setting parameter of the adaptation of the antenna.
La figure 3 détaille un exemple de structure d'antenne omnidirectionnelle, comportant plus précisément un premier élément de forme conique Cci , un second élément de forme conique CC2, une iigne excitatrice coaxiale centrale Lc. Chaque élément conducteur présente une ouverture centrale O1, O2 permettant l'insertion de la ligne excitatrice au sein desdits éléments et une symétrie de révolution autour d'un axe central A0. Cette ligne excitatrice comprend une tige centrale métallique Lc-i, la longueur de pénétration de cette tige centrale au niveau du premier élément conducteur est typiquement de l'ordre de λ/4 afin de ramener un court circuit au niveau de l'ouverture de l'antenne biconique. Par ailleurs l'espacement e selon la direction verticale Dz entre les deux éléments coniques permet le couplage entre ie mode de la ligne excitatrice coaxiale et le mode de l'ensemble constitué par les deux cônes.FIG. 3 shows an example of an omnidirectional antenna structure, more precisely comprising a first conical element C c i, a second conical element C2 , a central coaxial excitation line L c . Each conductive element has a central opening O 1 , O 2 allowing the insertion of the exciter line within said elements and a symmetry of revolution about a central axis A 0 . This exciting line comprises a metal central rod Lc-i, the length of penetration of this central rod at the first conductive element is typically of the order of λ / 4 to bring a short circuit at the opening of the biconical antenna. Moreover the spacing e in the vertical direction Dz between the two conical elements allows the coupling between the coaxial excitatory line mode and the mode of the assembly constituted by the two cones.
Typiquement l'espacement e selon la direction Dz peut être de l'ordre de 4mm. Les éléments coniques peuvent présenter un rayon de 15 mm, la structure mesurant environ 48 mm. Selon l'invention, l'antenne comprend en outre des éléments modificateurs du diagramme de rayonnement Ri, (éléments directeurs et réflecteurs) dans la zone d'évasement de l'antenne volumique comme illustrée en figures 4a et 4b. Ces éléments sont avantageusement des éléments semiconducteurs pouvant passer d'un état isolant à un état conducteur et qui s'insèrent dans la zone d'évasement de l'antenne volumique. Ils sont alimentés par des pistes imprimées pi reliées à un circuit de contrôle et positionnées sur des secteurs isolants intégrés à l'un des éléments conducteurs constitutifs de l'antenne volumique. Ces éléments représentés par des tiges métalliques sur les schémas des figures 6a, 6b (configuration à 4 secteurs) peuvent être par exemple des composants comme des diodes PIN, des diodes varactor ou encore des composants de type MEMS qui sont reliés à un circuit de contrôle placé sous la structure. Les éléments modificateurs sont représentés schématiquement par des lignes discontinues lorsqu'ils sont dans un état bloquant. Ces composants sont disposés de telle manière à pouvoir générer un court circuit à une distance de λg/4 (avec λg =longueur d'onde guidée entre les deux cônes) du centre du cône où se situe la tige centrale métallique du câble coaxial afin de générer un couplage maximal et d'assurer le passage de l'énergie du câble coaxial à l'antenne biconique. Ces composants sont donc soit dans un état permettant de réaliser un court circuit afin de relier électriquement les masses des deux cônes entre elles et de ce fait de se comporter comme un élément réflecteur, soit dans un état rendant ces composants des éléments directeurs. Le contrôle des états de ces multiples composants permet une sectorisation de l'espace. Leur nombre détermine également le nombre de secteurs pouvant être couverts par le système.Typically the spacing e along the direction Dz can be of the order of 4mm. The conical elements may have a radius of 15 mm, the structure measuring approximately 48 mm. According to the invention, the antenna further comprises modifying elements of the radiation pattern Ri, (guiding elements and reflectors) in the flaring zone of the voluminal antenna as illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b. These elements are advantageously semiconductor elements that can pass from an insulating state to a conductive state and which fit into the flaring zone of the voluminal antenna. They are fed by printed tracks pi connected to a control circuit and positioned on insulating sectors integrated with one of the conductive elements constituting the voluminal antenna. These elements represented by metal rods in the diagrams of FIGS. 6a, 6b (4-sector configuration) can be, for example, components such as PIN diodes, varactor diodes or even MEMS-type components which are connected to a control circuit. placed under the structure. The modifying elements are schematically represented by broken lines when in a blocking state. These components are arranged in such a way as to be able to generate a short circuit at a distance of λg / 4 (with λg = guided wavelength between the two cones) of the center of the cone where the metal central rod of the coaxial cable is located in order to generate a maximum coupling and ensure the passage of energy from the coaxial cable to the biconical antenna. These components are therefore either in a state allowing a short circuit to electrically connect the masses of the two cones together and thus behave as a reflective element, or in a state making these components of the guiding elements. Controlling the states of these multiple components allows sectorization of the space. Their number also determines the number of sectors that can be covered by the system.
