EP2115283A2

EP2115283A2 - Domestic energy supply system

Info

Publication number: EP2115283A2
Application number: EP07817439A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Karl Wohllaib
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-08-26
Filing date: 2007-08-23
Publication date: 2009-11-11
Also published as: DE102006040147B4; AU2007291715A1; US20090205335A1; WO2008025334A3; WO2008025334A2; DE102006040147A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a domestic energy supply system (1), wherein the thermal energy of the temperature difference between at least one heat source (2, 3, 4) and at least one heat sink (5, 6, 7) is converted into work by means of a thermal engine (8), wherein the thermal engine has a fluid cycle with at least two reservoirs (9, 10), which, in each case as a condenser to be cooled or an evaporator to be heated, are thermally coupled to the heat source or the heat sink, wherein a working temperature difference between the reservoirs of approximately 10° to 200° is set at a working temperature of 30° to 280°C, wherein the thermal engine has a hybrid motor (11) in the form of a combination of a pressure media motor and an internal combustion engine, in which firstly a pressure difference of the fluid as a result of the working temperature difference is used for driving purposes and secondly fuel is combusted and converted into work. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for controlling such a system.

Description

Domestic energy supply system

The invention relates to a domestic energy supply system, in particular for supplying a house and / or a vehicle with electricity and / or heat and / or compressed air.

To save energy and conserve resources, it is desirable for a house to achieve the most effective use of energy.

From WO 2004 005676 Al a heat engineering power plant has become known, in which a temperature difference between a heat source and a heat sink is exploited, wherein an inner closed circuit is provided, which circuit comprises at least two connected to a circuit heat exchanger through which a medium The heat exchangers can each be cooled or heated from the outside in the interior, as a result of which they can work either as an evaporator or as a condenser for the medium circulating therein, the heat source and the heat sink respectively can be assigned to either a first heat exchanger or a second heat exchanger, wherein carried by the caused by the heat source and the heat sink temperature difference of the heat exchanger, a transport from the medium from one heat exchanger to the other.

The object of the invention is to provide a home energy supply system, in which an optimized use of energy is possible, in particular one compared to the

RFSTΔTir ;! IMftSKnPIF State of the art structurally related multiple use of usable energy is possible.

This object is achieved by a domestic energy supply system according to the features of claim 1 and a method for operating such a domestic energy supply system according to claim 11.

According to the invention, a domestic energy supply system, in particular for supplying a house and / or a vehicle with electricity and / or heat and / or compressed air, is proposed, in which at least one of the following heat energy sources is provided:

Sunlight, - hot water from the heating or hot water circuit of an existing oil, pellet or gas heating or a small power plant, district heating,

Waste heat from appliances generating heat loss, in particular a fuel cell, and / or an existing oil, pellet or gas heating, geothermal or storage, at least one of the following heat sinks being provided: - the soil and / or the outside air and / or or a flowing or a stagnant water and / or the hot water or heating flow of the heating or hot water circuit of the existing oil, pellet or gas fired heating and / or a heat storage wherein the heat energy of the temperature difference between the heat source and heat sink is implemented by a heat engine in operation, the heat engine having a fluid circuit with at least two reservoirs, each as a condenser to be cooled or an evaporator to be heated thermally with the heat source or the Heat sink can be connected, wherein a working temperature difference between the reservoirs of about 10 ° to 200 °, is set at a working temperature of 30 ° to 280 ° C, wherein the heat engine comprises a hybrid engine in the form of a combination of pressure medium engine and internal combustion engine, in on the one hand, a pressure difference of the fluid is used due to the working temperature difference to the drive and on the other burned fuel and put into work.

For the purposes of the invention, in a domestic energy supply system in combination or in cooperation with a small power plant, the hybrid engine is provided only as a print media engine.

The invention enables a home energy supply system, for example in the form of a solar block heat and power plant which can be operated with different types of energy and provides different types of energy available.

Preferably, in the pressure medium motor, the pressure difference between each of the connected as an evaporator and a capacitor reservoir is converted into mechanical work.

