EP2118384B1 - Ouvrage en sol renforce et elements de renfort pour sa construction - Google Patents

Ouvrage en sol renforce et elements de renfort pour sa construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2118384B1
EP2118384B1 EP08775656.5A EP08775656A EP2118384B1 EP 2118384 B1 EP2118384 B1 EP 2118384B1 EP 08775656 A EP08775656 A EP 08775656A EP 2118384 B1 EP2118384 B1 EP 2118384B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reinforcement
strips
path
facing
strip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08775656.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2118384A1 (fr
Inventor
Nicolas Freitag
Jean-Claude Morizot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Terre Armee Internationale
Original Assignee
Terre Armee Internationale
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Terre Armee Internationale filed Critical Terre Armee Internationale
Publication of EP2118384A1 publication Critical patent/EP2118384A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2118384B1 publication Critical patent/EP2118384B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction of structures in reinforced soil or reinforced earth. This construction technique is commonly used to make structures such as retaining walls, bridge abutments, etc.
  • a reinforced soil structure combines compacted backfill, siding and reinforcement usually connected to the facing. Reinforcements are placed in the soil with a density depending on the constraints that can be exerted on the structure, the thrust forces of the ground being taken up by the friction soil-reinforcements.
  • the invention is more particularly concerned with the case where the reinforcements are in the form of strips of synthetic material, for example based on polyester fibers.
  • the facing is most often made from prefabricated concrete elements in the form of slabs or blocks, juxtaposed to cover the front face of the structure. There can be horizontal recesses on this front face between different levels of the facing, when the structure has one or more terraces.
  • Reinforcements placed in the embankment are usually joined to the facing by means of mechanical connection members that can take various forms. Once the work is completed, reinforcements distributed in the embankment transmit high loads, up to several tons. Their connection to the facing must be robust to maintain the cohesion of the whole.
  • connection members present risks of degradation. They are often susceptible to corrosion due to moisture or chemicals present or infiltrated into the backfill.
  • the connecting members are sometimes made of resins or composite materials to be less easily corrodable. But their cost is then increased, and it is difficult to give them good mechanical properties. It is thus desirable to be able to dispense with connection members between the facing element and the reinforcements of the structure.
  • the facing elements are shaped to have at least one passageway for receiving a reinforcing strip.
  • a reinforced soil structure comprising a backfill, reinforcement strips extending in a reinforced zone of the embankment located at the rear of a front face of the structure, and a facing placed along said front face, the reinforcing strips being anchored to the facing in respective anchoring regions.
  • the cladding incorporates a path formed for a reinforcement strip between two emergence points located on a rear face of the facing adjacent to the embankment.
  • This path comprises two rectilinear portions respectively adjacent to the two emergence points and each arranged to position the strip in the same emergence plane perpendicular to said rear face, two curved portions respectively extending the two rectilinear portions and arranged to deflect the strip off. the emergence plane, and a connecting portion interconnecting the two curved portions and having at least one loop located outside the emergence plane.
  • This arrangement allows a good positioning and effective anchoring of the reinforcing strip while avoiding making it follow too strong curvatures or to apply to it great efforts of embrace (tightening).
  • the distribution of reinforcement bands is generally calculated as a function of the thrust forces of the ground and the number of reinforcement bands required for a given configuration is determined as a function of the soil-reinforcement friction.
  • US 2006/239783 discloses a structure for stabilizing a soil comprising geogrids.
  • WO 99/35343 describes modular elements of facing for a structure in reinforced soil.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a configuration of reinforcing strips for advantageous anchoring to a facing of a structure in reinforced soil and to address the above concerns.
  • the invention thus proposes a structure in reinforced soil, comprising a backfill, reinforcement strips comprising reinforcing segments which extend in a reinforced area of the embankment located at the rear of a front face of the structure, and a facing placed along said front face, the reinforcing strips being anchored to the facing in respective anchoring regions, wherein the facing incorporates, in at least one anchoring region, a path formed for a reinforcement strip between two emergence points located on a rear face of the facing adjacent the reed, and wherein the path comprises two rectilinear portions respectively adjacent to the two emergence points and each arranged to position the band in the same plane of emergence (P) perpendicular said rear face, two curved portions respectively extending the two rectilinear portions and arranged to deflect the strip out of the emergence plane (P), and a porti a connection connecting the two curved portions and having at least one loop located outside the emergence plane, where at least two reinforcement segments each extend a rectilinear portion of a path beyond
  • the connecting elements are strips. These binding strips may be attached to the reinforcement strips by stapling, gluing or any other suitable technique. This attachment can be performed before or after positioning the reinforcement strips along said path.
