Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
  • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
  • G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
  • G03H1/30—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique discrete holograms only
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
  • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
  • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
  • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
  • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
  • G03H1/0402—Recording geometries or arrangements
  • G03H2001/0415—Recording geometries or arrangements for recording reflection holograms
  • G03H2001/0417—Recording geometries or arrangements for recording reflection holograms for recording single beam Lippmann hologram wherein the object is illuminated by reference beam passing through the recording material
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
  • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
  • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
  • G03H1/0476—Holographic printer
  • G03H2001/0482—Interference based printer
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
  • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
  • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
  • G03H1/0493—Special holograms not otherwise provided for, e.g. conoscopic, referenceless holography
  • G03H2001/0497—Dot matrix holograms
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
  • G03H2223/00—Optical components
  • G03H2223/24—Reflector; Mirror
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
  • G03H2260/00—Recording materials or recording processes
  • G03H2260/12—Photopolymer

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an apparatus for generating a high resolution reflection hologram according to the preamble of claim 1.
• a photosensitive material for example a photosensitive film
• the master hologram used there is preferably multi-layered. Individual color components of the light decomposed by filters are replaced by the multiple ones
• an optically variable area pattern with at least one graphically designed representation of light and dark image areas can be created if partial areas of at least one of the representations have lattice structures with a line number of less than 250 lines per millimeter and contain such a profile shape the bright image areas of this representation appear achromatic in a predetermined angular range.
• the description of such a pattern generation can be found in DE 696 07 857 T2.
• EP 360 069 Bl to provide diffractive elements with partial surfaces whose colors have great luminosity.
• the partial areas contain relief structures that are used as diffraction gratings with an asymmetrical profile shape, eg. B. a sawtooth profile shape, are formed.
• the diffraction gratings reflect incident light predominantly in the first diffraction order. Therefore, the diffraction gratings change their color with changing direction of incidence of the light and changing viewing direction of an observer.
• the achievable degree of asymmetry, ie the ratio of the intensity of the light diffracted into the first diffraction order is typically 3: 1 and at most 30: 1.
• reflection holograms for security-relevant applications, for example for forgery-proof documents, access cards or the like
• This reflection hologram can be used in addition to other security features such as holograms, coats of arms, patterns or the like.
• the present invention is based on the object to provide a device of the type mentioned, which is well suited for the applications mentioned and which allows a favorable construction, a particularly good applicability and allows for the production of individual reflection holograms.
• This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1.
• Advantageous embodiments can be taken from the dependent claims.
• a device is particularly advantageously designed if it has a laser light source for generating a high-resolution reflection gram in a photosensitive layer with the aid of a structured master, which emits a beam onto a structured master of arbitrary shape, the structure of the Masters is large compared to the wavelength of the light of the laser light source, and the structure of the master is mirrored, wherein the maximum resolution of the reflection hologram to be generated depends on the distance between the photosensitive layer and the surface of the master, as well as the beam width of the beam of the laser light source and the angle between the beam reflected on the structure and the beam transmitted to the master.
• a device is advantageous if the structure of the master is produced by means of a shaping, lithographic or mechanical method known per se.
• a device is very advantageous if one or more substructures can be generated in the structure of the master, for example if the structure is in the form of a multidimensional pattern with different optical properties on a body. by a cylinder, for example, or if the structure comprises hollow-mirror-like and / or lens-like arrangements, or is arranged such that an associated partial structure is suitable for producing a multi-dimensional reflection hologram for a respective partial beam.
• a device is also advantageous if, on the structured side of the master, the surface is filled with a transparent filling layer for smoothing and if a ground glass structure is introduced at the top of the filling layer.
• the embodiment is particularly advantageous when the filling layers have different, wavelength-selective properties, are transparent or non-transparent and are applied arbitrarily in place and in size, as well as in one or more layers and can be tuned with overlying filters or absorber layers.
• a device according to the invention is particularly advantageous because with each laser light source a Refletationsho- logramm can be produced in a per se known Kunststoffkopier Kunststoff, wherein the photosensitive layer advantageously by a photopolymer film is feasible, the between the structure of the master and the laser - Light source is arranged.
• a device is of particular advantage if the reflection hologram can be generated with the aid of a multi-dimensionally movable structure and if the movable structure can be realized by a multi-dimensionally movable exposure arrangement with a beam shaping element.
