EP2093393A1 - Lubrication circuit and associated pump - Google Patents

Lubrication circuit and associated pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2093393A1
EP2093393A1 EP09151707A EP09151707A EP2093393A1 EP 2093393 A1 EP2093393 A1 EP 2093393A1 EP 09151707 A EP09151707 A EP 09151707A EP 09151707 A EP09151707 A EP 09151707A EP 2093393 A1 EP2093393 A1 EP 2093393A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
oil
engine
crankshaft
variable displacement
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Granted
Application number
EP09151707A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2093393B1 (en
Inventor
Jérome Portier
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Publication of EP2093393A1 publication Critical patent/EP2093393A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F01M2001/0207—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps characterised by the type of pump
    • F01M2001/0238—Rotary pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F01M2001/0207—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps characterised by the type of pump
    • F01M2001/0246—Adjustable pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F01M2001/0253—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps characterised by the pump driving means
    • F01M2001/0269—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps characterised by the pump driving means driven by the crankshaft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lubrication circuit of an internal combustion engine.
  • the circuit described in the present invention makes it possible to reduce the energy losses without penalizing other services, in particular the total volume of oil present in the circuit. This is achieved by the judicious integration of a variable displacement pump, preferably at the end of the crankshaft.
  • the invention also relates to a variable displacement pump capable of being implanted in such a circuit.
  • an internal combustion engine In operation, an internal combustion engine involves many moving mechanical elements. To prevent wear of moving parts, as well as to limit friction and associated energy losses, these parts must be lubricated.
  • the engine therefore comprises a lubricant circuit responsible for supplying oil to the various components of the engine to be lubricated.
  • the lubricant traditionally used in an internal combustion engine is usually oil, we use these two terms in an equivalent way.
  • At least one positive displacement pump generally with fixed displacement, makes it possible to ensure adequate circulation of oil in the circuit. It is usually a pump mechanically actuated by the motor, by direct drive, or through a mechanical link that can be a chain or cascade of gears.
  • the amount of oil required for proper lubrication of the engine depends essentially on its speed. However, the variation of the oil flow rate in the circuit caused by the rotational speed variation of the pump does not correspond to the oil flow variation that would be strictly necessary for the good lubrication of the engine.
  • the pumps are generally sized to provide the maximum flow required. This implies that the pump is oversized for most engine operating points. An excessive quantity of oil is then sent into the circuit, which quantity is generally regulated by a pressure relief valve. If this system provides a mechanically satisfactory response, it generates significant energy losses in the circuit, and a couple of training to impose on the pump higher than it should be to ensure the adequate flow of lubricant.
  • variable displacement pump in the lubrication circuit of an engine.
  • Such pumps include a controller that can be moved to vary the displacement of the pump.
  • a feedback mechanism is generally present: oil pressurized by the pump actuates the control member, which causes the displacement of the displacement of the pump to avoid overpressure in the circuit.
  • This type of pump can be of the "paddle" type.
  • the control member is then a ring, eccentric of the driving axis of the pump and mobile, which allows the variation of the volume of small rooms defined by pallets.
  • the patent US4342545 presents such a pump.
  • small engines can adopt a 3 or even 2-cylinder architecture, which makes it necessary to use a balancing shaft to compensate for the unequal distribution of the masses of inertia inherent in these architectures.
  • the balancing systems are necessarily positioned at the bottom of the engines, thus limiting the capacity of the oil tank.
  • the use of a particulate filter on a diesel engine can cause a phenomenon of dilution of the oil with fuel and the increase of the carbon content (oil wear) during regeneration of the filter by post -injection of fuel into the engine. These phenomena affect the lubricity of the oil.
  • a simple way to counter this phenomenon is to guarantee a maximum volume of oil to limit the dilution rate.
  • the present invention is therefore particularly advantageous in the context of non-exclusive low-cylinder diesel engines, 2 or 3 cylinders and provided with a pollution control system generating pollution or accelerated dilution of the oil.
  • the solution to these problems is to position directly on one of the faces of the engine perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine, and more particularly at the end of the crankshaft, a variable displacement pump ensuring the circulation.
  • lubricant in a lubrication circuit of an internal combustion engine is maximized, while allowing the energy gain associated with the use of a variable displacement pump.