  • the connecting elements are arranged at an angle ⁇ , between 30 ° and 150 ° preferably between 60 ° and 120 °, or even substantially equal to 90 °, where the angle ⁇ measures the angular difference in the plane P between the axis of one of the reinforcing segments and the axis of the connecting element.
  • the angle ⁇ measures the angular difference in the plane P between the axis of one of the reinforcing segments and the axis of the connecting element.
  • two reinforcing segments interconnected by at least one connecting element are part of the same reinforcement strip disposed along said path.
  • the reinforcement segments of the same band are both interconnected by a part of this band that follows said path and by at least one connecting element.
  • the structure may comprise a plurality of reinforcing strips that are independent of each other and arranged along said path where each reinforcing strip comprises two reinforcing segments interconnected by a plurality of connecting elements.
  • At least two reinforcing segments interconnected by at least one connecting element form part of two distinct reinforcement strips, each being arranged along said path.
  • reinforcement segments of several separate connecting strips are interconnected by the same reinforcing element.
  • said distinct reinforcement strips each comprise first and second reinforcement segments where the first and / or second reinforcement segments are interconnected by connecting elements.
  • the invention also relates to a reinforcement element intended to reinforce a structure comprising a backfill, comprising at least two reinforcing strips with reinforcing segments substantially parallel to each other, where the reinforcing segments of two different reinforcement strips are interconnected. by at least one connecting element and the reinforcing strips are twisted by half a turn between two connecting elements.
  • a reinforcing element may be placed in the cladding to make a structure where the reinforcing segments of several separate connecting strips are interconnected by the same reinforcing element.
  • the reinforcement strips are twisted by half a turn before arranging at least one connecting element on each side of the twisted part.
  • the strip can be set up according to the path as soon as the prefabricated elements are molded with or without a protective sheath.
  • a sleeve insulates the strip from the molded material to protect the reinforcement against premature damage.
  • the reinforcement is provided by polyester fibers, it is known that these poorly admit basic environments such as those found in concrete.
  • the aforementioned sleeve then completes the protection provided by the plastic sheath which coats the polyester fibers of the strip.
  • the reinforcement strips are introduced after the molding and the connection of the reinforcing segments with a connecting element is carried out after introduction of the reinforcing strips in the prefabricated elements.
  • the reinforcement strips can be introduced either after or before the molding. It is generally advantageous to perform it before molding and it is possible to mold the prefabricated elements with reinforcement strips that can be bonded by a connecting element either before or after molding.
  • the incorporation at the time of molding reinforcement strips previously bonded together by connecting elements can be advantageous because it allows to separate the steps of implementation of the process and to prepare the reinforcement strips bonded together independently of the molding step. This can result in significant productivity gains.
  • the two curved portions of the path direct the band towards the same side of the emergence plane.
  • a first possibility is that the path is formed so that the band is received in the two straight portions with a same face of the band oriented towards this side of the emergence plane. The path is then formed so that said face of the strip is placed either on the outer side or on the inner side of the loop located outside the emergence plane.
  • a second possibility is that the path is formed so that the strip is received in one of the two rectilinear portions with one face of the strip facing said side of the emergence plane and in the other of the two rectilinear portions with said face of the strip facing away from said side of the emergence plane.
  • the two curved portions of the path respectively direct the strip towards two opposite sides of the emergence plane
  • the connecting portion of the path has two loops respectively extending the two curved portions of the path and a portion crossing the plane of the plane. emergence and linking together the two loops.
  • the term "reinforcing strip” 2 means a continuous strip. Such a strip may comprise one or more reinforcing segments 82, 83, 84 extending in a reinforced area of the backfill 1. In general, but in a nonlimiting manner, a reinforcing strip comprises two reinforcing segments.
