EP2103750A1 - Arch element - Google Patents

Abstract

The arch structure, as a support for curved hall roofs and the like, has a concave inner side (2) and a convex outer side (3). Rows (4a,4b) of straight bars (6) are linked by straight members (5) in the curved shape. The straight bars of one row are offset against the bars of the other row. At least two arch carriers are linked by lateral members (7).

Description

The present invention relates to arch devices according to the preamble of claim 1. Arch devices can be used as support elements in the construction sector, for example for supporting roofs or floors. It is also possible that the arch device is formed directly as a roof construction, a tunnel-shaped shelter or an arcade.

Arcades are used as lightweight structures to provide a covered interior. They can be executed as mobile or permanent buildings. For example, arches are known with tubular steel structures, especially tubular steel framework constructions. The halls include support arches, overlying fasteners and flat roof material, which is supported by the support arches and the connecting elements.

In tunnel-shaped halls the support sheets are arranged side by side in parallel and the connecting elements transversely to the support sheets. In dome-shaped, in particular part-spherical halls the support arches extend in a view from above substantially radially from a central point on both sides to the outside. The connecting elements also extend transversely to the support arches and are curved, in particular formed part-circular.

Known supporting arches are formed as curved tubular steel frame, curved support profiles or truss structures. These supporting arch parts are provided with the curved shape desired for the arch hall. They can be formed in one piece or shared.

The sheet roofing material of sheet halls can include flexible material such as tarpaulins or solid material such as boards, plates, sheets or other solid sheet material. The roof surfaces are often adapted to the outer shape of the support sheets, or continuously curved, but can also be formed in sections flat.

DE 28 04 559 A1 describes an arched hall, which is formed of approximately semicircular curved arch supports, which in the erected state via longitudinal purlins with each other are connected. On the purlins auflegbare and connectable with them roof metal sections span at least the distance between two adjacent purlins. The described sheet carriers formed from tubes are transported from the production site to the hall site, are bulky and expensive to manufacture.

US Pat. No. 3,708,944 describes a dome-shaped construction with strained bows comprising straight frame members and tensioning cables. The structure of the dome construction is very demanding due to the necessary clamping operations.

FR 2 746 832 A1 describes arch supports with composite arch parts to which are arranged on both sides parallel boards. The assembled arch supports must be transported from the production site to the hall site. They are bulky and expensive to produce.

CA 2 509 410 A1 describes arch segments made of wood, which can be assembled at the location of the hall to arch supports. Each arch segment comprises an upper and a lower circular segment-shaped wooden part and between these two spaced-apart parts an arcuate plywood plate. The production of the arc segments is correspondingly complicated.

DE 20 2006 017 734 U1 describes arch carriers, which are composed of several short, straight squared timbers. The squared timbers are chamfered at their abutting end faces and connected to each other with arranged on both sides of the squared timbers nail plates. Alternative connections are screw connections and wedge tappings. A complete arch support is composed of two parts in such a way that they are connected to one another at the ridge vertex and form an acute angle there. Optionally, but also curved sheet carriers are used evenly. Parallel offset sheet carriers are connected by means of wooden slats, each of which is perpendicular to the square timbers, connected to each other, so that a tunnel-shaped support structure is created. The slats here form the roof structure, which serves as a support for a roofing. The connections between the squared timbers of the arch supports are not suitable for very large loads. In addition, squared timbers with a large cross-section must be used for high loads, which leads to the consumption of a large amount of wood.

The object of the present invention is now to find a sheet device that is simple, can be easily transported to the desired location and / or built and yet designed for high load forces. Preferably, the sheet device should be made of little and simply processed starting material.

The general object is solved by the features of claim 1. The dependent claims describe alternative or advantageous embodiments.

An arch device according to the invention comprises at least one arch support which, in a side view, has an arcuately curved shape with a concave inside and a convex outside. Along its longitudinal extension, the sheet carrier on a first row on longitudinal connections adjacent to each other, straight components. Between the longitudinal axes directly adjoining components are formed angles which correspond to the desired curvature shape of the sheet carrier. Each arch support has at least one second row on longitudinal connections to each other subsequent, straight components. Also between the longitudinal axes of directly adjoining components of the second row are formed angles which correspond to the desired curvature shape of the sheet carrier. The at least one second row of components runs alongside the first row. Between the longitudinal axes of partially adjacent components of the first and the at least one second row are deviating from 0 ° angle. The components of the first row are offset from each other against the components of the at least one second row in the direction of the arch support longitudinal extent, so that in the longitudinal connections between components of a series continuous areas of the components of the other row are arranged.