  • the variable displacement pump preferably used is of the pallet type.
  • one of the challenges of the present invention is to use a sufficiently compact device to release volume in the oil tank, without being penalizing in terms of size or implantation.
  • the variable vane pump technology with pallets allows, thanks to a work of optimization and dimensioning at the fairest, to keep substantially the same volume and the same external geometry as a conventional fixed geometry pump.
  • the invention also relates to such a variable displacement vane pump that can be used in a lubricant circuit as described in the invention.
  • the pump is remarkable in that it has a particular interface for its direct actuation by the crankshaft of the engine. More particularly, this interface comprises at least one flat part allowing the rotational drive of the pump by the crankshaft.
  • the present invention is however not limited to the use of this type of pump, and can also relate to a lubrication circuit comprising a variable displacement pump with pinions or any other type of variable displacement pump.
  • the invention therefore relates to a lubrication circuit of a combustion engine comprising a main branch passing through an oil reservoir and the combustion engine and comprising a variable displacement pump, preferably of the pallet type, to ensure the circulation of the oil in the circuit, characterized in that said pump is positioned on one of the faces of the engine perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine.
  • the variable displacement pump is driven directly by the crankshaft, without bringing into play intermediate mechanical transmission elements.
  • the pump is then preferably mounted end crankshaft.
  • the variable displacement pump has a direct drive interface by the crankshaft having at least one flat, and preferably two, ensuring the rotational drive of the pump.
  • Such a pump is also the subject of the present invention.
  • One or more grooves can also be arranged on this interface.
  • the figure 1 shows a partial view of the lubrication circuit of an internal combustion engine with an oil pump implanted in accordance with the present invention.
  • the figure 2 presents a variable displacement oil pump according to the invention.
  • the figure 3 shows the power absorbed as a function of the engine speed with a fixed displacement pump and with a variable displacement pump installed according to the present invention.
  • the lubrication circuit of the present invention comprises a reservoir 1 (oil tank), for containing oil for the lubrication of a motor 2.
  • a pump 3 circulates the oil in the main branch 4 of the circuit, which supplies the engine with lubricant.
  • Pump 3 is a vane-type variable-rate pump. This type of pump is implanted in the prior art in the oil tank 1. In the invention, the pump 3 is located in a zone that does not penalize the volume of the oil tank.
  • the pump 3 is located directly at the end of the crankshaft 5, on a face of the engine 2 perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft 5.
  • the pump 3 is rotated directly by the crankshaft 5, without putting into play intermediate transmission system, which could lead to less reliability as well as energy losses.
  • the variable displacement pump preferably used is of the pallet type.
  • the pump presented in figure 2 is an example of a pump designed to be used in a lubrication circuit according to the present invention, and it is also the object.
  • This pump comprises movable vanes 31 and an adjusting ring 32 for varying the displacement of the pump.
  • This ring is mobilized by the pressure of the oil at the pump outlet 33 or, in another variant of the pump, by an oil return expressing the pressure at the engine inlet.
  • the pump presented in figure 2 is not equipped with this return. The oil enters the pump through the inlet 34 and out of the outlet 33.
  • this pump vis-à-vis the variable displacement pumps known in the prior art is to be actuated in rotation around its main axis directly by the crankshaft 5, which has a shape concordant with the interface of the pump created for this purpose.
  • the interface of the pump with the crankshaft is provided with at least one flat part 35, and preferably with two flats, and possibly comprises at least one groove 36.
  • the figure 3 allows to understand the energy gain obtained with the use of a variable displacement pump.
  • the rotational speed of the engine in revolutions per minute (rpm) the ordinate is carried a power index absorbed by the pump.
  • the power consumption index is 1.
  • the dotted line corresponds to the power absorbed by a fixed geometry pump, while the solid line corresponds to the power absorbed by a variable geometry pump on the same application.
  • a discharge valve opens in the case of the use of a fixed geometry pump, but the absorbed power continues to increase in proportion to the speed of rotation of the motor, and therefore the pump.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The system has a main branch (4) traversing an oil reservoir (1) i.e. oil basin, and an internal combustion engine (2). A variable cylinder vane type oil pump (3) assures circulation of oil in the system. The pump is directly mounted on a combustion engine surface that is perpendicular to a rotational axis of a crankshaft (5) of the engine, and is driven directly by the crankshaft of the engine. An actuating interface has a groove that assures rotary driving of the pump by the crankshaft.

