EP2093832A1 - Système et procédé de groupement de puissance et de rayonnement d'énergie - Google Patents

Système et procédé de groupement de puissance et de rayonnement d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2093832A1
EP2093832A1 EP08250593A EP08250593A EP2093832A1 EP 2093832 A1 EP2093832 A1 EP 2093832A1 EP 08250593 A EP08250593 A EP 08250593A EP 08250593 A EP08250593 A EP 08250593A EP 2093832 A1 EP2093832 A1 EP 2093832A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ports
combining
patch
power
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08250593A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2093832B1 (fr
Inventor
David Crouch
David J. Canich
Kenneth A. Nicoles
Alan Ratttray
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Raytheon Co
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Raytheon Co
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Priority to EP08250593.4A priority Critical patent/EP2093832B1/fr
Publication of EP2093832A1 publication Critical patent/EP2093832A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • Some embodiments of the present invention pertain to the generation and transmission of microwave and/or millimeter wave energy. Some embodiments relate to power combining. Some embodiments relate to wireless communication systems. Some embodiments relate to active array antenna systems.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a power-combining system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of a four port combining-radiating assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 2B illustrates a side view of a portion of a combining-radiating assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of an eight port combining-radiating assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of an active array antenna in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a power-combining system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Power-combining system 100 may be used to generate coherent high-power wavefront 109.
  • power-combining system 100 may include combining-radiating assembly 108 and phase controllers 102.
  • Combining-radiating assembly 108 has a plurality of ports 114.
  • Phase controllers 102 may generate signals with a predetermined phase shift for an associated one of ports 114.
  • Power-combining system 100 may also include a plurality of coherent sources 104 to receive signals from an associated one of phase controllers 102 and to provide signals 105 to an associated port 114 with a predetermined phase shift.
  • energy from ports 114 may be coherently combined and radiated by combining-radiating assembly 108 to generate coherent high-power wavefront 109.
  • the term 'coherent wavefront' refers to a propagating electromagnetic wavefront of substantially constant phase.
  • the energy provided to ports 114 is not spatially combined in free space, as in a spatial combiner or phased-array.
  • the energy is concurrently combined within and radiated by combining-radiating assembly 108.
  • combining-radiating assembly 108 may operate as an antenna that transmits the combined energy.
  • combining-radiating assembly 108 may comprise a patch with ports 114 around the patch.
  • the patch may combine signals 105 and may radiate coherent high-power wavefront 109.
  • the patch may operate as an antenna that transmits the combined energy.
  • ports 114 may be spaced uniformly around the patch.
  • the patch may be circular and ports 114 may be uniformly spaced (e.g., radially) around the patch, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect as other shaped patches may also be suitable.
  • the patch may comprise a conductive material having either a substantially circular shape or a substantially regular polygonal shape, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect. Some examples of the patch are discussed in more detail below.
  • combining-radiating assembly 108 may comprise a linear-polarized horn antenna having an integrated coaxial-to-waveguide combiner to coherently combine energy from ports 114.
  • the use of combining-radiating assembly 108 may lessen and possibly even eliminate the need for circuit-based power combiners.
  • polarization diversity may be achieved by selectively setting the phase at each port 114 of combining-radiating assembly 108.
  • control over the phase at each port 114 may allow power-combining system 100 to at least partially compensate for degradation and possibly even failure of one or more of the signal paths.
  • power-combining system 100 may be used to transmit information wirelessly and may be part of a wireless communication system. In some other embodiments, power-combining system 100 may be part of an active array antenna system. These embodiments are described in more detail below.
  • output signals 105 from coherent sources 104 may comprise either microwave or millimeter-wave frequency signals.
  • each of coherent sources 104 may provide one of output signals 105 whose phase is set by that of an associated one of input signals 103 provided by an associated one of phase controllers 102.
  • the microwave frequencies may generally range between approximately one and 30 gigahertz (GHz) and the millimeter-wave signals may generally range between approximately 30 and 300 GHz, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • each of coherent sources 104 may comprise a phase-locked oscillator to provide one of output signals 105 that is phase-locked to an associated one of input signals 103.
  • the output frequency and output phase of output signals 105 may be phase locked to common input signal 101, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • each of coherent sources 104 may comprise up to several hundred or more small low-power amplifiers (e.g., one or more transistor cells) having relatively high input and output impedances (e.g., 50 Ohms), although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect. These amplifiers may be matched using conventional microwave design techniques, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • one or more of coherent sources 104 may comprise a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) to provide output signals 105 whose phase is set by the phase of an associated one of input signals 103.
  • TWTA traveling wave tube amplifier
  • one or more of coherent sources 104 may comprise a klystron amplifier or a solid-state amplifier, although other amplifiers may also be suitable. In these embodiments, the phase at the output of coherent sources 104 is determined by the phase at the input.
