EP2126068A2 - Enzymes (3r)-hydroxyacyl-acp deshydratases impliquees dans la biosynthese des acides mycoliques et leur utilisation pour le criblage d'antibiotiques - Google Patents
Enzymes (3r)-hydroxyacyl-acp deshydratases impliquees dans la biosynthese des acides mycoliques et leur utilisation pour le criblage d'antibiotiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2126068A2 EP2126068A2 EP08775548A EP08775548A EP2126068A2 EP 2126068 A2 EP2126068 A2 EP 2126068A2 EP 08775548 A EP08775548 A EP 08775548A EP 08775548 A EP08775548 A EP 08775548A EP 2126068 A2 EP2126068 A2 EP 2126068A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protein
- rvo636
- seq
- rvo635
- proteins
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to new enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids and their use for the screening of antibiotics, drugs that can be used to treat infections in humans or animals, due to Corynebacterineae and more particularly infections due to pathogenic mycobacteria ⁇ Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. leprae, M. ulcerans, M. microti, M. bovis, M. abscissus, M. avium, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii ...) as well as infections caused by other genera such as Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordona ...
- tuberculosis the agent of which is M. tuberculosis
- tuberculosis the agent of which is M. tuberculosis
- the design of new anti-tuberculosis drugs has become a priority again.
- the identification of pharmacological targets is therefore necessary for the development of new drugs.
- Mycobacterial mycobacterial acids also called eumycolates, are very long chain (C 60 -C 90 ) fatty acids, ⁇ -alkylated and ⁇ -hydroxylated, present in the form of esters in the wall of bacteria of a line phylogenetic particular actinomycetes, the suborder Corynebacterineae, also called "mycolotas", including, among others, the bacterial genera: Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, Nocardia, Gordona and Tsukamurella.
- Mycolic acids are thus specific for the envelope of mycobacteria and related bacteria (Brennan & Nikaido, 1995); mycobacterial mycolic acids are distinguished from mycolic acids of related genera that have shorter chain lengths (Barry et al, 1998). These compounds are important for the architecture and permeability of the mycobacterial envelope for which they represent a hydrophobic diffusion barrier (Brennan & Nikaido, 1995). In addition, they have a vital role in the survival of mycobacteria, and they are involved in the virulence and persistence of the tubercle bacillus in the infected host (Dubnau et al., 2000; Glickman et al., 2000).
- Mycolotas include major pathogens, including mycobacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, agent of tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, agent of leprosy.
- the genus Mycobacterium comprises several species classified into 3 groups according to their risk of infection for humans. In the group of strict pathogens, several species are found including the leprosy bacillus M. leprae and M. tuberculosis belonging to the subgroup called "M. tuberculosis complex". This subgroup consists of the 4 classic members: M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. microti, M. africanum, and 3 recently defined members M. Canetti, M. pinnipedii and M.
- the second group corresponds to opportunistic pathogens for humans (such as M. avium, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii ”) that have been isolated in certain animals and in the environment. These mycobacteria are responsible for pathologies in humans (mycobacteriosis) especially in subjects with a weakened immune system (for example, people with AIDS).
- the third group corresponds to non-pathogenic saprophytic mycobacteria (M. smegmatis, M. phlei, M. gastri ...) present in the environment.
- anti-tuberculosis drugs are those that interfere with mycobacterial envelope biosynthesis, such as isoniazid, ethionamide and ethambutol (WEBB et al., Molecular Biology and Virulence 1: 287 - 307 (eds Ratledge, C. & DaIe, J.) (Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford), 1999).
- Isoniazid a specifically anti-tuberculosis antibiotic, is primarily targeted at an enzyme of mycolic acid metabolism; it inhibits the activity of the protein InhA, which is part of the enzyme complex or FAS-II system, the function of which is to produce, by successive elongation cycles, long-chain fatty acids (acyl-ACP up to C 32 in vitro, or up to C 60 in vivo), mycolic acid precursors, using malonyl-ACP as the elongation unit.
- InhA a 2- fra "s-enoyl-ACP reductase catalyzes the 4th stage of an elongation cycle which includes four steps ( Figure 1).
- the FAS-II system is present in plants, bacteria (eg Rhodococcus, Nocardia and Mycobacterium), parasites (eg Plasmodium) and in mitochondria. Specifically, the initiation of the elongation system of the mycobacterial FAS-II system is performed by a ⁇ -ketoacyl-ACP synthase III, (mtFabH or KasIII), probably making the link between the two FAS-I and FAS-FAS systems. II catalyzing the condensation of acyl-CoA derived from FAS-I with the elongation unit, malonyl-ACP (Choi et al, 2000) ( Figure 1).
- the FAS-II system involves the following proteins: / - ketoacyl-ACP reductase MabA (2 cme step) Penoyl-ACP reductase InhA (4th stage), the / î-ketoacyl-ACP synthase? Kasa, kasb (l st step) (Banerjee et al, 1998; Kremer et al, 2001; Kremer et al, 2002; Marrakchi et al, 2000; Quémard et al, 1995; Schaeffer et al, 2001b) ( Figure 1).