Description

L'invention porte sur un circuit de lubrification d'un moteur à combustion interne. En particulier, le circuit décrit dans la présente invention permet de réduire les pertes énergétiques sans pénaliser d'autres prestations, en particulier le volume total d'huile présent dans le circuit. Ceci est obtenu par l'intégration judicieuse d'une pompe à cylindrée variable, préférentiellement en bout de vilebrequin. L'invention porte également sur une pompe à cylindrée variable à même d'être implantée dans un tel circuit.The invention relates to a lubrication circuit of an internal combustion engine. In particular, the circuit described in the present invention makes it possible to reduce the energy losses without penalizing other services, in particular the total volume of oil present in the circuit. This is achieved by the judicious integration of a variable displacement pump, preferably at the end of the crankshaft. The invention also relates to a variable displacement pump capable of being implanted in such a circuit.

Lors de son fonctionnement, un moteur à combustion interne met en jeu de nombreux éléments mécaniques en mouvement. Afin de prévenir l'usure des pièces en mouvement, ainsi que pour limiter les frottements et les pertes d'énergie associées, ces pièces doivent être lubrifiées. Le moteur comporte donc un circuit de lubrifiant chargé d'alimenter en huile les différentes pièces constitutives du moteur devant être lubrifiées.In operation, an internal combustion engine involves many moving mechanical elements. To prevent wear of moving parts, as well as to limit friction and associated energy losses, these parts must be lubricated. The engine therefore comprises a lubricant circuit responsible for supplying oil to the various components of the engine to be lubricated.

Le lubrifiant traditionnellement employé dans un moteur à combustion interne étant généralement de l'huile, nous utilisons ces deux termes de façon équivalente.The lubricant traditionally used in an internal combustion engine is usually oil, we use these two terms in an equivalent way.

Au moins une pompe volumétrique, généralement à cylindrée fixe, permet d'assurer une circulation d'huile adéquate dans le circuit. Il s'agit généralement d'une pompe actionnée mécaniquement par le moteur, par entrainement direct, ou par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison mécanique pouvant être une chaine ou une cascade de pignons.At least one positive displacement pump, generally with fixed displacement, makes it possible to ensure adequate circulation of oil in the circuit. It is usually a pump mechanically actuated by the motor, by direct drive, or through a mechanical link that can be a chain or cascade of gears.

La quantité d'huile nécessaire à la bonne lubrification du moteur dépend essentiellement de son régime. Cependant, la variation de débit d'huile dans le circuit provoquée par variation de vitesse de rotation de la pompe ne correspond pas à la variation de débit d'huile qui serait strictement nécessaire à la bonne lubrification du moteur.The amount of oil required for proper lubrication of the engine depends essentially on its speed. However, the variation of the oil flow rate in the circuit caused by the rotational speed variation of the pump does not correspond to the oil flow variation that would be strictly necessary for the good lubrication of the engine.

Afin de palier à cette différence entre le débit de la pompe et la quantité d'huile nécessaire à la lubrification du moteur, les pompes sont généralement dimensionnées pour apporter le débit maximal requis. Cela implique que la pompe est surdimensionnée pour la plupart des points de fonctionnement du moteur. Une quantité d'huile trop importante est alors envoyée dans le circuit, quantité qui est généralement régulée par un clapet de surpression. Si ce système apporte une réponse mécaniquement satisfaisante, il engendre des pertes énergétiques importantes dans le circuit, et un couple d'entrainement à imposer à la pompe supérieur à ce qu'il devrait être pour assurer le débit adéquat de lubrifiant.In order to overcome this difference between the pump flow rate and the amount of oil required for engine lubrication, the pumps are generally sized to provide the maximum flow required. This implies that the pump is oversized for most engine operating points. An excessive quantity of oil is then sent into the circuit, which quantity is generally regulated by a pressure relief valve. If this system provides a mechanically satisfactory response, it generates significant energy losses in the circuit, and a couple of training to impose on the pump higher than it should be to ensure the adequate flow of lubricant.