According to an equally preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that in the pressure medium motor in a compressed air stored compressed air is used to drive.

A development of the invention provides that a heat storage, in particular a water tank, is provided, wherein the heat storage can be used as a heat sink or as a heat source by a purpose provided switchable thermal coupling with the reservoirs.

Another switchable thermal connection of the heat accumulator is advantageously provided, by means of which it can be connected to one of the heat sources and heated.

The advantage is the fluid perfluoropentane or a mixture of perfluoropentane and propane or a mixture of water and ammonia. Other substances with similar properties may also be used.

Preferably, the mixture is adjustable depending on the desired working temperature, the mixing ratio being metered and changed by a mixing device.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a power generator is provided, on which the heat engine performs work.

Advantageously, a compressed air compressor is provided, on which the heat engine performs work

Following is proposed according to an embodiment of the invention that the compressed air compressor is provided for filling the compressed air reservoir, which compressed air for Operating the hybrid engine or used to drive a vehicle.

A control is provided for advantage, which calculates an optimal interconnection of the same due to the current temperatures in the heat sinks, the heat sources and the reservoirs.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for operating a domestic energy supply system according to one of claims 1 to 10 is proposed, which is characterized by the following steps:

- measuring the current temperatures in the heat sinks, the heat sources, the heat storage and the reservoirs, - depending on the measured temperatures selection of a heat source as possible for process control under the preference of solar heat as a heat source,

Use of the heat accumulator either for process control with a heat source as drifting heat sink, or for process control with a heat sink as drifting heat source, wherein a process control is preferred in which the heat accumulator is first heated.

By using the heat accumulator as a heat source or as a heat sink, wherein this is heated or cooled, optimal process control in the heat engine can be achieved without that valuable heat energy is lost at currently hot heat source. In this case, the colder heat storage is switched as a heat sink. If the heat source cools down again, for example at night, the heat storage itself is used as the heat source. Preferably, according to one embodiment of the method, the heat supplied to the heat engine is fed primarily from the solar heat.

Without available solar heat, the heat engine supplied heat is fed to an alternative embodiment of the invention from the geothermal or geothermal storage according to a further embodiment of the method.

Another equally preferred alternative of the method provides that without available solar heat, and without heating demand in the home of the proposed compressed air storage is used to drive the hybrid engine and thus to power generation.

Without available solar heat and without heating demand in the house and also empty compressed air storage of the hybrid engine is operated by an advantageous process step to generate electricity with fuel.

Likewise, can be used as a heat source of advantage without available solar heat and during the normal seasonal heating season, the flow heat of the house heating.

The following may be provided that the heating return of a conventional heating system is used as a heat sink.

During operation of the heat engine with solar heat, the soil is advantageously selected as the heat sink. The waste heat of the hybrid engine occurring during operation of the hybrid engine with fuel is advantageously stored in the heat accumulator.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the method provides that after reaching a preselected maximum temperature in the heat storage, this is used as a heat source.

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings. In detail, the schematic representation in:

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a house energy supply system according to the invention.

The only Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of a home energy supply system 1 for supplying a house and a vehicle with electricity and compressed air.

A heat engine is connected between different thermal energy sources 2 (solar heat), 3 (geothermal) and 4 (house heating) and heat sinks 5, 6 (ground) and 7 (heating return).

In this case, the heat energy of the temperature difference between each one connected heat source (2, 3 or 4) and one heat sink (5, 6 or 7) is implemented by the heat engine 8 in work. For this purpose, the heat engine has a fluid circuit with two reservoirs 9 and 10, which are each thermally connected to the respectively selected heat source or heat sink as a condenser to be cooled or an evaporator to be heated. As the fluid, for example, perfluoropentane or a mixture of perfluoropentane and propane or a mixture of water and ammonia can be selected. In the example shown, for the possible adaptation of the process temperatures of the heat engine, a mixing control 22 is also provided, by means of which the mixture of the fluid circulating between the reservoirs can be adjusted according to the desired working temperature, the mixing ratio being metered and changed by the mixing control.

