EP2135271B1 - Magnetic switching device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a magnetic switching device having a first switching device, which is provided with a movable magnet connected to a contact bridge, and with a second switching device, which is provided with a magnet which is connected to a movable switching member. The invention also relates to a magnetic switching device for establishing an electrical connection between a first movable or stationary element and a second movable or stationary element, in particular a vehicle door and a vehicle frame.

In particular, in vehicle construction, it is necessary, a certain switching state between the vehicle or the vehicle frame and a moving part of the vehicle, such. As a door, a tailgate, a trunk lid or a hood, set. In this case, switching operations are reliably performed or status signal displays are displayed reliably. So z. B. when opening a door, a tailgate or a trunk lid lighting can be turned on, which reliably expires after closing the door, the tailgate or the boot lid. Similarly, a state signal is to be generated in the manner of a sensor indicating the position of the movable part to the vehicle, such as. As the display of an open door on the dashboard of the driver.

The known electrical switching and status indicator devices often consist of a microswitch, which responds to the opening and closing of the movable part and at the same time establishes or interrupts an electrical connection. In a function as a status indicator, the device z. B. an open door. The documents " DE 3 409 286 A1 " and " US 5 887 446 A "each discloses a magnetic switching device according to the preambles of the corresponding claims 1 and 11.

However, a disadvantage of a flawless function of the known switching devices is that the moving parts are usually connected elastically via seals to the vehicle. This means that in the driving state, relative movements between the moving part and the vehicle and also vibrations can occur. If these relative movements or vibrations are very strong, it may happen that the switching or status indicator responds despite closed position and indicates an alleged change of state, such as a flickering of the interior lighting or the display of an alleged open door. This danger is especially true of sliding doors of vehicles in which two different movements occur, namely in a first step, a sliding operation and then while the door is still swung in the rear area, a Einschwenkvorgang, wherein the last Einschwenkvorgang still a slight sliding movement of the door in Vehicle longitudinal direction takes place. Only then should then address the switching device.

If, due to vibrations or tolerances in driving too large a game within the range of the last sliding operation, which may be a few millimeters, occurs, for. B. the switching device erroneously respond.

The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device of the type mentioned, with the From a certain switching state of a reliable switching operation is performed, but also in the presence of vibration or relative movements between individual elements of the desired switching state, for. As an electrical connection or a display remains.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in a first implementation by the features mentioned in claim 1.

According to the assignment of the switching device parts and their contacting is selected so that different switch-on and switch-off points are such that after producing a first magnetic switching state of the second switching state, for. B. opening or moving away from each other of the switching device parts, only at a later time occurs or that the two switching device parts separate again only after major shifts from each other. There is practically a kind of hysteresis between the switch-on point and the switch-off point.

In other words, the first switching state is largely accurate and defined by a corresponding movement of the movable switching element in a certain position, while the second switching state adjusts only after a desired preset movement of the two switching devices relative to each other.

By this configuration, it is z. Example, possible, an electrical contact or a display state in relative movements or vibrations between the elements whose condition is to be controlled, such. B. between a door and a vehicle frame, longer, so that it is not too unintentional Switching states occurs, as is the case in the prior art.

The type of contact is arbitrary and depends on the particular application. So z. B. the first exact switching state by opening contacts due to removal of the contact bridge, which establishes the contact connection of a contact member and a second switching state, in this case closing the contacts, only after overcoming a predetermined game done. Of course, here is the reverse circuit with a precise closing of the contacts and a "delayed" opening of the contacts possible.

For game setting can be inventively adjust the distance of the movable connected to the contact bridge magnet to the partition plate. This can be z. B. by changing the position of the magnet or each other and / or the position of the partition plate.

Another advantage of the invention over the prior art is that you can arrange the magnetic switching device with the two switching devices together in a housing from which then only the switching element protrudes.

By this configuration, a pre-assembly can be carried out for the entire switching device, in which case it is finally only necessary to assign the switching element to a driving member that actuates this.

According to the invention, the switching element z. B. be designed as a switch plunger.

The shape of the separator plate of ferromagnetic or magnetic material, for. B. a soft iron plate, can be arbitrary and depends on the particular application switching point. It is only essential that it is smaller than the mutually facing end faces of the magnets.