Il est connu pour palier à ce problème d'employer une pompe à cylindrée variable dans le circuit de lubrification d'un moteur. De telles pompes, incluent un organe de commande qui peut être déplacé pour faire varier la cylindrée de la pompe. Un mécanisme de rétroaction est généralement présent : de l'huile mise sous pression par la pompe actionne l'organe de commande, ce qui entraine la variation de cylindrée de la pompe afin d'éviter toute surpression dans le circuit. Ce type de pompe peut être du type « à palettes ». L'organe de commande est alors un anneau, excentrique de l'axe d'entrainement de la pompe et mobile, qui permet la variation du volume de petites chambres définies par des palettes. Le brevet US4342545 présente une telle pompe.It is known to overcome this problem to employ a variable displacement pump in the lubrication circuit of an engine. Such pumps include a controller that can be moved to vary the displacement of the pump. A feedback mechanism is generally present: oil pressurized by the pump actuates the control member, which causes the displacement of the displacement of the pump to avoid overpressure in the circuit. This type of pump can be of the "paddle" type. The control member is then a ring, eccentric of the driving axis of the pump and mobile, which allows the variation of the volume of small rooms defined by pallets. The patent US4342545 presents such a pump.

Ces pompes présentent cependant un certain nombre d'inconvénients. Il est nécessaire pour actionner la pompe de la relier au vilebrequin du moteur par un système complexe de transmission du mouvement, pouvant être une chaine, ou une cascade d'engrenages. Par ailleurs, elles sont implantées dans le bac à huile (réservoir de lubrifiant), ce qui limite de fait le volume disponible pour l'huile dans le bac. Typiquement, sur une application Diesel à 4 cylindres, de 1,6L de cylindrée, l'emploi d'une pompe à huile à cylindrée variable peut diminuer le volume disponible dans le bac à huile de 0,7 litres. Cela est particulièrement pénalisant dans la mesure où le volume du bac à huile est de plus en plus restreint par l'adoption de moteur compacts de faible cylindrée. Par ailleurs, les petits moteurs peuvent adopter une architecture à 3, voire à 2 cylindres, qui rend nécessaire l'emploi d'un arbre d'équilibrage pour compenser l'inégale répartition des masses d'inertie inhérents à ces architectures. Les systèmes d'équilibrage sont nécessairement positionnés en partie basse des moteurs, limitant ainsi de fait la contenance du bac à huile. Il est cependant extrêmement important de conserver un volume disponible pour l'huile dans le bac le plus important possible, afin de garantir une usure de l'huile compatible d'intervalles de maintenance (vidange de l'huile) suffisamment grands. Typiquement, l'utilisation d'un filtre à particules sur un moteur Diesel peut engendrer un phénomène de dilution de l'huile par du carburant et l'augmentation du taux de carbone (usure de l'huile) lors des régénérations du filtre par post-injection de carburant dans le moteur. Ces phénomènes nuisent au pouvoir lubrifiant de l'huile. Un moyen simple de contrer ce phénomène est de garantir un volume d'huile maximal pour limiter le taux de dilution.These pumps, however, have a number of disadvantages. It is necessary to actuate the pump to connect it to the crankshaft of the engine by a complex system of transmission of the movement, which can be a chain, or a cascade of gears. Furthermore, they are located in the oil tank (lubricant reservoir), which limits the volume available for the oil in the tank. Typically on a 4 cylinder, 1.6L displacement diesel application, the use of a variable displacement oil pump can reduce the available volume in the 0.7 liter oil tank. This is particularly disadvantageous in that the volume of the oil tank is increasingly restricted by the adoption of small compact engine compact. In addition, small engines can adopt a 3 or even 2-cylinder architecture, which makes it necessary to use a balancing shaft to compensate for the unequal distribution of the masses of inertia inherent in these architectures. The balancing systems are necessarily positioned at the bottom of the engines, thus limiting the capacity of the oil tank. However, it is extremely important to keep the available volume of oil in the tank as large as possible, in order to ensure that the oil is compatible with sufficiently large maintenance intervals (oil change). Typically, the use of a particulate filter on a diesel engine can cause a phenomenon of dilution of the oil with fuel and the increase of the carbon content (oil wear) during regeneration of the filter by post -injection of fuel into the engine. These phenomena affect the lubricity of the oil. A simple way to counter this phenomenon is to guarantee a maximum volume of oil to limit the dilution rate.

La présente invention se révèle donc particulièrement avantageuse dans le cadre non exclusif des moteurs Diesel de faible cylindrée, à 2 ou 3 cylindres et munis d'un système de dépollution générant une pollution ou une dilution accélérée de l'huile.The present invention is therefore particularly advantageous in the context of non-exclusive low-cylinder diesel engines, 2 or 3 cylinders and provided with a pollution control system generating pollution or accelerated dilution of the oil.

