EP2110616A2 - Air extraction device - Google Patents

Air extraction device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2110616A2
EP2110616A2 EP09157804A EP09157804A EP2110616A2 EP 2110616 A2 EP2110616 A2 EP 2110616A2 EP 09157804 A EP09157804 A EP 09157804A EP 09157804 A EP09157804 A EP 09157804A EP 2110616 A2 EP2110616 A2 EP 2110616A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
turbine
zone
ventilation system
frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09157804A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2110616B1 (en
EP2110616A3 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Henri Milleville
Benedicte Ribot
Thierry Duforestel
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Electricite de France SA
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Electricite de France SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2110616A2 publication Critical patent/EP2110616A2/en
Publication of EP2110616A3 publication Critical patent/EP2110616A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/18—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates specially adapted for insertion in flat panels, e.g. in door or window-pane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
    • E06B7/10—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses by special construction of the frame members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
    • F24F7/013—Ventilation with forced flow using wall or window fans, displacing air through the wall or window

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of ventilation of buildings, particularly in the context of the rehabilitation of existing buildings.
  • the ventilation system includes a new carpentry, intended to replace the existing carpentry, equipped with an air extraction system using an electric air extraction turbine.
  • the patent application JP 2000 111110 discloses a motorized ventilation system for incorporation into a window.
  • an axial air extraction turbine (5) is arranged so that its axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the upper rail of the window.
  • the turbine is placed directly adjacent to the air inlet zone (3) through which the system draws air.
  • the axial turbine of extraction of air characterized in that the axis of rotation of the axial air extraction turbine, while being included in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane of the window, does not cut not the air inlet zone and in that the distance between the center of rotation of the axial air extraction turbine and the nearest air inlet zone is at least equal to the diameter of the air intake zone. the axial turbine of extraction of air.
  • air inlet zone the zone where the air to be extracted from the interior of the building enters the extraction device.
  • This air inlet zone corresponds to the place where the "through air passage” opens on the "inner face” of the extraction device, that is to say the face of the device that is in contact with the interior of the building.
  • This air inlet zone is generally closed by a grid having a multitude of openings.
  • air outlet zone the area where the air extracted from the interior of the building, after passing through the "through air passage” is rejected to the outside of the building.
  • This air outlet zone corresponds to the place where the "through air passage” opens onto the "outer face” of the extraction device, that is to say on one side of the device in contact with the air outlet. outside the building.
  • This air outlet zone can be open, it can be closed with a grid and / or it can contain the axial air extraction turbine of the device.
  • the plane of the air intake zone is generally a vertical plane parallel to the plane of the wall in which the device is fixed
  • the plane of the air outlet zone may have a different inclination and is in particular a plane horizontal (see Figure 3 ).
  • opening used in the present invention encompasses not only the mobile, operable part of a window or door, but also all types of fixed opening, which contain at least one transparent or translucent surface, but which do not allow the opening of the window.
  • the device comprises several axial air extraction turbines, they are arranged in such a way that none of their axis of rotation intersects the air inlet zone.
  • the ventilation device of the present invention is an improvement of that disclosed in FR 2,870,285 and essentially differs from the latter in that the turbine is an axial turbine, and not a tangential turbine, and in that the air inlet zone, the turbine and the air outlet zone are not not aligned along an axis perpendicular to the wall, as was the case in the initial device.
  • the air extraction turbine is relatively farther away from the air inlet zone, and the closed wall, without openings, between the turbine and the interior of the room constitutes a better acoustic screen than the air inlet area.
  • This acoustic screen effect is all the stronger as the distance between the center of the air extraction turbine and the nearest air inlet zone is large.
  • the distance between the center of rotation of the axial air extraction turbine and the nearest air inlet zone is at least 1.5 times, preferably equal to twice the diameter of the air extraction turbine. This distance is that separating the center of rotation of the turbine, in other words the plane in which the axis of rotation is included, and the beginning of the air intake zone (and not the center of it). .
  • the axis of rotation - while being included in a plane perpendicular to the general plane of the window - is parallel to the plane of the window and therefore to the entrance area of the window.
  • air that is to say the turbine is placed horizontally, as illustrated in the Figure 3 .
  • the turbine is not placed strictly horizontally but has an acute angle with the horizontal, this acute angle up to 45 °. This variant makes it possible to hide the turbine behind an external acoustic screen, which advantageously reduces the level of noise perceived outside the window.
  • the extraction turbine and the air intake zone or zones may be located on the same amount or the same cross member of the frame.
  • the frame comprises several uprights and / or sleepers, for example an upright and a cross member, two uprights and a cross member, an upright and two sleepers or two uprights and two crosspieces
  • the extraction turbine is preferably located at the level of one of the amounts or sleepers sleepers and the air inlet area or zones are preferably located on at least one of the other uprights and / or sleeper sleepers.
  • the noise nuisance is particularly low when the axial extraction air turbine is located at the upper rail.
  • the air inlet zone or zones can then be located on the lateral uprights and / or on the bottom rail.
  • the air extraction turbine and an air inlet zone are both located at the same cross, preferably at the upper rail. In this case they are of course sufficiently offset with respect to each other so that the axis of rotation of the turbine does not cut through said input zone.
  • a fourth source of noise pollution namely direct through noise, coming from outside the building.
  • the solid conduction of the vibration of the motor can be reduced in known manner by inserting acoustic switches between the turbine and its support integral with the frame.
  • This insertion of acoustic breakers made it possible to achieve a further attenuation of the normalized acoustic pressure, measured at 1 m distance, between 4 and 9 dB (A) depending on the speed of rotation of the turbine.
  • a reduction of the noise due to the rapid passage of the extracted air at the openings in the air inlet zone is achieved in the present invention by an increase in the area of said air inlet area and by consequently the total area of the openings of the grid covering it. Indeed, for a given air flow, sucked by the turbine, the speed of the air flow at the air inlet zone is even lower than the surface openings in this area is important . Therefore, in one embodiment of the device of the present invention, the ratio of the total area of the apertures of the at least one grid covering the air inlet area to the turbine ventilation surface is at least equal to 1.5 preferably between 2 and 5.
  • the air inlet zone can extend over almost the entire length and / or width of the other crossbar, and possibly also on some or all of the surface or the amounts.
  • the Figure 1 Such an embodiment is illustrated in the Figure 1 .
  • At least one axial air extraction turbine is located in the air outlet zone and has a horizontal inclination so that the axis of rotation of said turbine is vertical and parallel to the general plane of the frame, the opening and the wall in which the device is integrated.
  • the frame of the device of the present invention can in principle be any material conventionally used for joinery, for example wood, metal, especially aluminum, or plastic, for example poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC).
  • PVC poly (vinyl chloride)
  • the realization of a through channel which extends over several amounts and / or sleepers of the opening can however be difficult for wood joinery.
  • the creation of the through channel will indeed require machining in the mass of parts forming the frame.
  • the frame or the amounts and / or sleepers constituting it are sections double-compartment or multi-compartment hollow: at least one first compartment, preferably extending over substantially all of said component of the frame (amount or cross-member), is a closed compartment containing a stationary gas, for example air.
  • This closed compartment essentially provides a thermal insulation function and is preferably in contact with the outer surface of the component of the frame.
  • a thermal bridge breaker made of a material with low thermal conduction, in order to limit conductive heat loss between the surface. the frame in contact with the interior of the building and the one in contact with the outside of the building.
  • a second compartment extending parallel to the first, is an open compartment which is preferably in contact with the inner surface of the elements constituting the frame.
  • the open compartments of the uprights and crosspieces obviously communicate with each other and form, after assembly of the opening, the channel or passage of air passing from the air inlet zone to the exit zone air.
  • the two compartments preferably extend parallel to each other, substantially over the entire surface of the frame or studs and / or cross members constituting it.
  • the Applicant further proposes to reduce as much as possible and optimally the operating speed of the air extraction turbine by adding a control system according to the rate relative humidity of the extracted air.
  • the Applicant proposes the use of a Hall effect electronic switching direct current electric motor.
  • a Hall effect electronic switching direct current electric motor Such a motor, connected to a hygrometric sensor delivering a voltage proportional to the degree of hygrometry of the extracted air makes it possible to vary very gradually the speed of rotation of the turbine, and therefore the noise associated with it, depending on the degree of hygrometry of the extracted air, and this while improving the energy efficiency of the system.
  • the hygrometry sensor is preferably located in the extracted air stream in the air inlet zone of the through-chamber.
  • Such a motor-sensor system thus favors continuous operation at a low modulating speed, as opposed to discontinuous operation of the motor at a strong and constant speed known in the state of the art.
  • the ventilation system therefore comprises one or more photovoltaic panels connected to the motor of the turbine so as to supply the latter with direct current via a system for storing and regulating energy. electric (accumulator).
  • the supply voltages of commercially available electronic commutation motors generally between 12 and 85 V, are fully compatible with the DC voltages supplied by the standard photovoltaic panels also available on the market.
  • the photovoltaic panels can, of course, be installed independently of the ventilation system on the roof or the exterior wall of the building.
  • the photovoltaic panels are however closely associated with the ventilation system.
  • rigid monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline panels they can be arranged, in the manner of a blind to the outside of the wall so as to maximize the capture surface while ensuring a role of sunscreen .
  • the inclination of such a device could be adjusted automatically according to the direction of the sun.
  • photovoltaic systems in very thin layers, transparent, deposited on glass, have been available for some time on the market and could be used as transparent and / or translucent surfaces of the opening of the device of the present invention.
  • the advantage of such a system lies in its large capture area.
  • the photovoltaic panel or panels are preferably arranged so as to protect at least a portion of the transparent or translucent surface of the opening against solar radiation.
  • the power supply system with one or more photovoltaic panels must be associated with a storage and regulation system.
  • electrical energy familiar to the skilled person.
  • This storage and regulation system is preferably a compact battery, compatible with the DC power supply of the turbine engine. It can be easily accommodated in the through air passage or in any other place of the joinery made accessible for possible maintenance.
  • the figure 1 is a window, fixed in the masonry 9 of a wall, comprising an opening 1 with a glazed surface 5 and a frame consisting of two uprights 3 and two cross members 4a, 4b.
  • the two uprights 3 and the lower crossbar 4b each comprise, on their inner face, a long air inlet zone 6 closed by a grid.
  • the upper cross member 4a has, on its outer face, an air outlet zone 7 in which is fixed, an air extraction turbine 8 in vertical position via acoustic breakers 11.
  • the upper cross member 4a unlike the other three elements 3.4b forming the frame, has no air inlet zone but is closed over the entire extent of its inner face.
  • the axis of rotation of the turbine 8 thus does not cut any of the three air inlet zones 6 of the window and the inner face of the upper cross member 4a advantageously constitutes an acoustic shield which reduces the propagation of the noise of the turbine towards inside the room.
  • the amounts and crosspieces of the window are hollow profiles forming, thanks to the interconnection of their internal compartments, at the junctions between the uprights and cross members, a passage for the extracted air.
  • the figure 2 illustrates a variant of the embodiment of the figure 1 where the extraction turbine 8 and the single air inlet zone 6 are both located at the upper rail 4a.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the upper cross member 4a is the only part modified compared to a conventional carpentry.
  • figure 3 illustrates an embodiment with horizontal implantation of the air extraction turbine 8.
  • the window shown in this figure comprises an opening 1 with a glass surface 5, and a frame whose only upper cross 4a and lower 4b are visible.
  • the air extraction turbine 8 is inserted horizontally, via acoustic switches 11, into the bottom of a box 10 in fluid communication with the interior of the upper rail 4a.
  • the axis of rotation of the turbine (dashed) is parallel to the plane of the air inlet zone 6.
  • the turbine 8 is inserted at a lower level than the air inlet zone 6 of the transom superior 4a.
  • the upper cross member 4a and the lower cross member 4b each comprise an air inlet zone 6 closed by a grid.
  • the lower crossbar 4b is a double compartment section, comprising an open compartment 12a, opening at the air intake zone, in which the air extracted from the interior of the building circulates, and a closed compartment 12b, in contact with the face of the crosses turned towards the outside of the building.
  • This closed compartment 12b contains a stationary gas and has a thermal insulation function.
  • the ventilation systems described in the present application thanks to an assembly geometry of the various elements that compose them, and in particular thanks to the extended surface of the air intake zones and to the fact that the axis of rotation extraction turbine does not cut any of these air inlet zones, have an extremely low noise.
  • the Applicant has made comparative measurements of the normalized acoustic pressure, LnAT, expressed in dB (A), in order to show the superiority of the horizontal position (vertical axis of rotation) of the turbine with respect to the vertical position (axis of horizontal rotation).
  • This normalized acoustic pressure LnAT, expressed in dB (A) corresponds to a normed global value, associated with a weighting of type A corresponding to the sensitivity of the human ear to the different frequencies.
  • the fan turbine used has an intrinsic noise level of 51 dB (A) when running alone at full power (high speed, GV), that is to say at a speed of 4500 rpm providing a flow rate nominal air of 204 m 3 / h.
  • the Applicant has thus recorded a normalized sound pressure equal to 43.1 dB (A) for a ventilation turbine arranged in the manner presented in the abstract figure of the application.
  • JP 2000 111110 that is to say perpendicularly and directly adjacent to the air inlet zone.
  • the Applicant has recorded a sound pressure of only 34.3 dB (A), which corresponds to a gain of 8.8 dB (A).
  • the Applicant measured the normalized sound pressure, expressed in dB (A), of a turbine in a horizontal position (vertical axis of rotation) or in a position directly adjacent to the zone. air inlet, is arranged so that the distance between the center of the turbine and the edge of the air inlet zone is equal to the diameter of the turbine. The measures were performed for a turbine running at full speed (4500 rpm)
  • the table above shows the sound pressure values recorded for a system - without sound dampers arranged in the air extraction box or acoustic breakers (column 1) - with sound dampers but without acoustic breakers (column 2) - with sound dampers and acoustic breakers (column 3) Vertical turbine position Without sound dampers or acoustic breakers With sound dampers at the air extraction box With sound dampers and acoustic breakers Adjacent turbine 62.6 62.1 57.2 Distance: 1 diameter 60.0 56.2 53.7 Gain 2.6 5.9 3.5