With the staggered arrangement of the longitudinal connections of two juxtaposed component rows, a sheet device for high load is provided with a small material requirement and small production costs. The use of short straight components results in a high quality arch device that can be assembled where it is needed, eliminating the need to transport oversized arch carriers. It is easy to choose the bending radius differently. Elaborate processing steps such as bending and / or gluing in the bent state and / or wood-removing machining of solid wood parts are reduced or eliminated.

It goes without saying that instead of straight components and bent or specially machined components can be used, in which case the advantages of the inventive bow device are at least partially limited. In sheet devices that are slightly curved or have large radii of curvature, correspondingly long components are used. Even with highly curved sheet devices, long components can be used, but then the sheet devices are relatively thick transversely to its longitudinal extent, which is often not desirable.

The components of a series include each at the longitudinal connections frontal blunt contact areas with which they are pending on the subsequent components. The longitudinal connections are stabilized by the outgoing of the carrying capacity pressing the contact areas. Optionally, the contact areas are glued together and / or interconnected via connecting elements. As fasteners, for example, bolts and holes, screws and nail plates or the like are possible. If necessary, the connecting elements can also ensure a connection to the component extending laterally next to the longitudinal connection.

The at least two rows of components of a sheet carrier are preferably coupled to each other via lateral connections, but the connections can be made so that the carrying capacities are partially derived separately over the individual rows. If the loading force is too high, the entire arch support will not break directly, but only break in a row. The lateral connections are preferably in areas in which the interconnected components of the two rows have adjoining surfaces. The connections strengthen the support function and, where appropriate, also ensure that the connected components can not be moved against each other.

The lateral connections are formed for example as screw, wherein preferably in the components annular grooves or blind holes are formed with central through holes and rings or discs simultaneously in the mutually facing annular grooves or blind holes of two components are used, so that the components connected via central screw connections are substantially immovable against each other. A pivoting movement of the components about the screw connection is prevented, on the one hand by the longitudinal connections and on the other hand characterized in that the components of each row are connected in each case via two screw connections with components of the adjacent row. Only at the end of the arch support there are components that have only a Schaub connection. It goes without saying that the lateral connections instead of the Schaubverbindungen can also have plug and / or glue connections and similar compounds.

In sheet carriers with two adjacent rows of components follow along the arch support longitudinal direction alternately longitudinal connections of the first and second series of components. In sheet carriers with three or more adjacent rows of components follow along the arch support longitudinal direction cyclically longitudinal connections of the first, second, third and optionally further rows of components.

If the sheet device comprises at least two sheet carriers and cross connections, then the cross connections are formed by transverse components, which preferably lead in each sheet carrier by a longitudinal connection of a number of components. The components of the at least one other row are offset relative to the transverse components slightly against the inside of the sheet carrier. The transverse components are in the longitudinal connections on bearing surfaces, which are formed at the end portions of both connected via the longitudinal connection components.

In addition to or instead of the described transverse connections, cross-connections are optionally fastened to the arch carriers offset from the longitudinal connections. Cross connections may also be expedient in the case of the lateral connections, because there the thickness of the arch supports is minimal and, if appropriate, the cross connections find space between an arcuate outer boundary and the components.

Of the overlying, transverse components, the butt end surfaces of the connected components are pressed against each other. To increase this pressure and to fix the transverse components in the longitudinal connections, screw connections between the transverse components and the something against the Inside the arch support offset staggered components of the arch support used. As a result, the side-by-side component rows are also coupled more strongly. The arch devices with cross connections are filigree and ensure a high stability with a few different and simple components. They can also be built by laymen, because only a few repetitive assembly steps must be performed.

