EP2122807B1 - Method for the mechanical winding of a coil - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for automatically winding a coil with at least one wire, wherein the coil comprises a coil inner side and at least two winding layers, wherein a winding layer is formed by windings arranged substantially parallel to the coil inner side.

Coils find numerous applications in electrical components, such as servo motors and electric motors. In particular, the recent development in the transport sector, especially in the automotive sector, requires ever more powerful electric motors with limited or even smaller dimensions of these. Therefore, trying to fill the predetermined volume in the actuator or electric motor as completely as possible with the wire forming the coil in order to increase the power density and train more powerful engines with the same dimensions or smaller and lighter engines with consistent performance.

Since in the region of the electric motor facing away from the central or rotor axis, due to the increasing circumference, more volume is available than in the region facing the central or rotor axis, so-called conical coils are used for better utilization of the volume present for the coils which are wider in the outer region than in the rotor region of the electric motor.

At the conical coil outer geometry of the coil it comes again and again to irregularities during winding, so that the uneven coil winding geometries and larger dimensional tolerances occur during the automatic winding of multiple coils. If now several coils in the electrical component and / or the electrical machine are arranged side by side, then these coils must be arranged spaced from each other to take into account the resulting tolerances during winding.

From the EP 0 920 107 A2 For example, a stator coil comprising two winding layers is known. From the US 2006/0033395 A1 is known a coil with a cone-shaped outer geometry. From the US 2004/0263015 A1 is known a coil with a conical outer geometry, wherein the wire has a rectangular cross-section.

From the JP 2005 020875 A is known a coil with a cone-shaped outer geometry, wherein the wire is partially wound cross-shaped.

From the US 2006/0022549 A1 a coil with a conical outer geometry is known, wherein the coil inner side has a corrugation for guiding the wire.

From the US 4,794,361 A is known a coil with a conical outer geometry, wherein the wire has a rectangular cross-section.

From the JP S45 1777 Y1 For example, a method of winding a non-linear material is known.

From the US 5,221,060 A For example, a method of winding a fiber optic cable is known.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for automatically winding a coil of the type mentioned, with which the aforementioned disadvantages can be avoided and with which coils with high precision, small dimensional tolerances in large quantities can be economically wound.

According to the invention this is achieved in that at least when winding a first winding layer at a predetermined location between a first turn and a second turn adjacent to the first turn, wherein the second turn is wound immediately following the first turn, a gap is formed, wherein the Width of the gap is at least partially at least one wire diameter, and that the wire is passed after winding the second winding, and optionally after winding further turns in the gap, wherein at least one support turn is formed.

It is advantageous that is formed by the gap a mechanically easy to manufacture place for receiving the support turn. The gap is a particularly advantageous way to form the recording for the support turn in the coil. Windings of a later winding layer are guided during winding of the coil in the gap and thus form the support winding or the support windings. The gap can be precisely predetermined in your situation. As the winding process progresses, the wire of a subsequently wound piece of wire is placed in the gap, and the piece of wire so disposed in the gap forms the support coil. Both the gap and the support turn in position on the coil with high precision and reliable reproducibility can be produced. It is also advantageous that the wire is supported on at least one end of the support turn by the support turn against lateral slippage and thus lateral slipping of the wire is avoided. In this way, despite the lateral forces occurring during winding, the wire is also arranged precisely and reproducibly in the support turn and in the turns connected directly to the support turn. The coil can be better adapted to the available volume for the coil in the electrical component, whereby a good space utilization and thus an increase in the Power density is achieved. As stated, the support turn and the wire jump can be predefined in a precise position and a high quality of the dimensional tolerances is made possible.

It is further provided that at least one turn of a second winding layer is wound before or after the winding of the at least one support winding, wherein the second winding layer is arranged adjacent to the first winding layer and on the side facing away from the coil inner side of the first winding layer. As a result, the wire can be guided from a first winding layer into a second winding layer. Since the support turn prevents the wire from slipping sideways, the wire feed of a guide device of the winding machine, in particular a winding arm, leading the wire during winding can deviate from the offset of the wire to be wound in the region of the layer jump by a predetermined tolerance. The reproducible dimensional tolerances of the winding of the coil can be less than the positioning tolerances of the guide device of the winding machine.

Furthermore, it is provided that the second winding layer is limited by the support turn. As a result, the second winding layer can be formed only over a partial region of the coil surface, in particular the coil outer side, wherein a step can be formed. The support coil, which is supported against lateral slippage, can form the position position of this stage with high precision and high reproducibility, whereby a high dimensional accuracy and small dimensional tolerances of the conical coil, in particular the geometry of the coil outside can be made possible.

According to a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the length of the first winding layer is greater than the length of the second winding layer. As a result, the step can be designed in such a way that a conical coil outside can be formed, wherein the slippage of the support turn can be prevented with particular reliability. Furthermore, at least the second winding layer can thereby be formed only over a partial region of the coil surface, in particular the coil outer side. The support turn, which is supported against lateral slippage, can form the position position of this stage with high precision and high reproducibility, whereby small dimensional tolerances of the conical coil, in particular the geometry of the coil outside can be made possible.

In this context, it can be provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the windings of the second winding layer are wound after the winding of the support winding and that at the insertion point of the wire in the gap a guide for the first in the second winding layer wound winding is formed. Thereby, the support turn can be used for guiding the first turn wound in the second winding layer. Due to the precise position positioning of the support turn, the first turn of the second winding layer can also be wound with high precision in the position of this turn. A step with high position precision is thereby reproducibly wound, wherein this first step forming this step is secured by the guide against slipping, in particular against slipping in the direction of the open end of the second winding layer. Thus conical coil can be achieved with small dimensional tolerances, which is why adjacent coils can be arranged with less clearance to each other or the adjacent coils can touch. The volume available for the coils is thus used particularly well and the power density is further increased. In particular, actuators and electric motors with constant power and / or smaller dimensions and lower weight are possible and the dimensional tolerances and the electrical properties of the coil are designed with particularly low tolerances.

According to a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the support turn to the subsequently wound turn is spaced at least two, preferably at least three, in particular at least four, wire diameter. In this way, the support turn following the wire jump can be formed, which intersects a plurality of turns of a winding layer formed below the wire jump and whereby the offset of the wire parallel to the coil axis in this wire jump can amount to several wire diameters. At least at one end of the support turn the formation of a wire jump, that is, an increased feed of the wire, possible, wherein the support turn supports this wire projection and prevents slipping of the wire at the end of the wire jump. Thus, wire jumps over a plurality of wire diameters and over multiple winding layers are formed with high precision, with small tolerances and with high reproducibility in a large number of spools even with machine winding, and complex spool geometries can be machine wound with high accuracy.