  • coherent sources 104 generate output signals 105 of substantially uniform amplitude for combining and radiating by combining-radiating assembly 108, although in other embodiments, the amplitude of output signals 105 may be varied. These embodiments are discussed in more detail below.
  • power-combining system 100 may include controller 110 coupled to phase controllers 102 to set the phase of signals at ports 114 of combining-radiating assembly 108 to generate coherent high-power wavefront 109.
  • controller 110 may be coupled to phase controllers 102 to set a phase progression of the signals at ports 114 to generate coherent high-power wavefront 109 with circular polarization.
  • controller 110 may provide for on-the-fly polarization by setting a phase of the signals at ports 114 to selectively provide one of a right-hand circularly polarized wavefront, a left-hand circularly polarized wavefront, a horizontally polarized wavefront or a vertically polarized wavefront.
  • controller 110 may set the phase shifts for each of phase controllers 102 based on an initial calibration for each port 114.
  • memory 116 may store a predetermined phase offset and/or amplitude offset for each port 114 based on the initial calibration to provide the predetermined phase shift at each port 114 during operation.
  • controller 110 may cause phase controllers 102 to offset the phase and/or amplitude for each port 114 based on the predetermined phase offset and amplitude offset stored in memory 116.
  • phase controllers 102 may be phase and amplitude controllers.
  • the phase and/or amplitude for each port 114 may be optimized so that reflected power at each port 114 is minimized. In these embodiments, rather than minimizing reflections and matching the input for each of ports 114 individually, reflections from all ports 114 may be minimized concurrently. In this way, maximum power may be transferred to combining-radiating assembly 108 for combining and radiating.
  • power-combining system 100 may also include optional dual-directional couplers 106 in the signal path prior to ports 114.
  • Dual directional couplers 106 may be used to measure incident and reflected power from ports 114 during operation. Data derived from these measurements may be used as part of a built-in-test system.
  • Dual-directional couplers 106 may also be used to monitor reflected energy from ports 114 during calibration to determine the phase and/or amplitude offsets for use by controller 110.
  • combining-radiating assembly 108 may have N ports 114 while possessing N-fold rotational symmetry. In these embodiments, combining-radiating assembly 108 may be geometrically invariant to rotations of 360/N degrees. In these embodiments, a phase progression of ⁇ 360 degrees divided by N may be set between ports 114 by controller 110 to generate coherent high-power wavefront 109 with either right-hand or left-hand circular polarization, depending on the sign of the phase progression.
  • power-combining system 100 may be coupled to master controller and user interface 112.
  • Master controller and user interface 112 may allow a user to select and set the type of polarization (i.e., right-hand circular, left-hand circular, vertical linear, horizontal linear) of coherent wavefront 109 as well as the power level of coherent wavefront 109.
  • Master controller and user interface 112 may also be used during calibration.
  • master controller and user interface 112 may be used to steer and/or direct coherent high-power wavefront 109 in various directions, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect. These embodiments are discussed in more detail below.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of a four port combining-radiating assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Four port combining-radiating assembly 200 may be suitable for use as combining-radiating assembly 108 ( FIG. 1 ), although other combining-radiating assemblies may also be suitable.
  • Combining-radiating assembly 200 may include ports 204A, 204B, 204C and 204D and patch 202.
  • Conductive strips 206 may couple one of ports 204A, 204B, 204C and 204D to patch 202.
  • patch 202 may be fabricated on first insulating substrate 212 and conductive strips 206 may be fabricated on second insulating substrate 216.
  • ports 204A, 204B, 204C and 204D may correspond to ports 114 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • four ports 204A, 204B, 204C and 204D may generate coherent wavefront 109 ( FIG. 1 ) with right-hand circular polarization.
  • controller 110 sets the relative phase at port 204A to zero degrees, the relative phase at port 204B to 90 degrees, the relative phase at port 204C to 180 degrees, and the relative phase at port 204D to 270 degrees.
  • controller 110 to generate wavefront 109 ( FIG. 1 ) with left-hand circular polarization, controller 110 ( FIG.
  • controller 110 sets the relative phase at port 204A to zero degrees, the relative phase at port 204B to -90 degrees, the relative phase at port 204C to -180 degrees, and the relative phase at port 204D to -270 degrees.
  • controller 110 sets the relative phases at ports 204A and 204D to zero degrees and the relative phase at ports 204B and 204 C to 180 degrees.
  • controller 110 sets the relative phases at ports 204A and 204B to zero degrees and the relative phase at port 204C and 204D to 180 degrees.