- the target of isoniazid is the enzyme InhA; Isoniazid is a pro-drug that forms with InHA coenzyme, NADH, an inhibitor adduct.
- InhA the enzyme
- Isoniazid is a pro-drug that forms with InHA coenzyme, NADH, an inhibitor adduct.
- MabA was chosen as a target and the screening of molecules inhibiting MabA (International Application WO 03/08291 1) was proposed.
- the (3/2) -hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase enzyme involved in the third stage of the cycle and catalyzing the conversion of (3/2) -hydroxyacyl-ACP to 2- ⁇ -enoyl-ACP, has not yet been identified.
- the set of enzymes or hydroxyacyl dehydratase domains are difficult to identify because of the lack of similarity between the sequences. This was the case, for example, with the dehydratase domain of FAS-I of M.
- the inventors have now determined the enzymes involved in the third step of the fatty acid elongation cycle of the mycobacterial FAS-II system and their interest as a target for the screening of drugs and especially antibiotics active on microorganisms (bacteria, parasites, for example) containing a FAS-II system, in which the third step of the elongation cycle is catalyzed by a dehydratase containing a hydratase unit 2 (FIG. 11), or a catalytic unit derived from the hydratase unit 2 and constituted by less by the basic motif D- x (4) -H, wherein x (4) represents four amino acids, the latter being any amino acid, or a similar basic motif.
- similar basic unit is understood to mean the basic unit Dx (4) -H, in which the aspartic acid (D) is substituted by an amino acid selected from the group consisting of asparagine (N), glutamic acid (E) and glutamine (Q), and / or histidine (H) is substituted with a basic amino acid such as arginine (R) and lysine (L).
- Molecules having an inhibitory power on the expression or the activity of the G ⁇ -hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratases of the mycobacterial FAS-II system may also potentially inhibit other essential metabolisms involving proteins of the hydase 2 type, in a given microorganism. .
- the inventors have found that the enzymes responsible for the third step (dehydration) in the FAS-II system of M. tuberculosis H37rv correspond to proteins comprising protein subunits including RvO635 (SEQ ID NO: 4), RvO636 (SEQ ID NO: 2) or RvO637 (SEQ ID NO: 6) of M. tuberculosis H37Rv.
- the different enzymes containing RvO636 are PCR dependent and have specificity for long chain substrates.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a purified and isolated enzyme, involved in the FAS-II system, preferably the FAS-II mycobacterial system, and having the following characteristics: a) it is constituted by a dimer or a multimer selected from the group constituted by
- X is ACP and n ⁇ O, preferably n> 4, or CoA and n ⁇ O, preferably n> 8.
- the protein lacking a hydratase 2 motif is, for example, a protein that binds a long acyl chain.
- multimer means at least three proteins.
- the protein such as as defined in (i) is selected from the group consisting of the protein RvO636 (SEQ ID NO: 2) comprising a Y-AGVSGDLNPI-HWDDEIA Y-hydrate unit 2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) and a protein which has at least 51% d identity or at least 72% similarity, preferably at least 85% identity or at least 90% similarity to the RvO636 protein of sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 of M. tuberculosis H37rv.
- the protein as defined in (ii) which does not comprise a hydratase 2 unit is selected from the group consisting of: the protein RvO635 (SEQ ID NO: 4) or a protein which has at least 53% identity or at least 67% similarity, preferably at least 69% identity or at least 82% similarity with the RvO635 protein of sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 of M. tuberculosis H37RV and - the RvO637 protein (SEQ ID NO: 6) or a protein that has at least 44% identity or at least 61% similarity, preferably at least 59% identity or at least 76% identity. similarity with the RvO637 protein of sequence SEQ ID NO: 6 of M. tuberculosis H37Rv.
- the dimer or multimer is selected from the group consisting of: a homomultimer of RvO636 (SEQ ID NO: 2) or a protein that has at least 51% identity or at least 72% similarity, preferably at least 85% identity or at least 90% similarity, on the whole of its sequence with the M. tuberculosis RvO636 protein,. a heterodimer or a heteromultimer consisting of (i) the protein RvO636 (SEQ ID NO: 2) or a protein that has at least 51% identity or at least 72% similarity, preferably at least 85% of identity or at least 90% similarity with the RvO636 protein of sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 of M.
- tuberculosis H37Rv and (ii) the RvO635 protein (SEQ ID NO: 4) or a protein which has at least 53% identity or at least 67% similarity, preferably at least 69% identity or at least 82% similarity to the protein RvO635 of sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 of M. tuberculosis H37RV and.
- a heterodimer or a heteromultimer consisting of (i) the protein RvO636 (SEQ ID NO: 2) or a protein that has at least 51% identity or at least 72% similarity, preferably at least 85% of identity or at least 90% similarity with the RvO636 protein of sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 of M tuberculosis H37Rv and (ii) the protein RvO637 (SEQ ID NO: 6) or a protein which has at least 44% d identity or at least 61% similarity, preferably at least at least 59% identity or at least 76% similarity to the RvO637 protein of sequence SEQ ID NO: 6 of M. tuberculosis H37Rv.