The slender construction of the arch supports makes it possible to utilize the entire interior of an arched hall to a large extent. The curvature of the arch supports may vary along the arch support such that the end regions rise relatively steeply from the floor and the curvature is increased to a desired height. As a result, the interior can be used close to the support points of the arch support. In the central region of the arch support, the curvature can be reduced again slightly to provide a large arched hall at a small height. The curvature can be varied by using components of different lengths or by different angles between the components. However, it goes without saying that the most uniform possible derivation of the supporting forces as uniform curvature of the arch support is beneficial. In areas with a weak curvature or a large radius of curvature, it may be necessary to use stronger components.

On the arch supports and / or cross connections, any roof structure can be arranged. So it can be used both solid roofs as well as flexible roofs. Flexible roofs can be made of tarpaulin or foil. The solid roofs include, for example, metal sheets, plastic sheets or conventional tiled roofs. If the material used is bendable or curvable at least in one direction, a curved attachment on the support structure is possible in a simple manner. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the distances between the transverse components are adapted to the size of the roof elements.

In order to provide a clear arch shape on the outside of the arch support are bendable curved strips along the convex outer side and thereby guided by recesses of the transverse components and portions of the components of the arch support at the longitudinal joints, so that the outsides of the transverse components and the outside of the Curved strips in a common curved surface lie. It goes without saying that the curved strips can also be performed without sections over transverse components without cutouts and over components of the sheet carriers. The arch elements can also be designed as bands, in particular as metal bands. With bands extending diagonally to the arch carriers, the stability of the arch devices can be increased still further.

The components of the arch support, the cross connections and the curved strips are preferably made of wood. Also conceivable is the use of materials based on wood, for example plywood, synthetic resin pressed wood, laminated wood parts, laminated parts, chipboard parts, MDF, HDF or OSB board parts and wood composite materials, for example hard fiber parts with an aluminum inner liner, wood fiber reinforced plastic. The components are in the form of boards or possibly squared timbers. However, the components and the curved strips can also be formed from plastic or steel, wherein they are then optionally formed as a solid material but preferably as profiles or as a hollow body.

The components of the arch support and the cross connections are preferably formed from boards and have widths and thicknesses which correspond to the desired load capacity of the arch support. It is usual for the components to have a width in the range from 8 cm to 16 cm, in particular from 10 cm to 14 cm, preferably from substantially 12 cm and a thickness in the range from 12 mm to 32 mm, in particular from 18 mm to 26 mm, preferably from substantially 20 to 22 mm. Since the sheet devices mainly consist of similar simple parts, the sheet devices can be manufactured efficiently and at low prices. It goes without saying that the preferred dimensioning of the components is adapted in large constructions according to the size ratios.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Bogenvorrichtung mit zwei Bogenträ- gern und Querverbindungen,

Fig. 2

eine stirnseitige Ansicht einer Bogenhalle,

Fig. 3

einen vergrösserten Ausschnitt aus der Bogenhalle gemäss Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

eine Ansicht der Querverbindung 7,

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht des ersten Bauteils 6a,

Fig. 6

eine Ansicht des dritten Bauteils 6c,

Fig. 7

eine Ansicht des zweiten Bauteils 6b und

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Darstellung von Elementen einer seitlichen Verbindung.

The drawings illustrate the inventive arc device using an exemplary embodiment. Show

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a bow device with two arch supports and cross connections,

Fig. 2

a frontal view of an arcade,

Fig. 3

an enlarged section of the arched hall according to Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4

a view of the cross-connection 7,

Fig. 5

a view of the first component 6a,

Fig. 6

a view of the third component 6c,

Fig. 7

a view of the second component 6b and

Fig. 8

a perspective view of elements of a lateral connection.

The Fig. 1 shows an arch device with two parallel arch supports 1. Each arch support 1 has an arcuate curved shape with a concave inside 2 and a convex outside 3 on. Along its longitudinal extent, the arch supports 1 have a first row 4a via longitudinal connections 5 adjoining, straight components 6. Between the longitudinal axes of directly adjoining components 6 are formed angles which correspond to the desired curvature of the sheet carrier 1. Both arch supports 1 have a second row 4b via longitudinal connections 5 adjoining, straight components 6. Also between the longitudinal axes of directly adjoining components 6 of the second row 4b are formed angles which correspond to the desired curvature shape of the sheet carrier.

