EP2154135B1 - Therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction - Google Patents

Therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction Download PDF

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EP2154135B1
EP2154135B1 EP20080764628 EP08764628A EP2154135B1 EP 2154135 B1 EP2154135 B1 EP 2154135B1 EP 20080764628 EP20080764628 EP 20080764628 EP 08764628 A EP08764628 A EP 08764628A EP 2154135 B1 EP2154135 B1 EP 2154135B1
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EP2154135A4 (en
EP2154135A1 (en
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Haruto Nakagawa
Naoko Ando
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Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp
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Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/08—Bridged systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
    • A61K31/427—Thiazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D487/18—Bridged systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction.
  • the pathology of cerebral ischemia is divided into the hyperacute stage (about 3 hours from the onset) and the acute stage (about 2 weeks from the onset).
  • the cerebral ischemic neuronal cell death is known to relate to excitatory amino acid toxicity and free radical.
  • excitatory amino acid toxicity a cellular disorder is developed in the hyperacute stage due to calcium influx associated with release of glutamic acid caused by energy disorders and binding of the acid to its receptor, and inflammation reaction occurs in the acute stage (non-patent document 1).
  • NF- ⁇ B transcription Nuclear factor ⁇ B
  • HIF-1 Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1
  • STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
  • non-patent document 2 a transcription factor such as transcription Nuclear factor ⁇ B (hereinafter NF- ⁇ B), Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (hereinafter HIF-1), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (hereinafter STAT3) and the like.
  • TNF- ⁇ tumor necrosis factor- ⁇
  • IL-1 ⁇ Inrerleukin-1 ⁇
  • IL-6 interleukin-6
  • the cerebral ischemic disorder can be alleviated by a intraventricular administration of a TNF- ⁇ antibody (non-patent document 3).
  • DPH-067517 a TNF- ⁇ converting enzyme inhibitor, suppresses TNF- ⁇ expression on the cerebral infarction side and reduces neurological deficit and cerebral infarct volume in rat cerebral infarction model (non-patent document 4).
  • non-patent document 5 a report has documented that injection of recombinant IL-1 ⁇ into rat cerebral ventricle increases the cerebral infarction
  • non-patent document 6 a cerebral ischemic disorder alleviating action by the administration of an IL-1 ⁇ receptor antagonist (recombinant IL-1ra) is shown (non-patent document 6).
  • Phase II a cerebral ischemic disorder alleviating effect by administration of recombinant IL-1ra has been reported (non-patent document 7).
  • Patent document 1 describes that the compound is effective for various diseases associated with various abnormalities in TNF- ⁇ production, TNF- ⁇ mediated diseases or diseases treatable with interleukin 10 (IL-10) (transplantation, osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, chronic cardiac failure, cardiac failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury and the like), and patent document 2 describes that the compound is effective for nonviral hepatitis.
  • IL-10 interleukin 10
  • non-patent documents 8 and 9 report that the compound is effective for hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis models since the compound suppresses production of inflammatory cytokines TNF- ⁇ and IL-12 and promotes production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
  • the effectiveness of the compound for cerebral infarction and its treatment effect on cerebral infarction are not described or suggested.
  • the present inventors have found that a certain kind of piperazine compound can be provided as a novel therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction by measuring brain injury volume of monkey middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion model by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (Magnetic resonance imaging, hereinafter MRI) in the same manner as in clinical measurements and determining the details of neurological function (higher brain function), which resulted in the completion of the present invention.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging hereinafter MRI
  • the present compound suppresses not only inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- ⁇ , IL-12 and interferon y (hereinafter IFN-y), but also cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic factor (Monocyte chemotactic protein-1, hereinafter MPC-1) and the like. They have further confirmed that the present compound suppresses plural cytokines and chemokines present in the brain such as TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and MPC-1 and the like.
  • the gist of the present invention is as follows.
  • the compounds of the formula ⁇ 1> are useful as a therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction. These compounds suppress inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6, MCP-1 and the like, whose production is enhanced in the brain. Moreover, these compounds decrease brain injury volume and improve higher neurological function in monkey middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion model.
  • the therapeutic drug of the present invention contains a compound represented by the aforementioned formula ⁇ 1> as an active ingredient.
  • Each symbol in the aforementioned formula ⁇ 1> means as follows.
  • the halogen for R 1 or R 2 is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • the lower alkyl for R 1 or R 2 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • the lower alkoxy for R 1 or R 2 is alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, tertiary butoxy and the like.
  • lower alkyl as the substituent means alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • the lower acyl as the substituent means lower alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, which is lower alkanoyl substituted by lower alkoxycarbonyl or phenyl group, such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, tertiary butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl and phenylpropionyl.
  • Amino mono- or di-substituted by these substituents is methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, propylamino, butylamino, acetylamino, diacetylamino, propionylamino, dipropionylamino, butyrylamino, N-methyl-N-acetylamino, N-ethyl-N-acetylamino, N-methyl-N-propionylamino, methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, propoxycarbonylamino, tertiary butoxycarbonylamino, benzoylamino, phenylacetylamino or the like.
  • the halogen for R 3 , R 4 or R 5 is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • the lower alkyl for R 3 , R 4 or R 5 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • the lower alkoxy for R 3 , R 4 or R 5 is alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, tertiary butoxy and the like.
  • lower alkyl as the substituent means alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • the lower acyl as the substituent means lower alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4 or lower alkanoyl substituted by lower alkoxycarbonyl or phenyl group, such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, tertiary butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl and phenylpropionyl.
  • Amino mono- or di-substituted by these substituents is methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, propylamino, butylamino, acetylamino, diacetylamino, propionylamino, dipropionylamino, butyrylamino, N-methyl-N-acetylamino, N-ethyl-N-acetylamino, N-methyl-N-propionylamino, methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, propoxycarbonylamino, tertiary butoxycarbonylamino, benzoylamino, phenylacetylamino or the like.
  • the lower alkyl for R 6 or R 7 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • the lower alkyl substituted by 1 to 3 halogens for R 6 or R 7 is lower alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, which is substituted by halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like), such as fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 4-chlorobutyl and the like.
  • halogen fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like
  • the aralkyl for R 6 or R 7 is benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl and the like.
  • the acyl for R 6 or R 7 is lower alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4 or lower alkylsulfonyl having a carbon number of 1-4, which is substituted by alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-5, lower alkoxycarbonyl having a carbon number of 1-4, phenyl group or pyridyl group, such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, trimethylacetyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, tertiary butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, nicotinoyl, isonicotinoyl, picolinoyl, phenylacetyl, phenylpropionyl, methanesulfonyl and the like.
  • the lower acyl substituted by 1 to 3 halogens for R 6 or R 7 is lower acyl having a carbon number of 1-4, which is substituted by halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like), such as fluoroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, chloroacetyl, bromoacetyl, 3-chloropropionyl, 3-bromopropionyl, 4-chlorobutyryl, 4-bromobutyryl and the like.
  • halogen fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like
  • the lower alkyl for R 8 or R 9 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • the lower alkyl for R a , R b , R c or R d is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • the aralkyl for R a , R b , R c or R d is benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl or the like.
  • the lower alkyl of hydroxy lower alkyl for R a , R b , R c or R d is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • Any two groups of R a , R b , R c and R d that are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1 or 2 are methylene, ethylene and the like.
  • the lower alkyl for R 10 or R 11 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and the like.
  • the lower alkyl for R 12 or R 13 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and the like.
  • R 12 and R 13 that form alkylene in combination are methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene and the like.
  • the lower alkyl for R 14 or R 15 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and the like.
  • the pyrimidyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl and imidazolyl for ring A are 2-pyrimidyl, 4-pyrimidyl, 5-pyrimidyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2 pyrazinyl and 2-imidazolyl and the like.
  • the pyridyl and thienyl for ring B are 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl and the like.
  • the lower alkyl for R 1a , R 1b , R 1c or R 1d is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • the aralkyl for R 1a , R 1b , R 1c or R 1d is benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl or the like.
  • the lower alkyl of hydroxy lower alkyl for R 1a , R 1b , R 1c or R 1d is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl and the like. Any two groups of R 1a , R 1b , R 1c and R 1d that are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1 or 2 are methylene, ethylene and the like.
  • a compound of the formula ⁇ 1> wherein R 1 and R 2 are hydrogens, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen or lower alkoxy, R 6 and R 7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or acyl, R 8 and R 9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R 10 and R 11 are hydrogens, R 14 and R 15 are hydrogen, R a , R b , R c and R d are hydrogens, or any two are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1 group and other groups are each hydrogen, ring A is phenyl, pyrimidyl, thiazolyl or pyridyl, and ring B is phenyl or pyridyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is preferable.
  • R a , R b , R c and R d are each hydrogen, ring B is phenyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound ⁇ 1> of the present invention include salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, salts with organic acids such as acetic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 10-camphorsulfonic acid and the like, and the like.
  • the compound ⁇ 1> of the present invention can be converted to a quaternary ammonium salt.
  • the compound ⁇ 1> of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be hydrate (1 hydrate, 1/2 hydrate, 1/4 hydrate, 1/5 hydrate, 2 hydrate, 3/2 hydrate, 3/4 hydrate and the like) or solvate.
  • the compound ⁇ 1> of the present invention has an asymmetric atom, at least two kinds of optical isomers are present. Such optical isomers and racemates thereof are also encompassed in the present invention.
  • preferable specific compound examples include the compounds described in [4], [7], [9], [10], [11] and [17] of the above-mentioned gist of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Examples of particularly preferable compound include N-[1-(4- ⁇ [4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl ⁇ phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, N-[1-(4- ⁇ [(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl ⁇ phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and N-(1- ⁇ 5-[ ⁇ 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl ⁇ methyl]pyridin-2-yl ⁇ cyclopropyl)acetamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • compound ⁇ 1> wherein ring B is phenyl and any of R a -R d is hydrogen can be produced according to the method described in patent document 1.
  • compound wherein ring B is phenyl and at least one of R a -R d is other than hydrogen can be produced, for example, by a method comprising replacing compound III in method A described in patent document 1 with compound ⁇ 5-1> (method A-a), or a method similar to method K described in patent document 1 (method K-a).
  • Lv is a leaving group widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), methanesulfonyloxy, p-toluenesulfonyloxy or trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy
  • P 1 and P 2 include R 6 and R 7 defined above, or an amino-protecting group widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as benzyloxycarbonyl group or tert-butyloxycarbonyl group, P 1 and P 2 optionally form an imide group (e.g., phthalimide and the like) together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, and other symbols are as defined above, provided that when R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 1a , R 1b , R 1c and R 1d each have a functional group, they may be protected as necessary.
  • imide group e.g., phthalimide and the like
  • condensation reaction of compound ⁇ 4> and compound ⁇ 5-1> can be performed in the same manner as in Method A described in patent document 1.
  • compound ⁇ 5-1> a commercially available product is used or can be synthesized from, for example, commercially available piperazine derivative ⁇ 6-1> according to (Method A-a-1) shown in the following.