• a device is constructed in a favorable manner if the reflection hologram is adjusted by means of a relative displacement.
• availability device between a photosensitive layer, such as a photopolymer film and the structure is generated.
• the reflection hologram can be generated as a variable, multidimensional code or surface pattern, if, for example, the reflection hologram is formed as a scale with a plurality of mutually parallel or angular tracks or diffraction elements of different resolution.
• a device according to the invention is also advantageously constructed if, relative to the photosensitive layer, e.g. a device can be moved in a photopolymer film or a rolling and application system can be arranged directly or indirectly, by means of which a variable pattern can be generated on the surface of the photosensitive layer, which constitutes a filter for the beam of the laser light source.
• the arranged filter can be produced in a particularly advantageous manner by printing the surface of the photopolymer film, by printing the surface of the photopolymer film with paints and / or optical filter materials.
• the filter is formed by a component whose light transmission is variable, for example by a controllable array or by an LCD element.
• a material may include an individualized perforation or a mask.
• the material may be, for example, a laser-cut, non-transparent or wavelength-selective material, for example a plastic tape, which may have exposures or UV rays. Irradiations in the region of the perforation allowed and in this area a hologram is generated, but the reactivity of the photosensitive layer in the shaded area not changed, so that at these locations a further, arbitrary generation of any hologram is possible, whereby in particular the arrangement of the inventive Device can also be made so that in each case a different side of the film is exposed.
• a laser-cut, non-transparent or wavelength-selective material for example a plastic tape, which may have exposures or UV rays.
• the laser light source can be designed as a white light (R / G / B) laser or as a monochromatic laser light source.
• Figure 1 is a highly schematic diagram of an apparatus for producing a reflection hologram
• Figure 2 is a detail of the illustration in Figure 1
• 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d each show a schematic diagram with arrangements for the interaction of differently transparent and non-transparent layers and filters
• FIG. 3 shows a detail of an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 1, but with a master with superimposed structure
• FIG. 4 shows a device with a multi-dimensionally movable structural shaping element and exposure arrangement in side view
• FIG. 5 a top view of a device with a multi-dimensionally movable structural element
• Figure 6 shows a relative to the photopolymer film movable device for generating a variable pattern and Figure 7a to 7f different surface structures.
• the schematic diagram of a device 1 for the production of a reflection logogram RH shown in highly schematic form in FIG. 1 shows a master 3, which passes through a substrate
• the structure 4 is formed on which a sawtooth-shaped structure 5 is formed by shaping, mechanical or lithographic processes.
• the structure 5 is made according to the state of the art, it being essential that its structural features are large compared to the wavelength of the light used to produce the reflection hologram RH. In this case, the structure features can be designed almost arbitrarily and are not bound to the illustrated sawtooth formation and planar arrangement, which will be explained later.
• the structure 5 is produced in a mirror-like or mirrored manner and then filled with a transparent or partially transparent layer 6, so that above the structure
• the light of one and at any desired time arbitrarily switched on and off laser light source 7 is expanded with an optical device, such as a lens 8 and there is a beam 9 with a predetermined beam width R.
• the beam 9 irradiates the master 3 and is at the mirrored structure 5 at an angle ⁇ to the incident beam 9 is reflected.
• a photopolymer film 11 is arranged, which is at a distance d from the
• Structure 5 includes a photosensitive layer 2 in which the reflection hologram RH is generated. Where the arrangement of the structure 5 to the bottom or top of the photopolymer film can be done. If this structure is illuminated with the beam 9 of the laser light source 7, then the incident beam 9 interferes with the reflected beam and in the photosensitive layer 2 a Reflekomsholo- gram is generated, which has the function of the structure 5 of the master 3. In the present case of a sawtooth-shaped structure 5, a so-called holographic mirror arises in the copy, which obviously has the property that perpendicularly incident light is deflected at an angle.
• FIG 2 a detail of the structure of the device 1 is shown enlarged.
• the master 3 carries on a substrate 4 a mirrored structure 5 in the form of a series of saw teeth.
• a transparent layer 6 here, the structure 5 is filled, so that here a smooth, flat surface is formed on the master, wherein the layer and the surface as shown in Fig. 2a, 2b sketched, can be configured.