In this configuration and the shape of the partition plate in relation to the magnets based the core of the invention. If the partition plate were equal to or larger than the facing end faces of the magnets, the repulsion forces could not act due to the same polarity. For this purpose, the partition plate must be at least slightly smaller, so that the magnetic field lines can act accordingly against the respective other magnet on the partition plate over.

Size and shape of the partition depends on the particular application. So z. B. in magnets with circular faces and a circular or a rectangular partition plate in a central arrangement with equal sides on both sides free circle segments for the passage of the magnetic field lines give a symmetrical repulsion. In an asymmetrical arrangement of the partition plate with respect to the end surfaces can according to asymmetrical repulsive forces, such. B. tilting forces can be realized.

Instead of a linear movement of the magnets or against each other, other directions of movement of the magnets can be achieved.

If it is provided in an alternative embodiment of the invention that the first switching device is arranged with the magnet on a pivot lever, can be correspondingly one or both magnets on a curved or circular path against each other pivot. In this case, one will arrange the contact bridge on the pivot lever, wherein the magnet, which is arranged on the pivot lever, describes a circular path.

In an arrangement of the switching device according to the invention in a vehicle will generally attach the two switching devices in a common housing in a fixed vehicle part, for. As the body, is installed, wherein a driving member or an actuator, in the movable vehicle part, for. As a door, is arranged, the movable switching element, z. B. a switch plunger, operated accordingly.

In a further inventive solution according to claim 11 instead of the use of magnetic repulsion forces magnetic attraction forces are used.

Also in this embodiment, the first switching state takes place at a relatively precisely predetermined switching point, while the second switching state is carried out with a separation of the two attracting magnets only after a predetermined game.

A very advantageous structural design may consist in this solution that one of the two switching device parts is provided with a movable magnetic carriage having the at least one magnet or the magnetic contact part.

Characterized in that one of the two switching device parts is provided with a movable magnetic carriage for producing an electrical connection, it is possible due to the mobility of the magnetic slide, the electrical contact in relative movements or vibrations between the two elements, for Example between a door and a vehicle frame, as desired to keep a little longer, because the magnet carriage in the vehicle frame within its range of motion can follow the moving part, for example the vehicle door, accordingly, before the contact is interrupted.

Of course, however, the reverse arrangement of the two switching device parts is possible, d. H. in that the switching device part with the magnetic carriage is arranged in the movable part, for example the door.

So that exact and always consistent switching points are given, it can be provided that the magnetic carriage rests against a retaining magnet or a magnetic retaining member in the non-contact resting state.

In the further inventive solution, the structural design must consist in that the switch housing is provided with at least one stop which represents a Wegbegrenzung for the magnetic carriage, wherein the position of the stop is selected so that a contact with the other switching device part after a distance X , which corresponds to a distance between the movable magnet slide and the retaining magnet or magnetic retaining member takes place, wherein after the distance X, there is still a distance Y between the magnet carriage and the stop, within which the contact between the two switching device parts is maintained.

With a corresponding configuration and position of the switching device part with the magnetic carriage inside the switching housing can be added as the maximum path for the magnet carriage and thus for obtaining the interconnection of the distance X and the distance Y as a total path.

For tolerance compensation and possibly also for adaptation to different vehicle types, it is advantageous if the distances X and Y are adjustable.

For adjustability, a wide variety of design measures are possible, such as, for example, for the distance X different thickness retaining magnets or magnetic retaining members or for the distance Y, an adjustability of the at least one stop. In the same way, the wall thickness or the thickness of the magnetic carriage in the direction of movement can be changed accordingly.

In order to produce an electrical connection or a switching state signal between the two elements, it can be provided that a switching device part has at least two contact elements arranged at a distance from each other, wherein the other switching device part is provided with a contact bridge which short-circuits the at least two contact elements when contacting the two switching device parts ,

Alternatively, however, it may of course also be provided that a switching device part has at least two contact elements which, upon contact with the other switching device part, contact at least two mating contact elements.

