Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
  • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
  • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
  • H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
  • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
  • H02K19/18—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar generators
  • H02K19/20—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar generators with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotors without winding
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/30—Wind power
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a polyphase electric motor or generator, which can be made as a rotary machine or as a linear machine, and operates synchronously on the principle of reluctance variation. It is, in particular, a machine
• a prime mover usually designated as an electric motor
• a generating machine usually designated as a generator or alternator, consumes mechanical energy and produces electrical energy.
• An electrical source is said to be polyphase when it comprises two or more phases.
• Three-phase electric current that is to say comprising three phases, is commonly used.
• a synchronous electronic machine rotates at a fixed rotational speed, which is a multiple of the frequency of its power supply.
• Reluctance is the quotient of the magnetomotive force of a magnetic circuit by the induction flux passing through it.
• the reluctance variation thus creates a variation of induction flux and magnetomotive force.
• the variation of induction flux creates itself through a coil a variation of current.
• the magnetomotive force creates a linear displacement or a rotation on a rotor.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 are views, respectively in section pass through the axis and in cross section, of such an alternator.
• the stator 1 is constituted by a disk or solid flange 2, provided at its periphery, forming an armature core, notches 3 even number 2N.
• the rotor 4 is an iron wheel, without winding, which is wedged on a central shaft 5 and which has at its periphery teeth 6 in number equal to N.
• the magnetic flux is produced by a fixed inductor coil 7, placed in the center of the stator 1, in front of the notched wheel of the rotor 4.
• the magnetic circuit consists of this mobile wheel, the armature core and the flange 2.
• In the 2N notches 3 of the armature core 2 are arranged armature coils 8 to the number of 2N, electrically electrically connected together in series, their successive windings being wound in the opposite direction so that the electromotive forces are in phase and add.
• the teeth 6 of the rotor wheel 4 pass in front of the fixed notches 3 of the armature core, therefore in front of the armature coils 8.
• the induction flow varies from zero to a maximum value then returns to zero, thus giving rise, at each tooth pass 6, to an alternating voltage in the coil 8 of the notch 3 considered.
• the frequency of this AC voltage therefore of the electric current produced by the alternator, is a function of the speed of rotation of the rotor 4, in other words of the speed of rotation of the shaft 5.
• the arrangement of the stator of this alternator allows to increase the number of peripheral notches and thus produce, without increasing the rotational speed of the rotating part, an electric current of higher frequency.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an electric machine, inspired by that previously mentioned, but having increased possibilities, in particular an electric machine which can be either a driving machine or a generating machine, and which can also have a polyphase operation, while maintaining a simple, reliable and economical structure.
• the subject of the invention is essentially a multi-phase electric motor or generator, which can be produced as a rotary machine or as a linear machine, and operates in a synchronous manner on the principle of reluctance variation, which comprises in combination : a fixed part with notches accommodating armature coils interconnected electrically in series, by phase, their successive windings being wound in opposite directions; a movable part provided with teeth located opposite the notches of the fixed part, with a tooth of the moving part corresponding to a number M x (2P) of notches of the fixed part, "M" being an integer equal to or greater than one and "P” designating the number of phases of the machine ; and an exciter portion, facing the fixed portion and the movable portion, with a DC energized electromagnetic coil or a permanent magnet and with a magnetic excitation circuit for circulating a continuous magnetic flux of excitation between the fixed portion and the moving part.
• the polyphase electrical machine of the invention is feasible as a rotating electrical machine with "P" phases, the latter comprising in combination an annular stator having at its periphery radial notches in number M x (2NxP), in which are arranged as many armature coils, shifted from one phase to another; a rotor rotatably mounted along the central axis of the machine and provided at its periphery with number of teeth "N" projecting radially and located opposite the notches of the stator; and a stationary exciter part, placed in the center of the stator around the axis of the machine.
• the "excitation" and “armature” parts are fixed, and there is therefore no winding or magnet on the moving part, in particular on the rotor in the case of a rotating machine .
• Only the parts subjected to the magnetic field at greater or lesser frequency are advantageously constituted by thin laminated sheets in order to limit the yield losses by eddy currents; in practice, in the case of a rotating machine, this means that only the stator ring having the radial M x (2NxP) notches is laminated.
• the other parts in particular the portion of the stator supporting the exciter and the entire moving part, in other words the rotor with its N teeth, are preferably massive, the teeth being machined at the periphery of the rotor.
• the exciter part in particular fixed, may comprise an electromagnetic coil supplied with continuous electric current, or alternatively a permanent magnet.