• An incident beam 9 is reflected on the mirrored structure 5 and in the photosensitive layer
• both the incident beam 9 and the reflected beam with each other. If the resolution of the structure 5 with respect to the wavelength of the laser light used for illumination 9 is sufficiently large - that is greater than about 30 microns - the selected structure 5 is completely achromatic, ie, with each available laser light source 7, a structural function in the photosensitive film 11 are copied.
• Such a designed master is sufficiently large - that is greater than about 30 microns - the selected structure 5 is completely achromatic, ie, with each available laser light source 7, a structural function in the photosensitive film 11 are copied.
• 3 represents an almost ideal master over the hitherto used prior art holographic masters constructed either as volume holograms or as surface gratings.
• the distance d between the surface of the structure 5 and the photosensitive layer 11 may be very small, so that the resolution of the reflection hologram RH to be generated is very high. That is, the minimum size of the pixels is very small.
• the minimum width R of the illumination beam path that is to say the beam bundle 9 which corresponds to the minimum structure size, is determined by the fact that the incident beam and the beam reflected by the structure 5 must interfere in a region of the photosensitive layer 2 and there for the reconstruction build up responsible reflection grids. It can be seen that the minimum usable pixel size for the practical application of the distance d between the structure 5 and the photosensitive layer 2, as well as the angle ⁇ between the incident beam 9 and the reflected beam depends.
• FIG 2a a detail of the structure of the device 1 is shown enlarged.
• the photosensitive layer covers a transparent material 13.
• a filter 16 is applied, e.g. through a printing process. This filter acts wavelength-selective, an exposure over the entire structure is obviously only by a suitable wavelength, or in an exposure with white laser light selectively in effect of the filter.
• a partially transparent material 13 which is likewise arranged with partially integrated filters and which can be changed as desired, for example by means of an automatic transport system W not shown here, is arranged above the photosensitive layer 2.
• a non-transparent area 14 eg executed by a It can be seen that in an exposure delimited areas of different properties are present which expose the photosensitive layer 2 wavelength selective or not exposed, and by the interaction of different arrangements in different areas and levels of filters and not transparent substances, a plurality of individual exposure modes in interaction and thus a generation of reflection holograms RH in the photosensitive layer 2 are possible. Unexposed areas can be exposed at a different time.
• FIG. 2c shows a sketch with an arrangement of a filling layer, partially designed here as a filter 21 and partially as a non-transparent region 14, above the structure 5, so that a "functional layer” arises here which can also be used to code the structures
• the filler layer is a photosensitive layer 2, above a transparent material 13, such as a film with filter areas 16.2 and above a transparent material 19 with a perforation 18 and 16.1 integrated filter and superimposed filters 16th
• the arrangement sketched in FIG. 2d shows a non-transparent material 22, provided with an individual perforation / mask 18 for producing a reflection hologram at the points 18.1 via the structure 5, as well as a wavelength-selective material 22 with a perforation 18 for generating a reflection hologram RH at the points 18.1 and with a suitable laser light wavelength as well at the points below the wavelength-selective material 22.
• optically active elements 8.1 eg an embossed lens may be included.
• FIG. 3 shows a detail of an arrangement similar to that shown in FIG. 1, but with a master 23 with an overlay. siege structure 24, 24.1, which is applied to a substrate 25.
• a fill layer 6 covers the structure, so that a smooth surface terminates the master 23 in the direction of the laser light source (not shown).
• a beam 9 of this laser light source strikes the structure 24, 24.1, is reflected by it and interferes with the reflected beam in a photosensitive layer 2 above the structure 24, 24.1 in the manner described above.
• the structure 24, 24.1 deviating from the structures and arrangements 5 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is intended to symbolize that any desired structures can be used in the invention.
• the structure 24, 24.1 shown in FIG. 3 shows a superimposed sawtooth structure with planar portions which run parallel to the photosensitive layer 2 and also more or less symmetrical portions of a serrated, structured surface.
• FIG. 7 shows that other than two-dimensional structures and arrangements of the structures are possible and can bring advantages.
• FIG. 1 A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is shown in highly schematic form in FIG.
• an apparatus is illustrated in which a master 26 has been reduced to a single structural feature 27.
• the master 26 is located on a controllable device 28 which is displaceable in a plurality of coordinate directions.