La configuration précédente a été décrite avec quatre secteurs, on peut avantageusement jouer sur le nombre de secteurs, typiquement il est intéressant d'en réaliser huit pour moduler davantage le diagramme de rayonnement de l'antenne selon l'invention.The previous configuration has been described with four sectors, we can advantageously play on the number of sectors, typically it is interesting to achieve eight to further modulate the radiation pattern of the antenna according to the invention.
Par ailleurs, l'élément conducteur comportant des secteurs isolants et des secteurs conducteurs peut avantageusement être une pièce en plastique sur laquelle sont réaiisés des secteurs métallisés Sd. La pièce principale en plastique peut être interconnectée au circuit au moyen d'un système mécanique de clips ou de picots, elle peut également être reportée par exemple par soudure. La continuité de masse entre les cônes est assurée au moyen de tiges métalliques Mi reliant les deux éléments Cci et Cc2.Moreover, the conductive element comprising insulating sectors and conducting sectors may advantageously be a plastic part on which metallized sectors S d are made . The main piece of plastic can be interconnected to the circuit by means of a mechanical system of clips or pins, it can also be reported for example by welding. The continuity of mass between the cones is ensured by means of metal rods Mi connecting the two elements Cc i and C c2 .
Ainsi, la possibilité au sein d'un unique bloc antenne d'intégrer une fonction de sectorisation offre un gain de place très conséquent. D'un point de vue réalisation, le recours à la technologie plastique, qui offre une voie de réalisation du système antennaire de type bi-conique ou discone, autorise grâce à la dualité et la versatilité du matériau plastique de pouvoir utiliser le plastique comme support de propagation de l'énergie et de ce fait ouvre de nouvelles perspectives en terme de gain de place, de poids et de facilité d'interconnexion avec le reste de la chaîne de communication.Thus, the possibility within a single antenna block to integrate a sectoring function offers a very substantial space saving. From a production point of view, the use of plastic technology, which offers a way of realization of the antennal system of bi-conic or discone type, allows thanks to the duality and the versatility of the plastic material to be able to use the plastic as support of energy propagation and thus opens up new perspectives in terms of gaining space, weight and ease of interconnection with the rest of the communication chain.
Exemple de réalisation de l'antenne omnidirectionneile illustrée en figure 4a et 4b comportant quatre secteurs et calibrée pour être opérationnelle à 5 GHz :Exemplary embodiment of the omnidirectional antenna illustrated in Figure 4a and 4b comprising four sectors and calibrated to be operational at 5 GHz:
Cette antenne comprend une pièce principale en trois dimensions réalisée en technologie « plastique métallisé» qui constitue le support du dispositif antennaire « de référence » et qui comprend dans une configuration « traditionnelle » deux cônes en plastique positionnés de manière tête-bêche, avec un trou central afin de permettre l'alimentation de l'antenne qui peut-être réalisée par exemple au moyen d'un accès de type câble coaxial. La hauteur de cette pièce principale dans cet exemple est deThis antenna comprises a three-dimensional main piece made of "metallized plastic" technology which constitutes the support of the "reference" antenna device and which comprises in a "traditional" configuration two plastic cones positioned head-to-tail, with a hole central to allow the supply of the antenna which can be achieved for example by means of a coaxial cable type access. The height of this main room in this example is
48 mm, le rayon des cônes de 20 mm pour un fonctionnement à 5GHz.48 mm, the cone radius of 20 mm for operation at 5GHz.