The working temperature difference between the reservoirs is adjusted from about 10 ° to 200 °, at a working temperature of 30 ° to 280 ° C.

To work in the heat engine is a hybrid engine 11 in the form of a combination of print media engine and

Internal combustion engine provided. In this way, on the one hand, a pressure difference of the fluid due to the working temperature difference to the drive can be used as well as fuel burned and converted into work, if the heat differences of the heat sinks and heat sources should not be sufficient. In the pressure medium motor, the pressure difference between each of the connected as an evaporator and as a capacitor reservoir 9 and 10 is converted into mechanical work.

Therefore, thermal energy of many kinds (sun, geothermal heat, waste heat from fuel cells, waste heat from power plants, remote power plants) could be used as drive energy for the household energy supply system 1. heating, Erdspeicher, ...) serve, which are available as heat sources. But also fuels of all kinds can be used, in the example fuel from a fuel tank 12 and pressure energy, which is provided by gaseous pressurized substances from a compressed air reservoir 13. It is also possible to use electrical energy.

A heat accumulator 15 in the form of a water tank is provided, it being possible to use the heat accumulator as heat sink or as heat source depending on the actual temperature of the medium in the heat accumulator by means of a switchable thermal coupling with the reservoirs 9, 10 provided for this purpose. By means of a switchable thermal connection of the heat accumulator 15, it can be connected to one of the heat sources and heated separately from the process, if there is excess temperature in one of the heat sources, which is not currently used for the heat engine.

A controller 17 is provided which, due to the current temperatures in the heat sinks 5, 6, 7, the heat sources 2, 3, 4, the heat accumulator 15 and the reservoirs 9, 10 calculates an optimal interconnection thereof and by appropriate switching on and off the Controls components.

In the house energy supply system electrical energy, heat energy and pressure energy (gaseous substances under pressure) can be produced. For this purpose, coupled to the hybrid motor power generator 16 and a compressed air compressor 14 is provided, on which the heat engine 8 performs work as needed. If no electrical required rische energy, a compressed air reservoir 13 is filled.

In the example, the following are connected to the household energy supply system as a consumer: a vehicle 17, which is fueled with compressed air to drive its engine, a vehicle 18 which is charged with electrical energy for driving an electric motor, and further electrical consumers 19 and 20, in or at the house are available.

The house energy supply system is designed in such a way that it is adapted to the different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and to the day energy conditions (environment, weather, temperature, sun, wind, clouds, ...) and in operates different operating modifications with respect to the heat source and sink to be used or the selection of the energy form to be used by appropriate Aufschchaltung means of a controller 21.

With the aid of the controller 21 and, if present, the mixing controller 22 for mixing the easily evaporating substance mixture, the different daily energy conditions, the outside temperature, the current operating mode, and further eventualities in the mixing process of easily evaporating mixtures are taken into account.

This control uses the detectable and known parameters to determine the ideal evaporation temperature of the substance mixture for the cyclic steam generation process. The mixing ratio can be recalculated before each evaporation cycle and optimized according to the environmental conditions.

Thermal solar energy is abundantly available in summer with approx. 1 kW / m ^{2 of} irradiation area. This thermal energy, which until now often remains unused, is used to generate electricity or compressed air. These forms of energy can then be stored and used in the home or car. or used for power supply.

An improved temperature potential for the evaporation process, and / or use for transition heating, is achieved by the use of a geothermal probe, in particular for heat dissipation in about 10-100 m depth.

Part of the heat can also be stored in storage facilities, such as geothermal heat storage or water tanks or fed through geothermal energy.

When using the home power supply system e.g. in single or multi-family houses with e.g. Vehicle drive energy supply or with feed into the electrical and heating network, the size of a required here Druckmedienmo- / generator the max. required energy consumption and the usable solar irradiation surface adjusted.

By means of the invention it can be achieved that a domestic power connection to the public electrical network is no longer required or it is additionally used for selling electricity. Furthermore, a part of the energy generated in the household energy supply system (electricity / compressed air), for a Vehicle use (eg in auto-hybrid drive technology) or otherwise provided at least temporarily.