The second row 4b of components 6 runs next to the first row 4a. Between the longitudinal axes of partially adjacent components 6 of the first and second rows 4a, 4b are formed deviating from 0 ° angle. The components 6 of the first row 4a are offset against the components 6 of the second row 4b in the direction of the sheet carrier longitudinal extent against each other, so that in the longitudinal joints 5 between components 6 of a series of continuous areas of the components 6 of the other row are arranged.

The offset in the longitudinal extent of the sheet carrier 1 adjacent components 6 of two rows 4a, 4b of the sheet carrier 1 are connected to each other via lateral connections 8, preferably in areas where they have abutting surfaces. In embodiments with more than two rows of components 6, the components of three or more rows may be connected to one another via the lateral connections, if appropriate at the same time. In the illustrated embodiment, the lateral connections 8 are achieved by means of screw connections. In order to prevent pivoting movements of the connected components relative to one another, the components removed from the end of the arch support 1 are always connected to two other components, which in turn are each connected to each other via a longitudinal connection. The two lateral connections 8 together with the longitudinal connection therebetween form a triangle which stabilizes the arch shape.

In the embodiment with at least two arch supports 1, the arch supports 1 are connected to one another via transverse connections 7. The cross connections 7 lead in each arch support 1 by a longitudinal connection 5 each have a row 4a, 4b of components 6. The components 6 of the other row 4b, 4a are relative to the cross connections 7 slightly offset against the inside 2 of the arch support 1 out. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer longitudinal side of an inwardly staggered component 6 bears against the inner longitudinal side of a transverse connection 7. This means that the width of the transverse connection 7, or its extent in the direction from the inner against the outer side, is adapted to the length of the components 6 and to the angle between the components 6. As already mentioned in the introduction, cross connections 7 can also be arranged offset to the longitudinal connections.

It goes without saying that at a different width of the cross-connection 7, or at other lengths of the components 6 and / or other angles between the components 6, a contact between inwardly staggered components 6 and the associated cross-connections 7 preferably by the formation can be ensured by recesses on the cross connections 7 or on the components 6, or by inserted spacers.

With parallel staggered sheet carriers 1 and with straight cross-connections 7 arc halls are built. In order to provide arc sheds with a length which exceeds the length of the cross connections 7, the arc halls are constructed in sections, wherein the length of a portion of the length of the cross connections 7 corresponds. One section comprises, for example, three arch supports 1. The adjoining transverse connections 7 of the sections are preferably connected to one another in a butt end, wherein any connection means can be used.

The arch supports 1 can also be used to provide dome-shaped structures. In this case, for example, different sized arch supports 1 can be placed next to each other. It is also possible that the same sheet carrier 1 of a at the highest point dome center extend in radial directions outwards and downwards. Because the longitudinal connections to be connected to adjacent transverse arch supports 1 are no longer arranged along straight lines, the cross connections 7 then preferably only extend between two longitudinal connections 7 in each case. A dome shape can also be achieved in that the corresponding ends of all arch supports are close lie together and the sheet carriers lie in planes that are inclined differently to the horizontal.

Embodiments are also possible in which sheet carriers 1 without cross connections 7 are used. In this case, the longitudinal connections 5 can be formed directly by means of connecting means and optionally connected to the components 6 which are offset inwards.

Fig. 2 shows the bow device 9 an arcade, which is constructed of sheet carriers 1 and cross connections 7. The components 6 of the arch support 1 have at the longitudinal connections 5 on the front side blunt areas of contact. The longitudinal joints 5 are each against the outside 3 slightly above the components 6 of the next, or on the inside 2, extending row before. On the arch supports 1, curved strips 11 are arranged along the convex outer side, so that the outer contour of the arch device is formed by the outer sides of the transverse components and the outer sides of the curved strips.

The arch supports 1 are constructed from at least three different components 6. First components 6a are arranged as standard components only spaced from the ends of the sheet carrier 1. Second and third components 6b, 6c are arranged as short or long end pieces at both ends of the sheet carrier 1. In sheet carriers 1 with three or more juxtaposed rows of components more end pieces would be arranged with intermediate lengths at both ends of the sheet carrier 1. The end pieces each lead from the end of the arch support to the first, second, third and possibly to further longitudinal connections 5.