- the enzymes in accordance with the invention thus participate in the third dehydration step of the FAS-II system elongation cycle, and in particular the mycobacterial FAS-II system as (3J) -hydroxyacyl dehydratase (FIG. 1).
- RvO635 70-100% identity and 86-100% similarity in M. tuberculosis and M. avium, M. smegmatis, M. bovis and M. leprae; 53% identity and
- RvO636 85-100% identity and 90-100% similarity in M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. leprae, M. avium and M. smegmatis; 51-63% identity and 72-78% similarity in Nocardia and Rhodococcus.
- RvO637 68-100% identity and 83-100% similarity in M. tuberculosis, M. avium, M. smegmatis, M. bovis and M. leprae.
- Corynebacterinae namely Corynebacterium glutamicum, Rhodococcus sp. RHA1 and Nocardia farcinica were analyzed.
- x% identity between a polypeptide P of length at least equal to that of the reference sequence and a reference sequence it is understood that when the two sequences are aligned, x% of the amino acids of P are identical to the corresponding amino acid of said reference sequence.
- x% similarity between a polypeptide P of length at least equal to that of the reference sequence and a reference sequence it is understood that when the two polypeptides are aligned, x% of the amino acids of P are identical to the acid. corresponding amine of said reference sequence or are replaced by an amino acid of the same group.
- the polypeptide P is less than the length of the reference sequence, the alignment is along the entire length of the P polypeptide.
- Figures 7-9 show the results obtained.
- amino acid of the same group is meant an amino acid having substantially identical chemical properties. In particular, this term is understood to mean amino acids having substantially the same charge and / or the same size, and / or the same hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity and / or the same aromaticity.
- Such groups of amino acids include; (i) glycine, alanine
- substitutions can be envisaged, in which an amino acid is replaced by another comparable but non-natural amino acid (hydroxyproline, norleucine, ornithine, citrulline, cyclohexylalanine, dextrorotatory amino acids, .).
- the identity percentages and the defined percentages of similarity can be obtained using the BLAST program (or blast2seq, default parameters) (Tatustore et al., FEMS Microbiol., Lett., 1999, 174, 247-250) or PSI.
- BLAST Altschul et al., 1997) with a comparison window corresponding to the total length of the sequences SEQ ID NO: 2, 4 and 6, when the P polypeptide compared is of length at least equal to that of the sequences SEQ ID NO: 2, 4 and 6.
- the comparison window corresponds to the total length of the polypeptide P.
- said enzymes are selected from the group consisting of: homomultimer of RvO636, heterodimer or heteromultimer Rv0635-Rv0636 and heterodimer or heteromultimer Rv0636-Rv0637.
- enzymes comprising RvO636 associated heterodimer or heteromultimer with RvO635 or Rv0637 possess in vitro enoyl-CoA hydratase activity.
- these two heterodimers effectively catalyze the hydration of 2-frara-enoyl-CoA in C 2 -C 2 O whereas no activity is detected in the presence of substrates with short chain (C 4 -C 8 ).
- the specificity of an enzyme according to the invention for a given size of the acyl chain of the substrates may be a function of the origin (plant, parasite, bacterium, mitochondria) of said enzyme.
- the (3i) -hydroxyacyl and / or 2-trans-enoyl substrate of said enzymes is preferably a substrate having an acyl chain of length equal to or greater than C 8 , preferably C 2 -C 20 , derived from PCA ( Figures 3 and 4).
- RvO636 can associate with a partner lacking a catalytic motif hydratase 2.
- the partner protein RvO635 or RvO637 is likely present to stabilize the long chain acyl substrate.
- Rv0636 with RvO635 induces a different specificity, but also a much higher specific activity in comparison with that obtained with the heterodimer Rv0636-Rv0637 (Figure 3).
- This latter enzyme exhibits an increasing activity following the increase in the chain length of the 2-en-1-enoyl-CoA (C 1 -C 20 ) substrates, with an apparent optimum activity for the C 20 substrate (FIG. 3).
- the specificity profiles of Rv0635-Rv0636 and RvO636-RvO637 are comparable to those obtained for some proteins of the mycobacterial FAS-II system and show that they belong to the FAS-II system.
- the fact that heterodimers exhibit a much higher activity in the presence of ACP derivative than CoA derivative confirms this membership (FIG. 4). This would explain the low specific activity of these enzymes in the presence of CoA derivatives.
- Rv0636-Rv0637 would intervene in later cycles.
- the inventors produced and purified the various dimers or multimers in recombinant form and determined their catalytic activity.
- the subject of the present invention is also the polynucleotides encoding the various proteins as defined above, in particular the proteins RvO635, RvO636 and RvO637; in particular the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 codes for the RvO636 protein; the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 3 codes for the RvO635 protein and the polynucleotide SEQ ID NO: 5 codes for the RvO637 protein; the polynucleotide comprising the sequence which codes for a RvO636 protein and the sequence which codes for a RvO635 protein and / or a RvO637 protein.
- the subject of the present invention is also a polynucleotide represented by the sequence SEQ ID NO: 7 of the attached sequence listing; it comprises the ORFs encoding the RvO635, RvO636 and RvO637 proteins located between positions 731930 and 733525 of the M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome.