According to a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the support turn to the previously wound winding at least two, preferably at least three, in particular at least four, wire diameter is spaced. As a result, the support turn may previously be formed by the wire jump. It can the support turn, which is secured against lateral slipping, fix the support turn facing the end of the wire jump in the position. Thus, at least this end of the wire jump is secured against slipping with high positional precision and this wire jump can be wound over many coils with a constant low positional tolerance.

In continuation of the invention can be provided that the coil is formed with an orthocyclic winding. In an orthocyclic winding, the windings are wound in a first region along the coil circumference, in particular in a large part of the coil outer surface, that they are guided parallel to the base surface and / or top surface. The displacement of the wire guided by the feed of the guide device of the winding machine takes place in a second area along the circumference of the coil, the second area making up only a part of the circumference of the coil. The second region can also be designed in several parts, in particular in two parts, distributed over the circumference of the coil. This allows coils with a high order of turns and coils, in which a high order of turns is ensured even in higher winding layers.

Advantageously, it can be provided that the support turn is arranged at least partially completely in the first winding layer. As a result, the supporting effect of the support turn can be designed particularly advantageously and with high reliability. The support effect can be ensured even when occurring high shear forces, so that wire jumps can be wound with high reliability and reproducible position and dimensional tolerance.

In an advantageous continuation of the invention it can be provided that at least two support windings are arranged in the gap. As a result, it is also possible to fill gaps wider than a wire diameter with support windings, and coils comprising a plurality of wires can thus also be wound. In this case, each of the plurality of wires, which are in particular wound simultaneously and in parallel by means of the guide device of the winding machine, are guided into the gap, so that a support turn can be formed in each of the plurality of wires.

Furthermore, a coil with a machine layer winding, in particular a machine layer precision winding, will be described.

Coils find numerous applications in electrical components, such as servomotors and electric motors. An attempt is made to fill the predetermined volume in the actuator or electric motor as completely as possible with the wire forming the coil in order to increase the power density and to design increasingly powerful motors with constant dimensions or ever smaller and lighter motors with the same power.

In this case, provision may be made for specifying a coil of the abovementioned type, wherein a large number of essentially identical coils can be produced by machine with high precision and small dimensional tolerances.

This can be achieved by a coil which can be produced by the method according to the invention.

The advantage here is that the position tolerances and the dimensional tolerances of the individual turns less than the manufacturing tolerances of the winding machine, ie by the can be achieved during winding tolerances and / or positioning tolerances of the guide device.

The invention further relates to a coil having a machine layer winding, in particular a machine layer precision winding, with at least one wire, wherein the coil comprises a coil axis, a coil inside, a base, a top surface, and at least two winding layers, wherein a winding layer of substantially parallel to the coil inside arranged Windings is formed, the coil axis is arranged parallel to the main magnetic field direction of the current-carrying coil and wherein the base surface and the top surface are each substantially normal to the coil axis.

Coils find numerous applications in electrical components, such as in actuators and electric motors, trying to fill the predetermined volume in the actuator or electric motor as completely as possible with the wire forming the coil.

Another object of the invention is to provide a coil of the above type, wherein the space available for coils of a coil comprising these electrical components as fully as possible to fill the coil forming the wire.

According to the invention, this is achieved in that at least one second winding layer is incompletely wound, and that the end of the second winding layer spaced from the base surface or the cover surface is bounded by a support winding, wherein the support winding at least partially in the direction of the coil inner side to the second winding layer adjacent first winding layer is arranged.

The advantage here is that the wire is supported on at least one end of the support turn by the support turn against lateral slippage and thus lateral slipping of the wire is avoided. In this way, despite the lateral forces occurring during winding, the wire is also arranged precisely and reproducibly in the support turn and in the turns connected directly to the support turn. Due to the permissibility of higher transverse forces during the winding process, machine-wound wire jumps of high precision are made possible, at least one wire jump being provided on at least one end of the support turn. By fixing the position of the support winding is thus a precise offset of the wire in the wire jump, which is on the order of several wire diameter, for example three, four, five or more, formed with high mechanical reproducibility and the risk of twisting of the wire in the region of the wire jump does not occur on. The coil can that for the coil in the electrical component for Be better adapted available volume, whereby a good space utilization and thus an increase in power density is achieved.

In this context, further turns can at least partially adjoin in the first winding layer on opposite sides of the support turn. As a result, it can be secured against slipping in parallel and in both directions of the spool axis, so that transverse forces can be absorbed in parallel and in both directions of the spool axis by this support turn.

The invention also relates to an electrical component, in particular an electric motor, with a coil arrangement, in particular an annular coil arrangement.

Electrical components find numerous applications, especially in actuators and electric motors, trying to fill the predetermined volume in the electrical component as completely as possible with the coil forming the wire and to achieve such a high degree of filling.

According to the invention this is achieved in that the electrical component comprises at least one coil according to the invention.

In this way even complex coil geometries can be wound with high accuracy by machine. Due to the small tolerances adjacent coils can be arranged in the electrical component with a smaller distance from each other and the power density of the electrical component, in particular of the electric motor is increased. In particular, actuators and electric motors with constant power and / or smaller dimensions and lower weight can be formed.

In this context, it can be provided that a coil outer surface of at least one of the coils has at least one step, wherein the at least one stage is formed by outer turns of a lower winding layer and an outer winding of an upper winding layer that - seen in a cutting plane containing the coil axis - a step free surface is formed by the turns of the step and the outer tangent to the turns of the step, and in that one of the at least one step free surface engages another of the coils. In this way, even complex geometries of the electrical component can be formed by the individual coil arrangements. In particular, a particularly small diameter of the annular coil arrangement can be realized, whereby the intermediate spaces between the adjacent coils can be better utilized and the degree of filling of the coil arrangement can be further increased.

Advantageously, it can be provided that at least two adjacent of the coils each have a stepped coil outer surface, wherein the stages of the mutually facing coil outer surfaces of these coils are arranged so that the distance of the coil outer surfaces is substantially less than or equal to 1.3 times, preferably 1.2 times , in particular 1.1 times the wire diameter. In this way, particularly low empty volumes can also be realized between the adjacent coils, so that the degree of filling of the coil arrangement is further increased and the power density of the coil arrangement can be further increased.