• An electromagnetic coil provides more flexibility and variability for the control of the machine, and it allows to obtain stronger magnetizations than those of permanent magnets; the resulting force or engine torque is further improved.
• the excitation by a permanent magnet is a simple and economical solution, both for the structure of the electric machine itself and for the realization of the control electronics of the machine.
• the The exciter part is fixed, and distinct from the armature, and it creates a magnetic excitation flux which is continuous (and not alternating).
• the polyphase electrical machine which is the subject of the present invention, can be produced as a synchronous electric motor of the rotary or linear type, or as an alternator, in particular as a three-phase electric motor or as a three-phase alternator, preferably with an exciter portion that can be controlled so as to vary the continuous magnetic flux of excitation.
• This machine is distinguished, in particular, from known devices according to patents US 4631510 and US 3041486, which are not “power” electrical machines but are of the “resolver” type, that is to say which constitute sensors electrical angular position, in which circulate very low currents, the powers involved being minimal.
• the excitation coil is housed in the stator and nested in the armature coils, and this excitation coil is supplied with alternating current and not with direct current, so that it generates a flow of excitation which is also alternative and not continuous.
• a polyphase electric current for example three-phase, with variable frequency and voltage
• the machine then functions as a synchronous electric motor, the moving part (rotor) moving relative to the fixed part (stator) at a speed which is proportional to the frequency of the supply current and which is inversely proportional to the number of teeth or notches.
• the rotor In "generator" mode, the rotor is rotated by an external motion source and creates an alternating current in each of the armature coils. More particularly, the moving part (rotor) magnetized by the exciter part "scans" the armature coils, and the flow variation thus created generates an alternating current whose frequency is proportional to the relative speed of movement of the moving and fixed parts. . The electrical voltage that appears then is a function of the relative speed and the flux of the excitation. The electromotive forces of the armature coils adding, for each phase, the machine operates in the manner of an alternator, providing in particular a three-phase current, the frequency of the current generated being proportional to the speed of rotation.
• the induction flow through the machine is controllable and the maximum rotational speed of the rotor is not limited.
• the rotor teeth have an advantageous effect of fan blades and provide easy cooling of the machine.
• Figure 1 (already mentioned) is a sectional view through the axis of a rotating electrical machine of the state of the art
• Figure 2 (already mentioned) is a cross-sectional view of the electric machine of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an electric machine according to the present invention.
• Figure 4 is a sectional view through the axis of an electric rotary machine according to the present invention.
• Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the stator of this electric machine, along the line V-V of Figure 4;
• Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor of the electric machine of Figures 4 and 5;
• Figure 7 is a block diagram in expanded representation of the electric machine according to the invention, in correspondence with the example of Figures 4 to 6.
• the electrical machine comprises, in all cases, a fixed part 1 and a movable part 4, that is to say a part capable of describing a rotary or rectilinear movement relative to the fixed part 1.
• the movable part 4, of massive structure is provided on its periphery or on its edge with teeth 6, separated by notches, the number of teeth 6 or notches being designated N.
• the fixed part 1 which can also be designated as "induced”, has a series of notches 11 located opposite the teeth 6 of the movable part 4.
• the total number of notches 11 is equal to (2Nx P), or a multiple
• N the number of teeth 6 of the moving part
• the machine further comprises an exciter part 15, with an electromagnetic coil or a permanent magnet, which faces both the fixed part 1 and the mobile part 4.
• any armature coil 12 alternately passes a maximum magnetic induction flux, present at the top of the teeth 6 of the part 4, at a minimum magnetic induction flux, present at the bottom of the notches located between the teeth 6 of this moving part 4.
• the armature coil 12 next is the minimum induction flux, as clearly shown in Figure 3. Since this next coil is wound in the opposite direction of the previous, the flows seen by the two coils 12 are considered in phase; the induced electric currents are therefore added, from coil to coil.
• FIGS 4 to 6 in which the elements corresponding to those defined above are designated by the same reference numerals, illustrate the application of the principle of this polyphase electrical machine to the constitution of a three-phase electrical rotating machine.
• This rotary electric machine whose central axis is indicated at A, generally comprises a fixed part designated as a stator 1, and a movable part rotating about the axis A designated as rotor 4, which is keyed on a central shaft 5 (or form a single piece with this tree).
• the stator 1 comprises, placed around the rotor 4, a solid cylindrical carcass 9 which internally supports a ring formed by a stack of laminated sheets 10 having radial notches 11 regularly spaced, located opposite the teeth 6 of the rotor 4 (the figure 5 being a sectional view through this part of the stator 1).