Dans la présente invention, la solution à ces problèmes consiste à positionner directement sur l'une des faces du moteur perpendiculaires à l'axe de rotation du vilebrequin du moteur, et plus particulièrement en bout de vilebrequin, une pompe à cylindrée variable assurant la circulation du lubrifiant dans un circuit de lubrification d'un moteur à combustion interne. Ainsi, le volume dans le bac à huile est maximisé, tout en permettant le gain énergétique lié à l'emploi d'une pompe à cylindrée variable. La pompe à cylindrée variable préférentiellement utilisée est de type à palettes. En effet, l'un des enjeux de la présente invention est d'employer un dispositif suffisamment compact pour libérer du volume dans le bac à huile, sans pour autant être pénalisant en termes d'encombrement ou d'implantation. La technologie de pompe à cylindrée variable à palettes permet, grâce à un travail d'optimisation et de dimensionnement au plus juste, de conserver sensiblement le même volume et la même géométrie extérieure qu'une pompe à géométrie fixe classique.In the present invention, the solution to these problems is to position directly on one of the faces of the engine perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine, and more particularly at the end of the crankshaft, a variable displacement pump ensuring the circulation. lubricant in a lubrication circuit of an internal combustion engine. Thus, the volume in the oil tank is maximized, while allowing the energy gain associated with the use of a variable displacement pump. The variable displacement pump preferably used is of the pallet type. Indeed, one of the challenges of the present invention is to use a sufficiently compact device to release volume in the oil tank, without being penalizing in terms of size or implantation. The variable vane pump technology with pallets allows, thanks to a work of optimization and dimensioning at the fairest, to keep substantially the same volume and the same external geometry as a conventional fixed geometry pump.

L'invention porte également sur une telle pompe à cylindrée variable à palettes à même d'être utilisée dans un circuit de lubrifiant tel que décrit dans l'invention. La pompe est remarquable en ce qu'elle présente une interface particulière pour son actionnement direct par le vilebrequin du moteur. Plus particulièrement, cette interface comporte au moins un méplat permettant l'entrainement en rotation de la pompe par le vilebrequin.The invention also relates to such a variable displacement vane pump that can be used in a lubricant circuit as described in the invention. The pump is remarkable in that it has a particular interface for its direct actuation by the crankshaft of the engine. More particularly, this interface comprises at least one flat part allowing the rotational drive of the pump by the crankshaft.

La présente invention ne se limite cependant pas à l'emploi de ce type de pompe, et peut également porter sur un circuit de lubrification comportant une pompe à cylindrée variable à pignons ou tout autre type de pompe à cylindrée variable.The present invention is however not limited to the use of this type of pump, and can also relate to a lubrication circuit comprising a variable displacement pump with pinions or any other type of variable displacement pump.

Plus précisément, l'invention concerne donc un Circuit de lubrification d'un moteur à combustion comportant une branche principale traversant un réservoir d'huile et le moteur à combustion et comportant une pompe à cylindrée variable, préférentiellement de type à palettes, pour assurer la circulation de l'huile dans le circuit, caractérisé en ce que ladite pompe est positionnée sur l'une des faces du moteur perpendiculaires à l'axe de rotation du vilebrequin du moteur. Préférentiellement, La pompe à cylindrée variable est entrainée directement par le vilebrequin, sans mettre en jeu d'éléments mécaniques intermédiaires de transmission. La pompe est alors préférentiellement montée en bout en vilebrequin. Pour cela, la pompe à cylindrée variable présente une interface d'entrainement direct par le vilebrequin comportant au moins un méplat, et préférentiellement deux, assurant l'entrainement en rotation de la pompe. Une telle pompe est également l'objet de la présente invention. Une ou plusieurs rainures peuvent également être aménagées sur cette interface.More specifically, the invention therefore relates to a lubrication circuit of a combustion engine comprising a main branch passing through an oil reservoir and the combustion engine and comprising a variable displacement pump, preferably of the pallet type, to ensure the circulation of the oil in the circuit, characterized in that said pump is positioned on one of the faces of the engine perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine. Preferably, the variable displacement pump is driven directly by the crankshaft, without bringing into play intermediate mechanical transmission elements. The pump is then preferably mounted end crankshaft. For this, the variable displacement pump has a direct drive interface by the crankshaft having at least one flat, and preferably two, ensuring the rotational drive of the pump. Such a pump is also the subject of the present invention. One or more grooves can also be arranged on this interface.