• Fig. 1 Eine Hälfte einer Spule einer ersten Ausführungsform auf einem Spulenträger mit mehreren Wickellagen und mehreren Wickellagen in einer schematischen Darstellung im Schnitt;
• Fig. 2 eine innerste Wickellage einer Hälfte einer Spule in einer ersten Ausführungsform und Kennzeichnung der Vorschubrichtung der ersten Wickellage in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung;
• Fig. 3 zwei innerste Wickellagen einer Hälfte einer Spule einer ersten Ausfuhrungsform und Kennzeichnung der Vorschubrichtung der zweiten Wickellage in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung;
• Fig. 4 drei innerste Wickellagen einer Hälfte einer Spule einer ersten Ausführungsform und Kennzeichnung der Vorschubrichtung der dritten Wickellage in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung;
• Fig. 5 vier Wickellagen einer Hälfte einer Spule einer ersten Ausführungsform und Kennzeichnung der Vorschubrichtung der vierten Wickellage in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung;
• Fig. 6 fünf Wickellagen einer Hälfte einer Spule einer ersten Ausführungsform und Kennzeichnung der Vorschubrichtung der fünften Wickellage in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung;
• Fig. 7 eine Hälfte einer Spule einer ersten Ausführungsform und Kennzeichnung der Vorschubrichtung der sechsten Wickellage in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung;
• Fig. 8 eine Spule einer zweiten Ausführungsform in axonometrischer Darstellung während des Wickelvorganges in einer Momentaufnahme vor dem Wickeln eines Drahtsprunges;
• Fig. 9 eine Spule einer zweiten Ausführungsform in axonometrischer Darstellung während des Wickelvorganges in einer Momentaufnahme nach dem Wickeln eines Drahtsprunges und einer unmittelbar dem Drahtsprung folgenden Stützwindung;
• Fig. 10 eine Spule einer zweiten Ausführungsform in axonometrischer Darstellung nach vollendetem Wickelvorgang und
• Fig. 11 zwei benachbarte Spulen einer dritten Ausführungsform und vierten Ausführungsform im Schnitt bei beispielhafter Anordnung in einem - nicht dargestellten - elektrischen Bauteil in schematischer Darstellung.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments are shown by way of example. Showing:

• Fig. 1 One half of a coil of a first embodiment on a bobbin with a plurality of winding layers and a plurality of winding layers in a schematic representation in section;
• Fig. 2 an innermost winding layer of a half of a coil in a first embodiment and marking the feed direction of the first winding layer in a schematic sectional view;
• Fig. 3 two innermost winding layers of a half of a coil of a first embodiment and marking the feed direction of the second winding layer in a schematic sectional view;
• Fig. 4 three innermost winding layers of a half of a coil of a first embodiment and marking the feed direction of the third winding layer in a schematic sectional view;
• Fig. 5 four winding layers of a half of a coil of a first embodiment and marking the feed direction of the fourth winding layer in a schematic sectional view;
• Fig. 6 five winding layers of a half of a coil of a first embodiment and marking the feed direction of the fifth winding layer in a schematic sectional view;
• Fig. 7 one half of a coil of a first embodiment and marking the feed direction of the sixth winding layer in a schematic sectional view;
• Fig. 8 a coil of a second embodiment in axonometric view during the winding process in a snapshot before winding a wire jump;
• Fig. 9 a coil of a second embodiment in axonometric view during the winding process in a snapshot after the winding of a wire jump and a support loop immediately following the wire jump;
• Fig. 10 a coil of a second embodiment in axonometric representation after completion of the winding process and
• Fig. 11 two adjacent coils of a third embodiment and fourth embodiment in section in an exemplary arrangement in a - not shown - electrical component in a schematic representation.

The Fig. 1 to 11 show embodiments of a coil 1 according to the invention, wherein the coil 1 according to the invention is formed by a method for automatically winding a coil 1 with at least one wire 4, wherein the coil 1 comprises a coil inner side 14 and at least two winding layers 2, wherein a winding layer 2 of substantially formed turns parallel to the coil inner side 14 turns 5 is formed. In this case, to increase the precision of the winding and to reduce the dimensional tolerances of the winding is provided that when winding a first winding layer 21 at a predetermined location between a first turn 54 and a first turn 54 adjacent second turn 55, wherein the second turn 55 immediately Subsequently, after the first turn 54 is wound, a gap 6 is formed, wherein the width of the gap 6 at least partially at least a wire diameter, and that the wire 4 after winding the second winding 5, and optionally after winding further turns 5, is guided in the gap 6, wherein at least one support turn 51 is formed. The advantage here is that the wire 4 is supported in the support coil 51 and thus lateral slipping of the wire 4 is avoided. Due to the permissibility of higher transverse forces during the winding process, machine-wound wire jumps 41 of high precision are made possible. The wire jump 41 is provided on at least one end of the support turn 51. By fixing the position of the support turn 51 thus a precise offset 42 of the wire in the wire jump 41 is possible, which is in the order of several wire diameter, for example, three, four, five or more. The risk of misalignment of the wire 4 in the region of the wire jump 41 does not occur. The coil 1 can be better adapted to the volume available for the coil 1 in the electrical component, whereby a good space utilization and thus an increase in the degree of filling and the power density is achieved.

As stated, the support turn 51 and the wire jump 41 can be predefined with precision and a high quality of the dimensional tolerances is achieved even with the conical coil 1, which is why adjacent conical coils 1 can be arranged with a smaller gap to each other. By means of the precise predeterminability of the wire jumps 41, the stepped arrangement of the winding layers 2 of adjacent conical coils 1 is matched to one another so that the adjacent coils 1 can touch one another. The volume available for the coils 1 is used particularly well and the power density can be increased again.

This formation of positionally precise wire jumps 41 may be important, especially in the case of coils 1 with only a weakly pronounced cone, since, due to the flat angle of the cone, particularly large wire jumps 41 may be necessary. Since it comes here during winding at such a discontinuity to high shear forces, so is the safe and transverse force stable leadership of the wire 4 in the area of the discontinuity, especially the reproducibility of the leadership of the wire over many machine-wound coils 1 away, without support turn particularly difficult and Training the Stützwindung therefore particularly advantageous.

The coil 1 can be wound on a bobbin 7. The coil 1 comprises a wire 4 which has a conductor and an insulation layer, preferably a lacquer insulation. The conductor may comprise and be drawn, cast or rolled metals, in particular copper, aluminum, silver or an alloy of any of the foregoing metals. The cross section of the wire 4 may be formed without side edge, in particular round, elliptical or with side edges, in particular rectangular or square.