Embodiments of the invention are described in principle with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einem geschlossenen Schaltungszustand;

Fig. 2

die Schaltvorrichtung nach der Fig. 1 im offenen Schaltungszustand;

Fig. 3

eine vergrößerte Darstellung in einem Schnitt nach der Linie III-III der Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 und Fig. 5

das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2 mit umgekehrten Schaltungszuständen;

Fig. 6

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht mit einem Schwenkhebel bei geöffnetem Schließkontakt;

Fig. 7

das Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Fig. 6 mit geschlossenem Schließkontakt;

Fig. 8

eine Prinzipdarstellung verschiedener Auslösebewegungen;

Fig. 9

ein Hysterese-Diagramm;

Fig. 10

eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, wobei ein bewegliches Element einem feststehenden Element angenähert wird;

Fig. 11

die elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung nach der Fig. 10 mit den beiden Schalteinrichtungsteilen in geschlossenem Zustand;

Fig. 12

die elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung nach den Figuren 10 und 11 in dem Zustand, in welchem sich das bewegliche Element wieder von dem feststehenden Element entfernt; und

Fig. 13

eine Ansicht eines Schalteinrichtungsteils mit einem Magnetschlitten aus Pfeilrichtung A in der Fig. 10.

It shows:

Fig. 1

a side view of the device according to the invention in a closed circuit state;

Fig. 2

the switching device after the Fig. 1 in open circuit state;

Fig. 3

an enlarged view in a section along the line III-III of Fig. 1 ;

4 and FIG. 5

the embodiment of the Figures 1 and 2 with reverse circuit states;

Fig. 6

a further embodiment of the device according to the invention in side view with a pivot lever with open contact closure;

Fig. 7

the embodiment of the Fig. 6 with closed contact closure;

Fig. 8

a schematic representation of various triggering movements;

Fig. 9

a hysteresis diagram;

Fig. 10

a side view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention, wherein a movable member is approximated to a stationary element;

Fig. 11

the electrical connection device according to the Fig. 10 with the two switching device parts in the closed state;

Fig. 12

the electrical connection device according to the FIGS. 10 and 11 in the state in which the movable member moves away from the fixed member again; and

Fig. 13

a view of a switching device part with a magnetic carriage from the direction of arrow A in the Fig. 10 ,

The device according to the invention is described with reference to an example of a vehicle, wherein as a fixed element a part of the vehicle or of the vehicle frame 1 and a movable element is intended to represent a door, for example a sliding door 2, of the vehicle. Of course, however, the device according to the invention is also suitable for other elements in which relative movements or vibrations between a first element and a second element occur or large tolerances may be present. Likewise, if appropriate, both elements can also be movable relative to one another.

Further fields of application are, for example, machines, apparatus and devices which are subjected to strong vibrations or which are likewise arranged in mobile installations, machines and the like. Instead of producing an electrical connection or a specific switching state, the device according to the invention can also be used, if required, for mechanical circuits. Thus, inter alia, mechanical interlocks, z. B. of doors or luggage locks, made.

The magnetic switching device according to the invention for producing an electrical state or driving a display has a first switching device 3, which has a contact bridge 4 and a displaceable magnet 5. The contact bridge 4 is arranged on an enclosure, which is not magnetic and not electrically conductive, on the side of the magnet 5 facing away from a second switching device 6. The second switching device 6 is also provided with a magnet 7. The magnet 7 with its likewise non-magnetic enclosure is provided with a movable switching element in the form of a switching plunger 8. Between the two magnets 5 and 7, whose polarity is arranged so that on the mutually facing end faces 5a and 7a the same polarity, in this case a south pole, is provided, a partition plate 9 is positioned from ferromagnetic material.

The two magnets 5 and 7 have circular end faces 5a and 7a. The partition plate 9 is formed as a rectangle, wherein the shorter side is narrower than in each case the diameter of the end faces 5a and 7a of the magnets 5 and 7. From the Fig. 3 it can be seen that in this way two symmetrical circular surface portions of the end surfaces 5a and 7a are not covered in each case.

The two switching devices 3 and 6 and the partition plate 9 are arranged together in a housing 10. The switching plunger 8 protrudes with its free end from an end opening of the housing 10. On the opposite side of the housing 10, a contact member 11 is arranged, which is provided with connection contacts 12 and 13 and an insulating part 14 located therebetween, for. B. plastic, is provided. From the terminal contacts 12 and 13 branch off in a manner not shown contact lines 15 and 16 from. The contact bridge 4 is arranged on the side facing away from the end face 5 a. If the linearly movable magnet 5 is in its retracted position away from the other magnet 7, then it is in accordance with FIG Fig. 1 the contact bridge 4 on the contact member 11, wherein the insulating member 14 bridged and in this way an electrical contact to the terminal contacts 12 and 13 is made. This means that in this state, referred to as the first circuit state, there is an electrical connection between the lines 15 and 16. In this way, an electrical connection to a consumer, for. B. a lighting device, or generates an electrical control pulse.