  • P 3 is an amino-protecting group widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as tert-butyloxycarbonyl group and benzyloxycarbonyl group
  • Lv 1 is a leaving group widely used in aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction, halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), methanesulfonyloxy, p-toluenesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, benzenesulfophenyl, benzenesulfonyloxy, benzenesulfonyl, azido, aryloxy, alkoxy, alkylthio or amino, and other symbols are as defined above]
  • condensation reaction of compound ⁇ 6-1> and compound ⁇ 7> can be performed in the same manner as in Method K described in patent document 1 or a method described in patent document 1 (Method DD), wherein compound (III) is directly obtained from compound (XLII).
  • Deprotection can be performed by a general deprotection of amino group described in a literature, for example, Protective groups in organic synthesis, John Willey & Sons, INC. (hereinafter non-patent document 10) and the like.
  • a commercially available product is used or can be synthesized by, for example, protecting an amino group of a commercially available piperazine derivative with a suitable protecting group by a method described in a literature, for example, non-patent document 10 and the like.
  • P 4 is a hydrogen atom or an amino-protecting group widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as tert-butyloxycarbonyl group and benzyloxycarbonyl group, and other symbols are as defined above.
  • the condensation reaction of compound ⁇ 4> and compound ⁇ 6-2> can be performed in the same manner as in Method K described in patent document 1 or a method in described in patent document 1 (Method DD), wherein compound (III) is directly obtained from compound (XLII).
  • P 4 is a protecting group
  • deprotection is performed by the method described in non-patent document 10 etc., whereby compound ⁇ 8> is obtained.
  • Compound ⁇ 8> is reacted with compound ⁇ 7> under conditions similar to those described in patent document 1, Method K, whereby compound ⁇ 3> is obtained.
  • a commercially available product is used or can be synthesized by, for example, protecting an amino group of a commercially available piperazine derivative with a suitable protecting group by a method described in a literature, for example, non-patent document 10 and the like.
  • compound ⁇ 1> wherein ring B is pyridyl or thienyl can be synthesized by, for example, a method similar to Method A described in patent document 1 (Method A-b).
  • compound ⁇ 5-2> may be a commercially available product, or can be synthesized from a commercially available piperazine derivative by a method similar to, for example, (Method A-a-1).
  • W is a carboxylic acid derivative mutually easily convertible by a method basically and widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as carboxylic acid and carboxylate
  • P 5 is a hydroxyl-protecting group widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as tertbutyldimethylsilyl group and the like, and other symbols are as defined above.
  • Carboxylic acid derivative ⁇ 10> is reduced by a method similar to Method L described in patent document 1 to give compound ⁇ 11>, the hydroxyl group is protected with a suitable protecting group by the method described in, for example, non-patent document 10 and the like to give compound ⁇ 12>, the cyano group is converted to a 1-aminocyclopropyl-1-yl group by the method described in J. Org. Chem.
  • Examples of the method for converting hydroxyl group to leaving group Lv when the leaving group is a sulfonic acid ester such as methanesulfonyloxy and the like include a method including reacting alcohol ⁇ 14> with alkyl or aryl chloride and the like in a nonaqueous solvent such as methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran and the like, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and the like.
  • the reaction of compound ⁇ 16> with compound ⁇ 5-2> can be performed in the same manner as in Method A described in patent document 1.
  • carboxylic acid derivative ⁇ 10> a commercially available product is used or can be synthesized from a commercially available halogenated allylcarboxylic acid derivative by, for example, the following Method A-b-1-1.
  • Hal is halogen such as chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like, and other symbols are as defined above.
  • Compound ⁇ 18> is cyanated to give ⁇ 19>.
  • the cyanation agent used for the cyanation reaction include sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, copper cyanide, zinc cyanide, trimethylsilyl cyanide, p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide and the like.
  • a combination of a metal salt such as palladium acetate and the like, and a ligand such as triphenylphosphine and the like, or a metal complex such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and the like, or a base such as N-methylpyrrolidine and the like may be used, or these may be used in combination.
  • Examples of the solvent to be used for the cyanation reaction include lower alcohol such as methanol, ethanol and the like, acetonitrile, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like and a mixture thereof.
  • the reaction temperature is generally 0-150°C, and a temperature lower or higher than this range can be selected as necessary.
  • the reaction time is generally within the range of 30 min to 2 days, and a time longer or shorter than this range can be selected as necessary.
  • the present invention can provide a therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction containing the above-mentioned compound as an active ingredient.
  • the cerebral infarction includes atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, lacunar cerebral infarction and cardioembolic cerebral infarction.
  • the present invention can provide a therapeutic drug for diseases involving inflammatory cytokines (TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6, MCP-1, IL-8, IFN- ⁇ etc.) relating to the brain spinal cord, which contains the above-mentioned compound as an active ingredient.
  • diseases involving inflammatory cytokines relating to the brain and spinal cord include infections such as encephalitis and encephalomyelitis, diseases caused by nerve inflammation of the central nervous system including autoimmune diseases and other diseases.
  • the above-mentioned compounds are used as therapeutic drugs for cerebral infarction and the like, they are formulated as general pharmaceutical preparations.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier excipient, binder, disintegrant, corrigent, flavor, emulsifier, diluent, solubilizer and the like
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier excipient, binder, disintegrant, corrigent, flavor, emulsifier, diluent, solubilizer and the like
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier excipient, binder, disintegrant, corrigent, flavor, emulsifier, diluent, solubilizer and the like
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier excipient, binder, disintegrant, corrigent, flavor, emulsifier, diluent, solubilizer and the like
  • a resulting pharmaceutical composition or in a form suitable for oral or parenteral preparation such as tablet, pill, powder, granule, capsule, troche, syrup, liquid, emul
  • additives such as sucrose, lactose, cellulose sugar, D-mannitol, maltitol, dextran, starches, agar, arginates, chitins, chitosans, pectins, trangacanths, gum arabics, gelatins, collagens, casein, albumin, calcium phosphate, sorbitol, glycine, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, sodium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc and the like are used.
  • tablets can be processed into those having a general coating as necessary, for example, sugar-coated tablet, enteric tablet, film-coated tablet, two-layer tablet and multi-layer tablet.
  • animal and plant fats and oils oil, corn oil, castor oil and the like
  • mineral oils mineral oils
  • waxes jojoba oil, carnauba wax, beeswax and the like
  • partially synthesized or entirely synthesized glycerol acid esters laauryl acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and the like
  • Witepsol manufactured by Dynamid Novel
  • Pharmasol manufactured by NOF Corporation
  • additives such as sodium chloride, glucose, sorbitol, glycerol, olive oil, propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol and the like can be mentioned.
  • aseptic aqueous solutions for example, saline, isotonic solution and oily liquids such as sesame oil and soybean oil are used.
  • suitable suspending agents such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, non-ionic surfactants, solubilizers such as benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol and the like may be used in combination.
  • an aqueous liquid or aqueous solution is used and, particularly, an aseptic aqueous solution for injection can be mentioned.
  • the liquid for eye drop or nasal drop may contain various additives as appropriate, such as buffers (borate buffer, acetate buffer, carbonate buffer and the like are preferable for reducing stimulation), isotonicity agent, solubilizer, preservative, thickener, chelating agent, pH adjuster (pH is preferably adjusted to generally about 6-8.5), aromatic and the like.
  • the amount of the active ingredient in these preparations is 0.1-100 wt%, suitably 1-50 wt%, of the preparation. While the dose varies depending on the symptom, body weight, age and the like of the patients, for oral administration, it is generally about 0.1-3000 mg per day for an adult, which is preferably administered in one to several portions. Examples
  • 2,6-Dimethylpiperazine (5.71 g) was dissolved in dioxane (150 ml), di-tert-butyl bicarbonate (3.64 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated, water (50 ml) was added to the residue, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (once with 100 ml and once with 50 ml). The extract was washed with saturated brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated to give the title compound (3.58 g).
  • 3,5-Dimethyl-9-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (294 mg) was dissolved in ethanol (2 ml), 4N hydrochloric acid (ethyl acetate solution, 2 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hr. The solvent was evaporated, and ethyl acetate (3 ml) was added to the obtained residue. The solid insoluble in ethyl acetate was collected by filtration and dried to give the title compound (281 mg).
  • N-[1-(4-Chloromethylphenyl)cyclopropyl)acetamide (22.3 mg) and 2-(2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine hydrochloride (265 mg) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL), potassium carbonate (415 mg) was added and the mixture was stirred at 80°C for 8 hr. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred, extracted with ethyl acetate, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • N-[1-4- ⁇ [(2R)-Methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl ⁇ phenyl]cyclopropyl]acetamide hydrochloride (532 mg), 2-chloropyrimidine (170 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (0.75 ml) were heated in an oil bath at 100°C for 2 hr 10 min. Water (20 ml) was added, and the mixture was extracted with toluene (20 ml, twice) and ethyl acetate (30 ml, once), and the organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated brine.
  • 6-Cyanonicotinic acid 500 mg was dissolved in dichloromethane (25 ml), water-soluble carbodiimide (776 mg), methanol (0.164 ml) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (49 mg) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hr 10 min.
  • the reaction mixture was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate and saturated brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • the solvent was evaporated, and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH TM COLUMN size 2L, elution solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound.
  • the same reactions were repeated using 6-cyanonicotinic acid (547 mg) to give the title compound (total 951 mg).
  • 6-Cyanonicotinic acid methyl ester (701 mg) was dissolved in a mixed solvent of methanol (1 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (7 ml) and sodium borohydride (197 mg) was added under icecooling. The mixture was directly heated to room temperature and stirred overnight. Water (20 ml) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (once with 50 ml and once with 30 ml), washed with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • N- ⁇ 1-[5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropyl ⁇ acetamide (100 mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml), methanesulfonyl chloride (0.045 ml) and triethylamine (0.080 ml) were added thereto and the mixture was stirred for 2 hr 50 min. Water (10 ml) was added thereto and the mixture was stirred. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 ml, twice), washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • N- ⁇ 1-[5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropyl ⁇ acetamide (3.13 g) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (150 ml), methanesulfonyl chloride (1.76 ml) and triethylamine (4.25 ml) were added thereto and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr. Water (150 ml) was added thereto and the mixture was stirred, extracted with ethyl acetate, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and diisopropyl ether was added to the obtained residue to give 3.76 g of a white solid.
  • Test compound A (not according to the invention) used below was produced according to the method described in patent document 1, Example 71.
  • test compound A N-(1-(4-((4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)cyclopropyl)acetamide ⁇ hydrochloride
  • the middle cerebral artery of male Wistar rats (Japan Laboratory animals Inc.) was obstructed with suture (silicon-coated nylon thread), and test compound A (10 mg/kg) (not according to the invention) dissolved in saline was intravenously administered in 30 min after occlusion, and middle cerebral artery was reperfused in 60 min after administration. In only the rats used for TNF- ⁇ measurement, test compound A was administered orally.
  • the brain was isolated at 12 hr after the occlusion (see Koizumi, J. et al., Jpn. J. Stroke, 8, 1-8, 1986 ). The brain tissue was homogenized, the centrifuged supernatant was collected and cytokine and chemokine were measured by ELISA.
  • Intracerebral TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ and IL-6 were measured using an Immunoassay Kit (BIOSOURCE) according to the manufactures' protocol.