• the notches 11 are in total number (2N x P) 1 P designating the number of phases, a number of notches equal to (6xN) in the example considered here of a three-phase machine.
• 6 ⁇ N notches 11 of the stator 1 are arranged as many armature coils or stator coils 12, visible in FIG. 4.
• the armature coils 12, divided into three phases, are for each phase electrically connected to one another. series, their successive windings being wound in opposite directions. An offset of a notch 11 is provided between the phases.
• the set of coils 12 is connected to electrical connections 13 of the stator 1, here three-phase connections 13, traversed by alternating current.
• the stator 1 further comprises a solid flange 14 of circular or annular shape, which supports a fixed exciter coil 15 coaxially surrounding the shaft 5 of the rotor 4, and located in front of the armature coils 12.
• the exciter coil 15 is supplied with direct current by electrical connections 16, consisting in particular of two supply wires. In operation, that is to say when the exciter coil 15 is electrically powered, it generates a continuous magnetic flux, closing between the stator 1 and the periphery of the rotor 4. It is thus constituted a three-phase electrical rotating machine , of synchronous type and variable reluctance, which can operate as an electric motor or as a three-phase alternator.
• a controlled three-phase electric current is sent via the electrical connections 13 into the coils 12 of the stator 1, while the exciter coil 15 is supplied with direct electrical current. by the connections 16.
• the rotor 4 then rotates at a speed proportional to the driving frequency, the movement of the rotor 4 being recovered on the shaft 5.
• the rotor 4 In the "alternator" operating mode, the rotor 4 is rotated by its shaft 5 from a source of external movement, while the exciter coil 15 is supplied with direct electric current.
• the variation of reluctance then produced in front of each coil 12 of the stator 1 creates an alternating current, which is recovered on the electrical connections 13. More particularly, here a three-phase current is generated, whose frequency is a function of the speed of rotation of the rotor. 4.
• This example also corresponds to the simplified expanded representation of FIG.
• the polyphase electrical rotary machine can thus be used as a synchronous electric motor, powered by a particularly three-phase current, the rotor 4 rotating at a rotation speed that is a multiple of the supply current frequency.
• the advantage of the invention resides here in the simple and economical embodiment of a synchronous electric motor, with a massive rotor without laminate, without any coil or magnet rotor.
• an electric motor according to the invention can advantageously replace the current asynchronous, synchronous or direct current motors or geared motors, in all the applications from which they are currently used. Thanks to the simplicity of its rotor and its cooling, the electric machine according to the invention is particularly suitable for producing high speed electric motors, for example electric motors rotating at speeds greater than 8000 rpm.
• the electric machine according to the invention is also particularly suitable for producing electric motors running at relatively low speeds, for example speeds less than 400 revolutions per minute.
• the exciter coil 15 properly energized creates a variable excitation, which allows a control of the output AC voltage, recovered on the electrical connections 13, for a given speed therefore for a given frequency.
• this excitation makes it possible to act on the power factor of the network.
• the interest of the electric machine object of the invention, used as an alternator, also lies in the possibility of obtaining high frequencies for relatively low speeds of rotation, which allows an advantageous use of this machine in fields such as not only the electric generation in motor vehicles, but also the electrical generation aeronautics, wind turbines, hydraulic power plants, energy conversion.
• the natural reversibility of the electrical machine object of the invention also allows a "mixed" use, that is to say, a machine that is driving or generating according to the instants.
• the advantage of the invention is here to provide an economic reversible electric machine, which allows to consider for example the following uses: as a starter-alternator for a heat engine, especially for a motor vehicle;
• the electric machine that is the subject of the invention finds applications in multiple and varied fields of activity: industry; transport in particular automobile, aeronautics and space, marine; production and conversion of energy; domestic equipment.
• the movable part can be immersed in a hostile environment
• this electric machine including motor, as a linear machine and non-rotating, in which case the fixed part with notches incorporates the exciter part, while the rotor is replaced by a toothed portion movable in translation (in the latter case, the terms “fixed” and “mobile” have only a relative sense, to indicate the possibility of displacement of one part relative to the other).

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• 2007
  • 2007-01-12 FR FR0700235A patent/FR2911443B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-12-20 US US12/522,228 patent/US20100026103A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-12-20 BR BRPI0720940-1A patent/BRPI0720940A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-12-20 EP EP07872417A patent/EP2108214A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-12-20 CN CNA2007800494531A patent/CN101595625A/zh active Pending
  • 2007-12-20 WO PCT/FR2007/002132 patent/WO2008096062A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-12-20 JP JP2009545207A patent/JP2010516224A/ja active Pending

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