The installation of the contact bridge 4 on the contact member 11 has been achieved due to the positioning of the magnet 7 with a direct contact with the partition plate 9 due to the magnetic repulsion forces. The installation of the magnet 7 on the partition plate 9 is achieved by an actuator which shifts the switch plunger 8 linearly in the direction of arrow A, respectively. The actuator may be a simple driving member in the form of a switching pin 17 (dashed line in FIG Fig. 1 ), which is arranged in the embodiment in the door 2. The switching pin 17 is actuated by its linear movement of the switch plunger 8. When moving in the direction of arrow (in the embodiment to the left) the magnet 7 comes to the partition plate 9 to the plant, wherein at the same time approaching the magnet 5 due to the same polarity to each other facing end surfaces is repelled by the magnetic force and thus comes with its contact bridge 4 on the contact member 11 to the plant. This switching state is very defined and achieved exactly upon actuation of the switching pin 17.

The Indian Fig. 1 shown switching state should be maintained safely, even if it comes due to tolerances, vibrations or other movements to shifts in or on the vehicle or in or on the door 2. If shifts or short-term solutions of the magnet 7 from the partition plate 9 result due to these movements, the magnet remains 5 still on investment with its contact bridge 4 on the contact member 11th

Only when the magnet 7 is specifically moved back in the drawing to the right, which can be done by a spring, not shown, or by the actuator 17 (dashed line) or another return member, and the magnetic repulsion forces are weaker than the holding forces of the magnet. 5 on the contact member 11, the magnet 5 is again attracted to the ferromagnetic separation plate 9, whereby the contact connection between the lines 15 and 16 is interrupted. In this way, an open position of the contact connection is achieved as the second switching state.

However, this second switching state is not reached immediately after detachment of the magnet 7 of the partition plate 9, but only after a movement play, which in cooperation between the position of the ferromagnetic partition plate 9, the contact member 11, the two magnets 5 and 7 and its magnetic forces chosen is that it is ensured that no unintentional switching states, eg. B. occurring vibrations occur.

Instead of a switching pin 17 may be provided as an actuating member and a shift fork 18 which is guided in a circumferential recess 19 of the switching plunger 8 and acts in this way as a driving member. If the shift fork 18, which is also located in the part 2, which may be a door, a tailgate or a similar movable part, arranged or connected (dashed lines), moved in the direction of arrow A, the switch plunger 8 is also moved.

It can be provided that the width of the shift fork 18 is smaller than the recess 19 in the longitudinal direction or in the direction of movement. In this way, a game remains a (see Fig. 1 ). Through the game a can be set a backlash between the two oppositely directed linear movements of the switch plunger. 8

The arrangement of the entire switching device in a common housing 10 in addition to a simplified assembly also has the further advantage that the parts of the switching device are largely protected from environmental influences, since they are located inside a housing. Only the switching element, z. B. in the form of a switch plunger protrudes from the housing 10. In a design of the switching plunger 8 with a circular cross section can be achieved here a very simple seal.

In the FIGS. 4 and 5 is basically the same design of a switching device as in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown. Different are only the switching states. For this reason, the same reference numerals have been retained for the same parts. Structurally, the only difference is that instead of an arrangement of the contact bridge 4 on the enclosure 21 directly behind the magnet 5, a contact bridge 4 'is arranged by an extension member 20 on the enclosure 21 at a distance from the back of the magnet 5. The terminal contacts 12 and 13 of the contact member 11 are arranged on the side remote from the magnet 5 side, while in the embodiment according to the Figures 1 and 2 are mounted on the magnet 5 side facing.

According to Fig. 4 is the magnet 7 to the partition plate 9, which is why the magnet 5 is in the retracted state, whereby in the first switching state, no electrical connection between the lines 15 and 16 is present. This condition is reached very precisely. The second switching state, as in the Fig. 5 is shown, but not already achieved due to vibrations or similar minor displacements, but only after a preselected game with a corresponding movement of the switch plunger 8 away from the partition plate 9. This movement direction, by the displacement of the switch plunger 8 (in the drawing right) is achieved, z. B. done by a plunger movement when opening the door 2 or a tailgate. By doing the current flow between the lines 15 and 16 can then z. B. a lighting can be activated.