A: Soimmerbetrieb

In summer or always in sunshine, the house energy supply system is mainly powered by thermal solar energy.

In this process, by means of an evaporator, an easily vaporized mixture which has been premixed by the "mixing device", the external energy conditions and the operating modes (for example perfume pentane / alcohol), is heated, evaporated and superheated cyclically.

The vapor mixture is then added e.g. via a print medium hybrid engine (hybrid drive with fuels and / or pressure media), with a steam turbine or the like, according to known methods, cyclically to electrical energy / compressed air and converted into heat.

The electrical energy is generated by means of a generator coupled to the pressure medium hybrid motor, and the optional compressed air is generated by means of a coupled compressor.

The relaxed vapor mixture then passes into the cyclically operating capacitor.

The "mixing control" separates the "first" condensate mixture and the "last" condensate mixture after cooling in the condenser in the auxiliary tank, which condensates in the first tank to a relatively large percentage the most volatile of the composition and in the container two to a very small percentage from the volatile mixture.

After completion of the cyclical evaporation process, the "mixing control" controls the mixing mode of the current evaporation mixture via the currently operating operating modes, the energy conditions (requirements and offers) and the outside temperature (water temperature) "Last" condensate mixture added to a defined part in the liquid to be evaporated in the evaporator to achieve the ideal evaporation temperature.

In order to operate the power plant throughout the year, we primarily use a hybrid print engine which can be operated with pressurized media (eg vapor mixtures from Perflourpentan / alcohol, air) or with fuels (eg rapeseed oil) (see eg patents MDI France ).

Alternatively, for the purposes of the invention, the internal combustion engine or the house heating can be replaced by a gas turbine or a small power plant with a tandem of wood gasifier and Stirling engine to use solid fossil fuels as an energy source.

The superheated vapor mixture from the evaporator is fed to the hybrid print media engine.

After the pressurized medium hybrid motor has been driven, the expanded steam mixture is conveyed by means of cooling water to a ground probe / ground tank and / or to the cooled return water of a heat source. (eg residential building) or condensed with the help of other media / heat accumulators.

Part of the available and generated energy is temporarily stored in pressure accumulators, electric accumulators or hot water storage tanks to ensure the energy supply during the night hours and on cloudy days.

The print media hybrid engine in this mode may also drive a coupled air compressor which in turn generates pressurized air at very high pressures (e.g., 300 bar), e.g. to drive a car, ... can be used.

In the summer months, the house energy supply system can be operated mainly (except on cool days with cloud cover or other heat access s.o.) With solar thermal energy.

About the thermal solar energy accumulate large amounts of heat energy, which by conversion into electricity or compressed air also outside of the house, for example. can be used in the vehicle or for feeding into the grid. The relatively large amount of accumulating heat of condensation is discharged environmentally friendly with geothermal probes or in ground storage.

If electricity / service water is required during the night or when it is cloudy, the above process will run with the energy from water, compressed air or electric storage, .... If the requested electrical energy exceeds the amount of heat required for power generation, eg solar heat and if the heat storage tanks are emptied, the building energy supply system switches to the spring / autumn operation mode (see below).

B: Winter operation

In winter operation, the house energy supply system operates so that the steam generation process is coupled with the heating process or a small power plant.

Heat supply via heating burner system (alternatively solar, geothermal, waste heat, district heating, ...).

Heat emission in the cyclically operating evaporator for evaporation of easily evaporable substance mixture with "current" composition according to the specifications of the "mixing control".

Electric power generation via pressure medium motor / generator

Heat output for heating / hot water.

Heat supply to the heating circuit when condensing easily volatile mixture, into the water return of the heating system.

And heat supply of the waste heat from pressure medium hybrid / generator in the return water.