• the device 28 has a lighting device in the form of a laser light source 29, which is opposite to the structural shaping element 27 and is displaceable together with it.
• a photopolymer film 30 Between the laser light source 29 and the structural element 27 of the master 26 there is a photopolymer film 30 in which the reflection hologram is to be produced.
• the device 28 with the laser light source 29 and the master 26 relative to the photopolymer Film 30 is displaced, it is irrelevant whether the device 28 - as described above - or the photopolymer film 30 is moved.
• the decisive factor is that the reflection hologram to be generated is in principle reconstructed in the manner already described, equivalent to the contact-printing method already mentioned, but now by "writing" the photopolymer film 30 with the help of the relative movements between the photopolymer film 30 and the device 28.
• the relative movements between the photopolymer film 30 and the device 28 can be coordinated by a numerical controller, not shown, in which data for generating an arbitrary pattern for processing is stored
• An exposure mask in the form of an LCD element 31 or an array 32 may also be arranged in the device 20.
• Such arrays 32 or LCD elements 31 are advantageous because they are arbitrarily controllable, so it can also be generated with such elements any pattern. Particularly low can be realized by only one structural feature smallest dimensions of a master to selectively expose in the dimensions smallest photosensitive areas.
• FIG. 4 a shows an arrangement according to FIG. 4 with several
• Devices in the following series wherein the respective position is freely selectable by an adjusting device, not shown, and these may each contain different structural elements 27, 27.1, 27.2, 27.3 in a particularly advantageous manner and respectively different laser light sources with eg white light or light in R, G, B. 29, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3.
• laser light sources with eg white light or light in R, G, B. 29, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3.
• FIG. 4b shows an arrangement according to FIGS. 4 and 4a with a laser light source and a further light source, e.g. a UV light source 33.
• the UV light source in a photopolymer can destroy the reactivity of the film and no further generation of a reflection hologram can occur at such an exposed location.
• the combination of a device with exposure to produce a reflection hologram is particularly advantageous when special patterns are to be generated.
• FIG. 5 a top view of a subassembly similar to that of FIG. 4 is shown in highly schematic form. It can be seen that structures and thus reflection holograms can also be generated with such a device, which can serve as material measures, even with different resolutions. Such material measures are applicable in measurement technology as incremental or coded material measures, so that both incremental and absolute measurements are possible with such material measures produced.
• equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals as in the arrangement according to FIG. 4, only a control device shown here has been added with the reference numeral 35. The unspecified arrows illustrate the relative movements between the components.
• the exposure unit is composed of a laser light source 29 and a beam shaping element as well as optics, such as a cylindrical lens 37, above the photopolymer film 30.
• a structure according to the invention available below the photopolymer film 30, not shown is represents - a structure according to the invention available.
• a printing device 36 which extends across the surface of the photopolymer film in the transverse direction.
• the printing device 36 can be controlled by a control device 35 such that optically active elements such as paints and / or other optical filter materials can be applied to the surface of the photopolymer film 30 in a liquid manner. In this way, any mask can be produced, by means of the illumination unit and the structure of the desired reflection hologram is generated, and according to the arrangements acc. of the figures 4.
• FIG. 7 a shows a structure 38 which has plane deflection surfaces 39.
• FIG. 7b shows a structure 40 with spherical or hollow-mirror-like reflection surfaces 41 which bring about a conical deflection of the incident rays.
• Structures 42 with mixed shapes of deflecting surfaces 43 are also applicable.
• FIGS. 7d, 7f and greatly simplified in FIG. 7g, it is clarified that a light beam incident on the structure 44 from a certain direction is deflected in the desired direction and that the shape, arrangement and type of the structure are different spatial training can take place.
• LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Holo Graphy (AREA)
• Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-05-11 DE DE102007022109A patent/DE102007022109A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-05-13 CN CN200880024721.9A patent/CN101809510B/zh active Active
  • 2008-05-13 EP EP08758038A patent/EP2153286A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-05-13 US US12/599,620 patent/US8405893B2/en active Active
  • 2008-05-13 DE DE112008001918T patent/DE112008001918A5/de not_active Ceased
  • 2008-05-13 WO PCT/DE2008/000780 patent/WO2008138309A2/de active Application Filing

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