L'invention est décrite plus en détail ci-après et en référence aux figures représentant schématiquement le système dans son mode de réalisation préférentiel.The invention is described in more detail below and with reference to the figures schematically showing the system in its preferred embodiment.

La figure 1 présente une vue partielle du circuit de lubrification d'un moteur à combustion interne avec une pompe à huile implantée conformément à la présente invention.The figure 1 shows a partial view of the lubrication circuit of an internal combustion engine with an oil pump implanted in accordance with the present invention.

La figure 2 présente une pompe à huile à cylindrée variable selon l'invention.The figure 2 presents a variable displacement oil pump according to the invention.

La figure 3 présente puissance absorbée en fonction du régime moteur avec une pompe à cylindrée fixe et avec une pompe à cylindrée variable installée conformément à la présente invention.The figure 3 shows the power absorbed as a function of the engine speed with a fixed displacement pump and with a variable displacement pump installed according to the present invention.

Sur la figure 1, on voit partiellement le circuit de lubrification du moteur selon l'invention. Les éléments du moteur sont représentés en pointillé, tandis que les branches du circuit de lubrification sont représentées en trait continu, et, pour plus de clarté, les contours extérieurs de la pompe à huile sont représentés en traits forts. Le circuit de lubrification de la présente invention comporte un réservoir 1 (bac à huile), permettant de contenir de l'huile pour la lubrification d'un moteur 2. Une pompe 3 permet de faire circuler l'huile dans la branche principale 4 du circuit, qui alimente le moteur en lubrifiant. La pompe 3 est une pompe à débit variable de type à palettes. Ce type de pompe est implanté dans l'art antérieur dans le bac à huile 1. Dans l'invention, la pompe 3 est implantée dans une zone ne pénalisant pas le volume du bac à huile. Préférentiellement, la pompe 3 est implantée directement au bout du vilebrequin 5, sur une face du moteur 2 perpendiculaires à l'axe de rotation du vilebrequin 5. Ainsi, la pompe 3 est mise en rotation directement par le vilebrequin 5, sans mettre en jeu de système de transmission intermédiaire, qui pourrait entrainer une fiabilité moindre ainsi que des pertes énergétiques.On the figure 1 , we partially see the engine lubrication circuit according to the invention. The engine components are shown in dotted line, while the branches of the lubrication circuit are shown in solid lines, and for clarity, the outer contours of the oil pump are shown in bold lines. The lubrication circuit of the present invention comprises a reservoir 1 (oil tank), for containing oil for the lubrication of a motor 2. A pump 3 circulates the oil in the main branch 4 of the circuit, which supplies the engine with lubricant. Pump 3 is a vane-type variable-rate pump. This type of pump is implanted in the prior art in the oil tank 1. In the invention, the pump 3 is located in a zone that does not penalize the volume of the oil tank. Preferably, the pump 3 is located directly at the end of the crankshaft 5, on a face of the engine 2 perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft 5. Thus, the pump 3 is rotated directly by the crankshaft 5, without putting into play intermediate transmission system, which could lead to less reliability as well as energy losses.

La pompe à cylindrée variable préférentiellement utilisée est de type à palette. La pompe présentée en figure 2 est un exemple de pompe conçue pour être utilisée dans un circuit de lubrification conforme à la présente invention, et elle en est également l'objet. Cette pompe comporte des palettes mobiles 31 ainsi qu'un anneau de réglage 32 permettant de faire varier la cylindrée de la pompe. Cet anneau est mobilisé par la pression de l'huile en sortie de pompe 33 ou, dans une autre variante de la pompe, par un retour d'huile traduisant la pression en entrée du moteur. La pompe présentée en figure 2 n'est pas équipée de ce retour. L'huile entre dans la pompe par l'entrée 34 et en ressort par la sortie 33. La particularité de cette pompe vis-à-vis des pompes à cylindrée variable connues dans l'art antérieur est d'être actionnée en rotation autour de son axe principal directement par le vilebrequin 5, qui présente une forme concordante avec l'interface de la pompe créée à cet effet. Afin d'assurer sa rotation, l'interface de la pompe avec le vilebrequin est munie d'au moins un méplat 35, et préférentiellement de deux méplats, et comporte éventuellement au moins une rainure 36.The variable displacement pump preferably used is of the pallet type. The pump presented in figure 2 is an example of a pump designed to be used in a lubrication circuit according to the present invention, and it is also the object. This pump comprises movable vanes 31 and an adjusting ring 32 for varying the displacement of the pump. This ring is mobilized by the pressure of the oil at the pump outlet 33 or, in another variant of the pump, by an oil return expressing the pressure at the engine inlet. The pump presented in figure 2 is not equipped with this return. The oil enters the pump through the inlet 34 and out of the outlet 33. The particularity of this pump vis-à-vis the variable displacement pumps known in the prior art is to be actuated in rotation around its main axis directly by the crankshaft 5, which has a shape concordant with the interface of the pump created for this purpose. In order to ensure its rotation, the interface of the pump with the crankshaft is provided with at least one flat part 35, and preferably with two flats, and possibly comprises at least one groove 36.