- the chromosomal origins of the ORFs in said polynucleotide are as follows: RvO635: 731930-732406 (positions 201-677 of SEQ ID NO: 7); RvO636: 732393-732821 (positions 664-1092 of SEQ ID NO: 7); RvO637: 732825-733325 (positions 1096-1596 of SEQ ID NO: 7) (Fig. 12).
- the present invention also relates to an expression vector, comprising a polynucleotide as defined above and in particular a polynucleotide encoding a RvO636 protein according to the invention alone or in combination with a polynucleotide encoding the RvO635 protein and / or the RvO637 protein, as well as a host cell, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, transformed by said expression vector.
- the vector used is any vector of the state of the art.
- Said vector may also comprise regulatory sequences for the expression of the protein encoded by the polynucleotide (promoter, termination site, etc.).
- the introduction of the polynucleotide or expression vector into the modified host cell may be carried out by any known method such as, for example, transfection, infection, fusion, electroporation, microinjection or biolistics.
- the present invention also relates to a process for producing an enzyme according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises culturing a host cell according to the invention in a suitable medium and purifying said enzyme from said culture.
- said purification is by affinity chromatography, for example IMAC and / or exclusion chromatography.
- affinity chromatography for example IMAC and / or exclusion chromatography.
- IMAC Ni-Sepharose FF column and the HiLoad 16/60 Superdex 75 prep grade column.
- the present invention also relates to a method for inhibiting the biosynthesis of compounds of the envelope of mycolatas, characterized in that it comprises the inhibition of the expression or the activity of at least one of the enzymes as defined above, selected from the group consisting of the RvO636 protein, the RvO635 protein, the RvO637 protein and / or the protein complexes as defined above (dimers and multimers comprising the RvO636 protein).
- inhibitors may be antibodies directed against these proteins, antisense RNAs or interfering RNAs targeting the genes encoding these proteins, molecules that bind to the active site or in the substrate binding site of these proteins, or, in particular, compounds having a phenylbenzopyrone structure such as flavonoids (Brown et al., 2007).
- said method comprises: a) incubation of a suitable substrate selected from the group consisting of (3 ⁇ ) -hydroxyacyl-ACPs,?-Rara-2-enoyl-ACPs the RQs) -hydroxyacyl-CoA and tra "5-2-enoyl-CoA with an enzyme according to the invention, in the presence or in the absence of the molecule to be tested, and b) the comparison of the activity of the enzyme according to the invention in the presence and in the absence of the test molecule.
- a suitable substrate selected from the group consisting of (3 ⁇ ) -hydroxyacyl-ACPs,?-Rara-2-enoyl-ACPs the RQs) -hydroxyacyl-CoA and tra "5-2-enoyl-CoA
- the present invention also relates to a method for screening inhibitory ligands of an enzyme according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or a protein selected from the group consisting of the proteins RvO635, Rv0636 and RvO637, characterized in that it comprises a step of identifying inhibition of the expression or activity of said enzyme or said protein.
- the inhibition of the hydratase / dehydratase activity can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art and in particular by measuring a variation in absorbance related to the disappearance of the substrate or the appearance of a product, at an appropriate wavelength or by a tandem reaction (secondary enzyme or antibody that will detect the residual amount of substrate or the amount of product formed).
- the detection of the inhibitory power of the said molecule to be tested is carried out by:
- tests for ligand binding to the proteins can also be carried out by spectrofluorimetry, thanks to the presence of Trp residues, especially in the substrate binding site.
- the fluorescence emission intensity variation at the maximum emission makes it possible to detect the binding of a ligand and to deduce therefrom the dissociation constant (Kd).
- Kd dissociation constant
- mycobacterial FAS-II (3i?) -Hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase is an excellent potential target for the design of new anti-mycobacterial drugs. , including acting on the growth and / or viability of pathogenic mycobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. afccanum, M. leprae, M. ulcerans, M. microti, M. bovis, M. abscissus, M. avium, M. fortuitum , M. kansasii Among or new drugs affecting the growth and / or viability of genera related to mycobacteria belonging to Corynebacterineae (for example, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordona ).
- the subject of the present invention is also the use of an enzyme as defined above, for the screening of active antibiotics on microorganisms containing a FAS-II system, in which the dehydration step is catalyzed by a dehydratase containing a hydration unit 2 [YF] -x (1, 2) - [LIVG] - [STGC] -GDXNP- [LIV] -HX (S) - [AS] (SEQ ID NO: 15), (wherein x (n) represents n amino acids, the latter being any amino acid and the acids amines in brackets represent alternatives) or a catalytic unit, derived from the unit hydrate 2 and consisting at least of the basic unit Dx (4) -H, wherein x (4) represents 4 amino acids, the latter being any which amino acid, or by a pattern similar to the basic pattern.
- the hydratase unit 2 is the unit Y-A-G-V-S-G-D-L-N-P-I-H-W-D-D-E-I-A (SEQ ID NO: 16).
- said microorganisms are Corynebacterinae, preferably bacteria of the genera Rhodococcus, Nocardia and Mycobacterium, preferably Mycobacterium.