  • MCP-1 was measured using an MCP-1 Instant ELISA (Bener MedSystems) according to the manufactures' protocol.
  • TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ and IL-6 which are intracerebral inflammatory cytokines, and MCP-1, which is chemokine, increased by transient cerebral ischemia [ Fig. 1-4 ].
  • the test compound A suppressed each of the increased concentrations of TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and MCP-1.
  • the brain injury volume was measured by MRI (FLAIR method) one day and seven days after occlusion.
  • Test compound A (5 mg/kg) (not according to the invention) dissolved in 0.5% tragacanth was repeatedly administered orally twice a day for 14 days.
  • neurological score the neurological function was evaluated by scoring the consciousness, perception, motility and muscular commands.
  • the middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion was conducted according to the method of Furuichi et al. ( Furuichi, Y et al., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 23, 1183-1194, 2003 ), which is specifically as follows. Macaca fascicularis fasted in advance for 12 hr or longer was anesthetized by intramuscular administration of ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg), anesthetized by intravenous administration of pentobarbital sodium (25 mg/kg) and fixed on an operating table.
  • Test compound A was orally administered within 1 hr and 6 hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion and within 30 min after feeding in the morning and evening (twice a day) from the next day for 14 days.
  • test compound A showed a suppressive action on the spread of the cerebral infarction region both at 1 day and 7 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion [ Fig. 5 ].
  • test compound A showed a neurological deficit-ameliorating effect [ Fig. 6 ].
  • LPS lipopolysaccharide, derived from E. coli 0111:B4, Sigma, 500 ⁇ g/kg
  • BALB/c mouse Charles River Laboratories Japan
  • TNF- ⁇ was measured using an Immunoassay Kit (R&D Systems) and IL-10, MCP-1 and IL-6 were measured using an Immunoassay Kit (BIOSOURCE).
  • Test compound A (not according to the invention) , the compound synthesized in Example 3 (test compound B) and the compound synthesized in Example 7 (test compound C) were dissolved in saline, and the mixture was orally administered at 10 mg/kg 30 min before LPS administration.
  • the results are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3.
  • the effect of each test compound on respective intracerebral cytokines was calculated as the ratio of each cytokine concentration in the blood of the group administered with each test compound to each cytokine concentration in the blood of the group free of administration of each test compound.
  • Respective test compounds A, B and C suppressed TNF- ⁇ , IL-6 and MCP-1 production in the above-mentioned LPS model mouse and increased IL-10.
  • a 2 mm brain strip was prepared, and the strip was stained with PBS (pH 7.4, 37°C) containing 1% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
  • TTC 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride
  • the cerebral infarction area was measured by image analysis and the cerebral infarction volume was calculated.
  • compound A, compound B and compound C suppressed cerebral infarction volume by 42.5%, 17.8% and 43.2%, respectively [ Fig. 7 ].
  • Test compound A (not according to the invention) , test compound B and test compound C were each dissolved in 0.5% aqueous HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) solution in the case of oral administration, or in saline in the case of intravenous administration, and they were orally or intravenously administered to male SD(IGS) rats (Charles River Laboratories Japan) by 3 mg/kg.
  • test compound was administered by gavage using an oral gavage needle (p.o.), or administered in the tail vein (i.v.).
  • the blood samples were collected at 15 and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr after administration in the case of oral administration, and 5 and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr after administration in the case of intravenous administration.
  • the results are shown in Tables 4 (test compound A), 5 (test compound B) and 6 (test compound C).
  • the Cmax values for i.v. in Tables 4, 5 and 6 show plasma concentration at 5 min after administration.
  • test compound A was 1459.7 ng/mL, 470.8 ng/mL and 2003.0 ng/mL, respectively, and the bioavailability was 104.3%, 75.5% and 80.7%, respectively.
  • test compound A (not according to the invention) dissolved in 0.5% aqueous HPMC solution was orally administered at 30 mg/kg, and test compound B and test compound C dissolved in 0.5% aqueous HPMC solution were each orally administered at 3 mg/kg to SD(IGS) rats (Charles River Laboratories Japan).
  • SD(IGS) rats Charles River Laboratories Japan
  • test compound B and test compound C were each orally administered at 3 mg/kg to SD(IGS) rats (Charles River Laboratories Japan).
  • blood samples were collected, and the brain (cerebral ⁇ cerebellum) was isolated.
  • the plasma concentration and intracerebral concentration of each test compound were measured, and the ratio (Kp value) thereof was calculated, based on which the intracerebral transitivity was evaluated.
  • Kp value of each test compound at 1 hr and 4 hr after administration was 0.5 and 0.5, respectively, for test compound A, 0.8 and 1.3, respectively, for test compound B and 0.8 and 0.9, respectively,
  • a novel therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction can be provided, which suppresses production of plural inflammatory cytokines present in the brain.
  • the brain injury volume of a monkey middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion model was noninvasively measured by MRI and detailed neurological deficit (higher brain function) was measured over time as shown in Pharmacological Experimental Example 2, based on which the effectiveness of the above-mentioned compound as a therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction was demonstrated.
  • the pathology is measured and scored by evaluation of cerebral infarction by MRI along with incorporation of various indices.
  • TTC phenyltetrazolium chloride
  • Bederson method paralysis
  • the therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction of the present invention can also be provided as a therapeutic drug for inflammatory diseases relating to the brain and spinal cord, such as encephalitis and encephalomyelitis (encephalomyelitis and other diseases caused by nerve inflammation inclusive of infections and autoimmune diseases).

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Description

    Technical Field
  • The present invention relates to a therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction.
    • Background Art
  • The pathology of cerebral ischemia is divided into the hyperacute stage (about 3 hours from the onset) and the acute stage (about 2 weeks from the onset). The cerebral ischemic neuronal cell death is known to relate to excitatory amino acid toxicity and free radical. In the excitatory amino acid toxicity, a cellular disorder is developed in the hyperacute stage due to calcium influx associated with release of glutamic acid caused by energy disorders and binding of the acid to its receptor, and inflammation reaction occurs in the acute stage (non-patent document 1). As for free radical, its increase or hypoxic condition induces expression of an inflammatory gene (proinflammatroy gene) via production of a transcription factor such as transcription Nuclear factor κB (hereinafter NF-κB), Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (hereinafter HIF-1), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (hereinafter STAT3) and the like (non-patent document 2). Through these mechanisms, inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (hereinafter TNF-α), Inrerleukin-1β (hereinafter IL-1β), interleukin-6 (hereinafter IL-6) and the like are produced. These cytokines are considered to advance symptoms such as brain edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, and encourage neurological deficit.
  • At present, as a drug showing neuroprotection against ischemia, only Edaravon that traps free radical (hydroxy radical) can be mentioned, which is used for treating cerebral infarction (atherothrombotic brain infarction, lacunar infarction, cardioembolic stroke). On the other hand, although ion channel (Ca2+, Na+) inhibitors and glutamic acid receptor inhibitors suppress cerebral infarction in animal experiments, they fail to show effect in clinical trials. Therefore, a neuroprotective agent having novel action mechanisms such as suppression of neuroinflammation and the like, which protects cerebral neuronal cells and suppresses enlargement of ischemic region is expected.
  • As for the suppression of inflammatory cytokine that has been reported to act neurotoxically in cerebral ischemic pathology, for example, when topical cerebral ischemic disorder of rat is aggravated by the administration of TNF-α in animal experiments, the cerebral ischemic disorder can be alleviated by a intraventricular administration of a TNF-α antibody (non-patent document 3). Moreover, it has been reported that DPH-067517, a TNF-α converting enzyme inhibitor, suppresses TNF-α expression on the cerebral infarction side and reduces neurological deficit and cerebral infarct volume in rat cerebral infarction model (non-patent document 4). In addition, a report has documented that injection of recombinant IL-1β into rat cerebral ventricle increases the cerebral infarction (non-patent document 5), and moreover, a cerebral ischemic disorder alleviating action by the administration of an IL-1β receptor antagonist (recombinant IL-1ra) is shown (non-patent document 6). In the clinical trial (Phase II), moreover, a cerebral ischemic disorder alleviating effect by administration of recombinant IL-1ra has been reported (non-patent document 7). However, there has been no report heretofore on a low-molecular-weight compound having a direct action on the IL-1β molecule per se, and the above-mentioned DPH-067517 cannot suppress the IL-1β expression on the cerebral infarction side.
  • As mentioned above, while many reports relating to individual inflammatory cytokines and cerebral infarction have been made, the effect thereof is not sufficient.
  • As a compound that inhibits TNF-α, the present inventors have found piperazine compounds having the properties shown in patent documents 1 and 2. Patent document 1 describes that the compound is effective for various diseases associated with various abnormalities in TNF-α production, TNF-α mediated diseases or diseases treatable with interleukin 10 (IL-10) (transplantation, osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, chronic cardiac failure, cardiac failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury and the like), and patent document 2 describes that the compound is effective for nonviral hepatitis. Moreover, non-patent documents 8 and 9 report that the compound is effective for hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis models since the compound suppresses production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-12 and promotes production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. However, the effectiveness of the compound for cerebral infarction and its treatment effect on cerebral infarction are not described or suggested.
    • patent document 1: WO99/19301
    • patent document 2: WO2005/103013
    • non-patent document 1: Dirnagl, U. et al., Trends. Neurosci., 22, 391-397 (1999)
    • non-patent document 2: Dirnagl, U. et al., Trends. Neurosci., 26, 248-254 (2003)
    • non-patent document 3: Barone, F.C. et al., Stroke, 28, 1233-1244 (1997)
    • non-patent document 4: Wang, X., et al., Molecular Pharmacology, 65, 890-896 (2004)
    • non-patent document 5: Yamasaki, Y. et al., Stroke, 26, 676-681 (1995)
    • non-patent document 6: Betz, A.L. et al., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 15, 547-551 (1995)
    • non-patent document 7: Emsley, H.C.A. et al., J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych., 76, 1366-1372 (2005)
    • non-patent document 8: Fukuda, T. et al., J. Pharmacy harmacol., 57, 1461-1466 (2005)
    • non-patent document 9: Hisadome, M. et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol., 497, 351-359 (2004)
    Disclosure of the Invention Problems to be Solved by the Invention
  • The present inventors have found that a certain kind of piperazine compound can be provided as a novel therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction by measuring brain injury volume of monkey middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion model by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (Magnetic resonance imaging, hereinafter MRI) in the same manner as in clinical measurements and determining the details of neurological function (higher brain function), which resulted in the completion of the present invention. They have also found that the present compound suppresses not only inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-12 and interferon y (hereinafter IFN-y), but also cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic factor (Monocyte chemotactic protein-1, hereinafter MPC-1) and the like. They have further confirmed that the present compound suppresses plural cytokines and chemokines present in the brain such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MPC-1 and the like.