In the FIGS. 6 and 7 an embodiment is shown, wherein the switching device 3 are arranged with the magnet 5 on a pivot lever 22. The pivot lever 22 has a bearing axis 23 about which it is pivotable, wherein when pivoting the switching device 3 with the magnet 5 also performs a pivoting movement. The pivot radius is dependent on the distance of the switching device 3 from the pivot axis 23. Also in this embodiment, the entire switching device may be arranged in a common housing 10. When presented in the Fig. 6 there is no connection to the lines 15 and 16, because the magnet 5 is applied to the partition plate 9. As can be seen, the switching plunger 8, at the front end of the switching device 6 is arranged with the magnet 7, by a switching pin 24 in the direction of arrow A movable, which is received and guided in a recess 25 of the switch plunger 8.

The Fig. 7 shows the positions of the switching devices 3 and 6, in which a current flow through the lines 15 and 16 is given. As can be seen, is thereby the switching plunger 8 in its forward position to rest on the partition plate 9. Due to the magnetic repulsion forces therefore the magnet 5 of Switching device 3 is pressed in the approach of the magnet 7 to the partition plate 9 on a circular arc B away from the partition plate 9, whereby the arranged on the side facing away from the switching device 6 side of the pivot lever 22 contact bridge 11 establishes an electrical connection between the lines 15 and 16.

Depending on the desired switching states, however, the contact bridge 11 can also be arranged on the side of the pivot lever 22, which faces the switching device 6.

The embodiment with the pivot lever 22 has the advantage that due to the distance of the contact bridge 11 of the pivot axis 23 by the leverage of the pivot lever 22, a very good contact closure of the contact bridge 11 is generated with the lines 15 and 16.

In the embodiment of the FIGS. 6 and 7 is the closing contact on the contact bridge 11 shown only symbolically, of course, other embodiments are possible here, such. B. Twists by 90 °, a movement of a flag through cams and the like.

Like from the FIGS. 6 and 7 it can be seen that there is also a backlash a.

It is only essential that 3 and 6 switching states of any kind can be produced by the inventive use of magnetic repulsion forces in conjunction with the switching devices, depending on the positioning of the magnets 5 and 7 an exact switching position for a switching state and a reverse position for another switching state This is achieved only after a preselected game.

The Fig. 8 shows in a basic representation that the various triggering movements of acting as a switching magnet 5 of the first switching device 3 by different driving directions of acting as an actuating magnet magnet 7 of the second switching device 6 are possible.

As shown by the arrows, z. B. in each axis radial and transverse directions of movement possible. The basic principle is always the same. By approaching the magnet 7 to the partition plate 9 - regardless of which direction - the magnet 5 is moved away by the magnetic repulsion forces of the partition plate 9, which also depending on the type of storage of the magnet 5 with the switching plunger 8, the most different directions of movement are possible.

The Fig. 9 shows a hysteresis diagram with respect to the different switch-on and switch-off of the switching device according to the invention. On the abscissa of the diagram, the paths of the switching devices 3 and 6 are indicated as units, such. B. mm-way. On the ordinate the switching state is shown.

As an example, the path of the magnet 7 of the switching device 6, starting from point 31 through point 27 to the switching point 28 is shown. As can be seen, the circuit is initiated by a repulsion of the magnet 5 from the partition plate 9 only after a certain, previously set or set path length from point 27. The feed path of the magnet 7 to the partition plate 9 is indicated in the diagram with "26" between the points 31 and 27.

A "return path", denoted by the reference "29" between the switching point 28 and the switching point 30, is the path in FIG which despite movement of the magnet 7, z. B. due to vibration, no circuit is generated. Only at the switching point 30 is a circuit which represents an elimination in the present case.

Of course, however, reverse switching points are possible, wherein on the way from point 31 via point 27 to the switching point 28, a switch-off and then at the switching point 30, an activation or activation of the switching device takes place.

In the embodiment of the FIGS. 10 to 13 are shown in the form of a kinematic reversal magnetic attraction forces for the desired different running circuit states.

According to Fig. 10 is in the door 2, a first switching device part 33 is arranged, which together with a second switching device part 34 is a switching device 35, through which an electrical connection between the vehicle frame 1 and the door 2 can be produced or in which by the connection of the electrical lines an opening state or a certain circuit state is displayed or monitored.