In the illustrated arch hall, the arch supports 1 comprise two rows of components. An angle in the range of 10 ° to 18 °, in particular 12 ° to 16 °, is preferably between the longitudinal axes of the first components 6a, which run partially next to one another formed by substantially 13.8 °. Correspondingly, an angle in the range from 160 ° to 144 °, in particular from 156 ° to 148 °, preferably of substantially 152.4 °, is formed between the longitudinal axes of the first components 6a, which are subsequently arranged on one another. When using first components 6a with a length of substantially 2 meters and the two preferred angles 13.8 ° and 152.4 °, arch carriers are formed with a radius of curvature of substantially 4 meters. The arched hall constructed in this way has a large interior space 10 that can be used standing upright for people, or a room height h of 2 m is ensured in a large part of the floor plan.

Fig. 3 shows an enlarged section of the sheet device 9 according to Fig. 2 , In the region of the longitudinal connections 5, the curved strips 11 are guided through first recesses 7a of the transverse connections 7 and along sections 12 of the components 6a, so that the outer contours of the transverse connections 7 and the curved strips 11 lie in a common area. Underneath the curved strip 11, if necessary, starting from the first recess 7a, a bore, not shown, is formed against the first component 6a resting thereon, so that the transverse connection 7 is firmly connected to the abutting component 6a with a screw inserted into the bore.

Fig. 4 shows a cross-connection 7 with first recesses 7a for the curved strips 11. On the first recesses 7a opposite side, if appropriate, second recesses 7b are formed, in which the longitudinal connections 5 are used. Optionally, the second recesses are so wide that also on the inside 2 continuous components 6 can be accommodated, in which case the receiving depth for the continuous components 6 depends on the width of the components 6 and the angles between the components 6. In the execution according to 3 and 4 the second recesses 7b are formed only for engagement in the longitudinal connections 5. The cross connections 7 can be made of the same material, in particular of boards, as the components 6 of the arch support 1, wherein they are then referred to as transverse components.

The FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 show first components 6a, which are arranged as standard components only spaced from the ends of the sheet carrier 1, and second and third components 6b, 6c, which as short or long end pieces at both ends of the sheet carrier 1 are arranged. For the lateral connections 8 between adjacent components through-holes 8a and preferably annular grooves 8a are formed. The sections 12 of the components 6a, 6b and 6c are formed such that the outer contour of the transverse connections 7 and the curved strips 11 lie in a common area. The components 6 have end-side recesses 13 and contact regions 14 on the end faces. Now, if the contact portions 14 of two components 6 abut each other, so form the two end recesses 13 a receiving area for the cross-connection 7 and its corresponding second recess 7b. The longitudinal connection 5 is stabilized by the transverse connection 7 engaging in the end-side recesses 13. Optionally, the stability is additionally increased by means of screws, other connecting means or gluing.

Figure 8 shows enlarged the annular groove 8b with the central through-hole 8a. In the case of a lateral connection 8, an unillustrated metal ring now simultaneously engages in the mutually facing annular grooves 8b of two components 6 to be connected to one another. In the through hole 8a, a screw is used, which presses with a arranged on the opposite side nut, the components to be joined. The inserted metal ring, together with the central screw connection, ensures that the connected components are substantially immovable relative to one another. It goes without saying that instead of the annular groove and a blind hole and possibly instead of the ring ev. A disc with through hole can be used. When the components 6 of the arch supports 1 are connected with screw connections, the arch supports 1 can be assembled at the place of use.

If three rows of components 6 are adjacent to each other, a continuous hole with the diameter of the ring, or the disc is formed in the component 6 of the middle row and the ring or the disc extends through the middle component on both sides in the region of the other two components 6. In four rows, the lateral connections can be arranged analogously or in pairs between two components 6.

For the lateral connections are basically all known from the prior art connections between wooden components used, for example Glue joint. For connections that require longer machining times and special devices, at least parts of the arch supports are assembled at one production site.