    • Means of Solving the Problems
  • Accordingly, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
    1. 1. An agent comprising a piperazine compound represented by the formula <1>
      Figure imgb0001
       wherein
      • R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, amino, amino which is mono-or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, hydroxy or cyano,
      • R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, amino, amino which is mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, hydroxy or cyano,
      • R6 and R7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens, aralkyl, acyl or acyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens,
      • R8, R9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
      • Ra-Rd are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or any two of Ra-Rd are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1 or 2,
      • Y is a group represented by the formula
        Figure imgb0002
         wherein
        • R10 and R11 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
        • R12 and R13 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or R12 and R13 are groups that form alkylene in combination,
        • R14 and R15 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, and
        • m is an integer of 0-2, n is an integer of 0-2 and 0≤m+n≤2,
        • ring A is phenyl, pyrimidyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl or imidazolyl, and
        • ring B is pyridyl,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient for use in the treatment of cerebral infarction.
    2. 2. The agent according to item 1, wherein the active ingredient is a compound of the formula <1> wherein
      • R1 and R2 are hydrogen,
      • R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen or alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4,
      • R6 and R7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or acyl,
      • R8 and R9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
      • R10 and R11 are hydrogen,
      • R14 and R15 are hydrogen,
      • Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd are each hydrogen, or any two are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1 group and other groups are each hydrogen,
      • ring A is phenyl, pyrimidyl, thiazolyl or pyridyl, and
      • ring B is pyridyl,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
    3. 3. The agent according to item 1, wherein the active ingredient is at least one selected from the following compounds:
      • N-(1-{5-[{4-(pyrimidin-2-yl) piperazin-1-yl}methyl]pyridin-2-yl}cyclopropyl)acetamide, and
      • N-[1-(5-{[(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl}pyridin-2-yl) cyclopropyl]acetamide,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
    4. 4. A piperazine compound represented by the formula <2>
      Figure imgb0003
       wherein
      • R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, amino, amino which is mono-or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, hydroxy or cyano,
      • R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, amino, amino which is mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, hydroxy or cyano,
      • R6 and R7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens, aralkyl, acyl or acyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens,
      • R8 and R9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
      • Ra-Rd are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or any two of Ra-Rd are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1-2,
      • Y is a group represented by the formula
        Figure imgb0004
         wherein
        • R10 and R11 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
        • R12 and R13 are groups that form alkylene in combination,
        • R14 and R15 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
        • m is an integer of 0-2, n is an integer of 0-2, and 0≤m+n≤2,
        • ring A is phenyl, pyrimidyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyradinyl or imidazolyl, and
        • ring B1 is pyridyl,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
    5. 5. A piperazine compound represented by the formula <3>
      Figure imgb0005
       wherein
      • R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, amino, amino which is mono-or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, hydroxy or cyano,
      • R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, amino, amino which is mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, hydroxy or cyano,
      • R6 and R7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens, aralkyl, acyl or acyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens,
      • R8 and R9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
      • at least one of R1a-R1d is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or any two of R1a-R1d are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1-2, and other substituents are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
      • Y is a group represented by the formula
        Figure imgb0006
         wherein
        • R10 and R11 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
        • R12 and R13 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or R12 and R13 are groups that form alkylene in combination,
        • R14 and R15 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
        • m is an integer of 0-2, n is an integer of 0-2, and 0≤m+n≤2, and
        • ring A is phenyl, pyrimidyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl or imidazolyl,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
    6. 6. The piperazine compound according to item 4, which is represented by the formula <4>
      Figure imgb0007
       wherein
      • R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, amino, amino which is mono-or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, hydroxy or cyano,
      • R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, amino, amino which is mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, hydroxy or cyano,
      • R6 is acyl or acyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens, and
      • Ra-Rd are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or any two of Ra-Rd are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1-2,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
    7. 7. The piperazine compound according to item 5, which is represented by the formula <5>
      Figure imgb0008
       wherein
      • R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, amino, amino which is mono-or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, hydroxy or cyano,
      • R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, amino, amino which is mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, hydroxy or cyano,
      • R6 is acyl or acyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens, and
      • at least one of R1a-R1d is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or any two of R1a-R1d are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1-2, and other substituents are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
    8. 8. The piperazine compound according to item 5 or 7, which is selected from
      • N-(1-{4-[(3,5-dimethyl-4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}cyclopropyl)acetamide,
      • N-[1-(4-{[(3S)-3-methyl-4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl)phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide,
      • N-[1-(4-{[(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl)phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide,
      • N-(1-{4-[{2,5-dimethyl-9-(pyrimidin-2-yl)}piperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}cyclopropyl)acetamide,
      • N-[1-(4-{[((2R)-2-methyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl))piperazin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide and
      • N-(1-{4-[{(2,6-dimethyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl))piperazin-1-yl}methyl]phenyl}cyclopropyl)acetamide,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the piperazine compound according to item 4 or 6, which is selected from
      • N-(1-{5-[{4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl}methyl]pyridin-2-yl}cyclopropyl)acetamide and
      • N-[1-(5-{[(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl}pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]acetamide,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
    Effect of the Invention
  • The compounds of the formula <1> are useful as a therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction. These compounds suppress inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and the like, whose production is enhanced in the brain. Moreover, these compounds decrease brain injury volume and improve higher neurological function in monkey middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion model.
    • Brief Description of the Drawings
    • Fig. 1 shows intracerebral TNF-α concentration of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model, wherein "Sham" is a sham operation group without occlusion with suture, "Vehicle" is a group that was subjected to occlusion and administered with saline alone, and "test compound A" is a test compound A administration group.
    • Fig. 2 shows intracerebral IL-1β concentration of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model, wherein each column means the same as in Fig. 1.
    • Fig. 3 shows intracerebral IL-6 concentration of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model, wherein each column means the same as in Fig. 1.
    • Fig. 4 shows intracerebral MPC-1 concentration of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model, wherein each column means the same as in Fig. 1.
    • Fig. 5 shows brain injury volume of monkey middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion model, wherein a black column shows a Vehicle group (0.5% tragacanth alone administration group), and a hatched column shows a test compound A administration group.
    • Fig. 6 shows scores of neurological function in monkey middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion model, wherein a dotted line graph is a Vehicle group (0.5% tragacanth alone administration group) and a solid line graph is a test compound A administration group.
    • Fig. 7 shows cerebral infarction volume of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model, wherein a white column is a Vehicle group (saline alone administration group) and a black column is a test compound administration group. Best Mode for Carrying out the Invention
  • The present invention is explained in more detail in the following.
  • The therapeutic drug of the present invention contains a compound represented by the aforementioned formula <1> as an active ingredient. Each symbol in the aforementioned formula <1> means as follows.
  • The halogen for R1 or R2 is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • The lower alkyl for R1 or R2 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • The lower alkoxy for R1 or R2 is alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, tertiary butoxy and the like.
  • In amino for R1 or R2, which is mono- or di-substituted by a group selected from lower alkyl and lower acyl, lower alkyl as the substituent means alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like. The lower acyl as the substituent means lower alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, which is lower alkanoyl substituted by lower alkoxycarbonyl or phenyl group, such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, tertiary butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl and phenylpropionyl. Amino mono- or di-substituted by these substituents is methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, propylamino, butylamino, acetylamino, diacetylamino, propionylamino, dipropionylamino, butyrylamino, N-methyl-N-acetylamino, N-ethyl-N-acetylamino, N-methyl-N-propionylamino, methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, propoxycarbonylamino, tertiary butoxycarbonylamino, benzoylamino, phenylacetylamino or the like.
  • The halogen for R3, R4 or R5 is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • The lower alkyl for R3, R4 or R5 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • The lower alkoxy for R3, R4 or R5 is alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, tertiary butoxy and the like.
  • In amino for R3, R4 or R5, which is mono- or di-substituted by a group selected from lower alkyl and lower acyl, lower alkyl as the substituent means alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like. The lower acyl as the substituent means lower alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4 or lower alkanoyl substituted by lower alkoxycarbonyl or phenyl group, such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, tertiary butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl and phenylpropionyl. Amino mono- or di-substituted by these substituents is methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, propylamino, butylamino, acetylamino, diacetylamino, propionylamino, dipropionylamino, butyrylamino, N-methyl-N-acetylamino, N-ethyl-N-acetylamino, N-methyl-N-propionylamino, methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, propoxycarbonylamino, tertiary butoxycarbonylamino, benzoylamino, phenylacetylamino or the like.
  • The lower alkyl for R6 or R7 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • The lower alkyl substituted by 1 to 3 halogens for R6 or R7 is lower alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, which is substituted by halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like), such as fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 4-chlorobutyl and the like.
  • The aralkyl for R6 or R7 is benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl and the like.
  • The acyl for R6 or R7 is lower alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4 or lower alkylsulfonyl having a carbon number of 1-4, which is substituted by alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-5, lower alkoxycarbonyl having a carbon number of 1-4, phenyl group or pyridyl group, such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, trimethylacetyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, tertiary butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, nicotinoyl, isonicotinoyl, picolinoyl, phenylacetyl, phenylpropionyl, methanesulfonyl and the like.
  • The lower acyl substituted by 1 to 3 halogens for R6 or R7 is lower acyl having a carbon number of 1-4, which is substituted by halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like), such as fluoroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, chloroacetyl, bromoacetyl, 3-chloropropionyl, 3-bromopropionyl, 4-chlorobutyryl, 4-bromobutyryl and the like.
  • The lower alkyl for R8 or R9 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • The lower alkyl for Ra, Rb, Rc or Rd is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • The aralkyl for Ra, Rb, Rc or Rd is benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl or the like.
  • The lower alkyl of hydroxy lower alkyl for Ra, Rb, Rc or Rd is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • Any two groups of Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd that are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1 or 2 are methylene, ethylene and the like.
  • The lower alkyl for R10 or R11 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and the like.
  • The lower alkyl for R12 or R13 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and the like.
  • The groups for R12 and R13 that form alkylene in combination are methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene and the like.
  • The lower alkyl for R14 or R15 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and the like.
  • The pyrimidyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl and imidazolyl for ring A are 2-pyrimidyl, 4-pyrimidyl, 5-pyrimidyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2 pyrazinyl and 2-imidazolyl and the like.
  • The pyridyl and thienyl for ring B are 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl and the like.
  • The lower alkyl for R1a, R1b, R1c or R1d is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
  • The aralkyl for R1a, R1b, R1c or R1d is benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl or the like.
  • The lower alkyl of hydroxy lower alkyl for R1a, R1b, R1c or R1d is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
    Any two groups of R1a, R1b, R1c and R1d that are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1 or 2 are methylene, ethylene and the like.
  • Particularly, a compound of the formula <1>, wherein R1 and R2 are hydrogens, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen or lower alkoxy, R6 and R7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or acyl, R8 and R9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R10 and R11 are hydrogens, R14 and R15 are hydrogen, Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd are hydrogens, or any two are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1 group and other groups are each hydrogen, ring A is phenyl, pyrimidyl, thiazolyl or pyridyl, and ring B is phenyl or pyridyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is preferable.
  • Particularly desired is the above-mentioned compound wherein Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd are each hydrogen, ring B is phenyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound <1> of the present invention include salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, salts with organic acids such as acetic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 10-camphorsulfonic acid and the like, and the like. In addition, the compound <1> of the present invention can be converted to a quaternary ammonium salt. The compound <1> of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be hydrate (1 hydrate, 1/2 hydrate, 1/4 hydrate, 1/5 hydrate, 2 hydrate, 3/2 hydrate, 3/4 hydrate and the like) or solvate. When the compound <1> of the present invention has an asymmetric atom, at least two kinds of optical isomers are present. Such optical isomers and racemates thereof are also encompassed in the present invention.