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)

Abstract

The system has a wooden joinery e.g. window, whose traversing air passage extends from an air inlet zone (6) to an air outlet zone (7), where the inlet and the outlet zones are located on interior and exterior faces of a frame, respectively. An axial turbine (8) extracting air is located in the outlet zone or the passage at distance from the inlet zone. A rotational axis of the turbine is placed in a plane perpendicular to a plane of the window and does not cut the inlet zone. Distance between a rotation center of the turbine and the inlet zone is equal to diameter of the turbine.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine technique de la ventilation de bâtiments, en particulier dans le cadre de la réhabilitation de bâtiments existants.The present invention relates to the technical field of ventilation of buildings, particularly in the context of the rehabilitation of existing buildings.

Elle concerne en particulier un système de ventilation pour un volume fermé d'un bâtiment, comme par exemple une pièce d'un logement comportant des menuiseries existantes telles que des fenêtres, portes ou porte-fenêtres. Le système de ventilation comporte une menuiserie neuve, destinée à remplacer la menuiserie existante, pourvue d'un système d'extraction d'air utilisant une turbine extraction d'air électrique.It relates in particular to a ventilation system for a closed volume of a building, such as a room in a dwelling with existing joinery such as windows, doors or French windows. The ventilation system includes a new carpentry, intended to replace the existing carpentry, equipped with an air extraction system using an electric air extraction turbine.

Un tel système de ventilation associant une menuiserie de type porte ou fenêtre à un système d'extraction d'air à turbine électrique, est connu de la demande de brevet français FR 2 870 285 au nom de la Demanderesse. Cette demande divulgue un système de ventilation comportant :

  • une menuiserie du type comportant un ouvrant et un dormant, ledit dormant comportant une chambre traversante, et
  • un extracteur d'air disposé dans ladite chambre traversante et comportant une turbine d'extraction d'air, un capot entourant ladite turbine et un moyen d'alimentation électrique de ladite turbine.
Such a ventilation system associating a door or window type joinery to an electric turbine air extraction system is known from the French patent application. FR 2,870,285 in the name of the Claimant. This application discloses a ventilation system comprising:
  • a carpentry of the type comprising an opening and a frame, said frame comprising a through chamber, and
  • an air extractor disposed in said through chamber and having an air extraction turbine, a cover surrounding said turbine and a power supply means of said turbine.