- the present invention also relates to a method for screening ligands of a protein (preferably RvO635, RvO636 and RvO637, in monomeric form and more preferably RvO636) or an enzyme according to the invention, characterized in that she understands :
- the present invention also relates to a method for screening ligands of a protein (preferably RvO635, RvO636 and RvO637, and more preferably RvO636) or an enzyme according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps :
- FIG. 1 shows the fatty acid cycle by the FAS-II system in mycobacteria.
- the names of enzymes catalyzing similar steps in E. coli are mentioned in parentheses.
- AcpM Mycobacterial ACP involved in the FAS-II system.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the SDS-PAGE analyzes of the nickel column chromatography and exclusion column fractions during the purification of the products of the hadA-hadB (Rv0635-Rv0636) and hadB-hadC genes.
- FIG. 3 represents the specificity profiles of the heterodimeric enzymes Rv0635-Rv0636 and Rv0636-Rv0637 for 2-fra / s-enoyl-CoA of different chain lengths.
- the data are initial velocity averages with standard deviations. The larger standard deviations observed for long chain substrates are due to solubility problems.
- the tests were carried out in the presence of fixed concentrations of substrate and enzyme in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0.
- the activities detected for the two heterodimers in the presence of short chain substrates (C 4 , C 8 ) are not significantly different from the activities detected in the control experiments in the absence of enzyme.
- the concentration of each enzyme has been adapted to obtain optimal conditions for measuring the initial velocity.
- FIG. 4 shows the comparison of the specific activity of the heterodimers RvO635-RvO636 and Rv0636-Rv0637 in the presence of 2-frmw-octenoyl-ACP and 2-rays-octenoyl-CoA.
- the data are initial velocity averages with standard deviations.
- the tests were carried out in the presence of 2 ⁇ M of substrate and, with fixed concentrations of enzymes Rv0635-Rv0636 (80 nM) (A) or RvO636-RvO637 (543 nM) (B), and monitored by spectrophotometry at 263 nm.
- the responses obtained for the heterodimers Rv0635-Rv0636 and Rv0636-Rv0637 in the presence of 2-f ⁇ my-octenoyl-CoA is not significantly different from the response obtained for the control experiments (in the absence of an enzyme).
- FIG. 5 illustrates the chromosomal organization of all the RvO635, RvO636 and RvO637 genes or orthologous genes in different Corynebacterinae.
- Gene products thrT, t-RNA-Thr; metT, t-RNA-Met; rmpG2, probable ribosomal protein 50S L33; trpT, t-RNA-Trp; secEl, probable preprotein translocase; nusG, probable anti-termination protein of transcription; rplK, rplA, probable 50S ribosomal proteins L1 and L1: mmaA4, mycolic acid (MA) methyltransferase.
- MA mycolic acid
- ro01984 plus ro01983 and the nfa51180 fusion gene are orthologs of hadA and hadB in Rhodococcus sp. and Nocardia farcinica respectively.
- the patterns are based on sequenced genomes of Rhodococcus, Nocardia, Corynebacterium, and Mtb and M. leaprae strains. It should be noted that downstream variations of the rplA gene exist in other mycobacterial genomes that have been sequenced.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the role model of the heterodimers RvO635-RvO636 (HadAB) and Rv0636-Rv0637 (HadBC) in the mycolic acid biosynthetic pathway.
- This model proposes that the enzyme Rv0635-Rv0636 (HadAB) is implicated, like the enzyme KasA, in the early stages of fatty acid elongation catalyzed by the FAS-II system, leading to the formation of the size-dependent meromycolic chains.
- intermediate C 22 -C 42
- mycolic acids found in Rhodococcus and Nocardia.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the polypeptide sequences corresponding to the nucleotide sequences cloned in the recombinant E. coli strains.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the alignment of the amino acid sequences of the proteins RvO635 (access number: P96926), RvO636 (access number: P96927) and RvO637 (accession number: P96928), produced at the Using the Clustal W.
- RvO636 program exhibited 13% sequence identity with RvO635 and 15% with RvO637.
- RvO636 and RvO637 have 45% identity with each other.
- the black and gray shadows respectively indicate strictly conserved residues and the like.
- Moisture unit 2 [YF] -X (I) - [LIVG] - [STGC] -G-D-X-N-P- [UV] -H-X (S) - [AS]) of RvO636 is indicated by stars.
- FIG. 12 represents the coding sequences of the RvO635-Rv0636-Rv0637 operon in M. tuberculosis. The start and end of each ORF is indicated by an arrow or a line, respectively. The RvO635 and RvO636 genes are overlapping.
- FIG. 13 represents the coupling tests of the heterodimer
- Rv0635-Rv0636 (HadAB) in the presence of MabA and InhA. It illustrates the MALDI-TOF MS analyzes of the reaction medium containing 3-ketododecanoyl-CoA, NADPH, NADH, MabA plus InhA (A) or more than 280 nM of the heterodimer Rv0635-Rv0636 (B) or the heterodimer Rv0635-Rv0636 and InhA (C).
- the peaks at 966, 988, 1010, 1032 and 1054 m / z respectively represent [M + H] + , [M + Na] + , [M-H + 2Na] + ions.