  • Examples of preferable specific compound include the compounds described in [4], [7], [9], [10], [11] and [17] of the above-mentioned gist of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Examples of particularly preferable compound include N-[1-(4-{[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, N-[1-(4-{[(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and N-(1-{5-[{4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl}methyl]pyridin-2-yl}cyclopropyl)acetamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Among these, N-[1-(4-{[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide hydrochloride, N-[1-(4-{[(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide hydrochloride, and N-(1-{5-[{4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl}methyl]pyridin-2-yl}cyclopropyl)acetamide hydrochloride are preferable.
  • A part of the above-mentioned compounds can be produced according to the method described in WO99/19301 (hereinafter patent document 1), and specific Synthetic Examples of the compounds recited above as preferable compounds are included and can be referred to. They can also be synthesized by the following methods, but the methods are not limited thereto.
  • 1) Among the compounds of the present invention, compound <1> wherein ring B is phenyl and any of Ra-Rd is hydrogen can be produced according to the method described in patent document 1.
  • Among the compounds of the present invention, compound wherein ring B is phenyl and at least one of Ra-Rd is other than hydrogen can be produced, for example, by a method comprising replacing compound III in method A described in patent document 1 with compound <5-1> (method A-a), or a method similar to method K described in patent document 1 (method K-a).
    • (Method A-a)
  • Figure imgb0009
  • wherein compound <4> is similar to compound (II) described in patent document 1, Lv is a leaving group widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), methanesulfonyloxy, p-toluenesulfonyloxy or trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, P1 and P2 include R6 and R7 defined above, or an amino-protecting group widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as benzyloxycarbonyl group or tert-butyloxycarbonyl group, P1 and P2 optionally form an imide group (e.g., phthalimide and the like) together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, and other symbols are as defined above, provided that when R3, R4, R5, R1a, R1b, R1c and R1d each have a functional group, they may be protected as necessary.
    The condensation reaction of compound <4> and compound <5-1> can be performed in the same manner as in Method A described in patent document 1. As compound <5-1>, a commercially available product is used or can be synthesized from, for example, commercially available piperazine derivative <6-1> according to (Method A-a-1) shown in the following.
    • (Method A-a-1)
  • Figure imgb0010
  • wherein P3 is an amino-protecting group widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as tert-butyloxycarbonyl group and benzyloxycarbonyl group, Lv1 is a leaving group widely used in aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction, halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine), methanesulfonyloxy, p-toluenesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, benzenesulfophenyl, benzenesulfonyloxy, benzenesulfonyl, azido, aryloxy, alkoxy, alkylthio or amino, and other symbols are as defined above]
  • The condensation reaction of compound <6-1> and compound <7> can be performed in the same manner as in Method K described in patent document 1 or a method described in patent document 1 (Method DD), wherein compound (III) is directly obtained from compound (XLII). Deprotection can be performed by a general deprotection of amino group described in a literature, for example, Protective groups in organic synthesis, John Willey & Sons, INC. (hereinafter non-patent document 10) and the like. In addition, as compound <6-1>, a commercially available product is used or can be synthesized by, for example, protecting an amino group of a commercially available piperazine derivative with a suitable protecting group by a method described in a literature, for example, non-patent document 10 and the like.
    • (Method K-a)
  • Figure imgb0011
  • wherein P4 is a hydrogen atom or an amino-protecting group widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as tert-butyloxycarbonyl group and benzyloxycarbonyl group, and other symbols are as defined above.
  • The condensation reaction of compound <4> and compound <6-2> can be performed in the same manner as in Method K described in patent document 1 or a method in described in patent document 1 (Method DD), wherein compound (III) is directly obtained from compound (XLII). When P4 is a protecting group, deprotection is performed by the method described in non-patent document 10 etc., whereby compound <8> is obtained. Compound <8> is reacted with compound <7> under conditions similar to those described in patent document 1, Method K, whereby compound <3> is obtained. As compound <6-2>, a commercially available product is used or can be synthesized by, for example, protecting an amino group of a commercially available piperazine derivative with a suitable protecting group by a method described in a literature, for example, non-patent document 10 and the like.
  • 2) Among the compounds of the present invention, compound <1> wherein ring B is pyridyl or thienyl can be synthesized by, for example, a method similar to Method A described in patent document 1 (Method A-b).
    • (Method A-b)
  • Figure imgb0012
  • wherein ring B1 is pyridyl or thienyl, and other symbols are as defined above.
    The condensation reaction of compound <9> and compound <5-2> can be performed in the same manner as in Method A described in patent document 1. Like <5-1>, compound <5-2> may be a commercially available product, or can be synthesized from a commercially available piperazine derivative by a method similar to, for example, (Method A-a-1).
  • 3) Among the compounds of the present invention, compound <1> wherein ring B is pyridyl or thienyl, m=n=0, R12 and R13 are groups that form ethylene in combination, one of R6 and R7 is hydrogen and the other is an acetyl group, and R8 and R9 are hydrogens, namely, compound <17> can be synthesized by, for example, a method similar to Method A described in patent document 1 after synthesizing compound <16> by the following method.
    • (Method A-b-1)
  • Figure imgb0013
  • wherein W is a carboxylic acid derivative mutually easily convertible by a method basically and widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as carboxylic acid and carboxylate, P5 is a hydroxyl-protecting group widely used in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, such as tertbutyldimethylsilyl group and the like, and other symbols are as defined above.
  • Carboxylic acid derivative <10> is reduced by a method similar to Method L described in patent document 1 to give compound <11>, the hydroxyl group is protected with a suitable protecting group by the method described in, for example, non-patent document 10 and the like to give compound <12>, the cyano group is converted to a 1-aminocyclopropyl-1-yl group by the method described in J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 3965-3968, Organic Letters 2003, 5(5), 753-755 and the like to give compound <13>, the amino group is acetylated by the method described in, for example, non-patent document 10 or a method similar to Method B1 described in patent document 1 to give compound <14>, the hydroxyl-protecting group is removed by the method described in non-patent document 10 etc. to give compound <15>, and the hydroxyl group is converted to leaving group Lv by a method known in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, whereby compound <16> can be obtained. Examples of the method for converting hydroxyl group to leaving group Lv when the leaving group is a sulfonic acid ester such as methanesulfonyloxy and the like include a method including reacting alcohol <14> with alkyl or aryl chloride and the like in a nonaqueous solvent such as methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran and the like, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and the like. The reaction of compound <16> with compound <5-2> can be performed in the same manner as in Method A described in patent document 1.
  • Compounds other than compound <9> wherein m=n=0 in Y, R12 and R13 are groups that form ethylene in combination, one of R6 and R7 is hydrogen and the other is an acetyl group, and R8 and R9 are hydrogens, can be produced by combining a method similar to the above-mentioned and a known method.
  • As carboxylic acid derivative <10>, a commercially available product is used or can be synthesized from a commercially available halogenated allylcarboxylic acid derivative by, for example, the following Method A-b-1-1.
    • (Method A-b-1-1)
  • Figure imgb0014
  • wherein Hal is halogen such as chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like, and other symbols are as defined above.
  • Compound <18> is cyanated to give <19>. Examples of the cyanation agent used for the cyanation reaction include sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, copper cyanide, zinc cyanide, trimethylsilyl cyanide, p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide and the like. To promote the reaction, a combination of a metal salt such as palladium acetate and the like, and a ligand such as triphenylphosphine and the like, or a metal complex such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and the like, or a base such as N-methylpyrrolidine and the like may be used, or these may be used in combination. Examples of the solvent to be used for the cyanation reaction include lower alcohol such as methanol, ethanol and the like, acetonitrile, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like and a mixture thereof. The reaction temperature is generally 0-150°C, and a temperature lower or higher than this range can be selected as necessary. The reaction time is generally within the range of 30 min to 2 days, and a time longer or shorter than this range can be selected as necessary.
  • The present invention can provide a therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction containing the above-mentioned compound as an active ingredient. The cerebral infarction includes atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, lacunar cerebral infarction and cardioembolic cerebral infarction.
  • Moreover, the present invention can provide a therapeutic drug for diseases involving inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-8, IFN-γ etc.) relating to the brain spinal cord, which contains the above-mentioned compound as an active ingredient. Examples of the diseases involving inflammatory cytokines relating to the brain and spinal cord include infections such as encephalitis and encephalomyelitis, diseases caused by nerve inflammation of the central nervous system including autoimmune diseases and other diseases.
  • When the above-mentioned compounds are used as therapeutic drugs for cerebral infarction and the like, they are formulated as general pharmaceutical preparations. For example, the above-mentioned compound is mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (excipient, binder, disintegrant, corrigent, flavor, emulsifier, diluent, solubilizer and the like) and formulated as a resulting pharmaceutical composition or in a form suitable for oral or parenteral preparation such as tablet, pill, powder, granule, capsule, troche, syrup, liquid, emulsion, suspension, injection (liquid, suspension etc.), suppository, inhalant, percutaneous absorber, eye drop, nasal drop, eye ointment and the like.
  • When a solid preparation is produced, additives such as sucrose, lactose, cellulose sugar, D-mannitol, maltitol, dextran, starches, agar, arginates, chitins, chitosans, pectins, trangacanths, gum arabics, gelatins, collagens, casein, albumin, calcium phosphate, sorbitol, glycine, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, sodium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc and the like are used. Moreover, tablets can be processed into those having a general coating as necessary, for example, sugar-coated tablet, enteric tablet, film-coated tablet, two-layer tablet and multi-layer tablet.
  • When a semi-solid preparation is produced, animal and plant fats and oils (olive oil, corn oil, castor oil and the like), mineral oils (petrolatum, white petrolatum, solid paraffin and the like), waxes (jojoba oil, carnauba wax, beeswax and the like), partially synthesized or entirely synthesized glycerol acid esters (lauryl acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and the like) and the like are used. Examples of commercially available products thereof include Witepsol (manufactured by Dynamid Novel), Pharmasol (manufactured by NOF Corporation) and the like.
  • When a liquid preparation is produced, additives such as sodium chloride, glucose, sorbitol, glycerol, olive oil, propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol and the like can be mentioned. Particularly, when an injection is produced, aseptic aqueous solutions, for example, saline, isotonic solution and oily liquids such as sesame oil and soybean oil are used. Where necessary, moreover, suitable suspending agents such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, non-ionic surfactants, solubilizers such as benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol and the like may be used in combination.
  • Moreover, when an eye drop or a nasal drop is produced, an aqueous liquid or aqueous solution is used and, particularly, an aseptic aqueous solution for injection can be mentioned. The liquid for eye drop or nasal drop may contain various additives as appropriate, such as buffers (borate buffer, acetate buffer, carbonate buffer and the like are preferable for reducing stimulation), isotonicity agent, solubilizer, preservative, thickener, chelating agent, pH adjuster (pH is preferably adjusted to generally about 6-8.5), aromatic and the like.
  • The amount of the active ingredient in these preparations is 0.1-100 wt%, suitably 1-50 wt%, of the preparation. While the dose varies depending on the symptom, body weight, age and the like of the patients, for oral administration, it is generally about 0.1-3000 mg per day for an adult, which is preferably administered in one to several portions. Examples
  • The present invention is explained in more detail in the following by referring to Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following as long as it does not go beyond the gist thereof.