Dans le cadre d'une première phase d'industrialisation, différents problèmes non envisagés au moment du dépôt de la demande FR 2 870 285 se sont présentés et des objectifs supplémentaires sont apparus.
Le premier problème était lié à la faible durée de vie des turbines d'extraction d'air tangentielles, recommandées dans ce document. La Demanderesse a ainsi constaté qu'il était préférable d'utiliser des turbines axiales d'extraction d'air, qui atteignent classiquement des durées de vie de l'ordre de plus de 70 000 heures, alors que la durée de vie des turbines tangentielles dépasse rarement 50 000 heures sans maintenance. Le remplacement des turbines tangentielles par des turbines axiales dans un système d'extraction d'air relativement compact tel que celui décrit dans FR 2 870 285 , où la zone d'entrée d'air, la turbine et la zone de sortie d'air sont étroitement associées dans une même chambre traversante, pose toutefois des problèmes de nuisances sonores liés au fonctionnement permanent de la turbine.As part of a first phase of industrialization, various problems not envisaged at the time of filing the application FR 2,870,285 presented themselves and additional objectives appeared.
The first problem was related to the short life of tangential air extraction turbines, recommended in this paper. The Applicant has thus found that it is preferable to use axial extraction air turbines, which typically reach lifetimes of the order of more than 70,000 hours, while the life of tangential turbines rarely exceeds 50,000 hours without maintenance. The replacement of tangential turbines by axial turbines in a relatively compact air extraction system such as that described in FR 2,870,285 , where the air inlet zone, the turbine and the air outlet zone are closely associated in the same through chamber, however, poses noise problems related to the permanent operation of the turbine.

La demande de brevet JP 2000 111110 divulgue un système de ventilation motorisé à incorporer dans une fenêtre. Dans ce système, une turbine axiale d'extraction d'air (5) est disposée de manière à ce que son axe de rotation soit essentiellement parallèle à la traverse supérieure de la fenêtre. Dans l'ensemble des figures de cette demande, la turbine est placée de façon directement adjacente à la zone d'entrée d'air (3) par laquelle le système aspire l'air. Bien qu'un des problèmes formulés dans la demande soit la réduction du bruit, il est évident au vu des figures 1 à 4 que cette réduction ne peut être que très imparfaite car le système de ventilation ne prévoit aucun écran acoustique efficace. Autrement dit, l'observateur debout devant la fenêtre à l'intérieur de la pièce, peut voir et entendre les hélices de la turbine en rotation au cours de son fonctionnement.The patent application JP 2000 111110 discloses a motorized ventilation system for incorporation into a window. In this system, an axial air extraction turbine (5) is arranged so that its axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the upper rail of the window. In all of the figures of this application, the turbine is placed directly adjacent to the air inlet zone (3) through which the system draws air. Although one of the problems formulated in the application is the reduction of noise, it is clear from the Figures 1 to 4 this reduction can only be very imperfect because the ventilation system does not provide any effective acoustic screen. In other words, the observer standing in front of the window inside the piece, can see and hear the propellers of the rotating turbine during its operation.

La Demanderesse a constaté qu'il était possible de réduire considérablement le bruit de la turbine, perçu à l'intérieur de la pièce,

  • en éloignant la turbine suffisamment de la zone d'entrée d'air pour que son axe de rotation ne coupe pas la zone d'entrée d'air, et/ou
  • en donnant à la turbine une inclinaison telle que son axe de rotation ne coupe pas la zone d'entrée d'air, par exemple une inclinaison horizontale avec un axe de rotation sensiblement vertical parallèle à la zone d'entrée d'air verticale située sur la face intérieur du dormant.
The Applicant has found that it is possible to significantly reduce the noise of the turbine, perceived inside the room,
  • by moving the turbine sufficiently far from the air inlet zone so that its axis of rotation does not cut the air inlet zone, and / or
  • by giving the turbine an inclination such that its axis of rotation does not intersect the air inlet zone, for example a horizontal inclination with a substantially vertical axis of rotation parallel to the vertical air intake zone situated on the inside of the frame.

La présente invention a ainsi pour objet un système de ventilation destiné à extraire l'air de l'intérieur d'un bâtiment et de le rejeter vers l'extérieur de celui-ci, ledit système comprenant une menuiserie du type comportant

  • un ouvrant comportant de préférence une surface transparente ou translucide,
  • un dormant formé par un ou plusieurs montants et/ou traverses, ledit dormant comportant un passage d'air traversant s'étendant d'au moins une zone d'entrée d'air, fermée par une grille, située sur la face intérieure du dormant, jusqu'à une zone de sortie d'air située sur la face extérieure du dormant, et
  • au moins une turbine axiale d'extraction d'air équipée d'un moteur électrique, située dans la zone de sortie d'air ou dans le passage d'air à une
The present invention thus relates to a ventilation system for extracting air from inside a building and rejecting it to the outside thereof, said system comprising a carpentry of the type comprising
  • an opening preferably having a transparent or translucent surface,
  • a frame formed by one or more posts and / or sleepers, said frame comprising a through air passage extending from at least one air inlet zone, closed by a grid, located on the inside face of the frame , to an air outlet zone located on the outer face of the frame, and
  • at least one axial extraction turbine equipped with an electric motor located in the zone of air outlet or in the air passage to a

certaine distance de la zone d'entrée d'air, caractérisé par le fait que l'axe de rotation de la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air, tout en étant compris dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan de la fenêtre, ne coupe pas la zone d'entrée d'air et par le fait que la distance entre le centre de rotation de la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air et la zone d'entrée d'air la plus proche est au moins égale au diamètre de la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air.certain distance from the air inlet zone, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the axial air extraction turbine, while being included in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane of the window, does not cut not the air inlet zone and in that the distance between the center of rotation of the axial air extraction turbine and the nearest air inlet zone is at least equal to the diameter of the air intake zone. the axial turbine of extraction of air.

Ce n'est en effet que la combinaison de ces caractéristiques techniques, à savoir

  1. (a) un axe de rotation compris dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan de la fenêtre,
  2. (b) un axe de rotation qui ne coupe pas la zone d'entrée d'air, et
  3. (c) une distance suffisante entre l'axe de rotation et la zone d'entrée d'air,
qui permet d'obtenir une réduction du bruit satisfaisante.It is only the combination of these technical characteristics, namely
  1. (a) an axis of rotation in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the window,
  2. (b) an axis of rotation that does not intersect the air inlet zone, and
  3. (c) a sufficient distance between the axis of rotation and the air inlet zone,
which makes it possible to obtain a satisfactory noise reduction.

Dans la présente invention on entend par « zone d'entrée d'air » la zone où l'air à extraire de l'intérieur du bâtiment entre dans le dispositif d'extraction. Cette zone d'entrée d'air correspond à l'endroit où le « passage d'air traversant » débouche sur la « face intérieure » du dispositif d'extraction, c'est-à-dire la face du dispositif qui est en contact avec l'intérieur du bâtiment. Cette zone d'entrée d'air est généralement fermée par une grille comportant une multitude d'ouvertures.In the present invention, the term "air inlet zone" the zone where the air to be extracted from the interior of the building enters the extraction device. This air inlet zone corresponds to the place where the "through air passage" opens on the "inner face" of the extraction device, that is to say the face of the device that is in contact with the interior of the building. This air inlet zone is generally closed by a grid having a multitude of openings.

De manière analogue, on entend par « zone de sortie d'air » la zone où l'air extrait de l'intérieur du bâtiment, après avoir traversé le « passage d'air traversant » est rejeté vers l'extérieur du bâtiment. Cette zone de sortie d'air correspond à l'endroit où le « passage d'air traversant » débouche sur la « face extérieure » du dispositif d'extraction, c'est-à-dire sur une face du dispositif en contact avec l'extérieur du bâtiment. Cette zone de sortie d'air peut être ouverte, elle peut être fermée avec une grille et/ou elle peut contenir la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air du dispositif.Similarly, the term "air outlet zone" the area where the air extracted from the interior of the building, after passing through the "through air passage" is rejected to the outside of the building. This air outlet zone corresponds to the place where the "through air passage" opens onto the "outer face" of the extraction device, that is to say on one side of the device in contact with the air outlet. outside the building. This air outlet zone can be open, it can be closed with a grid and / or it can contain the axial air extraction turbine of the device.

Tandis que le plan de la zone d'entrée d'air est généralement un plan vertical parallèle au plan du mur dans lequel est fixé le dispositif, le plan de la zone de sortie d'air peut avoir une inclinaison différente et est notamment un plan horizontal (voir Figure 3).While the plane of the air intake zone is generally a vertical plane parallel to the plane of the wall in which the device is fixed, the plane of the air outlet zone may have a different inclination and is in particular a plane horizontal (see Figure 3 ).

Le terme « ouvrant » utilisé dans la présente invention englobe non seulement la partie mobile, manoeuvrable, d'une fenêtre ou porte, mais également tous types d'ouvrants fixes, qui contiennent au moins une surface transparente ou translucide, mais qui ne permettent pas l'ouverture de la fenêtre.The term "opening" used in the present invention encompasses not only the mobile, operable part of a window or door, but also all types of fixed opening, which contain at least one transparent or translucent surface, but which do not allow the opening of the window.