The coil 1 can be wound on a bobbin 7, wherein the bobbin 7 can have guides for an innermost winding layer 2. The bobbin 7 can support the precise arrangement of the turns 2 of the innermost winding layer 31. The bobbin 7 can hiezu on the surface, which is in direct contact with the coil inner side 14, have a structured surface in the form of a corrugation. In the grooves of the corrugation, the individual turns 2 of the innermost winding layer 2 can be guided during winding, that is to say during the winding process. In this way, the windings 2 to each other and to the bobbin 7 can be arranged with pre-definable tolerance and a precise or high-precision machine layer winding can be made possible. It can the carrier 2 advantageously be formed in several pieces from a plurality of spaced-apart individual carriers.

The Fig. 1 shows a first preferred embodiment of a coil according to the invention 1. The coil 1 is wound on a bobbin 14 and comprises four to six wound layers 2 wound on one another, wherein on a top surface 17 of the coil 1 four winding layers 2 and on one of the top surface 17 opposite base surface 16 of Coil 1 six winding layers 2 are formed. Between the base 16 and the top surface 17 of the coil 1, the coil height 18 is formed. In a region along the coil height 18 between the base 16 and the top surface 17 of the coil 1 five winding layers 2 are formed. Seen along the coil inside 14 - and thus along the coil height 18 - may be formed such a different number of winding layers 2. Due to the different number of winding layers 2, a stepped coil outside 15 is formed. Due to the step-shaped coil outer side 15 and the different number of winding layers 2, the coil 1 can also be referred to as a conical coil 1. The transition from six wound winding layers 2 wound on top of each other to five winding layers 2 wound on top of each other and the transition of five winding layers 2 wound on top of each other onto four winding layers 2 wound on top of each other is in each case formed as step 23 in the coil outer side 15. In the coil 1 according to the first embodiment, two support coils 51 are formed. These two support turns 51 fill two gaps 6 formed during winding.

The Fig. 2 to Fig. 7 show a coil 1 of a first embodiment and illustrate the manufacturing process, characterized in that the winding layers 2 which build up the coil 1 and the corresponding feed direction 31 of the respective winding layer 2 are shown in succession. For this purpose, some essential steps of a method for machine winding a coil 1 are shown, wherein the coil 1 is wound from a wire 4, a bobbin 7, a coil height 18, a base 16, a top surface 17, a coil inner side 14, a plurality of successively wound winding layers 2 and after completion of the winding has a coil outer side 15, wherein a winding layer 2 of substantially parallel to the coil inner side 14 arranged - not shown in this schematic - turns 5 is formed, wherein a winding layer 2 all turns 5 with the same feed direction 31 of a contiguous piece of the Wire 4 includes.

In the Fig. 2 the first winding layer 2 and the feed direction 31 of the innermost winding layer 2 are particularly emphasized. The innermost winding layer 2 forms the coil inner surface 14 on the surface facing the coil carrier 7. The bobbin 7 may also be formed as a winding carrier in the winding machine. In this way, no coil carrier 7 remains on the coil 1 after the completed winding process, and the coil 1 essentially comprises only the wire 4.

To form the innermost winding layer 2, the wire 4 is inserted on the top surface 17 of the coil 1, in the direction of feed, according to the feed direction 31, the individual turns 5 of the innermost winding layer 2 are guided side by side until the innermost winding layer 2 on the base surface 16 of Coil 1 is wound to the end. In the area of the base area 16 of the coil 1, the wire 4 is guided into the next winding layer 2, that is to say the second-innermost winding layer 2, and the feed direction 31 is changed. The feed direction indicates the feed direction of the guide device of the wire 4, in particular of the winding arm of the winding machine. In this case, over the entire coil height 18, the size of the feed constant.

In contrast to Fig. 2 is in the Fig. 3 also the second innermost winding layer 2 shown. The feed direction 31 is pointing in this winding layer 2 from base 16 to top surface 17. The second-innermost winding layer 2 is wound from the base 16 to the top surface 17. In this case, over the entire coil height 18, the size of the feed constant. At the top surface 17 of the coil 1, the second innermost winding layer 2 terminates and the wire 4 forming the turns 5 is guided into the next higher winding layer 2, that is to say the third-innermost winding layer 2.

In contrast to Fig. 3 is in the Fig. 4 also the third-innermost winding layer 2 shown. After completely wound third-innermost winding layer 2, at the base 16 of the coil 1, the wire 4 is guided in the overlying winding layer 2, the fourth innermost winding layer 2, the feed direction 31 is changed and the fourth innermost winding layer 2 is wound.

In contrast to Fig. 4 is in the Fig. 5 also the fourth-innermost winding layer 2 shown. In the central region of the coil height, ie approximately in the middle between the base surface 16 and the top surface 17, a first turn 54 and a second turn 55 are wound directly in succession. Thus, the first winding 54 and the second winding 55 are formed adjacent to each other, between these two windings 5, 54, 55 a Gap 6 is formed, wherein the width of this gap 6 at least partially along the coil circumference is at least one wire diameter.

The gap 6 in the fourth-innermost winding layer 2 is formed by an enlarged offset 42 of the wire 4 in the first turn 54. In this case, the offset 42 of the wire can be formed by a substantially larger wire diameter than the offset 42 of the wire 4 in the majority of the turns 5 of the same winding layer 2. Due to the increased offset 42 of the wire 4 of the first turn 54, the subsequently wound second turn 55 is wound adjacent and spaced from the first turn 54. The offset 42 of the wire 4 of the second turn 55 in turn corresponds to the offset 42 of the wire 4 in most of the turns 5 of the same winding layer 2. The difference of the size of the offset 42 of the wire 4 of the first turn 54 and the offset 42 of the wire 4 in The majority of the turns 5 of the same winding layer 2 determines the maximum width of the gap 6 formed in this winding layer 2. Windings 5 subsequently wound on the second winding 55 form that part of this winding layer 2 between the gap 6 and the cover surface 17. The feed direction 31 is the same in all turns 5 of this winding layer 2 and directed from the base 16 to the top surface 17.

In the Fig. 5 shown fourth-innermost winding layer 2 extends - in contrast to the previously wound winding layers 2 - not over the entire coil height 18. After the first gap 6 some more turns 5 are wound, but ends the fourth winding layer 2 spaced from the top surface 17 of the coil 1, wherein this distance is greater than a wire diameter and such a temporary open end 24 of the fourth-innermost winding layer 2 of the coil 1 is formed.