Thus, the complete waste heat of the evaporation process remains in the heating system. In this mode, water is mainly heated (solar heat support in sunshine or heat storage) with a conventional heater, which is then cyclically used to evaporate an easily vaporized Stoffgemisches.es eg Perflourpentan / alcohol, which was currently mixed, in the evaporator ,

The generated vapor is in turn used to generate electrical energy via the print media hybrid motor / generator. Where the waste heat of the print medium hybrid engine is returned to the heating system.

The highly heated water gives in the evaporator for evaporation of e.g. Perflourpentan-alcohol mixture heat energy and "cools" it to the desired flow temperature of the space heater.

With this flow temperature, the water feeds the heating and domestic water needs in the house.

The cooled heating return water is then used in the condenser to condense the easily evaporated mixture and heats up.

In winter operation, a maximum of electricity / compressed air energy is generated as waste heat energy is generated, which is needed for heating and hot water heating.

However, at least as much as the current domestic power supply needed. If the amount of heat generated exceeds the heating demand and the heat storage tanks are filled up, the domestic energy supply system switches to the operating mode spring / autumn mode (see below).

C: spring / autumn operation

In spring and autumn, when little or no heat energy is needed to heat the house and there is little or no solar radiation, the pressurized hy- brid hybrid motor is also powered by fuels (such as rapeseed oil) for power generation.

The operating mode spring / autumn operation only starts when there is no energy available in the storage facilities and electricity is required.

The print media hybrid engine generates the required electrical energy via the coupled generator. In this process, large amounts of waste heat accumulate, which are intercepted with cooling water and stored in the heat storage. If required, this waste heat is used as heating supply and service water.

If the heat storage tank is filled, the domestic energy supply system switches to summer operation and uses the heat energy of the heat storage as the drive source for the evaporation process (see summer operation).

If the compressed air reservoir is also filled, the domestic energy supply system switches to compressed air operation and supplies the compressed-fluid hybrid motor with compressed drive air for power generation. The compressed air reservoir fills up especially in sunshine and very cold days.

When using the home energy supply system in a very well insulated energy efficient house (<11 heating oil / sqm) can be completely dispensed with the winter mode of operation. And thus on the investment costs of a common heating system.

That The heat energy required for heating and service water is then no greater than the waste heat generated in the generation of electricity for household and car with the print media hybrid engine.

On very cold winter days can also be heated with electrical energy.

An average 4 person household needs about 3000 KWh of electricity per year.

With an efficiency of approx. Μ = 0.2, with multiple heat transfer as described above, approx. 15,000 KWh of heat energy is needed to generate electricity over the year.

On the approx. 80 sunny days we use solar thermal energy to generate electricity.

Every other day of the year we need about 40 kWh of energy in the form of pellets, oil, district heating, ....

The cost of this is currently about the same as the electricity procurement costs. The costs for heat generation for heating / hot water are eliminated because the waste heat of the print media hybrid engine is used for this purpose. And about 80% of the energy used is.

In installation costs we save the power supply costs, meter rental, connection costs, ....

In well-insulated houses also the heating system costs (burners, boilers, ...).

It is planned that the investment costs of the house energy supply system in well insulated houses are not higher than the previous costs for electricity connection and heating system.

An economic benefit arises on very warm summer days with an overproduction of electricity, as well as on very cold days, when the required heat (waste heat) requires a very high power production.

That the excess electrical energy or compressed air energy is e.g. available for a car use; but not all year.

It is useful to use an electric hybrid car or a hybrid-compressed air vehicle which can be operated partly with fossil fuels. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 home energy supply system

2 heat source, solar heat

3 heat source, geothermal energy

4 heat source, home heating

5 heat sink

6 heat sink, soil

7 heat sink, heating return

8 heat engine

9 reservoir

10 reservoir

11 hybrid engine

12 fuel tank

13 compressed air storage

14 Compressed air compressor

15 heat detectors

16 power generator

17 vehicle

18 vehicle

19 consumers

20 consumers

21 control

22 mixing control

Claims

claims

1. Home energy supply system (1), in particular for supplying a house and / or a vehicle with electricity and / or heat and / or compressed air, wherein at least one of the following heat energy sources (2, 3, 4) is provided:

Hot water from the heating or hot water circuit of an existing oil, pellet or gas heating, or small power plant, - district heating,

Waste heat from heat loss generating devices, in particular a fuel cell, and / or an existing oil, pellet or gas heating, geothermal or Erdspeicher, wherein at least one of the following heat sinks (5, 6, 7) is provided: the soil and / or the outside air and / or a flowing or a stagnant water and / or - the hot water or heating flow of the heating or

Hot water circuit of the existing oil, pellet or gas fired heating and / or a heat storage wherein the heat energy of the temperature difference between the heat source (2, 3, 4) and heat sink (5, 6, 7) by a heat engine (8) in work is implemented, wherein the heat engine, a fluid circuit with at least two Re- Servoiren (9, 10), which are each connected as a capacitor to be cooled or an evaporator to be heated thermally connected to the heat source or the heat sink, wherein a working temperature difference between the reservoirs of about 10 ° to 200 °, at a working temperature of 30 ° to 280 ° C, wherein the heat engine comprises a hybrid engine (11) in the form of a combination of pressure medium engine and internal combustion engine, in which on the one hand a pressure difference of the fluid is used due to the working temperature difference to the drive and on the other burned fuel and in Work is being implemented.

2. Domestic energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the pressure medium motor in a compressed air reservoir (13) provided for this purpose compressed air is used for driving.

3. Home energy supply system according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that a heat storage (15), in particular a water tank is provided, wherein the heat storage as a heat sink or as a heat source by a purpose provided switchable thermal coupling with the reservoirs (9, 10 ) can be used .

4. Domestic energy supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that a further switchable thermal connection of the heat accumulator (15) is provided by means of which this can be connected to one of the heat sources and heated.

5. Domestic energy supply system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it e e e c e e e s e that the fluid is perfluoropentane or a mixture of perfluoropentane and propane or a mixture of water and ammonia or the like.

6. Domestic energy supply system according to claim 5, characterized in that e e n e c i e s that the mixture is adjustable depending on the desired operating temperature, wherein the mixing ratio of a mixing device is metered and changed.

7. Home energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a power generator (16) is provided on which the heat engine (8) performs work.

8. Domestic energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a compressed air compressor (14) is provided, on which the heat engine (8) does work.

9. domestic energy supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that the compressed air compressor (14) for filling the compressed air accumulator (13) is provided, wherein the compressed air for operating the hybrid motor (8) or for driving a vehicle ( 17) is used, which is refueled with the compressed air.

10. Home energy supply system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a controller (17) is provided, the heat sources (2, 3, 4) due to the current temperatures in the heat sinks (5, 6, 7) , the heat accumulator (15) and the reservoirs (9, 10) calculates an optimal interconnection of the same and controls by appropriate switching on and off of the components.

11. A method of operating a domestic energy supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, e e c e n e c e e t by the steps:

12. The method according to claim. 11, characterized in that the heat supplied to the heat engine (8) is primarily fed from solar heat as the heat source (2).

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, without available solar heat, the heat supplied to the heat engine (8) is fed alternatively from the geothermal heat as a heat source (3) or a geothermal heat storage.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that e e e c e e n e s that used without available solar heat, and without heating demand in the home of compressed air storage (13) for driving the hybrid motor (11) and thus to generate electricity.

15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that e e e c e e n e that without available solar heat and no heating demand in the house and empty compressed air storage (13) of the hybrid motor (11) is operated to generate electricity with fuel.

16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that without available solar heat and during the heating period, the flow heat of the house heating is used as a heat source (4).

17. Method according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the heating return of a conventional heating system is used as heat sink (7).

18. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized g e k e n e z e c h e s that the earth is selected during operation of the heat engine with solar heat as a heat sink (6).

19. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized e g e e n e c e s e s that in the operation of the hybrid engine (11) with fuel, the waste heat of the hybrid engine in the heat storage (15) is stored.

20. Method according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that after reaching a preselected maximum temperature in the heat accumulator (15), this is used as a further heat source.