Lorsque le dispositif comporte plusieurs turbines axiales d'extraction d'air, celles-ci sont disposées de manière à ce qu'aucun de leur axe de rotation ne coupe la zone d'entrée d'air.When the device comprises several axial air extraction turbines, they are arranged in such a way that none of their axis of rotation intersects the air inlet zone.

Comme indiqué précédemment, le dispositif de ventilation de la présente invention est un perfectionnement de celui divulgué dans FR 2 870 285 et diffère essentiellement de celui-ci par le fait que la turbine est une turbine axiale, et non pas une turbine tangentielle, et par le fait que la zone d'entrée d'air, la turbine et la zone de sortie d'air ne sont pas alignées selon un axe perpendiculaire au mur, comme cela était le cas dans le dispositif initial. Dans la présente invention, la turbine d'extraction d'air se trouve relativement plus éloignée de la zone d'entrée d'air, et la paroi fermée, dépourvue d'ouvertures, entre la turbine et l'intérieur de la pièce constitue un meilleur écran acoustique que la zone d'entrée d'air.As indicated above, the ventilation device of the present invention is an improvement of that disclosed in FR 2,870,285 and essentially differs from the latter in that the turbine is an axial turbine, and not a tangential turbine, and in that the air inlet zone, the turbine and the air outlet zone are not not aligned along an axis perpendicular to the wall, as was the case in the initial device. In the present invention, the air extraction turbine is relatively farther away from the air inlet zone, and the closed wall, without openings, between the turbine and the interior of the room constitutes a better acoustic screen than the air inlet area.

Cet effet d'écran acoustique est d'autant plus fort que la distance entre le centre de la turbine d'extraction d'air et la zone d'entrée d'air la plus proche est grande.This acoustic screen effect is all the stronger as the distance between the center of the air extraction turbine and the nearest air inlet zone is large.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de la présente invention, la distance entre le centre de rotation de la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air et la zone d'entrée d'air la plus proche est au moins égale à 1,5 fois, de préférence égale à deux fois le diamètre de la turbine d'extraction d'air. Cette distance est celle séparant le centre de rotation de la turbine, autrement dit le plan dans lequel est compris l'axe de rotation, et le début de la zone d'entrée d'air (et non pas le centre de celle-ci).In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the center of rotation of the axial air extraction turbine and the nearest air inlet zone is at least 1.5 times, preferably equal to twice the diameter of the air extraction turbine. This distance is that separating the center of rotation of the turbine, in other words the plane in which the axis of rotation is included, and the beginning of the air intake zone (and not the center of it). .

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré du dispositif de la présente invention, l'axe de rotation - tout en étant compris dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan général de la fenêtre - est parallèle au plan de la fenêtre et donc de la zone d'entrée d'air, c'est-à-dire la turbine est placée horizontalement, comme illustré dans la Figure 3. Dans une variante de ce mode de réalisation, la turbine n'est pas placée de façon strictement horizontale mais présente un angle aigu avec l'horizontale, cet angle aigu pouvant aller jusqu'à 45 °. Cette variante permet de cacher la turbine derrière un écran acoustique extérieur, permettant de réduire de façon avantageuse le niveau de bruit perçu à l'extérieur de la fenêtre.In a preferred embodiment of the device of the present invention, the axis of rotation - while being included in a plane perpendicular to the general plane of the window - is parallel to the plane of the window and therefore to the entrance area of the window. air, that is to say the turbine is placed horizontally, as illustrated in the Figure 3 . In a variant of this embodiment, the turbine is not placed strictly horizontally but has an acute angle with the horizontal, this acute angle up to 45 °. This variant makes it possible to hide the turbine behind an external acoustic screen, which advantageously reduces the level of noise perceived outside the window.

La turbine d'extraction et la ou les zones d'entrée d'air peuvent être situées sur un même montant ou une même traverse du dormant. Lorsque le dormant comporte plusieurs montants et/ou traverses, par exemple un montant et une traverse, deux montants et une traverse, un montant et deux traverses ou encore deux montants et deux traverses, la turbine d'extraction est de préférence située au niveau d'un des montants ou traverses du dormant et la ou les zones d'entrée d'air sont de préférence situées sur au moins un des autres montants et/ou traverses du dormant. La nuisance sonore est particulièrement faible lorsque la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air est située au niveau de la traverse supérieure. La ou les zones d'entrée d'air peuvent alors être situées sur les montants latéraux et/ou sur la traverse inférieure.The extraction turbine and the air intake zone or zones may be located on the same amount or the same cross member of the frame. When the frame comprises several uprights and / or sleepers, for example an upright and a cross member, two uprights and a cross member, an upright and two sleepers or two uprights and two crosspieces, the extraction turbine is preferably located at the level of one of the amounts or sleepers sleepers and the air inlet area or zones are preferably located on at least one of the other uprights and / or sleeper sleepers. The noise nuisance is particularly low when the axial extraction air turbine is located at the upper rail. The air inlet zone or zones can then be located on the lateral uprights and / or on the bottom rail.

Il est toutefois également envisageable que la turbine d'extraction d'air et une zone d'entrée d'air soient situées toutes les deux au niveau d'une même traverse, de préférence au niveau de la traverse supérieure. Dans ce cas elles sont bien entendu suffisamment décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre pour que l'axe de rotation de la turbine ne coupe par ladite zone d'entrée.However, it is also conceivable that the air extraction turbine and an air inlet zone are both located at the same cross, preferably at the upper rail. In this case they are of course sufficiently offset with respect to each other so that the axis of rotation of the turbine does not cut through said input zone.

On considère généralement que, dans un système d'extraction d'air utilisant une turbine électrique, la nuisance sonore est due à au moins trois composantes, à savoir

  • le bruit direct du moteur,
  • le bruit dû à la conduction solidienne de la vibration du moteur, et
  • le bruit lié au passage rapide de l'air aspiré au niveau des ouvertures d'entrée d'air.
It is generally considered that, in an air extraction system using an electric turbine, the noise pollution is due to at least three components, namely
  • the direct noise of the motor,
  • the noise due to the solid conduction of the vibration of the motor, and
  • the noise associated with the rapid passage of the air sucked in at the air intake openings.

A ces trois composantes liées au fonctionnement du système s'ajoute une quatrième source de nuisance sonore, à savoir le bruit direct traversant, provenant de l'extérieur du bâtiment.To these three components related to the operation of the system is added a fourth source of noise pollution, namely direct through noise, coming from outside the building.

L'éloignement de la turbine d'extraction de la zone d'entrée d'air décrit ci-dessus permet d'atténuer significativement le bruit direct du moteur. Des essais sur prototype réalisés par la Demanderesse ont permis de mettre en évidence une atténuation de la pression acoustique normalisée, mesurée à 1 m de distance, allant de 2,6 à 5,9 dB(A).The removal of the extraction turbine from the air intake zone described above significantly attenuates the direct noise of the engine. Prototype tests carried out by the Applicant have made it possible to demonstrate a reduction in the standard acoustic pressure, measured at a distance of 1 m, ranging from 2.6 to 5.9 dB (A).

La conduction solidienne de la vibration du moteur peut être réduite de manière connue en insérant des rupteurs acoustiques entre la turbine et son support solidaire du dormant. Cette insertion de rupteurs acoustiques a permis d'aboutir à une atténuation supplémentaire de la pression acoustique normalisée, mesurée à 1 m de distance, comprise entre 4 et 9 dB(A) selon la vitesse de rotation de la turbine.The solid conduction of the vibration of the motor can be reduced in known manner by inserting acoustic switches between the turbine and its support integral with the frame. This insertion of acoustic breakers made it possible to achieve a further attenuation of the normalized acoustic pressure, measured at 1 m distance, between 4 and 9 dB (A) depending on the speed of rotation of the turbine.

De même, l'utilisation d'amortisseurs sonores placés sur la périphérie interne du caisson d'extraction d'air conduit à des atténuations du la pression acoustique normalisée, mesurée à 1 m de distance, comprises entre 2 et 4 dB(A) en fonction de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine.Similarly, the use of sound dampers placed on the inner periphery of the extraction box of air leads to attenuations of the normalized sound pressure, measured at 1 m distance, between 2 and 4 dB (A) depending on the speed of rotation of the turbine.