Continuing the winding process is in Fig. 6 shown. In Fig. 6 are in addition to Fig. 5 the support turn 51 of the fourth-innermost winding layer 2 and the fifth-innermost winding layer 2 are shown. From the temporary open end 24 of the fourth-innermost winding layer 2 of the wire by means of a - in the FIGS. 9 and 10 shown - wire jump 41 - led into the gap 6 of the fourth winding layer 2. In this wire jump 41, the wire 4 is guided over several, advantageously more than two, in particular more than three, turns 5 of the previously wound fourth-innermost winding layer 2. In this case, the support turn 51 can be spaced apart from the previously wound turn 5 by at least two, preferably by at least three, in particular by at least four, wire diameters. Since in such a wire jump 41 high transverse forces in the wire 4 occur, the risk of slippage, ie a lateral sliding parallel to the winding layer 2, a piece of wire immediately before and after the wire jump 41 particularly high. To be able to form a wire jump 41 with high precision and with low positional tolerances and dimensional tolerances, the wire 4 at the two ends of the wire jump 41 must be secured against lateral slippage. This backup takes place before the wire jump 41 through the last-wound winding 5 of the fourth-innermost winding layer 2. This backup takes place after the wire jump 41 by the immediately after the wire jump 41 wound support turn 51 in the fourth-innermost winding layer 2. This support turn 51 is on both sides in the direction Base 16 and toward the top surface 17 held by each of the first turn 54 and the second turn 55, so that the support turn 51 is secured against lateral slipping. The first turn 54 and the second turn 55 lie substantially adjacent to the support turn 51 and even high occurring by the wire jump 41 in the wire 4 transverse forces can be absorbed by the support turn 51 without the risk of slippage of the support turn 51 is. At the same time, the support turn 51 can be arranged completely in this winding layer 21 at least in regions.

After the support turn 51 has been wound, the wire 4 is guided into the next higher winding layer 2, that is to say the fifth-innermost winding layer 2, whereby a step 23 is formed. With the feed direction 31 in the direction of the base surface 16 a few turns 5 and a first turn 54 of the fifth-innermost winding layer 2 are wound. In this first turn 54 of the fifth-innermost winding layer 2, an offset 42 of the wire 4 which is substantially enlarged by a wire diameter is in turn wound. Due to the increased offset 42 of the wire 4 of the first turn 54 of the fifth innermost winding ply 2, the subsequently wound second turn 55 of the fifth innermost wrap ply 2 is wound adjacent and spaced from the first turn 54, thereby forming a gap 6 in the fifth innermost wrap ply 2. After winding the second turn 55 of the fifth-innermost winding layer 2, the fifth-innermost winding layer 2 is wound in the direction and up to the base surface 16 to the end.

The sixth-innermost winding layer 2 is in Fig. 7 especially highlighted. The wire 4 is wound in the feed direction 31, which is formed in the direction of the base 16 to the top surface 17, to the gap 6 in the fifth-innermost winding layer 2. Arrived at this gap 6, the wire 4 is guided in this gap 6, whereby a support turn 51 is formed. This support turn 51 forms the support for the immediately following - not shown - wire jump 41 which between one end of this support turn 51 and one in a different winding layer 2, in this case the fourth-innermost Winding layer 2, arranged second turn 5 is arranged. The wire jump 41 is formed in a coil 1 according to the invention of this embodiment between the support turn 51 in the fifth-innermost winding layer 2 to the temporary open end 24 of the fourth-innermost winding layer 2. The wire jump 41 takes place within a turn 5. In particular, the wire jump 41 can take place in a partial region of a turn 5. In this case, the coil 1 may be formed with an orthocyclic winding.

This wire jump extends over a plurality of turns 5, wherein the support turn 51 can be spaced apart from the subsequently wound turn 5 by at least two, preferably by at least three, in particular by at least four, wire diameters. In this case, high transverse forces in the wire piece in the wire jump 41 and in the two pieces of wire in the region of the two ends of the wire jump 41 occur. These transverse forces are absorbed by the support turn 51 in the fifth winding layer 2 in the area immediately before the wire jump 41 and are taken up immediately after the wire jump 41 by the last turn 5 of the fourth-innermost winding layer 2 delimiting the temporary open end 24. A slippage of the wire 4 in the region of this wire jump 41 and in the region of the ends of this wire jump 41 is thus prevented so easily and with high reliability, wherein that the support turn 51 is at least partially completely arranged in this winding layer 21.

After this wire jump 41, the fourth-innermost winding layer 2 in the feed direction 31, which is directed in the fourth-innermost winding layer 2 to the cover surface 17, finished wound. In this way, the area between the temporary open end 24 of the fourth-innermost winding layer 2 and the cover surface 17 is filled with turns 5. The fourth-innermost winding layer 2 is thus completely formed between the base surface 16 and the cover surface 17, so that the temporary open end 24 does not appear in this winding layer 2 in the finished wound coil 1. At the end of the wire 4 is performed by the bobbin 7 in the region of the top surface 17 and the coil 1 is completely wound. The finished coil 1 according to this embodiment has two visible wire jumps 41 and two visible steps 23.

In circularly symmetrical electrical components, in particular in electric motors, the circumference of the electrical component increases with increasing distance from the center and the center axis of the electrical component and, consequently, increases the circumference and the surface of the electrical component with increasing distance from the center axis. To exploit this gain in surface and volume in the component, the Base 16 of the coil 1, which has, for example, six winding layers 2, facing away from the center axis and the top surface 17 of the coil 1, which has four winding layers 2, for example, are arranged facing the center axis. Along the coil height 18, two steps 23 are formed in the coil outer surface 15. The available volume for the coil 1 can be used particularly well and the power of the electrical component can be increased with the same outer dimensions.

It can be provided that the wire 4 is guided along the coil circumference of a winding 5 in at least a first region along the coil circumference substantially normal to a coil axis 11, wherein the coil axis 11 is arranged parallel to the main magnetic field direction of the current-carrying coil 1, wherein at least a second area along the coil circumference for forming the offset 42 of the wire 4 - the wire feed - is formed. Such a coil 1 can be wound with orthocyclic winding. In this case, the at least one wire jump 41 may also be formed in the region of the offset 42 of the wire 4. In this context, a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions may be formed along the coil circumference, wherein between each of a first region and another first region, a second region is formed. It can be provided that at least two or more support windings 51 are arranged in the gap 6. This can be advantageous, above all, in the case of coils 1 with two or more wound wires 4, in particular wound in parallel.