  • the figure 1 illustrates the application of the invention to the construction of a retaining wall in reinforced soil.
  • a compacted embankment 1, in which reinforcements 2 are distributed, is delimited on the front side of the structure by a facing 3 constituted by juxtaposing prefabricated elements 4 in the form of panels, and on the rear side by the ground 5 against which is erected the retaining wall.
  • Reinforcements 2 consist of synthetic reinforcements in the form of flexible strips extending in horizontal planes behind the facing 3. It may in particular be reinforcing strips based on polyethylene fibers wrapped in polyethylene.
  • the reinforcing strips 2 are attached to the prefabricated elements 4 assembled to form the facing 3.
  • These elements 4 are typically made of reinforced concrete. In the example shown, they are in the form of panels. They could also have other forms, including block.
  • one or more reinforcement strips 2 are installed in the mold along a path described below in order to perform the strip-element anchoring. After taking the concrete, each band has two sections that leave the element to be installed in the embankment.
  • the two sections of a strip 2 are in the same plane emergence P (perpendicular to the plane of the figure 2 ).
  • the elements 4 are oriented so that the emergence plane is horizontal.
  • the figure 2 shows a facing element that can be used in certain embodiments of the invention.
  • this element 4 is made of molded concrete.
  • a reinforcing strip 2 is placed in the mold when casting the concrete and maintained until the setting of the concrete. Its guidance can be achieved using the reinforcing bars of the concrete (not shown), possibly supplemented by rods or deflection members attached to these bars, so that the band follows the desired path in the anchoring zone. This path is defined inside the element 4 between the two points 6 of emergence of the two sections of the strip on the rear face 7 of the element (face adjacent to the backfill).
  • Each rectilinear portion 81 of the path of the strip is extended by a respective curved portion 9 where the strip is deflected out of the emergence plane P. Beyond this curved portion 9, the strip 2 extends along the face before the element, a little behind this front so as not to be visible on the surface of the book.
  • the two curved portions 9 are interconnected by a connecting portion which has a loop 10 located outside the emergence plane P.
  • the strip is directed towards the same side P1 of the emergence plane P in the two curved portions 9 of its path within the facing element 4.
  • This path is formed so that (i) two rectilinear portions 8, the strip has the same face oriented towards the side P1 of the emergence plane, and (ii) that this face of the strip is placed on the outer side of the loop 10. Consequently, in the middle of the Loop 10, the band is placed substantially perpendicularly to the rear face 7 of the element.
  • Two reinforcing segments 82 each extend a rectilinear portion 81 of said path, beyond an emergence point 6.
  • a rectilinear portion 81 extended by a reinforcing segment 82 constitutes a rectilinear portion 8 of a reinforcing strip 2.
  • two straight portions 8 of the same reinforcing strip are arranged substantially parallel.
  • the two reinforcing segments 82 are interconnected by a plurality of connecting elements 11, constituted in the illustrated example of a strip of the same nature as the reinforcing strip 2. These binding strips 11 can be stapled, glued or connected. by any other means to the reinforcing segments 82 in an area 111.
  • the connecting elements 11 are arranged at an angle ⁇ substantially equal to 90 °, where the angle ⁇ measures the angular difference in the plane P between the axis 80 of a reinforcing segment 82 and the axis 110 of a connecting element 11.
  • the Figures 4 to 8 illustrate different embodiments where reinforcing strips 2 follow a path 20 and where a plurality of connecting elements 12, 13 connect together reinforcing segments 84, 83 of a plurality of separate reinforcing strips 2.
  • the reinforcing strips 2 comprise a first 84 and a second 83 reinforcement segments.
  • the first reinforcing segments 84 of several reinforcing strips 2 are interconnected by a plurality of connecting elements 12 and the second reinforcing segments 83 of the same reinforcing strips 2 are interconnected by a plurality of connecting elements. 13.
  • the connecting elements 12 and 13 are arranged at an angle ⁇ substantially equal to 90 °, where the angle ⁇ measures the angular difference in the plane P between the axis 80 of a reinforcing segment, for example 84 and the axis, for example 120 of a connecting element 12 .