La combinaison de ces différents moyens permet de tendre vers un niveau acoustique normalisé inférieur ou égal aux niveaux acoustiques définis dans l'arrêté du 30 juin 1999 concernant les systèmes de ventilation pour les bâtiments à usage d'habitation.The combination of these various means makes it possible to tend towards a standardized acoustic level lower than or equal to the acoustic levels defined in the decree of 30 June 1999 concerning ventilation systems for residential buildings.

Une réduction du bruit dû au passage rapide de l'air extrait au niveau des ouvertures dans la zone d'entrée d'air est obtenue dans la présente invention grâce à une augmentation de la surface de ladite zone d'entrée d'air et par conséquent de la surface totale des ouvertures de la grille la recouvrant. En effet, pour un débit d'air donné, aspiré par la turbine, la vitesse du flux d'air au niveau de la zone d'entrée d'air est d'autant plus faible que la surface des ouvertures dans cette zone est importante. Par conséquent, dans un mode de réalisation du dispositif de la présente invention, le rapport de la surface totale des ouvertures de la ou des grilles couvrant la zone d'entrée d'air à la surface de ventilation de la turbine est au moins égal à 1,5 de préférence compris entre 2 et 5.A reduction of the noise due to the rapid passage of the extracted air at the openings in the air inlet zone is achieved in the present invention by an increase in the area of said air inlet area and by consequently the total area of the openings of the grid covering it. Indeed, for a given air flow, sucked by the turbine, the speed of the air flow at the air inlet zone is even lower than the surface openings in this area is important . Therefore, in one embodiment of the device of the present invention, the ratio of the total area of the apertures of the at least one grid covering the air inlet area to the turbine ventilation surface is at least equal to 1.5 preferably between 2 and 5.

Lorsque la turbine d'air est située par exemple dans une zone de sortie d'air au niveau d'une traverse du dormant, par exemple la traverse supérieure, la zone d'entrée d'air peut s'étendre sur presque toute la longueur et/ou largeur de l'autre traverse, et éventuellement aussi sur une partie ou la totalité de la surface du ou des montants. Un tel mode de réalisation est illustré à la Figure 1.When the air turbine is located for example in an air outlet zone at a cross member of the frame, for example the top rail, the air inlet zone can extend over almost the entire length and / or width of the other crossbar, and possibly also on some or all of the surface or the amounts. Such an embodiment is illustrated in the Figure 1 .

Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux de la présente invention, au moins une turbine axiale d'extraction d'air est située dans la zone de sortie d'air et a une inclinaison horizontale de sorte que l'axe de rotation de ladite turbine est vertical et parallèle au plan général du dormant, de l'ouvrant et du mur dans lequel est intégré le dispositif. Ce mode de réalisation permet en effet d'atteindre un niveau de nuisance sonore particulièrement faible.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, at least one axial air extraction turbine is located in the air outlet zone and has a horizontal inclination so that the axis of rotation of said turbine is vertical and parallel to the general plane of the frame, the opening and the wall in which the device is integrated. This embodiment makes it possible to reach a particularly low noise level.

Le dormant du dispositif de la présente invention peut en principe être en n'importe quel matériau utilisé classiquement pour des menuiseries, par exemple en bois, en métal, notamment en aluminium, ou encore en plastique, par exemple en poly(chlorure de vinyle) (PVC). La réalisation d'un canal traversant qui s'étend sur plusieurs montants et/ou traverses de l'ouvrant peut toutefois s'avérer difficile pour des menuiseries en bois. Pour de telles menuiseries en bois, la création du canal traversant nécessitera en effet l'usinage dans la masse des pièces formant le dormant.The frame of the device of the present invention can in principle be any material conventionally used for joinery, for example wood, metal, especially aluminum, or plastic, for example poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC). The realization of a through channel which extends over several amounts and / or sleepers of the opening can however be difficult for wood joinery. For such wood joinery, the creation of the through channel will indeed require machining in the mass of parts forming the frame.

En revanche, la création d'un canal traversant s'étendant dans la totalité du dormant est facile à réaliser en utilisant, en tant que montants et/ou traverses, des profilés creux par exemple en métal ou en plastique.In contrast, the creation of a through channel extending into the entire frame is easy to achieve using, as uprights and / or sleepers, hollow profiles for example metal or plastic.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement intéressant de la présente invention, le dormant ou les montants et/ou traverses le constituant sont des profilés creux à double compartiment ou à compartiments multiples : au moins un premier compartiment, s'étendant de préférence sur la quasi-totalité dudit élément constitutif du dormant (montant ou traverse), est un compartiment fermé contenant un gaz immobile, par exemple de l'air. Ce compartiment fermé assure essentiellement une fonction d'isolation thermique et est de préférence en contact avec la surface extérieure de l'élément constitutif du dormant. Dans le cas de menuiseries en aluminium à profilés constituées de deux compartiments fermés ou plus, on interpose communément entre ces compartiments un rupteur de pont thermique constitué d'un matériau à faible conduction thermique, afin de limiter les pertes de chaleur par conduction entre la surface du dormant en contact avec l'intérieur du bâtiment et celle en contact avec l'extérieur du bâtiment.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the frame or the amounts and / or sleepers constituting it are sections double-compartment or multi-compartment hollow: at least one first compartment, preferably extending over substantially all of said component of the frame (amount or cross-member), is a closed compartment containing a stationary gas, for example air. This closed compartment essentially provides a thermal insulation function and is preferably in contact with the outer surface of the component of the frame. In the case of profiled aluminum joineries consisting of two or more closed compartments, there is commonly interposed between these compartments a thermal bridge breaker made of a material with low thermal conduction, in order to limit conductive heat loss between the surface. the frame in contact with the interior of the building and the one in contact with the outside of the building.

Un second compartiment, s'étendant parallèlement au premier, est un compartiment ouvert qui est de préférence en contact avec la surface intérieure des éléments constitutifs du dormant. Les compartiments ouverts des montants et traverses communiquent bien évidemment les uns avec les autres et forment, après l'assemblage de l'ouvrant, le canal ou passage d'air traversant allant de la zone d'entrée d'air à la zone de sortie d'air.A second compartment, extending parallel to the first, is an open compartment which is preferably in contact with the inner surface of the elements constituting the frame. The open compartments of the uprights and crosspieces obviously communicate with each other and form, after assembly of the opening, the channel or passage of air passing from the air inlet zone to the exit zone air.

Les deux compartiments s'étendent de préférence parallèlement l'un à l'autre, pratiquement sur toute la surface du dormant ou des montants et/ou traverses le constituant.The two compartments preferably extend parallel to each other, substantially over the entire surface of the frame or studs and / or cross members constituting it.

Dans le même souci de réduire la gêne sonore occasionnée par le dispositif, en particulier dans la perspective de son utilisation pour la construction de bâtiments neufs ou en rénovation où les seuils règlementaires des normes européennes harmonisées, relatifs aux nuisances sonores sont particulièrement bas, mais surtout, comme l'homme du métier comprendra facilement, dans l'optique de réduire la consommation d'énergie par unité de volume d'air extrait, la Demanderesse propose en outre de réduire le plus possible et de manière optimisée la vitesse de fonctionnement de la turbine d'extraction d'air en y adjoignant un système de pilotage en fonction du taux d'humidité relative de l'air extrait.In the same concern to reduce the noise nuisance caused by the device, in particular in the perspective of its use for the construction of new buildings or renovation where the regulatory thresholds of harmonized European standards, relating to noise pollution are particularly low, but above all, as the skilled person will understand easily, in order to reduce consumption of energy per unit volume of exhaust air, the Applicant further proposes to reduce as much as possible and optimally the operating speed of the air extraction turbine by adding a control system according to the rate relative humidity of the extracted air.

Pour arriver à une telle modulation de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air, la Demanderesse propose l'utilisation d'un moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation électronique à effet Hall. Un tel moteur, relié à un capteur hygrométrique délivrant une tension électrique proportionnelle au degré d'hygrométrie de l'air extrait permet en effet de faire varier très progressivement la vitesse de rotation de la turbine, et donc le bruit associé à celle-ci, en fonction du degré d'hygrométrie de l'air extrait, et ceci tout en améliorant l'efficacité énergétique du système. Le capteur d'hygrométrie est de préférence situé dans le flux d'air extrait dans la zone d'entrée d'air de la chambre traversante. Un tel système moteur-capteur favorise ainsi un fonctionnement continu à faible régime modulable, par opposition à un fonctionnement discontinu du moteur à un régime fort et constant, connu dans l'état de la technique.To achieve such a modulation of the rotational speed of the axial air extraction turbine, the Applicant proposes the use of a Hall effect electronic switching direct current electric motor. Such a motor, connected to a hygrometric sensor delivering a voltage proportional to the degree of hygrometry of the extracted air makes it possible to vary very gradually the speed of rotation of the turbine, and therefore the noise associated with it, depending on the degree of hygrometry of the extracted air, and this while improving the energy efficiency of the system. The hygrometry sensor is preferably located in the extracted air stream in the air inlet zone of the through-chamber. Such a motor-sensor system thus favors continuous operation at a low modulating speed, as opposed to discontinuous operation of the motor at a strong and constant speed known in the state of the art.