This support turn 51 could also be arranged in other winding layers 2 in other embodiments. In general, therefore, the arrangement of the support turn 51 can be arranged in a first winding layer 21, wherein this first winding layer 21, as in this embodiment, the fourth innermost winding layer 2 may be. It can also be formed a plurality of support turns 51 in different winding layers. In this way, several, each one support winding 51 a winding layer 2 associated, first winding layers 21 may be formed. If a plurality of support turns 51 are formed in a winding layer 2, for example, the seventh-largest winding layer 2, then each of these plurality of support turns 51 is associated with exactly one first winding layer 21 and each of these first winding layers 21 is identical to the seven-innermost winding layer.

It can be provided that at least one turn 5 of a second winding layer 22 is wound before or after winding the at least one support turn 51, wherein the second winding layer 22 adjacent to the first winding layer 21 and on the side facing away from the coil inner side 14 of the first winding layer 21 is. Likewise, it can be provided that with the support turn 51, the second winding layer 22 is limited. Depending on the embodiment, the second winding layer 22 may be identical to the second-innermost, third-innermost, fourth-innermost, fifth-innermost, etc. winding layer 2 of the coil 1. It can be limited with the support turn 51, the second winding layer 2. Likewise, the length of the first winding layer 21 may be greater than the length of the second winding layer 22. In this way, a temporary open end 24 or a step 23 can be formed in the coil 1.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the turns 5 of the second winding layer 22 are wound after the winding of the support turn 51 and that at the insertion point of the wire 4 in the gap 6, a guide for the first wound in the second winding layer 22 winding 54 is formed. The winding of the step 23 or the temporary open end 24 of the second winding layer 22 is particularly easy to represent.

In the Fig. 7 Furthermore, the two stages 23 are shown. The step 23 is thereby formed by a turn 5 of an upper step winding layer and by a plurality of turns 5 of a lower step winding layer. Each of these two stages 23 can be assigned an external tangent 35. By the one of the stages 23 included turns 5 and the associated external step tangent 35 this step a relief surface 34 is formed. This stepped free surface 34 is essentially the wedge-shaped region from the step 23 to the end of the lower step winding layer, which can be formed either by a further step 23 or the top surface 17.

The Fig. 8 to 10 show a coil 1 with a machine layer winding, in particular a machine layer precision winding, with at least one wire 4, the coil 1 a coil axis 11, a coil inner side 14, a base 16, a top surface 17, and at least two winding layers 2, wherein a winding layer 2 of the coil axis 11 is arranged parallel to the main magnetic field direction of the current-carrying coil 1 and wherein the base surface 16 and the top surface 17 are each substantially normal to the coil axis 11, wherein at least one second winding layer 22 is incompletely wound, and that of the base 16 and the top surface 17 spaced end of the second winding layer 22 is bounded by a support turn 51, wherein the support turn 51 at least partially in the second winding layer 22 in the direction of the coil inner side 14 adjacent first winding layer 21 angeor dnet is.

The Fig. 8 shows a coil 1 in a second embodiment in axonometric view in a snapshot during the winding. Shown are the first end the wire 4 of the coil, which is connected to the innermost winding layer 2 of the coil and the bobbin 7, which may comprise plastic, metal, wood or composite materials. Furthermore, a coil length 12, a coil width 13 and a coil height 18 are shown. A plurality of winding layers 2 are wound along the coil height 18, wherein the number of winding layers 2 wound on one another varies along the coil height 18, whereby a coil 1 comprising steps 23 is formed on the coil outer side 15, ie a conical coil 1. The coil 1 has first regions, in which the wire 4 is fed without feed and is wound without offset 42, and second areas in which the wire 4 is fed with feed and wound with offset 42 on. The first region is formed along the coil length 12. The second region is formed along the coil width 13.

The in the Fig. 8 illustrated snapshot during winding shows a fully wound winding layer 2 and an incompletely wound winding layer 2. The incomplete winding layer 2 is to facilitate identification - and since it is not apparent in this figure, how many winding layers 2 are wound under this winding layer 2 - as the first winding layer 21 denotes. In the first winding layer 21, a gap 6 is formed. This gap 6 is formed by the enlarged offset 42 of the wire 4 of a first turn 54 of this first winding layer 21.

Immediately following this illustrated snapshot, the wire jump 41 is wound, which in the Fig. 9 is shown. The Fig. 9 represents a further snapshot of the winding process of the coil, with respect to the Fig. 8 exactly one additional winding 5 is shown. From the open end 24 in the first winding layer 21, the wire is guided by means of a wire jump 41 in the gap 6 in the first winding layer 21. After the wire jump 41, the support turn 51 is then wound directly in this gap 6. This support turn 51 is at least partially completely in the in the first winding layer 21. At least in some regions further turns 5 in the first winding layer 21 adjoin opposite sides of the support turn 51.

The further winding process is in Fig. 10 seen. At the end of the support turn 51, the wire 4 is guided out of the first winding layer 21 into an immediately above the second winding layer 22, whereby a step 23 is formed in the coil outer side 15. The second winding layer 22 is a winding layer 2 of the coil 1 that is different from the first winding layer 21. For example, the first winding layer 21 may be the fourth-innermost winding layer 2, so that the second winding layer 22, the fifth-innermost winding layer 2 forms. The second winding layer 22 is wound from this stage 23 in the direction of the top surface 17. After it has been wound up to the top surface 17, the wire 4 is passed through the bobbin 7 and the coil 1 is completely wound.

The coil 1 can thus be formed flat in regions, wherein the steps 23 and open ends 24 of the coil 1 allow a conical coil outer surface 15. Furthermore, the coil 1 may be formed with a convex or a concave coil outer surface 15, so that the contour of the coil 1 of the electrical component even better adapted and the power density of the electrical component can be further increased.

Since the wire along the coil length 12 and in particular in the first region along the coil circumference in all winding layers 2 can be guided substantially parallel to each other, and a filling degree diminishing crosses the wire of different winding layers 1 is avoided in these areas, the winding are wound orthocyclically can. In this case, the support turn 51 can be arranged completely in the first winding layer 21 substantially in the entire first region. In this case, the support of the support turn 51 can take place in both directions parallel to the first winding layer 21. By means of the support turn 51 formed in this way it is made possible that a wire jump 41 is formed at both ends of the support turn 51, whereby a wire jump 41 can be wound immediately before and immediately after the support turn 51. Even complex contours can thus be machined safely, reproducibly and with small dimensional tolerances.