Claims (10)

Arc device with at least one arch support (1), which has a curved shape in a side view with a concave inner side (2) and a convex outer side (3) and along its longitudinal extent a first row (4a) via longitudinal connections (5) adjoining each other, having straight components (6), wherein between the longitudinal axes of directly adjoining components (6) are formed angles which correspond to the desired curvature of the sheet carrier (1), characterized in that each sheet carrier (1) at least one further row (4b) via Longitudinal connections (5) adjoining, straight components (6), wherein - Also formed between the longitudinal axes of directly adjoining components (6) of at least one further row (4b) angle corresponding to the desired curvature shape of the sheet carrier (1), the at least one further row (4b) runs next to the first row (4a), - Between the longitudinal axes of partially juxtaposed components (6) of the first (4a) and the at least one further row (4b) deviating from 0 ° angles are formed and - The components (6) of the first (4a) against the components (6) of the at least one further row (4b) in the direction of the sheet carrier longitudinal extent are offset from each other, so that in the longitudinal connections (5) between components (6) of the one Row (4a, 4b) through portions of the components (6) of the other row (4b, 4a) are arranged. A bow device according to claim 1, characterized in that the components (6) of a row (4a, 4b) each at the longitudinal connections (5) comprise frontal blunt contact areas and the longitudinal connections (5) of a row (4a, 4b) respectively on the outside ( 3) projecting slightly beyond the adjacent components (6) of the at least one other row (4b, 4a). Arch device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each sheet carrier (1) of at least three different components (6a, 6b, 6c) is constructed, first components (6a) as standard components only from the ends of the sheet carrier (1) spaced are arranged and end pieces with different lengths - short, long and possibly intermediate lengths - as second, third and possibly further components (6b, 6c) are formed, wherein at both ends of the sheet carrier (1) in each case at least a second and a third, but possibly also a further component (6b , 6c) is arranged. Arch device according to claim 3, characterized in that the offset in the longitudinal extension adjacent components (6) of two rows (4a, 4b) of a sheet carrier (1) via lateral connections (8) are interconnected, preferably in areas where they abut each other have adjacent surfaces. A bow device according to claim 4, characterized in that the lateral connections (8) are formed as screw connections, preferably in the components annular grooves (8b) or blind holes with central through holes (8a) are formed and rings or discs simultaneously in the facing annular Grooves (8b) or blind holes are used, so that the connected via central screw connections components (6) against each other are substantially immovable. An arch device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the at least one sheet carrier (1) comprises two rows of components (6) and between the longitudinal axes of the first components (6a), which partially extend side by side, an angle in the range of 10 ° is formed to 18 °, in particular from 12 ° to 16 °, preferably of substantially 13.8 °, wherein correspondingly between the longitudinal axes of first components (6a), which are subsequently formed on each other, an angle in the range of 160 ° to 144 °, in particular is formed by 156 ° to 148 °, preferably of substantially 152.4 °, so that for example in first components (6a) with a length of substantially 2 meters and the two preferred angles 13.8 ° and 152.4 °, a sheet carrier (1) with a radius of curvature of substantially 4 meters arises. Bow device according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the sheet device comprises at least two sheet carriers (1) which are interconnected via transverse connections (7), wherein the transverse connections (7) of transverse components are formed, which are connected to each sheet carrier (1) with at least one component (6), but preferably by a longitudinal connection (5) in each case a row (4a, 4b) of components (6). Arch device according to claim 7, characterized in that the cross connections (7) and the components (6) of the arch support (1) in the longitudinal connections (5) via mutually adapted recesses (7b, 13) engage with each other and the transverse components with at cross connections (7) against the inside offset components (6) of the arch support (1) are in mutual abutment and are preferably connected by means of screws. Arch device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that curved strips (11) extend along the convex outer side (3) and thereby through first recesses (7a) of the transverse connections (7) and through sections (12) of the components (6) of the arch supports (1) are guided at the longitudinal connections (5), so that the outer contour of the sheet device of the outer sides of the transverse cross-connections (7) and the outer sides of the curved strips (11) is formed. Bow device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the components of the sheet carrier (1) and / or the cross connections (7) are boards which have a width in the range of 8cm to 16cm, in particular from 10cm to 14cm, preferably from within Substantially 12cm and have a thickness in the range of 12mm to 32mm, in particular from 18mm to 26mm, preferably from substantially 20 to 22mm.

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