The switching device part 33 has one or more magnets 36, which are arranged in a plastic housing 37. On the plastic housing 37, one or more contact elements 38 are arranged, which are connected to electrical leads 39 and 40.

The switching device part 34 also has one or more magnets 41, which are also arranged in a plastic housing 42. In contrast to that arranged in the plastic housing 37 Magnets 36 of the switching device part 33 form the plastic housing 42 and the magnets 41, which are formed opposite to the magnets 36, a so-called magnetic carriage 43. The magnet carriage 43 is in the axial direction or in the direction of the approaching movable element 2, namely the door slidably disposed in a non-magnetic switch housing 44.

On the side facing away from the door 2 is located in the switch housing as a magnetic retaining member, a soft iron plate 45. On the door 2 side facing the switch housing 44 is provided with one or more stops 46, on which a magnetic carriage 43 arranged on the stop member 47 at fully extended magnetic carriage 43 comes to rest (see Fig. 12 ). The stopper member 47 may be, for example, a plate protruding over the circumference of the magnetic carriage 43, which is disposed on the rear side of the magnetic carriage 43 or forms a part of the back side of the magnetic carriage 43 with corresponding protruding parts.

The one or more stops 46 on the switch housing 44 may be, for example, one or more inwardly drawn recesses, cams or strips, where the stop member 47 comes to rest.

The magnet slide 43 is provided with one or more contact bridges 48 which, when the two switching device parts 33 and 34 are contacted for a switched state, establish a short-circuit connection between the two connecting lines 39 and 40 via the contact elements 38.

Of course, a contact bridge 48 for making an electrical connection is not essential. For a power or signal connection between the vehicle frame 1 and the door 2 can also be provided corresponding mating contacts to the terminating in the contact parts 38 connecting lines 39 and 40, then on the forwarding via electrical connection lines 39 ', 40' in the vehicle frame or vice versa can take place (see dashed line in FIG Fig. 13 ).

From the Figures 11 and 12 It can be seen how the electrical switching connection works, in particular in which way different switching on and off positions are achieved.

As soon as the first switching device part 33 approaches the second switching device part 34 by closing the door 2 and the attraction force of the magnets 36 and 41 acts, the magnet carriage 43 separates from the soft iron plate 45 and the contact part with the contacts 38 contacts the contact bridge 48 For example, the magnetic forces must be selected so that the magnetic attraction force between the magnets 36 and 41 is greater than the magnetic retention force by the soft iron plate 45.

Like from the Fig. 11 can be seen, an electrical contact between the contact portion 38 and the contact bridge 48 takes place after a distance or distance X, which corresponds to a distance between the movable magnetic carriage 43 and the soft iron plate 45 as a retaining member. At the same time, however, there is still a distance y between the stop member 47 and the stop 46.

Only when the distance Y is zero and the door 2 is opened further, the magnetic carriage 43 is retained by the stop member 47 on the stop 46 and thus can the switching device part 33 no longer follow, which is indeed arranged on the door opening 2 (see Fig. 12 ). This means that an actual opening of the door 2 results in a separation of the electrical connection.

However, according to Fig. 11 the electrical connection after the path X has occurred and the electrical connection also remains within the range of movement of the magnetic carriage 43 within the distance Y, this means that relative movements between the vehicle frame 1 and the door 2 can occur in this order of magnitude. These relative movements are present because between the door 2 and the vehicle frame 1, one or more elastic seals 39 (see Fig. 11 ) are located. However, since the magnetic carriage 43 can still move back, wherein the distance X is reduced when the door 2 approaches the vehicle frame 1 even closer, remains in this case, an electrical connection, because the magnetic attraction forces of the magnets 36 and 41 are larger The only prerequisite for this is that the position of the switching device part 33 is selected with the contact part 38 so that a distance to the front end of the switching housing 44 remains, which should thus correspond to a maximum of the distance X.

In this way, relative movements in an overall order of magnitude X + Y between the vehicle frame 1 and the door 2 may occur before there is an interruption of the electrical connection.

The path X can be changed by different thicknesses of soft iron plates 45, which are replaced as needed. In the Fig. 12 this is shown in dashed lines. The same applies to the path Y, which can also be changed by an adjustment or by different thicknesses of the stop 46 (shown in phantom) or by different positioning of the stop member 47, as shown in the Fig. 10 is indicated.