L'espace entre les deux cônes réglée à 4mm dans cet exemple, est un paramètre important d'optimisation, cette ouverture joue un rôle dans le système d'alimentation de l'antenne qui est réalisée par un couplage entre le mode du câble coaxial et le mode de l'antenne biconique. Cette méthode d'alimentation s'apparente à un système d'alimentation de type transition câble coaxial-iigne à fente transposé dans une configuration en trois dimensions.The space between the two cones set at 4mm in this example is an important parameter of optimization, this opening plays a role in the antenna power system which is achieved by a coupling between the mode of the coaxial cable and the mode of the biconical antenna. This method The power supply is similar to a coaxial-slot slot-type power supply system that is transposed into a three-dimensional configuration.
La présence et surtout le contrôle des éléments réflecteurs permettent d'éclairer des secteurs donnés et de manière séiective l'espace grâce à l'utilisation d'un unique dispositif central. Ceci est illustré avec une structure à quatre secteurs isolants comportant de tels éléments et grâce aux figures 5a, 5b et 5c relatives à ce type d'antenne présentant des diagrammes de rayonnement à 5GHz. Ces diagrammes sont présentés en figure 5a (vue en trois dimensions), 5b (vue dans le plan azimutal) et 5c (vue dans le plan d'élévation). La directivité est de 4.92dB, la largeur de faisceau à -3dB est de 90° en élévation et 160° dans le plan azimutal pour un rapport avant- arrière inférieur à -8dB.The presence and especially the control of the reflective elements make it possible to illuminate given sectors and in a selective way the space thanks to the use of a single central device. This is illustrated with a structure with four insulating sectors comprising such elements and with FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c relating to this type of antenna having 5GHz radiation patterns. These diagrams are shown in Figure 5a (three-dimensional view), 5b (seen in the azimuth plane) and 5c (seen in the elevation plane). The directivity is 4.92dB, the beamwidth at -3dB is 90 ° in elevation and 160 ° in the azimuth plane for a front-to-back ratio of less than -8dB.
Cet exemple de structure réalisée pour fonctionner à 5GHz, présente typiquement des pertes par réflexion illustrées en figure 6.This exemplary structure made to operate at 5GHz, typically has reflection losses illustrated in FIG. 6.
Selon une variante de l'invention illustrée en figure 7, l'antenne omnidirectionnelie présente un élargissement du petit diamètre du cône xc par rapport aux dimensions du cylindre extérieur du câble coaxial d'alimentation XL et plus précisément par rapport à ia zone évidée cylindrique constituant la paroi externe du câble coaxial. Cette variante présente l'intérêt d'une fabrication plus simple compte tenu notamment des contraintes de moulage lorsque l'on utilise une pièce en matière plastique.According to a variant of the invention illustrated in FIG. 7, the omnidirectional antenna has an enlargement of the small diameter of the cone x c with respect to the dimensions of the outer cylinder of the coaxial supply cable XL and more precisely with respect to the cylindrical recessed zone. constituting the outer wall of the coaxial cable. This variant has the advantage of simpler manufacturing, especially in view of molding constraints when using a plastic part.
Selon une variante de l'invention, l'antenne omnidirectionnelle comporte des pièces non plus évidées comme dans les variantes précédemment décrites mais des pièces constituées de plastique « plein » , permettant de renforcer ia tenue mécanique de ladite antenne. La figure δillustre cette configuration. Les éléments conducteurs Cd et Cc2 sont alors réalisés à l'intérieur de ladite pièce en plastique P.According to one variant of the invention, the omnidirectional antenna comprises parts that are no longer hollowed out as in the previously described variants but parts made of "solid" plastic, making it possible to reinforce the mechanical strength of said antenna. The figure illustrates this configuration. The conductive elements C d and Cc 2 are then formed inside said plastic part P.
Selon une variante de l'invention, l'antenne est une antenne discone présentant un faible encombrement en raison d'un des éléments conducteurs qui est plan en regard du premier élément conducteur. Comme illustré en figure 9a et 9b, l'antenne comporte un cône supérieur métallisé à l'intérieur Cci, un plan de masse réflecteur Pc2 avec un accès vers le câble coaxial Lc, une ouverture entre le cône et le plan de masse réflecteur.According to a variant of the invention, the antenna is a discone antenna having a small footprint due to one of the conductive elements which is plane facing the first conductive element. As illustrated in FIGS. 9a and 9b, the antenna comprises an upper cone metallized to the interior Bcc, a reflective ground plane Pc 2 with access to the coaxial cable Lc, an opening between the cone and the reflector ground plane.