  • ports 204A, 204B, 204C and 204D when four ports 204A, 204B, 204C and 204D are used to generate coherent wavefront 109 ( FIG. 1 ) with either horizontal or vertical linear polarization, ports 204A, 204B, 204C and 204D may be spaced substantially ninety degrees apart from each other around patch 202 as illustrated in FIG. 2A , although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect. Controller 110 ( FIG.
  • the linear polarization may be either horizontal or vertical depending on which adjacent ports are provided the in-phase signals.
  • the amplitude of the signals at each of the four ports may be the same, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • patch 202 may have a circular shape, as illustrated in FIG. 2A .
  • patch 202 may have a rectangular or square shape with multiple ports arranged on opposite sides of the patch.
  • the phases of the signals provided at the ports may be selected to provide a linearly-polarized wavefront.
  • the rectangular or square shaped patch may have four or more ports.
  • N eight ports may be used to generate a wavefront with either right-hand or left-hand circular polarization. In some other eight port embodiments, eight ports may be used to generate a coherent wavefront with a linear polarization. These embodiments are described in more detail below.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates a side view of a portion of a combining-radiating assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates first non-conductive substrate 212 having patch 202 disposed thereon, and second non-conductive substrate 216 having conductive strips 206 disposed thereon.
  • each conductive strip 206 may signal-couple one of ports 204 to patch 202.
  • Second non-conductive substrate 216 may have ground plane 218 disposed on the side opposite of conductive strips 206.
  • Port 204, illustrated in FIG. 2B may correspond to any one or more of ports 204A - 204D ( FIG. 2A ).
  • first and second non-conductive substrates 212 & 216 may comprise printed circuit boards (PCBs), such as Duroid or alumina, although other non-conductive substrate materials may also be suitable.
  • PCBs printed circuit boards
  • patch 202, conductive strips 206 and ground plane 218 may comprise a conductive material such as copper, gold, aluminum and/or silver, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • ports 204 may comprise electromagnetically-coupled ports.
  • electromagnetic signals 203 may be coupled between conductive strips 206 and patch 202.
  • each port 204 may comprise an open-ended conductive strip 206 disposed on non-conductive substrate 216 to couple electromagnetic energy from each conductive strip 206 to patch 202.
  • open-ended conductive strips 206 may extend and terminate under patch 202 as illustrated.
  • open-ended conductive strips 206 may be electrically insulated from patch 202, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • open-ended conductive strips 206 may comprise microstrip feed lines, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • ports 204 may comprise a connector, such as an SMA connector, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • the center conductor of each connector may couple with one of conductive strips 206.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of an eight port combining-radiating assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Eight port combining-radiating assembly 300 may be suitable for use as combining-radiating assembly 108 ( FIG. 1 ), although other combining-radiating assemblies may also be used.
  • Eight port combining-radiating assembly 300 may include patch 302, which may be similar to patch 202 ( FIGs. 2A & 2B ), conductive strips 306, which may be similar to conductive strips 206 ( FIGs. 2A & 2B ), and ports 304A - 304H, which may be similar to ports 204A - 204D ( FIG. 2A ) or port 204 ( FIG. 2B ).
  • patch 302 may be fabricated on a first insulating substrate, which may be similar to first insulating substrate 212 ( FIG. 2B ), and conductive strips 306 may be fabricated on a second insulating substrate, which may be similar to second insulating substrate 216 ( FIG. 2B ), although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • controller 110 sets the relative phase at port 304A to zero degrees, the relative phase at port 304B to 45 degrees, the relative phase at port 304C to 90 degrees, the relative phase at port 304D to 135 degrees, the relative phase at port 304E to 180 degrees, the relative phase at port 304F to 225 degrees, the relative phase at port 304G to 270 degrees, and the relative phase at port 304H to 315 degrees.
  • controller 110 to generate wavefront 109 ( FIG. 1 ) with left-hand circular polarization, controller 110 ( FIG.
  • the relative phase at port 304A sets the relative phase at port 304A to zero degrees, the relative phase at port 304B to -45 degrees, the relative phase at port 304C to -90 degrees, the relative phase at port 304D to -135 degrees, the relative phase at port 304E to -180 degrees, the relative phase at port 304F to -225 degrees, and the relative phase at port 304G to -270 degrees, and the relative phase at port 304H to -315 degrees.
  • the amplitude of the signals at each of ports 304A - 304H may be the same, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • patch 302 is illustrated as having a circular shape, the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect. In alternate embodiments, patch 302 may have regular polygonal shape (e.g., octagonal).
  • ports 304A - 304H may be used to generate wavefront 109 ( FIG. 1 ) with either horizontal or vertical linear polarization.
  • controller 110 FIG. 1
  • alternate ports may be set to lower amplitude levels.
  • FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of an active array antenna system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Active array antenna system 400 may generate high-power coherent wavefront 409.