The Fig. 11 shows two adjacent different coils 1 of a third and fourth embodiment of a coil assembly in section, wherein the particular annular coil assembly of an electrical component, not shown, comprises a plurality of coils 1. Shown are two different embodiments of the coil 1, which are arranged alternately adjacent. The left of the two coils 1 shown in the view is - for better distinction and without ranking or rating - as the first coil 111 and the right of the two coils 1 is referred to as the second coil 112. For this, circular, oval, rectangular or in particular annular coil arrangement comprising a plurality of coils 1 of at least two different embodiments of coils 1 can therefore also by the simultaneous use of a coil type "A", for example, the first coil 111, and a coil type "B" For example, the second coil 112, are spoken. To more complex and / or deviating from the circular shape Also, three or more embodiments of the coils 1, 111, 112 may be used cooperatively to illustrate geometries. This coil arrangement may comprise, in an electrical component, in particular an electric motor, a coil arrangement, in particular an annular coil arrangement, wherein the electrical component comprises at least one coil 1 according to the invention. The two mutually different coils 1, 111, 112 are juxtaposed adjacent to each other, wherein the two coil axes 11 of the two different coils 1, 111, 112 do not coincide.

The individual turns 5 of the coils 1, 111, 112 are not shown in this schematic representation, but the individual winding layers 2 are shown. Furthermore, the bobbin 7, the coil inner side 14, the coil outer side 15, the base 16, the top surface 17 and the coil height 18 are shown. The first coil 111 has a maximum of nine winding layers 2. The second coil 111 has a maximum of eight winding layers 2. The maximum number of winding layers 2 is arranged in both coils 1, 111, 112 in the region of the base surface 16. Such an electrical component may be formed, wherein the coil outer side 15 of at least one of the coils 1 at least one stage 23, wherein the at least one step 23 is formed by outer turns 5 a lower stage winding layer and an outer winding 5 an upper stage winding layer. For several stages 1 along the bobbin height 18, a plurality of upper stage winding layers and a plurality of lower stage winding layers may be formed.

The engaging in the step surfaces 34 areas of external turns 5 of an adjacent coil 1 are formed in some winding layers 2 and are in the Fig. 11 hatched shown. These hatched areas are referred to below as overlapping areas 38. These overlapping regions 38 are therefore those windings 5 of a coil 1, 111, 112, which can engage in the step free surfaces 34 of the coil 1, 111, 112 adjacent to this one coil 1, 111, 112.

The different design of the coil outer sides 15 between the first coil 111 and second coil 112 can be seen especially in the middle in the figure, in which the two illustrated coils 1, 111, 112 adjoin one another adjacent. Starting at the base surface 16 of the first coil 111, a number of turns 5 of the ninth winding layer 2, which represents the outermost winding layer 2 in this region of the first coil 111, are formed. A step 23, the step 23 closest to the base surface 16, which is referred to as the first step 23 of the first coil 111, limits the ninth winding layer 2 of the first coil 111, which is open towards the cover surface 17. Further along the coil outer side 15 in the direction of the top surface 17 is a second stage 23 of the first coil 111 is formed. Between the first and second stage 23, eight winding layers 2 are formed one above the other in the first coil 111 and the eighth winding layer 2 forms in this region of the coil height 18 the outermost winding layer 2 of the first coil 111. At the top surface 17 toward the end of the eighth winding layer 2 first coil 111, the third stage 23 is formed. Between the third stage 23 and second stage 23, seven winding layers 2 are formed one above the other in the first coil 111 and the seventh winding layer 2 forms the outermost winding layer 2 in this region of the package height 18. At the end surface of the seventh winding layer 2 open to the top surface 17 of the first coil 111, the fourth stage 23 of the first coil 111 is formed. Between the third and fourth stage 23, six winding layers 2 are formed one above the other in the first coil 111 and the sixth winding layer 2 forms the outermost winding layer 2 in this region of the package height 18. From the fourth stage 23 of the first package 1, five winding layers 2 are formed one above the other and the fifth winding layer 2 forms between fourth stage 23 and the top surface 17, the coil outer side 15 of the first coil 111 from.

Similarly, the arrangement in the second coil 112, which according to the Fig. 11 In the region of the top surface 16 eight winding layers 2 are formed one above the other and the eighth winding layer 2 forms in this area the coil outer side 15 of the second coil 112 from. From the closest to the base 16 stage 23 of the second coil 112, so the first stage 23 of the second coil 112, seven winding layers 2 are formed one above the other and the coil outer side 15 is formed in this region of the second coil 112 through the seventh winding layer 2. At the end of the seventh winding layer 2 of the second coil 112 open towards the cover surface 17 of the second coil 112, the second step 23 of the second coil 112 is formed. At the end surface of the sixth coil layer 2 of the second coil 112 which is open towards the cover surface 17 of the second coil 112, the third step 23 of the second coil 112 is formed. Between the second and third stage 23 of the second coil 112 six winding layers 2 are formed one above the other and the coil outer side 15 is formed in this area by the sixth winding layer 2. From the third stage 23 of the second coil 112, five winding layers 2 are wound on each other and the coil outer side 15 is formed between the third step 23 and the top surface 17 through the fifth winding layer 2.

The first coil 111 and the second coil 112 thus differ in the number of maximum winding layers 2 and in the number of stages formed along the coil height 23. The positions along the coil height of the steps 23 of the two coils 1, 111, 112 are also formed differently. The smallest distance to the base 16, the first stage 23 of the first coil 111 has. The second shortest distance to the base surface 16 has the second step 23 of the first coil 111. The third smallest distance to the base 16, the first stage 23 of the second coil 112 has. The fourth smallest distance to the base surface 16 has the second step 23 of the second coil 112. The fifth-smallest distance to the base surface 16 has the third step 23 of the first coil 111. The sixth smallest distance to the base surface 16 has the fourth step 23 of the first coil 111. The seventh-lowest and immediately greatest distance to the base surface 16, the third stage 23 of the second coil 112.

The first stage 23 of the second coil 112 engages in this advantageous arrangement of the adjacent coils 1, 111, 112 in the step-free surface 34 of the second stage 23 of the first coil 111 a. The third stage 23 of the first coil 111 engages the stepped surface 34 of the second stage 23 of the second coil 112. And the third stage 23 of the second coil 112 engages the stepped surface 34 of the fourth stage 23 of the first coil 111. The stepped surfaces 34 can be better used and partially filled with wire 4, whereby a higher degree of filling of the coil assembly is made possible and the power density of the coil assembly and the coil assembly comprising - not shown - electrical component can be increased. In this case, the first coil 111 and the second coil 112 can in particular also be wound orthocyclically.