    • 1. Compound synthesis Example Example 1: N-(1-{4-[(3,5-dimethyl-4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}cyclopropyl)acetamide
  • Figure imgb0015
    • (1) Synthesis of 3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
  • Figure imgb0016
  • 2,6-Dimethylpiperazine (5.71 g) was dissolved in dioxane (150 ml), di-tert-butyl bicarbonate (3.64 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated, water (50 ml) was added to the residue, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (once with 100 ml and once with 50 ml). The extract was washed with saturated brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated to give the title compound (3.58 g).
  • 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.06(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz), 1.46(9H,s), 2.23-2.31(2H,m), 2.27-2.84(2H,m), 3.80-4.15(2H,m).
    MS:214(M++1).
    • (2) Synthesis of 3,5-dimethyl-4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
  • Figure imgb0017
  • 3,5-Dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.676 g) and 2-chloropyrimidine (716 mg) were combined, melted in an oil bath at 120°C, and stirred for 5 hr 30 min. Water (10 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred, extracted with ethyl acetate (30 ml), and washed with saturated brine. The extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH™ COLUMN size L, elution solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (333 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.25(6H,d,J=6.9 Hz), 1.51(9H,s), 2.97-3.08(2H,m), 3.95-4.16(2H,m), 4.65-4.82(2H,m), 6.51(1H,t,J=4.5 Hz), 8.34(2H,d,J=4.8 Hz).
    MS:237 (M++1 when tert-butyl group was cleaved).
    • (3) Synthesis of 2-(2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine hydrochloride
  • Figure imgb0018
  • 3,5-Dimethyl-9-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (294 mg) was dissolved in ethanol (2 ml), 4N hydrochloric acid (ethyl acetate solution, 2 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hr. The solvent was evaporated, and ethyl acetate (3 ml) was added to the obtained residue. The solid insoluble in ethyl acetate was collected by filtration and dried to give the title compound (281 mg).
    1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:1.32(6H,d,J=7.2 Hz), 3.12-3.43(4H,m), 4.80-4.98(2H,m), 6.74(1H,t,J=5.1 Hz), 8.45(2H,d,J=5.1 Hz), 9.26(1H,brs), 10.02(1H,brs).
    MS:193(M++1).
    • (4) Synthesis of N-(1-{4-[(3,5-dimethyl-4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}cyclopropyl)acetamide
  • Figure imgb0019
  • N-[1-(4-Chloromethylphenyl)cyclopropyl)acetamide (22.3 mg) and 2-(2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine hydrochloride (265 mg) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL), potassium carbonate (415 mg) was added and the mixture was stirred at 80°C for 8 hr. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred, extracted with ethyl acetate, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH™ COLUMN size 2L, elution solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (245 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.20-1.43(10H, m), 2.01(3H,s), 2.17-2.26(2H,m), 2.74(2H,d,J=11.1 Hz), 3.48 and 3.51(2H,s and s), 4.63-4.69(2H,m), 6.10(1H,s), 6.43-6.47(1H,m), 7.10-7.39(4H,m), 8.32(1H,d,J=4.8 Hz)
    MS:380(M++1)
    • Example 2: N-[1-(4-{[(3S)-3-methyl-4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide
  • Figure imgb0020
  • Using (3S)-1-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-methylpiperazine, reactions similar to those in Example 1 (2), (3) were successively performed to give (3S)-3-methyl-4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazine hydrochloride, then reactions similar to those in Example 1 (4) were successively performed to give the title compound (216 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.27-1.38(7H,d and m,J=6.3 Hz), 2.01(3H,s), 2.07-2.21(2H,m), 2.71(2H,d,J=11.1 Hz), 2.89(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz), 3.16-3.26(1H,m), 3.39(1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 3.54(1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 4.44(1H,d,J=12.9 Hz), 4.81(1H,brs), 6.69(1H,s), 6.43-6.47(1H,m), 7.09-7.34(4H,m), 8.30(1H,d,J=4.8 Hz) MS:366(M++1)
    • Example 3: N-[1-(4-{[(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide
  • Figure imgb0021
  • Using (1S,4S)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, reactions similar to those in Example 1 (2), (3) were successively performed to give (1S,4S)-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane hydrochloride, then reactions similar to those in Example 1 (4) were performed to give the title compound (201 mg).
    1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:1.09(4H,d,J=2.7 Hz), 1.75(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz), 1.88(3H,s), 1.90(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz), 2.44(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz), 2.83(1H,dd,J=2.1 Hz,9.6 Hz), 3.56(1H,d,J=18.6 Hz), 3.63(2H,s), 4.71(1H,s), 6.58(1H,t,J=5.1 Hz), 7.04(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz), 7.19(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz), 8.31(2H,d,J=4.8 Hz), 8.51(1H,s) MS:364 (M++1)
    • Example 4: N-(1-{4-[{2,5-dimethyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)}piperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}cyclopropyl)acetamide
  • Figure imgb0022
  • Using 2,5-trans-dimethylpiperazine, reactions similar to those in Example 1 (1), (2), (3) were successively performed to give 2-(2,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine hydrochloride, then reactions similar to those in Example 1 (4) were performed to give the title compound (64 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:0.91(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz), 1.12(4H,d,J=5.4 Hz), 1.18(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz), 1.84(3Hs), 2.29(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz), 2.69(1H,dd,J=4.5 Hz,12.0 Hz), 3.02(1H,m), 3.44(1H,d,J=13.5 Hz), 3.59(1H,d,J=13.4 Hz), 4.33(1H,d,J=13.5 Hz), 4.75(1H,t,J=5.1 Hz), 6.57(1H,t,J=4.5 Hz), 7.07(2H,d,J=8.1 Hz), 7.26(2H,d,J=8.1 Hz), 8.32(2H,d,J=5.1 Hz), 8.52(1H,s).
    MS:380 (M++1)
    • Example 5: N-[1-(4-{[((2R)-2-methyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl))piperazin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide
  • Figure imgb0023
    • (1) Synthesis of (3R)-4-{4-[1-(acetylamino)cyclopropyl]benzyl}-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
  • Figure imgb0024
  • Reaction and treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 (4) and using (3R)-1-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-methylpiperazine (1.00 g) instead of 2-(2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine hydrochloride were performed to give the title compound (1.119 g).
  • 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:1.03(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz), 1.10(4H,m), 1.38(9H,s), 1.83(3H,s), 2.00(1H,n), 2.36(1H,m), 2.54(1H,m), 2.89(1H,m), 3.02(1H,m), 3.15(1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 3.42-3.55(2H,m), 3.83(1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 7.05(2H,d,J=8.1 Hz), 7.17(2H,d,J=8.1 Hz), 8.52(1H,s).
    MS:388(M++1).
    • (2) Synthesis of N-[1-4-{[(2R)-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl]cyclopropyl]acetamide hydrochloride
  • Figure imgb0025
  • (3R)-4-4{4-[1-(Acetylamino)cyclopropyl]benzyl}-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.097 g) was dissolved in ethanol (2 ml), 4N hydrochloric acid (ethyl acetate solution, 2 ml) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hr. The solvent was evaporated to give the title compound (1.11 g).
  • 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:1.17(4H,m), 1.57(3H,d,5.7 Hz), 1.87(3H,s), 3.00-3.60(7H,m), 4.16(1H,d,J=12.9 Hz), 4.64(1H,d,J=12.9 Hz), 7.16(2H,d,J=7.8 Hz), 7.52(2H,d,J=7.8 Hz), 8.64(1H,s), 9.84(2H,brs), 12.33(1H,brs).
    MS:288 (M++1) .
    • (3) Synthesis of N-[1-(4-{[((2R)-2-methyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl))piperazin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide
  • Figure imgb0026
  • N-[1-4-{[(2R)-Methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl]cyclopropyl]acetamide hydrochloride (532 mg), 2-chloropyrimidine (170 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (0.75 ml) were heated in an oil bath at 100°C for 2 hr 10 min. Water (20 ml) was added, and the mixture was extracted with toluene (20 ml, twice) and ethyl acetate (30 ml, once), and the organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solvent was evaporated, and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH™ COLUMN size L, elution solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (196 mg).
    1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:1.05-1.12(7H,m), 1.84(1H,s), 2.06(1H,m), 2.43(1H.m), 2.62(1H,m), 3.05(1H,dd,J=8.7 Hz,12.9 Hz), 3.13(1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 3.20(1H,m), 3.92(1H,d,J=13.2 Hz), 4.14(1H,m), 4.19(1H,m), 6.59(1H,t,J=4.8 Hz), 7.07(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz), 7.21(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz), 8.32(2H,d,J=4.8 Hz), 8.52(1H,s).
    MS:366(M++1)
    • Example 6: N-(1-{4-[{(2,6-dimethyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl))piperazin-1-yl}methyl]phenyl}cyclopropyl)acetamide
  • Figure imgb0027
  • Using 3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.676 g) synthesized in Example 1 (1) and in the same manner as in Example 5 (1), 4-{4-[1-(acetylamino)cyclopropyl]benzyl}-3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (333 mg) was synthesized, and reactions similar to those in Example 5 (2), (3) were successively performed to give the title compound (230 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:1.01(6H,d,J=6.0 Hz), 1.09(4H,d,J=4.5 Hz), 1.83(3H,s), 2.74(2H,dd,J=10.5 Hz,12.6 Hz), 3.28(2H,d,J=12.9 Hz), 3.72(2H,s), 4.41(2H,d,J=11.4 Hz), 6.59(1H,t,J=4.5 Hz), 7.04(2H,d,J=7.8 Hz), 7.25(2H,d,J=7.8 Hz), 8.33(2H,d,J=4.5 Hz), 8.50(1H,s).
    MS:380(M++1)
    • Example 7: N-(1-{5-[{4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl}methyl]pyridin-2-yl}cyclopropyl)acetamide
  • Figure imgb0028
    • (1) Synthesis of 6-cyanonicotinic acid methyl ester
  • Figure imgb0029
  • 6-Cyanonicotinic acid (500 mg) was dissolved in dichloromethane (25 ml), water-soluble carbodiimide (776 mg), methanol (0.164 ml) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (49 mg) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hr 10 min. The reaction mixture was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate and saturated brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated, and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH™ COLUMN size 2L, elution solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound. The same reactions were repeated using 6-cyanonicotinic acid (547 mg) to give the title compound (total 951 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:4.01(3H,s), 7.81(1H,dd,J=1.2 Hz,8.1 Hz), 8.45(1H,dd,J=2.4 Hz,8.1 Hz), 9.30(1H,t,J=1.2 Hz). MS:163(M++1).
    • (2) Synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile
  • Figure imgb0030
  • 6-Cyanonicotinic acid methyl ester (701 mg) was dissolved in a mixed solvent of methanol (1 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (7 ml) and sodium borohydride (197 mg) was added under icecooling. The mixture was directly heated to room temperature and stirred overnight. Water (20 ml) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (once with 50 ml and once with 30 ml), washed with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained residue was purified with column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH™ COLUMN size 2L, elution solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (264 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.09(1H,m), 4.86(2H,d,J=5.1 Hz), 7.71(1H,d,J=8.1 Hz), 7.89(1H,dd,J=1.8 Hz,8.1 Hz), 8.70(1H,s).