- FIG. 14 represents the coupling tests of the heterodimer Rv0636-Rv0637 (HadBC) in the presence of MabA and InhA. It illustrates the MALDI-TOF MS analyzes of the reaction medium containing 3-ketododecanoyl-CoA, NADPH, NADH, MabA, plus InhA and the heterodimer Rv0636-Rv0637 (HadBC) (1.65 ⁇ M), after 3h (A) and 24h (B). ) of reaction. For the meaning of the peaks, see the legend of Figure 13 above.
- Genome sequence analyzes were performed using the Sanger Institute and TubercuList Internet servers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (CoIe et al, 1998), and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. the other genomes
- the PRATT version 2.1 program of the PROSITE database (Jonassen et al, 1995) was used with the default parameters to define the two distinct specific motifs of the FabZ or FabA annotated proteins, based on two independent lists of 36 protein sequences.
- FabZ type, and 24 FabA-like sequences [including FabZ1 protein from Enterococcus faecalis whose sequence is more related to FabZ proteins but having FabA (dehydratase / isomerase) activity (Wang & Cronan, 2004)].
- the gene coding for the RvO636 protein was amplified by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in two steps, starting from the total DNA of the strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv. In a first PCR reaction, the primer pair 5'-GAT TTT
- the nucleotides 731 930 to 733 325 of the genome of the M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv containing the three genes RvO635, RvO636 and RvO637, were amplified by PCR from the cosmid MTCY20H10 ( http://genolist.pasteur.fr/Tuberculist).
- N-terminal tag of 6 histidines was simultaneously introduced into the PCR reaction using the 5'-ATG GCT pair of CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT GGT GCG CTG CGT GAG TTC AGC TCG G-3 '(sense primer) (SEQ ID NO: 13) and 5'-CAG TTG CTA ATT CGG TC-3 'ACG (antisense primer) (SEQ ID NO: 14), and PfuUltra polymerase (Stratagene).
- the bacteria were cultured in LB medium (Luria Browth Base,
- the expression of the target gene RvO636 was induced with 0.02% arabinose for 3-4 hours. After centrifugation of the bacterial cultures, the cell pellet was resuspended in lysis buffer (50 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , 300 mM NaCl, 10 mM imidazole, pH 8.0), and lysed using freeze-freezing cycles. thawing. Most of the RvO636 protein is in insoluble form.
- the cell-free extract was plated on a pre-equilibrated Ni Sepharose FF column (1 ml, GE Healthcare). After washing with 20 column volumes of buffer
- the protein was eluted with 5 column volumes of 250 mM imidazole in the same buffer.
- Fractions containing the protein are pooled, and then their buffer is changed by PD-10 column chromatography (GE Healthcare).
- the enzyme is further purified on a HiLoad 16/60 Superdex 75 prep grade column (GE Healthcare) equilibrated with 50 mM HEPES buffer, 15OmM NaCl, pH 7.5.
- the purified protein solution is analyzed by staining with Coomassie blue on SDS-PAGE (FIG. 2). This protein is 95% pure. However, it is relatively unstable in solution. Glycerol is added at a final concentration of 50% (v / v) and the protein is stored at -2O 0 C.
- the expression of the genes Rv0635-Rv0636 and Rv0636-Rv0637 was induced with 0.2 mM IPTG for 3-4 hours.
- the cell pellet was resuspended in lysis buffer (50 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , 30 mM NaCl, 10 mM imidazole, 10% (v / v) glycerol pH 8.0) with 1 mg / ml lysozyme, 0.01 mg / ml RNAse A, 0.02 mg / ml DNAse I, and 1 mM PMSF, and lysed using the One Shot CeIl disruptor (Constant Systems Ltd.).
- the soluble fraction was deposited on a Ni Sepharose FF column
- RvO636 Heterodimers During the chromatography steps described above, a coelution of the RvO635 proteins (fused with the N-terminal poly-histidine tag) and RvO636, and a coelution of the Rv0636 proteins (fused with the RvO636 protein) were demonstrated. N-terminal poly-histidine tag) and RvO637 ( Figure 2). These coelutions result from the interaction of Rv0635 with RvO636 on the one hand, and of RvO636 with RvO637 on the other hand.
- Dynamic Light Scattering measurements were performed with a DynaPro-801 TC (Protein Solutions, Inc.), at a protein concentration of 12 mg / ml in 50 mM NaHePES, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7, 5, at temperatures of 8 to 20 ° C. The data were analyzed with Dynamics.
- the sample showed a monomodal size distribution.
- the 2-trans-enoy ⁇ -CoA was synthesized and purified according to the protocol described in Quémard et al, 1995.
- the synthesis of 3-c / s-decenoyl-CoA was carried out as follows.
- 3-m-decenoyl-CoA was prepared and purified from 3-cy-decenoic acid and CoA, using the same mixed anhydride method as for 2- fr- ⁇ -enoyl-CoA (Goldman & Vagelos, 1961). 3-czs-decenoyl-CoA was purified by reverse phase HPLC using a Nucleosil column 8 systems 8 x 250 nm
- the 3-cis-decenoic acid was synthesized by the oxidation of 3-cis-decen-1-ol with pyridinium dichromate in dry dichloromethane and dimethylformamide, according to the described protocol of Besra (Besra et al., 1993). It was purified by silica gel chromatography using 80/20 (v / v) CHCl 3 / CH 3 OH as eluent, and characterized by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy.