Such an electrical component can be provided that a coil outer surface 15 of at least one of the coils 1 has at least one stage 23, wherein the at least one step 23 is formed by outer turns 5 a lower winding layer and an outer winding 5 an upper winding layer, that - seen a cutting plane containing the coil axis 11 - a stepped surface 34 by the windings 5 of the step 23 and the outer tangent 35 is formed on the turns 5 of the step 23, and that in one of the at least one stepped surface 34 another of the coils 1 engages.

In contrast to this - in an embodiment not shown - in the mutually facing coil outer sides 15 of two adjacent coils 1 of the same embodiment, the steps 34 are mirror-inverted. Thus, with a neighboring arrangement of these two coils 1, one stage 34 of one coil 1 and one stage 34 of the other coil 1 can touch one another. However, the step clearance 34 can not be filled with wire, so that the maximum distance of the coils 1 when touching the two coils 1 in the region of the steps 34 corresponds approximately to twice the wire diameter.

This maximum distance of the coils 1 can be substantially halved in the arrangement of two adjacent adjacent coils 1 different step-shaped embodiment. Thus, it can be made possible in an electrical component that a coil outer surface 15 of at least one of the coils 1 has at least one step 23, the at least one step 23 being formed by external turns 5 of a lower winding layer and an outer winding 5 of an upper winding layer. seen in a sectional plane containing the coil axis 11 - a stepped surface 34 by the turns 5 of the step 23 and the outer tangent 35 is formed on the turns 5 of the step 23, and that in one of the at least one stepped surface 34, another of the coils 1 engages.

Due to the small tolerances adjacent coils 1, 111, 112 can be arranged in the electrical component with a smaller distance from each other and the power density of the electrical component, in particular of the electric motor is increased. In particular, actuators and electric motors with constant power and / or smaller dimensions and lower weight can be formed.

Further embodiments according to the invention have only a part of the features described, wherein each feature combination, in particular also of various described embodiments, can be provided.

Claims (13)

1. A method for the mechanical winding a conical coil (1) having at least one wire (4) which comprises a conductor and an insulating layer, wherein the conical coil (1) comprises a coil inner side (14) and at least two winding layers (2), wherein a winding layer (2) is formed by wire turns (5) arranged substantially parallel to the coil inner side (14), wherein at least when winding a first winding layer (21) at a predeterminable point between a first turn (54) and a second turn (55) adjacent to a first turn (54), wherein the second turn (55) is wound immediately after the first turn (54), a gap (6) is formed, wherein the width of the gap (6) is at least one wire diameter at least in some sections, and the wire (4) after the winding of the second turn (55), and optionally after the winding of further turns (5), is guided into the gap (6), whereby at least one support turn (51) is formed, wherein at least one turn (5) of a second winding layer (22) is wound before or after the winding of the at least one support turn (51), wherein the second winding layer (22) is arranged adjacent to the first winding layer (21) and on the side of the first winding layer (22) facing away from the coil inner side (14), characterized in that at least the second winding layer (22) is incompletely wound, and that the second winding layer (22) is delimited by the support turn (51).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the first winding layer (21) is greater than the length of the second winding layer (22).
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the turns (5) of the second winding layer (22) are wound after the winding of the support turn (51) and that at the insertion point of the wire into the gap (6) a guide for the first turn (54) wound in the second winding layer (22) is formed.
4. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support turn (51) is spaced from the subsequently wound turn (5) by at least two, preferably at least three, in particular at least four, wire diameters.
5. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support turn (51) is spaced from the previously wound winding (5) by at least two, preferably at least three, in particular at least four, wire diameters.
6. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conical coil (1) is formed with an orthocyclic winding.
7. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support turn (51) is arranged, at least in some regions, completely in the first winding layer (21).
8. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two support windings (51) are arranged in the gap (6).
9. A conical coil having a machine layer winding, in particular a machine layer precision winding, with at least one wire (4) having a conductor and an insulating layer, wherein the conical coil (1) has a coil axis (11), a coil inner side (14), a base surface (16), a cover surface (17), and at least two winding layers (2), wherein a winding layer (2) is formed by turns (5) arranged substantially parallel to the coil inner side (14), the coil axis (11) is arranged parallel to the main magnetic field direction of the current-carrying conical coil (1), and wherein the base surface (16) and the cover surface (17) are each substantially normal to the coil axis (11), wherein at least one first winding layer (21) has a gap (6) at a predetermined location between a first turn (54) and a second turn (55) adjacent to the first turn (54), wherein the second turn (55) is wound immediately after the first turn (54), wherein the width of the gap (6) is at least one wire diameter at least in some sections, and wherein the wire (4) is arranged in the gap (6) after the second turn (55), and optionally after further windings (5), for forming at least one support turn (51), wherein a second winding layer (22) is arranged adjacent to the first winding layer (21) and on the coil inner side (14) facing away from the first winding layer (21), wherein the support winding (51) is arranged, at least in regions, in the first winding layer (21) adjacent to the second winding layer (22) in the direction of the coil inner side (14), characterized in that at least the second winding layer (22) is incompletely wound, and that the end of the second winding layer (22) spaced from the base surface (16) or the cover surface (17) is delimited by the support winding (51).
10. A conical coil according to claim 9, characterized in that further turns (5) adjoin opposite sides of the support turn (51) at least in some regions in the first winding layer (21).
11. An electrical component, in particular electric motor, with a coil arrangement, in particular an annular coil arrangement, characterized in that the electrical component comprises at least one conical coil (1) according to one of claims 9 to 10.
12. An electrical component according to claim 11, characterized in that a coil outer surface (15) of at least one of the conical coils (1) has at least one step (23), wherein the at least one step (23) is formed by external turns (5) of a lower winding layer and an outer turn (5) of an upper winding layer, that - as seen in a plane of intersection containing the coil axis (11) - a stepped free surface (34) is formed by the turns (5) of the step (23) and the outer tangent (35) on the windings (5) of the step (23), and that another of the conical coils (1) engages in one of the at least one stepped free surface (34).
13. An electrical component according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that at least two adjacent ones of the conical coils (1) each have a stepped coil outer surface (15), wherein the steps (23) of the mutually facing coil outer surfaces (15) of these conical coils (1) are arranged so that the distance of the coil outer surfaces (15) is substantially less than or equal to 1.3 times, preferably 1.2 times, in particular 1.1 times, the wire diameter.

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