Claims (16)

1. A magnetic switching apparatus having a first switching device (3), which is provided with a movable magnet (5) connected to a contact bridge (4), and having a second switching device (6), which is provided with a magnet (7) which is connected to a movable switching element (8), wherein the magnets (5, 7) have the same polarity on the end faces (5a, 7a) facing one another, and wherein a separating plate (9) made of ferromagnetic material, which is smaller than the end faces (5a, 7a), facing one another, of the magnets (5, 7), is positioned between the magnets,
   characterized in that
   the switching element (8) is embodied as a switching tappet,
   and in that
   the switching tappet (8) is provided with a driver element (19), on which an activation element (18) engages with play (a).
2. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
   characterized in that
   at least the distance between the movable magnet (5), connected to the contact bridge (11), and the separating plate (9) can be adjusted.
3. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   the switching devices (3, 6) are arranged in a housing (10) from which the switching element (8) projects.
4. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in claim 3,
   characterized in that
   the switching element (8) projects from the housing (10) on the side facing away from the first switching device (3) with its magnet (5).
5. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that
   the contact bridge (4) is arranged on the side facing away from the second switching device (6) and can be connected to a contact element (11), which is provided with connecting contacts (12, 13).
6. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that
   the two end faces (5a, 7a), facing one another, of the magnets (5, 7) are at least approximately circular, square or rectangular, in shape.
7. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in claim 6,
   characterized in that
   the separating plate (9) is of circular, square or rectangular design, wherein the diameter or at least one side is narrower than the diameter or at least one side of the end faces (5a, 7a) of the magnets (5, 7).
8. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that
   the first switching device (3) with the magnet (5) is arranged on a pivoting lever (22).
9. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in claim 8,
   characterized in that
   the contact bridge (4') is arranged on the pivoting lever (22).
10. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the two switching devices (3, 6) are used in a vehicle, wherein the movable switching element (8) can be activated by means of an activation element (17, 18) in a movable vehicle component, a tailgate or an engine hood.
11. A magnetic switching apparatus for producing an electrical connection between a first movable or fixed element (2) and a second movable or fixed element (1), in particular a vehicle door and a vehicle frame, having a switching device (35), which has a first switching device component (33) arranged on the first fixed or movable element (2) and a second switching device component (34) arranged on the second movable or fixed element (1), wherein the two switching device components (33, 34) are each provided with at least one magnet (36, 41) or one magnetic contact component,
    characterized in that
    one of the two switching device components (33, 34) is movably arranged in a switching housing (44) in such a way that when contact is made between the two switching device components (33, 34) different switching-on and switching-off points are produced,
    wherein one of the two switching device components (33, 34) is provided with a movable magnet carriage (43) which has the at least one magnet (36, 41) or the magnetic contact component,
    wherein the switching housing (44) is provided with at least one stop (46) which constitutes a travel limitation for the magnet carriage (43), wherein the position of the stop (46) is selected such that contact takes place with the other switching device component (33) after a distance X which corresponds to the distance between the movable magnet carriage (43) and the restraining magnet or magnetic restraining element (45), wherein after the travel X there is still a distance Y between the magnet carriage (43) and the stop (46), within which distance Y contact is maintained between the two switching device components (33, 34).
12. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in claim 11,
    c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n t h a t ,
    in the contactless state of rest the magnet carriage (43) bears against a restraining magnet or a magnetic restraining element (45).
13. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in claim 11,
    characterized in that ,
    the position of the switching device component (33) which makes contact with the magnet carriage (43) is selected such that after contact has been made it is maintained if the distance X becomes zero.
14. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in claim 13,
    characterized in that,
    the distance X can be adjusted by means of restraining magnets or magnetic restraining elements (15) of different thicknesses.
15. The magnetic switching apparatus as claimed in one of claims 11 to 14,
    characterized in that,
    a switching device component (33) has at least two contact elements (38) which are arranged at a distance from one another, wherein the other switching device component (34) is provided with a contact bridge (48) which, when contact is made between the two switching device components (33, 34), short-circuits the at least two contact elements (38).
16. The apparatus as claimed in one of claims 11 to 14,
    characterized in that,
    a switching device component (34) has at least one contact element (38) having two connecting lines (39, 40) which, when contact is formed with the other switching device component (33), make contact with at least two connecting lines (39', 40').

Images