  • Active array antenna system 400 may comprise combining-radiating assembly 408 comprising a plurality of combining-radiating elements 402.
  • Each combining-radiating element 402 may have a plurality of ports.
  • Active array antenna system 400 may also include a plurality of power-generating systems 412.
  • Each power-generating system 412 may be associated with one of combining-radiating elements 402 and may generate signals for each port of the associated combining-radiating elements 402.
  • each combining-radiating element 402 may comprise a conductive patch, such as patch 202 ( FIG. 2A ) or patch 302 ( FIG. 3 ) although other types of combining-radiating element or patches may also be suitable.
  • combining-radiating assembly 408 may comprise an array of individual combining-radiating assemblies, such as an array of individual combining-radiating assembly 108 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • Each power-generating system 412 and an associated one of individual combining-radiating assembly 108 ( FIG. 1 ) may correspond to power-combining system 100 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • combining-radiating assembly 408 is illustrated as a 4X4 array of sixteen individual combining-radiating assemblies, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect as almost any number of combining-radiating assemblies may be used.
  • the coherent wavefront generated by each individual combining-radiating assembly may be combined in-phase.
  • master controller and user interface 112 may steer and/or direct combined high-power coherent wavefront 409. Accordingly, in these embodiments, a large amount of coherent energy may be directed toward a target.
  • master controller and user interface 112 may include one or more controllers, such as controller 110 ( FIG. 1 ), to provide for on-the-fly polarization by setting a phase of the signals at individual ports 114 ( FIG. 1 ) of each combining-radiating elements 402 to selectively provide one of a right-hand circularly polarized wavefront, a left-hand circularly polarized wavefront, a horizontally polarized wavefront or a vertically polarized wavefront generated by each combining-radiating element 402.
  • this port-to port phase controls the polarization of the energy generated by each combining-radiating element 402.
  • master controller and user interface 112 may further control the element-to-element phase (i.e., the phase between combining-radiating elements 402) to determine the beam-steering direction, although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.
  • power-combining system 100 FIG. 1
  • active array antenna system 400 FIG. 4
  • the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements of system 100 ( FIG. 1 ) and system 400 ( FIG. 4 ) may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP08250593.4A 2008-02-20 2008-02-20 Système et procédé de groupement de puissance et de rayonnement d'énergie Active EP2093832B1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3062524A1 (fr) * 2017-02-01 2018-08-03 Thales Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire
EP4325881A4 (fr) * 2021-05-26 2024-06-05 Chengdu T-Ray Technology Co., Ltd. Structure d'antenne microruban et dispositif de communication

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US4755829A (en) 1987-02-20 1988-07-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Space power combiner
US20030179139A1 (en) 2002-03-21 2003-09-25 Nemit Jeffery T. Wide bandwidth phased array antenna system
US20050073461A1 (en) 2003-10-02 2005-04-07 Toyon Research Corporation Switched-resonance antenna phase shifter and phased array incorporation same
US20060007044A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2006-01-12 Crouch David D Multiple-port patch antenna

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US4755829A (en) 1987-02-20 1988-07-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Space power combiner
US20030179139A1 (en) 2002-03-21 2003-09-25 Nemit Jeffery T. Wide bandwidth phased array antenna system
US20050073461A1 (en) 2003-10-02 2005-04-07 Toyon Research Corporation Switched-resonance antenna phase shifter and phased array incorporation same
US20060007044A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2006-01-12 Crouch David D Multiple-port patch antenna

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Title
TANAKA T ET AL: "CIRCULARLY POLARIZED PRINTED ANTENNA COMBINING SLOTS AND PATCH", IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY, TOKYO, JP, vol. E90B, no. 3, 1 March 2007 (2007-03-01), pages 621 - 629, XP001541881, ISSN: 0916-8516 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3062524A1 (fr) * 2017-02-01 2018-08-03 Thales Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire
WO2018141882A1 (fr) * 2017-02-01 2018-08-09 Thales Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire
CN110506365A (zh) * 2017-02-01 2019-11-26 塔莱斯公司 包括平面辐射设备的基本天线
US10992061B2 (en) 2017-02-01 2021-04-27 Thales Elementary antenna comprising amplification chains for delivering signals to and amplifying signals arising from a planar radiating device thereof
IL268066B (en) * 2017-02-01 2022-12-01 Thales Sa An elementary hexagon that includes a planar radiating device
IL268066B2 (en) * 2017-02-01 2023-04-01 Thales Sa An elementary hexagon that includes a planar radiating device
EP4325881A4 (fr) * 2021-05-26 2024-06-05 Chengdu T-Ray Technology Co., Ltd. Structure d'antenne microruban et dispositif de communication

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