- the 3-c / s-decol -ol was obtained by semi-hydrogenation (1 atm) of a solution of 3-decyn-1-ol (158 mg) in dry diethyl ether over Lindlar's catalyst (40 mg) with vigorous stirring. That the hydrogen gas (1, 6 mmol) is absorbed. Then it was purified by adsorption chromatography on silica gel with silver nitrate using increasing concentrations of methanol in dichloromethane as eluent. 2-FrsO-octenoyl-ACP was synthesized from holo-ACP of is. coli (Sigma®) and 2-chloro-octenoic acid as previously described (Cronan & Klages, 1981).
- Moistases / dehydratases (/?) - specific are more active in vitro in the sense of hydration than dehydration when isolated from their complex. Thus, their in vitro activity is often studied in the presence of alkyl derivatives rather than (3 ⁇ ) -hydroxyacyl.
- the reaction followed is the conversion of a 2- (R) -enoyl-CoA (or ACP) to (3 R) -hydroxyacyl-CoA (or ACP) corresponding to the hydration reaction or the transformation of a (3i) ?) - hydroxyacyl-CoA at 2-toms-enoyl-CoA corresponding to the dehydration reaction.
- the transformations corresponding to the hydration reaction and the dehydration reaction are respectively associated with a decrease and an increase in absorbance at 263 nm, related to the carbonyl conjugated double bond.
- a concentration variation of 100 ⁇ M corresponds to a variation of OD 263 of 0.67.
- the first hydration tests were carried out in the presence of 25 ⁇ M crotonoyl-CoA or 2-trans-octenoyl-CoA and the following ranges of enzyme concentrations: 0.8 to 280 nM of the heterodimer RvO635-RvO636, 0.8 to 543 nM of the heterodimer Rv0636-Rv0637
- the dehydratase activity it was studied in the presence of 25 or 75 ⁇ M of substrate hydroxybutyryl-CoA and at the same concentration as enzyme for the hydase activity tests, namely 0.8 to 280 nM of the heterodimer Rv0635-Rv0636, 0.8 to 543 nM of the heterodimer Rv0636-Rv0637
- the tests were carried out in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 in the presence of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA (25 or 75 ⁇ M) or 2-trans-octenoyl-CoA (25 ⁇ M) or crotonoyl-CoA ( 25 ⁇ M) and enzyme (Rv0635-Rv0636: 80 nM; Rv0636-Rv0637: 543 nM;).
- enzyme Rv0635-Rv0636: 80 nM; Rv0636-Rv0637: 543 nM;
- the activity of the various enzymes was tested on long chain derivatives, Ci 2 -C 2O IRA ".y-2-enoyl-CoAs.
- the tests were carried out in the presence of a low concentration of substrates (2.5 ⁇ M) for the heterodimer Rv0635-Rv0636 in order to minimize the solubility problems related to these amphiphilic molecules.
- the heterodimer Rv0636-Rv0637 the experiments were carried out in the presence of a higher concentration of substrate (25 ⁇ M) because at 2.5 ⁇ M, no activity could be detected.
- the study of the specificity of Rv0635-Rv0636 was also carried out at 25 ⁇ M (FIG. 3).
- the heterodimer-RvO635 RvO636 has a specificity profile significantly shifted to longer chains (CI -CI 2 O) and has an apparent specificity centered on the 2-trans-hexa decenoyl CoA (IO C) ( Figure 3A) . Indeed, no activity was detected in the presence of substrates with short chain (C 4 -Cg). At 25 ⁇ M of 2-frms-enoyl-CoA, the heterodimer Rv0635-Rv0636 has a similarity profile comparable to that obtained in the presence of 2.5 ⁇ M of substrate, except for the smaller difference between the activities. in the presence of substrates Ci 2 and C 2 o ( Figure 3D).
- the dehydration step can be catalyzed by either (3 H) -hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase or (3 H) -hydroxyacyl-ACP FabA-type dehydratase / isomerase which transforms, in vivo, the 2- / 5-enoyles formed by the dehydration step into 3-en-3-enoyles.
- the isomerase activity can be studied in vitro by studying the reverse reaction, that is to say the transformation of a 3-c / s-alkyl compound into 2-raysyl.
- the ability of the proteins to catalyze the isomerization reaction was investigated in the presence of 3-cjs-decenoyl-CoA (10 ⁇ M) and enzyme Rv0635-Rv0636 (80 nM) or Rv0636-Rv0637 (543 nM).
- the control experiments were carried out in presence of 2- (5-decenoyl-CoA (10 ⁇ M) and the same enzyme concentrations.
- the reactions were followed at 263 rpm where the increase in absorbance results from the conversion of 3-c / s-decenoyl-CoA to 2-fr ⁇ ms-decenoyl-CoA.