La figure 3 permet de comprendre le gain énergétique obtenu avec l'utilisation d'une pompe à cylindrée variable. En abscisse est portée la vitesse de rotation du moteur en tours par minutes (tr/min), en ordonnée est porté un indice de puissance absorbée par la pompe. Dans cet exemple, on a pris comme référence le point situé 2500 tr/min permettant l'obtention de la pression maximale souhaitée dans le circuit. Pour ce point, l'indice de puissance absorbée vaut 1. La courbe en pointillés correspond à la puissance absorbée par une pompe à géométrie fixe, tandis que la courbe en trait plein correspond à la puissance absorbée par une pompe à géométrie variable sur la même application. Au-delà de la pression maximale souhaitée dans le circuit, un clapet de décharge s'ouvre dans le cas de l'emploi d'une pompe à géométrie fixe, mais la puissance absorbée continue à croitre proportionnellement à la vitesse de rotation du moteur, et donc de la pompe. Dans le cas de l'emploi d'une pompe à cylindrée variable, la cylindrée reste maximale jusqu'à l'atteinte de la pression maximale souhaitée, et la puissance absorbée est identique à celle absorbée par une pompe à géométrie fixe ; mais au-delà, la pression dans le circuit fait diminuer la cylindrée de la pompe, et la puissance absorbée croit notablement moins vite qu'avec une pompe à géométrie fixe. Notons que ce gain est quasiment indépendant de la position de la pompe dans le circuit, mais la présente invention permet d'en tirer parti sans pour autant dégrader d'autre prestations du moteur (intervalles de vidanges, encombrement vertical de l'ensemble constitué par le moteur et son bac à huile, difficultés d'implantation d'éventuels arbres d'équilibrage).The figure 3 allows to understand the energy gain obtained with the use of a variable displacement pump. On the abscissa is carried the rotational speed of the engine in revolutions per minute (rpm), the ordinate is carried a power index absorbed by the pump. In this example, reference was made to the point located at 2500 rpm for obtaining the desired maximum pressure in the circuit. For this point, the power consumption index is 1. The dotted line corresponds to the power absorbed by a fixed geometry pump, while the solid line corresponds to the power absorbed by a variable geometry pump on the same application. Beyond the desired maximum pressure in the circuit, a discharge valve opens in the case of the use of a fixed geometry pump, but the absorbed power continues to increase in proportion to the speed of rotation of the motor, and therefore the pump. In the case of the use of a variable displacement pump, the displacement remains maximum until the desired maximum pressure is reached, and the power absorbed is identical to that absorbed by a fixed geometry pump; but beyond this, the pressure in the circuit reduces the cubic capacity of the pump, and the power absorbed increases noticeably less quickly than with a fixed geometry pump. Note that this gain is almost independent of the position of the pump in the circuit, but the present invention allows to take advantage of it without degrading other benefits of the engine (drain intervals, vertical space of the assembly constituted by the engine and its oil tank, difficulties of implantation of possible balancing shafts).