  • the connecting elements 13 which interconnect the second reinforcing segments 83 are arranged below the first reinforcing segments 84. These connecting elements 13 are connected, in particular by stapling or gluing, from above. the second reinforcing segments 83 in zones 131 and pass under the first reinforcing segments 84 in zones 132.
  • the connecting elements 12 which interconnect the first reinforcing segments 84 are connected, in particular by stapling or gluing, to the underside of the first reinforcing segments 84 in zones 121. These connecting elements 12 are arranged above the second reinforcing segments 83 in zones 122.
  • the figure 4 represents an embodiment where the path 20 is similar to that shown in FIG. figure 3 to the description of which one can refer and where a loop 10 is part of the path 20.
  • the loop 101 of the path 20 is oriented in the opposite direction, that is to say that the face of the band oriented towards the side P1 of the emergence plane is placed on the inner side of the loop 101.
  • the strip follows one of the two rectilinear portions 81 of its path 20 with one of its two faces oriented towards the side P1 of the emergence plane P and the other of the two rectilinear portions 81 with said face oriented towards the P2 side the emergence plane opposite the side P1 and thus forms a loop 102.
  • the band is twisted twice by half a turn, in a first and a second direction to form the loop 103 of the path 20.
  • the upper face of the band on the side of the first reinforcing segment 84 is then the same as that on the side of the second segment of reinforcement 83 of the same band 2.
  • the figure 8 shows an example in which the connecting portion interconnecting the two curved portions 9 comprises two loops 104 on either side of the plane P.
  • the two curved portions 9 of the path respectively direct the band towards the two opposed sides P1, P2 of the emergence plane P.
  • the connecting portion has a portion 21 which passes through the plane P and interconnects the two loops 104.
  • loops 101, 102, 103, 104 represented respectively in Figures 5 to 8 can substitute for the loop 10 represented in figure 3 to achieve alternative embodiments of the invention to that shown.
  • the width of the reinforcing strip 2 is less than or equal to at least half the thickness of the facing element 4. This thickness is typically between 14 and 16 cm. It will then be possible to use strips approximately 45 mm wide.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 have reinforcement elements used in the context of the invention, wherein three reinforcement strips 2 are arranged in parallel. Each of these strips comprises reinforcing segments 83a, 84a disposed on one side and the other of an axis passing in the middle of the strips 2. These reinforcing elements 83a, 84a are interconnected by a plurality of elements 13a, 12a, here represented as part of strips of the same nature as the strips 2.
  • the figure 9 represents a case where the faces of the strips 3 have a constant orientation all along their length.
  • a reinforcing element may for example be manufactured by laying the strips flat and stapling the connecting elements 12a, 13a to the reinforcing segments, respectively 84a, 83a.
  • Such a reinforcing element is particularly advantageous because it can be folded, according to the direction of the arrow shown, the portion comprising the reinforcing segments 84a and the connecting elements 12a over the portion comprising the reinforcing segments 83a and the connecting elements 13a.
  • a loop is then obtained in the central zone of the reinforcing element between each pair of reinforcement segments 83a, 84a.
  • the reinforcing element can then be placed in a mold and a prefabricated element can be produced after molding, in particular with concrete. After disposal in a backfill to be reinforced, we obtain the configuration represented in figure 6 where loops 102 are formed.
  • the reinforcing segments 83a and 84a of the reinforcing element thus become the reinforcement segments 83 and 84 shown in FIG. figure 6
  • the connecting elements of the reinforcing element 12a, 13a thus become the connecting elements 12, 13.
  • the figure 10 represents a case where the faces of the reinforcement strips have a change of orientation.
  • a reinforcing element may for example be manufactured by laying the reinforcing strips 2 flat and twisting them by a half-turn in the region 800, located for example substantially in the middle of the reinforcing strips 2.
  • the loops which are thus formed are of the type of loops 103 represented in figure 7 .