- Rv0635-Rv0636 enzyme 80 nM
- Rv0636- RvO637 31 1 nM alone or RvO636 (311 nM) were compared in the presence of 2- / raw-octenoyl-ACP (2 .mu.M) or 2- / ram i -octenoyl-CoA (2 ⁇ M).
- the heterodimer Rv0635-Rv0636 exhibited a specific activity in the presence of 2-r'-octenoyl-ACP of 0.28 ⁇ mol / min / mg whereas no significant activity was detected in the presence of the CoA derivative in these conditions (Figure 4A).
- the specific activity detected in the presence of 2- ( ⁇ -octenoyl-ACP (2 ⁇ M) was 0.047 ⁇ mol / min / mg of protein whereas in the presence of 2- ⁇ - ⁇ -octenoyl-CoA (2 ⁇ M), its activity was not significant compared to the response of the control experiment (without enzyme) (Figure 4B).
- no activity of the homodimer RvO636 could be detected in the presence of octenoyl-ACP. Reaction in tandem with MabA and InhA
- the MabA reaction (73 nM) was carried out in the presence of NADPH (64 ⁇ M) and 3-ketododecanoyl-CoA (C ) 2 , 53 ⁇ M), and after completion of the reaction (monitored at 340 nm) one of the heterodimers (ie 280 nM of Rv0635-Rv0636, or 1.65 ⁇ M of Rv0636-Rv0637) plus InhA (1.4 ⁇ M) were added in the presence of NADH (259 ⁇ M). Control experiments in the absence of the heterodimer or InhA were performed.
- the reaction media were analyzed in MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
- the reaction media were first diluted 10 times in water.
- the samples (1 .mu.l) were placed on the target plates, mixed with 1 .mu.l of matrix [10 mg / ml of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid in water: acetonitrile, 8: 2 (v / v) and allowed to crystallize. at room temperature.
- the coupling reaction analyzes were carried out in reflectron mode on a 4700 Analyzer mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems) equipped with a Nd: YAG laser (355 nm wavelength, pulses ⁇ 500-ps and 200 Hz). repetition rate). 2500 shots were accumulated in positive or negative ion mode and the mass spectrometry data was acquired using the default device calibration.
- the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of the reaction media demonstrates that the dodecanoyl-CoA, a product saturated with InhA, is formed very rapidly (in 3 min) in the presence of Rv0635-Rv0636 (FIG. 13C). This biosynthesis did not take place in the absence of the heterodimer (FIG. 13A). In the absence of InhA, a small proportion of dodecenoyl-CoA intermediate, a product of the hydration reaction catalyzed by Rv0635-Rv0636, appeared.
- the RvO636 protein has the following properties:
- the sequence coding for the Rv636 protein is located near the mmaAl-4 gene cluster involved in the biosynthesis of oxygenated mycolic acids in M. tuberculosis.
- this protein has a conserved characteristic catalytic sequence, termed the hydratase unit 2 ( Figure 12) which includes the motif Y-A-G-V-S-G-D-L-N-P-I-H-W-D-D-E-I-A (SEQ ID NO: 16).
- this protein belongs to the sub-family of hydratases 2.
- the unit hydase 2 was first described in enoyl-CoA hydratases and was also found in the (3/2) -hydroxyacyl dehydratase domain of FAS-systems. I. This hydase 2 motif has recently been observed in the (3J) -hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase system FAS-
- RvO635 and RvO637 proteins have the following properties: (i) they are ubiquitous among mycobacteria and only RvO635 is found in related genera (Corynebacte ⁇ nae); (ii) they are absent in Corynebacterium; (iii) their structure prediction corresponds to a SHD-like folding; (iv) but they do not have a catalytic motif; (v) they have the property of associating, independently to RvO636, forming heterodimers or multimers.
- RvO635, RvO636 and RvO637 have the following properties:
- Flavonoid inhibitors as novel antimycobacterial agents targeting RvO636, a putative dehydratase enzyme involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis fatty acid synthase II. Microbiology 153, 3314-22.
- Htd2p / YhrO67p is a yeast 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase essential for mitochondrial function and morphology. Mol Microbiol 53, 1407-1421.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR0700930A FR2912422B1 (fr) | 2007-02-09 | 2007-02-09 | Enzymes (3r)-hydroxyacyl-acp deshydratases impliquees dans la biosynthese des acides mycoliques et leur utilisation pour le criblage d'antibiotiques |
| PCT/FR2008/000162 WO2008129146A2 (fr) | 2007-02-09 | 2008-02-08 | Enzymes (3r)-hydroxyacyl-acp deshydratases impliquees dans la biosynthese des acides mycoliques et leur utilisation pour le criblage d'antibiotiques |
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| GB0125535D0 (en) * | 2001-10-24 | 2001-12-12 | Microbiological Res Authority | Mycobacterial genes down-regulated during latency |
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| WO2008129146A2 (fr) | 2008-10-30 |
| FR2912422B1 (fr) | 2013-01-11 |
| FR2912422A1 (fr) | 2008-08-15 |
| CA2677734A1 (fr) | 2008-10-30 |
| WO2008129146A3 (fr) | 2008-12-31 |
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