Seion une variante de l'invention illustrée en figure 10, les pièces conductrices comportent un contour de la zone d'évasement tel que ceux rencontrées pour des antennes de type « Vivaldi » avec des profils quasi sphérique et donc constitués de deux demi-sphères Sci et Sc2 couplées à la ligne excitatrice coaxiale l_c. According to a variant of the invention illustrated in FIG. 10, the conductive parts comprise a contour of the flaring zone such as those encountered for "Vivaldi" type antennas with quasi-spherical profiles and therefore made up of two Sci half-spheres. and Sc2 coupled to the coaxial excitation line 1c .

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande comportant au moins un premier élément conducteur (Cd) et un second élément conducteur (CC2) présentant une symétrie de révolution autour d'un axe commun de révolution (Ac) et des ouvertures centrales (d, O2), lesdits éléments étant positionnés en regard l'un de l'autre, au moins un des éléments présentant une zone d'évasement progressif caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend :A wideband omnidirectional antenna comprising at least a first conductive element (Cd) and a second conductive element (C C2 ) having a symmetry of revolution about a common axis of revolution (Ac) and central openings (d, O2). ), said elements being positioned facing one another, at least one of the elements having a progressive flaring zone characterized in that it comprises:
- une ligne excitatrice coaxiale centrale (Lc) et un espace (e) entre les deux éléments conducteurs de manière à réaliser une transition sans contact en trois dimensions entre la ligne excitatrice coaxiale et les éléments conducteurs et ;- a central coaxial exciter line (L c ) and a space (e) between the two conductive elements so as to achieve a three-dimensional non-contact transition between the coaxial exciter line and the conductive elements and;
- des éléments modificateurs du diagramme de rayonnement dans la zone d'évasement (Ri).modifying elements of the radiation pattern in the flaring zone (Ri).
2. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que l'un des éléments conducteurs est plan (Pc2)2. Wideband omnidirectional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the conductive elements is plane (Pc 2 )
3. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un des éléments conducteurs est un cône.3. An omnidirectional broadband antenna according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the conductive elements is a cone.
4. Antenne omnidirectionnelie à large bande selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le plus petit diamètre du cône (xc) est de plus grande dimension que la section (xL) de la ligne excitatrice coaxiaie.A wideband omnidirectional antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the smallest diameter of the cone (xc) is larger than the section (x L ) of the coaxial excitation line.
5. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un des éléments conducteurs est une demi-sphère (Sα,Sc2)5. omnidirectional broadband antenna according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the conductive elements is a half-sphere (Sα, Sc2)
6. Antenne omnidirectionneϋe à large bande selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que les éléments modificateurs comportent des diodes pouvant commuter d'un état conducteur passant à un état isolant ou des composants de type MEMS. Wideband omnidirectional antenna according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the modifying elements comprise diodes which can switch from a conductive state to an insulating state or from MEMS-type components.
7. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un des éléments conducteurs comprend des secteurs isolants radiaux supportant les éléments modificateurs.7. An omnidirectional wideband antenna according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the conductive elements comprises radial insulating sectors supporting the modifying elements.
8. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un des éléments conducteurs comportant des secteurs isolants est en plastique et comporte des parties métallisées ( SCi).8. wideband omnidirectional antenna according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the conductive elements having insulating sectors is plastic and has metallized portions (S C i).
9. Antenne omnidirectionnelie à large bande selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les éléments modificateurs sont alimentés par une piste imprimée (pi) directement sur l'élément en plastique comportant des parties métallisées.Wideband omnidirectional antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that the modifying elements are fed by a printed track (pi) directly onto the plastic element having metallized portions.
10. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre des tiges métalliques (Mj) reliant les deux éléments conducteurs de manière à assurer une continuité de masse.10. Wideband omnidirectional antenna according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it further comprises metal rods (Mj) connecting the two conductive elements so as to ensure a continuity of mass.
11. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins une pièce pleine isolante (P) dans laquelle est réalisé un élément conducteur présentant une zone d'évasement progressif. 11. Wideband omnidirectional antenna according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one solid insulating part (P) in which is formed a conductive element having a progressive flaring zone.
EP08760450A 2007-06-12 2008-06-04 Omnidirectional volumetric antenna Withdrawn EP2156511A1 (en)

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PCT/EP2008/056867 WO2008155219A1 (en) 2007-06-12 2008-06-04 Omnidirectional volumetric antenna

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