  • the proposed reinforcement method using a siding of a reinforced soil structure and reinforcing strips, is compatible with a large number of work configurations, band lengths, densities of installation of bands, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
EP08775656.5A 2007-03-05 2008-02-29 Ouvrage en sol renforce et elements de renfort pour sa construction Not-in-force EP2118384B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0701579A FR2913436B1 (fr) 2007-03-05 2007-03-05 Ouvrage en sol renforce et elements de renfort pour sa construction
PCT/FR2008/050347 WO2008122733A1 (fr) 2007-03-05 2008-02-29 Ouvrage en sol renforce et elements de renfort pour sa construction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2118384A1 EP2118384A1 (fr) 2009-11-18
EP2118384B1 true EP2118384B1 (fr) 2016-05-04

Family

ID=38606823

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08775656.5A Not-in-force EP2118384B1 (fr) 2007-03-05 2008-02-29 Ouvrage en sol renforce et elements de renfort pour sa construction

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8011859B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP2118384B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5349339B2 (ja)
FR (1) FR2913436B1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2008122733A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2939157B1 (fr) * 2008-12-02 2013-02-15 Terre Armee Int Ouvrage en sol renforce et elements de parement pour sa construction
US9273443B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2016-03-01 Terre Armee Internationale Building with reinforced ground
FR2969673B1 (fr) * 2010-12-23 2013-02-08 Terre Armee Int Procede de modification d'un ouvrage en sol renforce
BR112014006774A2 (pt) * 2011-09-27 2017-03-28 Garzon Lavih método para formar uma parede de retenção, e parede de retenção correspondente
US9593455B2 (en) * 2013-09-04 2017-03-14 Thursday Pools Geotextile sheeting stabilized fiberglass swimming pool body
US20150078838A1 (en) * 2013-09-18 2015-03-19 Kenneth Shaw Horizontal connection for mechanically stabilized earth walls
GB2583136A (en) * 2019-04-18 2020-10-21 Geostone Ltd Reinforced wall face panel
WO2023073394A1 (en) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-04 Soletanche Freyssinet Reinforcement member for a stabilized soil structure, and stabilized soil structure including such reinforcement member

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2753243A1 (de) * 1977-11-29 1979-06-07 Bayer Ag Bewehrung von armierten erdbauwerken
US4343571A (en) * 1978-07-13 1982-08-10 Soil Structures International Limited Reinforced earth structures
JPH02129449U (ja) * 1989-04-01 1990-10-25
US5807030A (en) 1993-03-31 1998-09-15 The Reinforced Earth Company Stabilizing elements for mechanically stabilized earthen structure
US6079908A (en) * 1993-03-31 2000-06-27 Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri Vidal Stabilizing elements for mechanically stabilized earthen structure and mechanically stabilized earthen structure
US5624211A (en) * 1993-03-31 1997-04-29 Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri C. Vidal Modular block retaining wall construction and components
JP3561811B2 (ja) * 1994-11-30 2004-09-02 タキロン株式会社 高強度網体
CA2182430A1 (en) * 1995-08-18 1997-02-19 Michael Joseph Cowell Facing element for a stabilised earth structure
GB9720632D0 (en) * 1997-09-29 1997-11-26 Price Douglas P Soil reinforcement
FR2803610B1 (fr) * 2000-01-07 2002-09-27 Freyssinet Int Stup Systeme d'attache d'une bande d'armature a une paroi d'un ouvrage de soutenement et dispositif de pose dudit systeme
JP2002227206A (ja) * 2001-01-30 2002-08-14 Gamagoori Hyakka Center:Kk 補強盛土構造体
US7399144B2 (en) * 2003-02-25 2008-07-15 Michael Charles Kallen Apparatus and method for stabilizing an earthen embankment
JP3918011B2 (ja) * 2003-12-30 2007-05-23 サムヤン コーポレイション 繊維補強高分子ストリップからなったジオグリッドの製造方法
FR2878268B1 (fr) * 2004-11-25 2007-02-09 Freyssinet Internat Stup Soc P Ouvrage en sol renforce et elements de parement pour sa construction
US7850400B2 (en) * 2004-11-25 2010-12-14 Freyssinet International (Stup) Stabilized soil structure and facing elements for its construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8011859B2 (en) 2011-09-06
US20100092249A1 (en) 2010-04-15
JP2010520390A (ja) 2010-06-10
FR2913436A1 (fr) 2008-09-12
EP2118384A1 (fr) 2009-11-18
WO2008122733A1 (fr) 2008-10-16
JP5349339B2 (ja) 2013-11-20
FR2913436B1 (fr) 2009-05-29

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