L'utilisation d'un moteur à courant continu présente un autre avantage important qui réside dans la possibilité, dans la plage de tension de fonctionnement, d'une alimentation électrique du dispositif de la présente invention par un système de cellules photovoltaïques. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de la présente invention, le système de ventilation comprend par conséquent un ou plusieurs panneaux photovoltaïques reliés au moteur de la turbine de manière à alimenter celui-ci en courant continu via un système de stockage et de régulation d'énergie électrique (accumulateur).Another important advantage of using a DC motor is the possibility, in the operating voltage range, of a power supply for the device of the present invention by a photovoltaic cell system. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ventilation system therefore comprises one or more photovoltaic panels connected to the motor of the turbine so as to supply the latter with direct current via a system for storing and regulating energy. electric (accumulator).

Les tensions d'alimentation des moteurs à commutation électronique disponibles sur le marché, comprises généralement entre 12 et 85 V, sont tout à fait compatibles avec les tensions continues délivrées par les panneaux photovoltaïques standards également disponibles dans le commerce.The supply voltages of commercially available electronic commutation motors, generally between 12 and 85 V, are fully compatible with the DC voltages supplied by the standard photovoltaic panels also available on the market.

Les panneaux photovoltaïques peuvent, bien entendu, être installés de manière indépendante du système de ventilation sur la toiture ou le mur extérieur du bâtiment. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, les panneaux photovoltaïques sont toutefois étroitement associés au système de ventilation. Ainsi, lorsqu'il s'agit de panneaux au silicium monocristallin ou polycristallin rigides, ils peuvent être disposés, à la manière d'un store au nu extérieur du mur de manière à maximiser la surface de captation tout en assurant un rôle de protection solaire. L'inclinaison d'un tel dispositif pourrait être ajustée de manière automatique en fonction de la direction de l'ensoleillement. On peut également envisager l'implantation de panneaux photovoltaïques, souples ou rigides, sur la face extérieure des montants et/ou traverses du dormant. Enfin, des systèmes photovoltaïques en couches très minces, transparentes, déposées sur verre, sont disponibles depuis peu de temps sur le marché et pourraient être utilisés en tant que surfaces transparentes et/ou translucides de l'ouvrant du dispositif de la présente invention. L'avantage d'un tel système résiderait dans sa grande surface de captation.The photovoltaic panels can, of course, be installed independently of the ventilation system on the roof or the exterior wall of the building. In a preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic panels are however closely associated with the ventilation system. Thus, when it comes to rigid monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline panels, they can be arranged, in the manner of a blind to the outside of the wall so as to maximize the capture surface while ensuring a role of sunscreen . The inclination of such a device could be adjusted automatically according to the direction of the sun. We can also consider the installation of photovoltaic panels, flexible or rigid, on the outer face of the uprights and / or sleeper sleepers. Finally, photovoltaic systems in very thin layers, transparent, deposited on glass, have been available for some time on the market and could be used as transparent and / or translucent surfaces of the opening of the device of the present invention. The advantage of such a system lies in its large capture area.

De façon générale, indépendamment de la technologique du système utilisé, le ou les panneaux photovoltaïques sont disposés de préférence de manière à protéger au moins une partie de la surface transparente ou translucide de l'ouvrant contre le rayonnement solaire.In general, regardless of the technology of the system used, the photovoltaic panel or panels are preferably arranged so as to protect at least a portion of the transparent or translucent surface of the opening against solar radiation.

Bien entendu, pour pouvoir fonctionner de manière continue et garantir ainsi une autonomie énergétique, même en l'absence de lumière solaire, le système d'alimentation électrique par un ou plusieurs panneaux photovoltaïques doit être associé à un système de stockage et de régulation d'énergie électrique, familier à l'homme du métier. Ce système de stockage et de régulation est de préférence un accumulateur à faible encombrement, compatible avec l'alimentation en courant continu du moteur de la turbine. Il pourra être logé facilement dans le passage d'air traversant ou dans tout autre endroit de la menuiserie rendu accessible en vue d'une éventuelle maintenance.Of course, in order to be able to operate continuously and thus guarantee energy autonomy, even in the absence of sunlight, the power supply system with one or more photovoltaic panels must be associated with a storage and regulation system. electrical energy, familiar to the skilled person. This storage and regulation system is preferably a compact battery, compatible with the DC power supply of the turbine engine. It can be easily accommodated in the through air passage or in any other place of the joinery made accessible for possible maintenance.

La présente invention est à présent expliquée à l'aide d'une description de deux modes de réalisation préférés, illustrés dans les figures ci-après dans lesquelles,

  • la figure 1 et la figure 2 représentent chacune une vue de face, depuis l'intérieur du bâtiment, d'un système de ventilation selon l'invention, et
  • la figure 3 représente une coupe transversale d'un système de ventilation selon l'invention avec une turbine à implantation horizontale, et non pas verticale comme dans les figures 1 et 2.
The present invention is now explained with the aid of a description of two embodiments preferred, illustrated in the figures below, in which,
  • the figure 1 and the figure 2 each represent a front view, from inside the building, of a ventilation system according to the invention, and
  • the figure 3 represents a cross section of a ventilation system according to the invention with a horizontal implantation turbine, and not vertical as in the figures 1 and 2 .

La figure 1 représente une fenêtre, fixée dans la maçonnerie 9 d'un mur, comprenant un ouvrant 1 avec une surface vitrée 5 ainsi qu'un dormant constitué de deux montants 3 et de deux traverses 4a,4b. Les deux montants 3 et la traverse inférieure 4b comportent chacun, sur leur face intérieure, une longue zone d'entrée d'air 6 fermée par une grille. La traverse supérieure 4a comporte, sur sa face extérieure, une zone de sortie d'air 7 dans laquelle est fixée, une turbine d'extraction d'air 8 en position verticale par l'intermédiaire de rupteurs acoustiques 11. La traverse supérieure 4a, contrairement aux trois autres éléments 3,4b formant le dormant, ne comporte pas de zone d'entrée d'air mais est fermée sur toute l'étendue de sa face intérieure. L'axe de rotation de la turbine 8 ne coupe ainsi aucune des trois zones d'entrée d'air 6 de la fenêtre et la face intérieure de la traverse supérieure 4a constitue avantageusement un écran acoustique qui réduit la propagation du bruit de la turbine vers l'intérieur de la pièce. Les montants et traverses de la fenêtre sont des profilés creux formant, grâce à l'interconnexion de leurs compartiments intérieurs, au niveau des jonctions entre les montants et traverses, un passage pour l'air extrait.The figure 1 is a window, fixed in the masonry 9 of a wall, comprising an opening 1 with a glazed surface 5 and a frame consisting of two uprights 3 and two cross members 4a, 4b. The two uprights 3 and the lower crossbar 4b each comprise, on their inner face, a long air inlet zone 6 closed by a grid. The upper cross member 4a has, on its outer face, an air outlet zone 7 in which is fixed, an air extraction turbine 8 in vertical position via acoustic breakers 11. The upper cross member 4a, unlike the other three elements 3.4b forming the frame, has no air inlet zone but is closed over the entire extent of its inner face. The axis of rotation of the turbine 8 thus does not cut any of the three air inlet zones 6 of the window and the inner face of the upper cross member 4a advantageously constitutes an acoustic shield which reduces the propagation of the noise of the turbine towards inside the room. The amounts and crosspieces of the window are hollow profiles forming, thanks to the interconnection of their internal compartments, at the junctions between the uprights and cross members, a passage for the extracted air.

La figure 2 illustre une variante du mode de réalisation de la figure 1 où la turbine d'extraction 8 et la zone d'entrée d'air unique 6 sont toutes les deux situées au niveau de la traverse supérieure 4a. Ce mode de réalisation présente l'avantage que la traverse supérieure 4a est la seule pièce modifiée par rapport à une menuiserie classique.The figure 2 illustrates a variant of the embodiment of the figure 1 where the extraction turbine 8 and the single air inlet zone 6 are both located at the upper rail 4a. This embodiment has the advantage that the upper cross member 4a is the only part modified compared to a conventional carpentry.