Claims (6)

Circuit de lubrification d'un moteur à combustion comportant une branche principale traversant un réservoir d'huile (1) et le moteur à combustion (2) et comportant une pompe à cylindrée variable (3) pour assurer la circulation de l'huile dans le circuit, caractérisé en ce que ladite pompe (3) est montée sur l'une des faces du moteur (2) perpendiculaires à l'axe de rotation du vilebrequin (5) et est entrainée directement par le vilebrequin (5) du moteur (2).A lubrication circuit of a combustion engine having a main branch passing through an oil reservoir (1) and the combustion engine (2) and having a variable displacement pump (3) for circulating the oil in the engine circuit, characterized in that said pump (3) is mounted on one of the faces of the engine (2) perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft (5) and is driven directly by the crankshaft (5) of the engine (2). ). Circuit de lubrification selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pompe à cylindrée variable (3) est de type à palettes.Lubrication circuit according to Claim 1, characterized in that the variable displacement pump (3) is of the vane type. Circuit de lubrification selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la pompe à cylindrée variable (3) est montée en bout du vilebrequin (5).Lubrication circuit according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the variable displacement pump (3) is mounted at the end of the crankshaft (5). Pompe à huile à cylindrée variable (3) pour circuit de lubrifiant d'un moteur (2) à combustion comportant un vilebrequin (5), caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente une interface pour son actionnement direct par le vilebrequin (5) du moteur (2).Variable displacement oil pump (3) for a lubricant circuit of a combustion engine (2) comprising a crankshaft (5), characterized in that it has an interface for its direct actuation by the crankshaft (5) of the engine (2). Pompe à cylindrée variable (3) selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que l'interface d'actionnement comporte au moins un méplat (35) assurant l'entrainement de la pompe en rotation par le vilebrequin (5).Variable displacement pump (3) according to claim 4, characterized in that the actuating interface comprises at least one flat (35) ensuring the driving of the pump in rotation by the crankshaft (5). Pompe à cylindrée variable (3) selon la revendication 4 ou la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que l'interface d'actionnement comporte au moins une rainure (36) assurant l'entrainement de la pompe en rotation par le vilebrequin (5).Variable displacement pump (3) according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the actuating interface comprises at least one groove (36) for driving the pump in rotation by the crankshaft (5).
EP20090151707 2008-02-25 2009-01-30 Lubrication circuit and associated pump Active EP2093393B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0851177A FR2927942A1 (en) 2008-02-25 2008-02-25 LUBRICATION CIRCUIT AND ASSOCIATED PUMP.

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EP2093393A1 true EP2093393A1 (en) 2009-08-26
EP2093393B1 EP2093393B1 (en) 2012-12-12

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EP (1) EP2093393B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2397495T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2927942A1 (en)

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CN113323738A (en) * 2021-07-19 2021-08-31 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Engine

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CN107178400B (en) * 2017-07-10 2019-06-14 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Three-cylinder engine lubricating system

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US4342545A (en) 1978-07-24 1982-08-03 General Motors Corporation Variable displacement pump
WO1992015773A1 (en) * 1991-03-05 1992-09-17 Saab Automobile Aktiebolag Hydraulic pump for a vehicle engine
US6179582B1 (en) * 1998-09-10 2001-01-30 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Oil pump attachment structure for engine
EP1586750A1 (en) * 2004-04-16 2005-10-19 BorgWarner Inc. System and method of providing hydraulic pressure for mechanical work from an engine lubricating system
US7171939B1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-02-06 S&S Cycle, Inc. Integrated cam drive and oil pump assembly for motorcycle engines and the like
WO2007087704A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-09 Magna Powertrain Inc. Variable displacement variable pressure vane pump system
US20070277751A1 (en) * 2006-06-02 2007-12-06 Ching-Huei Lin Oil pump for motorcycle

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US4342545A (en) 1978-07-24 1982-08-03 General Motors Corporation Variable displacement pump
WO1992015773A1 (en) * 1991-03-05 1992-09-17 Saab Automobile Aktiebolag Hydraulic pump for a vehicle engine
US6179582B1 (en) * 1998-09-10 2001-01-30 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Oil pump attachment structure for engine
EP1586750A1 (en) * 2004-04-16 2005-10-19 BorgWarner Inc. System and method of providing hydraulic pressure for mechanical work from an engine lubricating system
US7171939B1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-02-06 S&S Cycle, Inc. Integrated cam drive and oil pump assembly for motorcycle engines and the like
WO2007087704A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-09 Magna Powertrain Inc. Variable displacement variable pressure vane pump system
US20070277751A1 (en) * 2006-06-02 2007-12-06 Ching-Huei Lin Oil pump for motorcycle

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CN113323738A (en) * 2021-07-19 2021-08-31 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Engine
WO2023000661A1 (en) * 2021-07-19 2023-01-26 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Engine

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EP2093393B1 (en) 2012-12-12
FR2927942A1 (en) 2009-08-28
ES2397495T3 (en) 2013-03-07

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