    MS:135(M++1).
    • (3) Synthesis of 5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-pyridine-2-carbonitrile
  • Figure imgb0031
  • 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile (258 mg) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (8 ml), tert-butyl dimethylchlorosilane (347 mg) and imidazole (326 mg) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Water (20 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred, extracted with ethyl acetate (once with 50 ml and once with 20 ml), washed with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH™ COLUMN size 2L, elution solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (405 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.13(6H,s), 0.95(9H,s), 4.83(2H,s), 7.68(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz), 7.81(1H,dd,J=1.5 Hz,7.8 Hz), 8.66(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz).
    MS:249(M++1).
    • (4) Synthesis of 1-[5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropylamine
  • Figure imgb0032
  • 5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-pyridine-2-carbonitrile was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml), titanium tetraisopropoxide (0.62 ml) was added thereto, and a solution of ethylmagnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran (1 mol/l, 4.83 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 1 hr 30 min. To the reaction mixture was added 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (6 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (20 ml) was further added, and the mixture was stirred and filtered. The filtrate was washed with saturated brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH™ COLUMN size 2L, elution solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (192 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.10(6H,s), 0.93(9H,s), 1.13(2H,m), 1.26(2H,m), 4.72(2H,s), 7.31(2H,d,J=8.1 Hz), 7.58(2H,d,J=2.1 Hz,8.1 Hz), 8.44(1H,s).
    MS:280(M++1).
    • (5) Synthesis of 1-[5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropylacetamide
  • Figure imgb0033
  • 1-[5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropylamine (190 mg) was dissolved in pyridine (2 ml), acetic anhydride (0.13 ml) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (17 mg) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hr. Methanol (2 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for about 10 min. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH™ COLUMN size L, elution solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (158 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.09 and 0.11(6H,s), 0.92 and 0.94(9H,s), 1.24-1.32(2H,m), 1.60-1.76(2H,m), 1.99,2.07(3H,s), 4.73 and 4.76(2H,s), 6.12 and 6.24(1H,s), 7.29 and 7.44(2H,d,J=8.1 Hz), 7.56 and 7.61(2H,dd,J=1.8 Hz,8.1 Hz), 8.40 and 8.44(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz).
    MS:321 (M++1).
    • (6) Synthesis of N-{1-[5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropyl}acetamide
  • Figure imgb0034
  • 1-[5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropylacetamide (156 mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2 ml), and a solution (1 mol/l, 1.46 ml) of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran was added thereto. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 25 min. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH™ COLUMN size L, elution solvent: ethyl acetate/methanol) to give the title compound (109 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:1.07(2H,m), 1.40(2H,m), 1.90(3H,s), 4.46(2H,d,J=5.7 Hz), 5.22(1H,t,J=5.7 Hz), 7.28(2H,d,J=8.1 Hz), 7.60(2H,dd,J=2.1 Hz, 8.1 Hz), 8.33(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz), 8.62(1H,s). MS:207 (M++1).
    • (7) Synthesis of N-(1-{5-[{4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl}methyl]pyridin-2-yl}cyclopropyl)acetamide
  • Figure imgb0035
  • N-{1-[5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropyl}acetamide (100 mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml), methanesulfonyl chloride (0.045 ml) and triethylamine (0.080 ml) were added thereto and the mixture was stirred for 2 hr 50 min. Water (10 ml) was added thereto and the mixture was stirred. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 ml, twice), washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained residue was dissolved in dimethylformamide (2 ml). Potassium carbonate (134 mg) and 1-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazine (120 mg) were added, and the mixture was heated in an oil bath at 80°C for 1 hr. Water (10 ml) was added thereto and the mixture was stirred, extracted with ethyl acetate (once with 30 ml and twice with 20 ml), washed with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (Yamazen HI-FLASH™ COLUMN size L, elution solvent: ethyl acetate/methanol) to give the title compound (63.9 mg).
  • 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:1.08(2H,dd,J=4.1 Hz, 7.2 Hz), 1.42(2H,dd,J=4.1 Hz,7.2 Hz), 1.90(3H,s), 2.40(4H,t,J=4.7 Hz), 3.48(2H,s), 3.70(4H,t,H=4.7 Hz), 6.61(1H,t,J=4.6 Hz), 7.29(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz), 7.63(1H,dd,J=2.1 Hz,8.2 Hz), 8.34(3H,m), 8.63(1H,s).
    MS: 353 (M++1).
    • Example 8: N-[1-(5-{[(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl}pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]acetamide
  • Figure imgb0036
  • N-{1-[5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]cyclopropyl}acetamide (3.13 g) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (150 ml), methanesulfonyl chloride (1.76 ml) and triethylamine (4.25 ml) were added thereto and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr. Water (150 ml) was added thereto and the mixture was stirred, extracted with ethyl acetate, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated and diisopropyl ether was added to the obtained residue to give 3.76 g of a white solid. The white solid (1.16 g) and (1S,4S)-2-pyrimidin-2-yl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane hydrochloride (2.02 g) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (25 ml), potassium iodide (679 mg) and potassium carbonate (3.84 g) were added thereto and the mixture was heated in an oil bath at 80°C for 1.5 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and ethyl acetate was added thereto. The precipitated solid was filtered off and concentrated under reduced pressure and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel BW-300, elution solvent: chloroform/methanol) to give the title compound (1.05 g).
  • 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:0.95-1.14(m,2H), 1.32-1.55(m,2H), 1.70-1.82(m,1H), 1.89(3H,s), 1.89-1.94(m,1H), 2.46(1H,d,J=9.4 Hz), 2.84(1H,J=9.5,0.9,0.8H,ddd), 3.48(2H,s), 3.28-3.35(m,1H), 3.55(1H,brs), 3.60(1H,dd,J=10.3,0.9H), 3.66(Brs,2H), 4.72(1H,s), 6.59(1H,t,J=4.8 Hz), 7.25(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz), 7.61(1H,dd,J=7.9 Hz,2.1 Hz), 8.34(3H,m), 8.19-8.45(m,3H), 8.61(1H,s).
    MS:365(M++1).
    • 2. Effect on cerebral infarction model
  • Test compound A (not according to the invention) used below was produced according to the method described in patent document 1, Example 71. test compound A: N-(1-(4-((4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)cyclopropyl)acetamide·hydrochloride
    • Pharmacological Experimental Example 1: Action on intracerebral production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model
  • The middle cerebral artery of male Wistar rats (Japan Laboratory animals Inc.) was obstructed with suture (silicon-coated nylon thread), and test compound A (10 mg/kg) (not according to the invention) dissolved in saline was intravenously administered in 30 min after occlusion, and middle cerebral artery was reperfused in 60 min after administration. In only the rats used for TNF-α measurement, test compound A was administered orally. The brain was isolated at 12 hr after the occlusion (see Koizumi, J. et al., Jpn. J. Stroke, 8, 1-8, 1986). The brain tissue was homogenized, the centrifuged supernatant was collected and cytokine and chemokine were measured by ELISA. Intracerebral TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were measured using an Immunoassay Kit (BIOSOURCE) according to the manufactures' protocol. MCP-1 was measured using an MCP-1 Instant ELISA (Bener MedSystems) according to the manufactures' protocol.
  • As a result, the concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, which are intracerebral inflammatory cytokines, and MCP-1, which is chemokine, increased by transient cerebral ischemia [Fig. 1-4]. The test compound A suppressed each of the increased concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1.
    • Pharmacological Experimental Example 2: Action on brain injury volume and neurological deficit in monkey middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion model
  • In monkey middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion model, the brain injury volume was measured by MRI (FLAIR method) one day and seven days after occlusion. Test compound A (5 mg/kg) (not according to the invention) dissolved in 0.5% tragacanth was repeatedly administered orally twice a day for 14 days. As for neurological score, the neurological function was evaluated by scoring the consciousness, perception, motility and muscular commands.
  • The middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion was conducted according to the method of Furuichi et al. (Furuichi, Y et al., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 23, 1183-1194, 2003), which is specifically as follows. Macaca fascicularis fasted in advance for 12 hr or longer was anesthetized by intramuscular administration of ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg), anesthetized by intravenous administration of pentobarbital sodium (25 mg/kg) and fixed on an operating table. About 5 mm holes were made near foramen ovale and orbital fissure with a dental drill, dura mater and arachnoid mater were incised, and the middle cerebral artery trunk near the internal carotid artery bifurcation area was exposed. The middle cerebral artery trunk near the internal carotid artery bifurcation area was obstructed by electric coagulation to form cerebral infarction.
  • Test compound A was orally administered within 1 hr and 6 hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion and within 30 min after feeding in the morning and evening (twice a day) from the next day for 14 days.
  • In 7 cases for each group, 3 cases from the vehicle group and 2 cases from the test compound A group died. Excluding the death cases, the results reveal that test compound A showed a suppressive action on the spread of the cerebral infarction region both at 1 day and 7 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion [Fig. 5]. In addition, test compound A showed a neurological deficit-ameliorating effect [Fig. 6].
    • Pharmacological Experimental Example 3: Action on intracerebral cytokine production in mouse
  • LPS (lipopolysaccharide, derived from E. coli 0111:B4, Sigma, 500 µg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to male BALB/c mouse (Charles River Laboratories Japan). After 90 min after LPS administration, the blood was taken under anesthesia, and centrifuged to collect plasma. TNF-α was measured using an Immunoassay Kit (R&D Systems) and IL-10, MCP-1 and IL-6 were measured using an Immunoassay Kit (BIOSOURCE). Test compound A (not according to the invention) , the compound synthesized in Example 3 (test compound B) and the compound synthesized in Example 7 (test compound C) were dissolved in saline, and the mixture was orally administered at 10 mg/kg 30 min before LPS administration. The results are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3. As shown in the Tables, the effect of each test compound on respective intracerebral cytokines was calculated as the ratio of each cytokine concentration in the blood of the group administered with each test compound to each cytokine concentration in the blood of the group free of administration of each test compound.
  • Respective test compounds A, B and C suppressed TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 production in the above-mentioned LPS model mouse and increased IL-10.
  • Table 1
    Test compound TNF-α production (%) IL-10 production (%)
    A 43.5 397.1
    B 53.9 350.1
    C 50.6 401.4
  • Table 2
    Test compound IL-6 production (%) MCP-1 production (%)
    A 74.4 61.7
    B 78.7 63.9
  • Table 3
    Test compound IL-6 production (%) MCP-1 production (%)
    A 78.4 72.2
    C 81 72.1
    • Pharmacological Experimental Example 4: Action on cerebral infarction volume in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model
  • The middle cerebral artery of male Wistar rats (Japan Laboratory Animals Inc.) was obstructed with suture(silicon-coated nylon thread), and saline (Vehicle, n=7), test compound A (10 mg/kg, n=6) (not according to the invention) dissolved in saline, test compound B (10 mg/kg, n=7) dissolved in saline, and test compound C (10 mg/kg, n=7) dissolved in saline were each intravenously administered in 30 min after occlusion and the artery was reperfused in 90 min after occlusion. The brain was isolated 24 hr later. A 2 mm brain strip was prepared, and the strip was stained with PBS (pH 7.4, 37°C) containing 1% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The cerebral infarction area was measured by image analysis and the cerebral infarction volume was calculated.