Enfin, la figure 3 illustre un mode de réalisation avec implantation horizontale de la turbine d'extraction d'air 8. La fenêtre représentée sur cette figure comporte un ouvrant 1 avec une surface vitrée 5, ainsi qu'un dormant dont seul les traverses supérieure 4a et inférieure 4b sont visibles. La turbine d'extraction d'air 8 est insérée horizontalement, par l'intermédiaire de rupteurs acoustiques 11, dans le fond d'un caisson 10 en communication de fluide avec l'intérieur de la traverse supérieure 4a. L'axe de rotation de la turbine (en pointillé) est parallèle au plan de la zone d'entrée d'air 6. La turbine 8 est insérée à un niveau plus bas que la zone d'entrée d'air 6 de la traverse supérieure 4a. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la traverse supérieure 4a et la traverse inférieure 4b comportent chacune une zone d'entrée d'air 6 fermée par une grille. La traverse inférieure 4b est un profilé à double compartiment, comportant un compartiment ouvert 12a, débouchant au niveau de la zone d'entrée d'air, dans lequel circule l'air extrait de l'intérieur du bâtiment, et un compartiment fermé 12b, en contact avec la face de la traverse tournée vers l'extérieur du bâtiment. Ce compartiment fermé 12b contient un gaz immobile et a une fonction d'isolation thermique.Finally, figure 3 illustrates an embodiment with horizontal implantation of the air extraction turbine 8. The window shown in this figure comprises an opening 1 with a glass surface 5, and a frame whose only upper cross 4a and lower 4b are visible. The air extraction turbine 8 is inserted horizontally, via acoustic switches 11, into the bottom of a box 10 in fluid communication with the interior of the upper rail 4a. The axis of rotation of the turbine (dashed) is parallel to the plane of the air inlet zone 6. The turbine 8 is inserted at a lower level than the air inlet zone 6 of the transom superior 4a. In this embodiment, the upper cross member 4a and the lower cross member 4b each comprise an air inlet zone 6 closed by a grid. The lower crossbar 4b is a double compartment section, comprising an open compartment 12a, opening at the air intake zone, in which the air extracted from the interior of the building circulates, and a closed compartment 12b, in contact with the face of the crosses turned towards the outside of the building. This closed compartment 12b contains a stationary gas and has a thermal insulation function.

Les systèmes de ventilation décrits dans la présente demande permettent, grâce à une géométrie d'assemblage des différents éléments qui les composent, et en particulier grâce à la surface étendue des zones d'entrée d'air et au fait que l'axe de rotation de la turbine d'extraction ne coupe aucune des ces zones d'entrée d'air, présentent une nuisance sonore extrêmement faible.The ventilation systems described in the present application, thanks to an assembly geometry of the various elements that compose them, and in particular thanks to the extended surface of the air intake zones and to the fact that the axis of rotation extraction turbine does not cut any of these air inlet zones, have an extremely low noise.

Exemple 1Example 1 Comparaison entre turbine verticale et horizontaleComparison between vertical and horizontal turbine

La Demanderesse a procédé à des mesures comparatives de la pression acoustique normalisée, LnAT, exprimée en dB(A), afin de montrer la supériorité de la position horizontale (axe de rotation vertical) de la turbine par rapport à la position verticale (axe de rotation horizontal). Cette pression acoustique normalisée LnAT, exprimée en dB(A) correspond à une valeur globale normée, associée à une pondération de type A correspondant à la sensibilité de l'oreille humaine aux différentes fréquences.The Applicant has made comparative measurements of the normalized acoustic pressure, LnAT, expressed in dB (A), in order to show the superiority of the horizontal position (vertical axis of rotation) of the turbine with respect to the vertical position (axis of horizontal rotation). This normalized acoustic pressure LnAT, expressed in dB (A) corresponds to a normed global value, associated with a weighting of type A corresponding to the sensitivity of the human ear to the different frequencies.

Toutes les mesures ont été effectuées au moyen d'un sonomètre de précision (NFS 31-109) conformément à la norme NFS 31-057, à une distance d'un mètre de la fenêtre, en position centrale par rapport à celle-ci, et à un niveau 37 cm en dessous de la traverse supérieure, position proche de celle d'un occupant face à la fenêtre équipée.All measurements were made using a precision sound level meter (NFS 31-109) in accordance with NFS 31-057 at a distance of one meter from the window, centrally located thereon, and at a level 37 cm below the top rail, position close to that of an occupant facing the window equipped.

La turbine de ventilation utilisée a un niveau de bruit intrinsèque de 51 dB(A) lorsqu'elle tourne seule à pleine puissance (grande vitesse, GV), c'est-à-dire à une vitesse de 4500 tours/minute fournissant un débit d'air nominal de 204 m3/h.The fan turbine used has an intrinsic noise level of 51 dB (A) when running alone at full power (high speed, GV), that is to say at a speed of 4500 rpm providing a flow rate nominal air of 204 m 3 / h.

La Demanderesse a ainsi enregistré une pression acoustique normalisée égale à 43,1 dB(A) pour une turbine de ventilation disposée de la manière présentée dans la figure d'abrégé de la demande JP 2000 111110 , c'est-à-dire perpendiculairement et directement adjacente à la zone d'entrée d'air. Pour une turbine du même type, disposée de manière adjacente à la zone d'entrée d'air, mais dans un plan horizontal (comme représenté à la figure 3 de la présente demande), la Demanderesse a enregistrée une pression acoustique de seulement 34,3 dB(A), ce qui correspond à un gain de 8,8 dB(A).The Applicant has thus recorded a normalized sound pressure equal to 43.1 dB (A) for a ventilation turbine arranged in the manner presented in the abstract figure of the application. JP 2000 111110 , that is to say perpendicularly and directly adjacent to the air inlet zone. For a turbine of the same type, disposed adjacent to the air inlet zone, but in a horizontal plane (as shown in figure 3 of the present application), the Applicant has recorded a sound pressure of only 34.3 dB (A), which corresponds to a gain of 8.8 dB (A).

Exemple 2Example 2 Eloignement de la turbine par rapport à la zone d'entrée d'airDistance from the turbine to the air inlet area

Dans les mêmes conditions que celles décrites dans l'Exemple 1, la Demanderesse a mesuré la pression acoustique normalisée, exprimée en dB(A), d'une turbine en position horizontale (axe de rotation vertical) soit en position directement adjacente à la zone d'entrée d'air, soit disposée de manière à ce que la distance entre le centre de la turbine et le bord de la zone d'entrée d'air soit égale au diamètre de la turbine. Les mesures ont été réalisées pour une turbine tournant à pleine vitesse (4500 tours/minute)Under the same conditions as those described in Example 1, the Applicant measured the normalized sound pressure, expressed in dB (A), of a turbine in a horizontal position (vertical axis of rotation) or in a position directly adjacent to the zone. air inlet, is arranged so that the distance between the center of the turbine and the edge of the air inlet zone is equal to the diameter of the turbine. The measures were performed for a turbine running at full speed (4500 rpm)

Le Tableau ci-dessus indique les valeurs de pression acoustique enregistrées pour un système
- sans amortisseurs sonores disposés dans le caisson d'extraction d'air ni rupteurs acoustiques (colonne 1)
- avec amortisseurs sonores mais sans rupteurs acoustiques (colonne 2)
- avec amortisseurs sonores et rupteurs acoustiques (colonne 3) Position de la turbine verticale Sans amortisseurs sonores ni rupteurs acoustiques Avec amortisseurs sonores au niveau du caisson d'extraction d'air Avec amortisseurs sonores et rupteurs acoustiques Turbine adjacente 62,6 62,1 57,2 Distance : 1 diamètre 60,0 56,2 53,7 Gain 2,6 5,9 3,5 The table above shows the sound pressure values recorded for a system
- without sound dampers arranged in the air extraction box or acoustic breakers (column 1)
- with sound dampers but without acoustic breakers (column 2)
- with sound dampers and acoustic breakers (column 3) Vertical turbine position Without sound dampers or acoustic breakers With sound dampers at the air extraction box With sound dampers and acoustic breakers Adjacent turbine 62.6 62.1 57.2 Distance: 1 diameter 60.0 56.2 53.7 Gain 2.6 5.9 3.5

On constate que l'éloignement de la turbine de la zone d'entrée d'air crée un masque acoustique qui réduit sensiblement la pression acoustique normalisée. Cet effet de masque est renforcé par la présence d'amortisseurs sonores tapissant le caisson d'extraction d'air (gain de 5,9 dB(A)). L'effet est moins important lorsqu'on utilise à la fois des amortisseurs sonores et des rupteurs acoustiques car la valeur de la pression acoustique est déjà relativement faible au départ (57,2 dB(A)).It is found that the removal of the turbine from the air inlet zone creates an acoustic mask that substantially reduces the normalized sound pressure. This mask effect is reinforced by the presence of sound dampers lining the air extraction box (gain of 5.9 dB (A)). The effect is less important when using both sound dampers and acoustic breakers because the sound pressure value is already relatively low at the start (57.2 dB (A)).

Claims (13)

Système de ventilation destiné à extraire l'air de l'intérieur d'un bâtiment et de le rejeter vers l'extérieur de celui-ci, ledit système comprenant une menuiserie du type comportant - un ouvrant (1) comportant de préférence une surface transparente ou translucide (5), - un dormant (2) formé par un ou plusieurs montants (3) et/ou traverses (4a,b), ledit dormant comportant un passage d'air traversant s'étendant d'au moins une zone d'entrée d'air (6), fermée par une grille, située sur la face intérieure du dormant, jusqu'à une zone de sortie d'air (7) située sur la face extérieure du dormant, et - au moins une turbine axiale (8) d'extraction d'air équipée d'un moteur électrique, située dans la zone de sortie d'air ou dans le passage d'air traversant, à une certaine distance de la zone d'entrée d'air, caractérisé par le fait que l'axe de rotation de la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air, tout en étant compris dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan de la fenêtre, ne coupe pas la zone d'entrée d'air (6), et par le fait que la distance entre le centre de rotation de la turbine axiale (8) d'extraction d'air et la zone d'entrée d'air (6) la plus proche est au moins égale au diamètre de la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air.Ventilation system for extracting air from inside a building and rejecting it to the outside thereof, said system comprising a carpentry of the type comprising an opening (1) preferably comprising a transparent or translucent surface (5), - a frame (2) formed by one or more uprights (3) and / or sleepers (4a, b), said frame comprising a through-air passage extending from at least one air intake zone ( 6), closed by a grid, located on the inner face of the frame, to an air outlet zone (7) located on the outer face of the frame, and at least one axial extraction turbine (8) equipped with an electric motor, located in the air outlet zone or in the through air passage, at a distance from the inlet zone air, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the axial air extraction turbine, while being in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane of the window, does not cut the air inlet zone (6) , and in that the distance between the center of rotation of the axial extraction turbine (8) and the nearest air inlet zone (6) is at least equal to the diameter of the turbine axial extraction of air. Système de ventilation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'axe de rotation de la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air est parallèle au plan de la zone d'entrée d'air.Ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the Axial air extraction turbine is parallel to the plane of the air inlet zone. Système de ventilation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le rapport de la surface totale des ouvertures de la ou des grilles couvrant la zone d'entrée d'air (6) à la surface de ventilation de la turbine (8) est au moins égal à 1,5 de préférence compris entre 2 et 5.Ventilation system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ratio of the total area of the apertures of the at least one grating covering the air inlet area (6) to the ventilation surface of the turbine (8 ) is at least 1.5, preferably between 2 and 5. Système de ventilation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la distance entre le centre de rotation de la turbine axiale (8) d'extraction d'air et la zone d'entrée d'air (6) la plus proche est au moins égale à 1,5 fois, de préférence 2 fois, le diamètre de la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air.Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the center of rotation of the axial extraction turbine (8) and the air inlet zone (6) is closer is at least equal to 1.5 times, preferably twice, the diameter of the axial air extraction turbine. Système de ventilation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la turbine axiale (8) d'extraction d'air est située au niveau d'un des montants (3) ou traverses (4a,b) du dormant et que la ou les zones d'entrée d'air (6) sont situées sur au moins un des autres montants et/ou traverses du dormant.Ventilation system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial extraction turbine (8) is located at one of the uprights (3) or sleepers (4a, b) of the frame and that the at least one air intake zone (6) is located on at least one of the other uprights and / or cross members of the frame. Système de ventilation selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que la turbine axiale (8) d'extraction d'air est située au niveau de la traverse supérieure (4a) et qu'une ou plusieurs zones d'entrée d'air sont situées sur les montants latéraux (3) et/ou sur la traverse inférieure (4b).Ventilation system according to Claim 5, characterized in that the axial extraction turbine (8) is located at the upper cross member (4a) and one or more air inlet zones are located on the lateral uprights (3) and / or on the lower beam (4b). Système de ventilation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que la turbine d'extraction d'air (8) et une zone d'entrée d'air (6) sont situées toutes les deux au niveau d'une même traverse, de préférence au niveau de la traverse supérieure (4a).Ventilation system according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the an air extraction turbine (8) and an air inlet zone (6) are both located at the same cross member, preferably at the upper cross member (4a). Système de ventilation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le dormant ou les montants et/ou traverses le constituant sont des profilés creux, de préférence des profilés creux à double compartiment, avec un premier compartiment fermé (12b) contenant un gaz immobile, éventuellement à pression réduite, et un second compartiment (12a) formant le passage d'air traversant.Ventilation system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame or the uprights and / or cross members constituting it are hollow sections, preferably hollow sections with a double compartment, with a first closed compartment (12b). containing a stationary gas, possibly at reduced pressure, and a second compartment (12a) forming the through air passage. Système de ventilation selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que les deux compartiments s'étendent parallèlement essentiellement sur toute la surface du dormant ou des montants et/ou traverses le constituant.Ventilation system according to claim 8, characterized in that the two compartments extend substantially parallel over the entire surface of the frame or amounts and / or sleepers constituent. Système de ventilation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le moteur électrique de la turbine axiale (8) d'extraction d'air est un moteur à courant continu à commutation électronique à effet Hall, relié à un capteur hygrométrique délivrant une tension électrique proportionnelle au degré d'hygrométrie de l'air extrait, l'ensemble moteur-capteur permettant de faire varier la vitesse de rotation de la turbine en fonction du degré d'hygrométrie de l'air extrait.Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric motor of the axial air extraction turbine (8) is a Hall effect electronic switching DC motor connected to a sensor. hygrometric delivering a voltage proportional to the degree of hygrometry of the extracted air, the motor-sensor assembly for varying the speed of rotation of the turbine according to the degree of hygrometry of the extracted air. Système de ventilation selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend en outre un ou plusieurs panneaux photovoltaïques reliés au moteur de la turbine de manière à alimenter celui-ci en courant continu.Ventilation system according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises one or more photovoltaic panels connected to the motor of the turbine so as to supply it with direct current. Système de ventilation selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que le ou les panneaux photovoltaïques sont disposés de manière à protéger au moins une partie de la surface transparente ou translucide de l'ouvrant contre le rayonnement solaire.Ventilation system according to claim 10, characterized in that the photovoltaic panel or panels are arranged to protect at least a portion of the transparent or translucent surface of the opening against solar radiation. Système de ventilation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la turbine axiale d'extraction d'air est fixée au dormant au moyen de rupteurs acoustiques (11).Ventilation system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial air extraction turbine is fixed to the frame by means of acoustic breakers (11).
EP09157804.7A 2008-04-17 2009-04-10 Air extraction device Active EP2110616B1 (en)

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FR0852603A FR2930322B1 (en) 2008-04-17 2008-04-17 DEVICE FOR EXTRACTING AIR.

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CN105401869A (en) * 2015-11-23 2016-03-16 沈阳师范大学 Anti-reflection type window screen
CN105444323A (en) * 2015-11-24 2016-03-30 清华大学 Window and wall integrated anti-haze ventilator
CN106437421A (en) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-22 司晓巍 Door and window ventilation mullion
CN106639762A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-05-10 司晓巍 Multifunctional window type ventilator
CN106639763A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-05-10 司晓巍 Haze-resistant micro-ventilation window

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105401869A (en) * 2015-11-23 2016-03-16 沈阳师范大学 Anti-reflection type window screen
CN105444323A (en) * 2015-11-24 2016-03-30 清华大学 Window and wall integrated anti-haze ventilator
CN106639762A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-05-10 司晓巍 Multifunctional window type ventilator
CN106639763A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-05-10 司晓巍 Haze-resistant micro-ventilation window
CN106639762B (en) * 2016-11-04 2019-01-15 司晓巍 A kind of Multi-function window type ventilator
CN106437421A (en) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-22 司晓巍 Door and window ventilation mullion
CN106437421B (en) * 2016-11-18 2018-08-28 司晓巍 Stile in a kind of ventilation of door and window

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FR2930322A1 (en) 2009-10-23
EP2110616B1 (en) 2020-09-02
EP2110616A3 (en) 2014-07-30
FR2930322B1 (en) 2010-07-30

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