    As a result, compound A, compound B and compound C suppressed cerebral infarction volume by 42.5%, 17.8% and 43.2%, respectively [Fig. 7].
    • Pharmacological Experimental Example 5: Evaluation of bioavailability in rat
  • Test compound A (not according to the invention) , test compound B and test compound C were each dissolved in 0.5% aqueous HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) solution in the case of oral administration, or in saline in the case of intravenous administration, and they were orally or intravenously administered to male SD(IGS) rats (Charles River Laboratories Japan) by 3 mg/kg. The concentration of unchanged drug in the plasma of each rat was measured, and bioavailability (F(%)) was calculated ( (F (%) = (AUC0-∞,p.o. /AUC0-∞,i.v.,mean) x (Dosei.v./Dosep.o.) x100). The test compound was administered by gavage using an oral gavage needle (p.o.), or administered in the tail vein (i.v.). The blood samples were collected at 15 and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr after administration in the case of oral administration, and 5 and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr after administration in the case of intravenous administration.
    The results are shown in Tables 4 (test compound A), 5 (test compound B) and 6 (test compound C). The Cmax values for i.v. in Tables 4, 5 and 6 show plasma concentration at 5 min after administration.
    Cmax by oral administration of test compound A, test compound B and test compound C was 1459.7 ng/mL, 470.8 ng/mL and 2003.0 ng/mL, respectively, and the bioavailability was 104.3%, 75.5% and 80.7%, respectively.
  • Table 4
    Compound A: Mean+SD, n=3
    Dose Cmax (ng/mL) AUC0-24h (ng h/mL) AUC0-∞ (ng h/mL) F1) (%)
    3 mg/kg p.o. 1459.7±262.7 4032.9±501.8 4008.2±491.5 104.3±12.8
    3 mg/kg i.v. 2219.9±103.82) 3850±78.4 3841.3±77.4 -
    1) F(%)=(AUC0-∞,p.o./AUC0-∞,i.v.,mean)x(Dosei.v./Dosep.o.)x100
    2) C5min
  • Table 5
    Compound B: Mean+SD, n=4
    Dose Cmax (ng/mL) AUC0-last (ng h/mL) AUC0-∞ (ng h/mL) F1) (%)
    3 mg/kg p.o. 470.8±154.4 1082.8±171.1 1105.7±170.8 75.5±11.6
    3 mg/kg i.v. 1604.6±58.32) 1449.8±123.3 1464.6±122.3 -
    1) F(%)=(AUC0-∞,p.o./AUC0-∞,i.v.,mean)x(Dosei.v./Dosep.o.)x100
    2) C5min
  • Table 6
    Compound C: Mean+SD, n=4
    Dose Cmax (ng/mL) AUC0-last (ng h/mL) AUC0-∞ (ng h/mL) F1) (%)
    3 mg/kg p.o. 2003±338.3 8192.2±3114.3 8434.3±2981.5 80.7±28.5
    3 mg/kg i.v. 4514.7±358.62) 10173.6±3012.9 10446.3±2852.3 -
    1) F(%)=(AUC0-∞,p.o./AUC0-∞,i.v.,mean)x(Dosei.v./Dosep.o.)x100
    2) C5min
    • Pharmacological Experimental Example 6: Evaluation of intracerebral transitivity in rat
  • The test compound A (not according to the invention) dissolved in 0.5% aqueous HPMC solution was orally administered at 30 mg/kg, and test compound B and test compound C dissolved in 0.5% aqueous HPMC solution were each orally administered at 3 mg/kg to SD(IGS) rats (Charles River Laboratories Japan). At 1 hr and 4 hr after the administration of the test compound, blood samples were collected, and the brain (cerebral·cerebellum) was isolated. The plasma concentration and intracerebral concentration of each test compound were measured, and the ratio (Kp value) thereof was calculated, based on which the intracerebral transitivity was evaluated.
    As a result, it was confirmed that test compound A, test compound B and test compound C were intracerebrally transferred. The Kp value of each test compound at 1 hr and 4 hr after administration was 0.5 and 0.5, respectively, for test compound A, 0.8 and 1.3, respectively, for test compound B and 0.8 and 0.9, respectively, for test compound C.
    • Industrial Applicability
  • According to the present invention, a novel therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction can be provided, which suppresses production of plural inflammatory cytokines present in the brain. Particularly, in the present invention, the brain injury volume of a monkey middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion model was noninvasively measured by MRI and detailed neurological deficit (higher brain function) was measured over time as shown in Pharmacological Experimental Example 2, based on which the effectiveness of the above-mentioned compound as a therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction was demonstrated. In general clinical situations, the pathology is measured and scored by evaluation of cerebral infarction by MRI along with incorporation of various indices. In the aforementioned anti-cytokine antibodies and inhibitors, however, measurement in a phenyltetrazolium chloride (hereinafter TTC) stain, and observation of a simple neurological score (Bederson method, paralysis) were only performed with regard to the action on cerebral infarction volume in animal experiments, and accurate clinical prediction of pathological improvement has not been provided. In contrast, a therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction, which is predicted to show a high clinical effect, has been provided in the present invention. The therapeutic drug for cerebral infarction of the present invention can also be provided as a therapeutic drug for inflammatory diseases relating to the brain and spinal cord, such as encephalitis and encephalomyelitis (encephalomyelitis and other diseases caused by nerve inflammation inclusive of infections and autoimmune diseases).

Claims (8)

  1. An agent comprising a piperazine compound represented by the formula <1>
    Figure imgb0037
     wherein
    R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, amino, amino which is mono-or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, hydroxy or cyano,
    R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, amino, amino which is mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, hydroxy or cyano,
    R6 and R7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens, aralkyl, acyl or acyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens,
    R8, R9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    Ra-Rd are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or any two of Ra-Rd are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1 or 2,
    Y is a group represented by the formula
    Figure imgb0038
     wherein
    R10 and R11 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    R12 and R13 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or R12 and R13 are groups that form alkylene in combination,
    R14 and R15 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, and
    m is an integer of 0-2, n is an integer of 0-2 and 0≤m+n≤2, ring A is phenyl, pyrimidyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl or imidazolyl, and
    ring B is pyridyl,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient for use in the treatment of cerebral infarction.
  2. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is a compound of the formula <1> wherein
    R1 and R2 are hydrogen,
    R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen or alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4,
    R6 and R7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or acyl,
    R8 and R9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    R10 and R11 are hydrogen,
    R14 and R15 are hydrogen,
    Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd are each hydrogen, or any two are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1 group and other groups are each hydrogen,
    ring A is phenyl, pyrimidyl, thiazolyl or pyridyl, and
    ring B is pyridyl,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  3. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is at least one selected from the following compounds:
    N-(1-(5-[{4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl}methyl]pyridin-2-yl}cyclopropyl)acetamide, and
    N-[1-(5-{[(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl}pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]acetamide,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  4. A piperazine compound represented by the formula <2>
    Figure imgb0039
     wherein
    R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, amino, amino which is mono-or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, hydroxy or cyano,
    R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, amino, amino which is mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, hydroxy or cyano,
    R6 and R7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens, aralkyl, acyl or acyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens,
    R8 and R9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    Ra-Rd are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or any two of Ra-Rd are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1-2,
    Y is a group represented by the formula
    Figure imgb0040
     wherein
    R10 and R11 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    R12 and R13 are groups that form alkylene in combination, R14 and R15 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    m is an integer of 0-2, n is an integer of 0-2, and 0≤m+n≤2,
    ring A is phenyl, pyrimidyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyradinyl or imidazolyl, and
    ring B1 is pyridyl,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  5. A piperazine compound represented by the formula <3>
    Figure imgb0041
     wherein
    R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, amino, amino which is mono-or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, hydroxy or cyano,
    R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, amino, amino which is mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, hydroxy or cyano,
    R6 and R7 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens, aralkyl, acyl or acyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens,
    R8 and R9 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    at least one of R1a-R1d is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or any two of R1a-R1d are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1-2, and other substituents are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    Y is a group represented by the formula
    Figure imgb0042
     wherein
    R10 and R11 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    R12 and R13 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or R12 and R13 are groups that form alkylene in combination,
    R14 and R15 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    m is an integer of 0-2, n is an integer of 0-2, and 0≤m+n≤2, and
    ring A is phenyl, pyrimidyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl or imidazolyl,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  6. The piperazine compound according to claim 4, which is represented by the formula <4>
    Figure imgb0043
     wherein
    R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, amino, amino which is mono-or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, hydroxy or cyano,
    R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, amino, amino which is mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, hydroxy or cyano,
    R6 is acyl or acyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens, and
    Ra-Rd are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or any two of Ra-Rd are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1-2,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  7. The piperazine compound according to claim 5, which is represented by the formula <5>
    Figure imgb0044
     wherein
    R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, amino, amino which is mono-or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, hydroxy or cyano,
    R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4, nitro, amino, amino which is mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 and alkanoyl having a carbon number of 1-4, hydroxy or cyano,
    R6 is acyl or acyl having a carbon number of 1-4 substituted by 1 to 3 halogens, and
    at least one of R1a-R1d is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, or any two of R1a-R1a are bonded to each other to form alkylene having a carbon number of 1-2, and other substituents are the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, aralkyl or hydroxy alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  8. The piperazine compound according to claim 5 or 7, which is selected from
    N-(1-(4-[(3,5-dimethyl-4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}cyclopropyl)acetamide,
    N-[1-(4-{[(3S)-3-methyl-4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide,
    N-[1-(4-{[(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide,
    N-(1-{4-[{2,5-dimethyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)}piperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}cyclopropyl)acetamide,
    N-[1-(4-{[((2R)-2-methyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl))piperazin-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]acetamide and
    N-(1-{4-[{(2,6-dimethyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl))piperazin-1-yl}methyl]phenyl}cyclopropyl)acetamide,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the piperazine compound according to claim 4 or 6, which is selected from
    N-(1-{5-[{4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl}methyl]pyridin-2-yl}cyclopropyl)acetamide and
    N-[1-(5-{[(1S,4S)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl}pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]acetamide,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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US8835631B2 (en) 2014-09-16
JP5366803B2 (en) 2013-12-11
EP2532658A1 (en) 2012-12-12
US20140350249A1 (en) 2014-11-27
CN101679367A (en) 2010-03-24
WO2008146753A1 (en) 2008-12-04
JPWO2008146753A1 (en) 2010-08-19
CA2687942A1 (en) 2008-12-04
BRPI0811222A2 (en) 2014-10-29
US20100179157A1 (en) 2010-07-15
AU2008255885A1 (en) 2008-12-04
US20150104483A1 (en) 2015-04-16
RU2009148049A (en) 2011-06-27
ES2405542T3 (en) 2013-05-31
EP2154135A4 (en) 2010-09-01
US20150105400A1 (en) 2015-04-16
US20140350250A1 (en) 2014-11-27
KR20100022080A (en) 2010-02-26
US9233969B2 (en) 2016-01-12
EP2154135A1 (en) 2010-02-17

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