Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
  • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
  • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
  • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
  • F02M61/182—Discharge orifices being situated in different transversal planes with respect to valve member direction of movement
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
  • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
  • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
  • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
  • F02M61/1833—Discharge orifices having changing cross sections, e.g. being divergent
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
  • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
  • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
  • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
  • F02M61/1846—Dimensional characteristics of discharge orifices

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a motor vehicle, an injector and a method of using the vehicle.
• motor vehicles including:
• an internal combustion engine equipped with at least one cylinder, each cylinder defining a fuel combustion chamber, and
• each injector comprising:
• a micro-bag adapted to contain fuel and to inject under a pressure greater than that prevailing in the combustion chamber
• At least one channel connecting the micro bag to the combustion chamber the end of this channel opening into the combustion chamber forming a fuel spray orifice in the combustion chamber.
• This fuel is sprayed in the form of droplets whose size varies with the size of the spray orifice.
• the smaller these droplets the better the combustion inside the combustion chamber and the lower are the polluting emissions, including nitrogen oxides (NOx), from the engine.
• NOx nitrogen oxides
• the invention therefore aims to propose a motor vehicle whose polluting emissions are reduced.
• the smallest width of the cross section of the orifice of the injector is strictly less than 110 micrometers
• the discharge coefficient of the channel is strictly greater than 0.75.
• reducing the size of the spray orifice makes it possible to create smaller fuel droplets. Smaller fuel droplets improve combustion inside the combustion chamber. Better combustion reduces the polluting emissions of the motor vehicle.
• Embodiments of this motor vehicle may include one or more of the following features:
• the cross section of the channel decreases as one approaches the spray orifice; the smallest width of each orifice is less than 90 micrometers;
• each injector comprises at least eight spray orifices
• the vehicle comprises a fuel containing a detergent additive composed of a polar group which binds to deposits and / or precursors of deposits and an apolar group which dissolves in the fuel;
• the concentration of detergent additive is between 10 ppm (parts per million) and 1000 ppm by weight of fuel;
• the vehicle comprises an additive reservoir intended to contain the detergent additive, a fuel tank, and a device for automatically introducing a metered quantity of the detergent additive into the fuel tank according to the volume of fuel present in this fuel tank;
• a depollution device is disposed in the exhaust line of the engine, and the fuel further comprises a regeneration aid additive of the pollution control device containing cerium and / or iron, or other metals.
• this additive for assisting the regeneration of the depollution device is also contained in the additive reservoir intended to contain the detergent additive.
• the embodiments of the motor vehicle also have the following advantages: gradually decreasing the cross section of the channel makes it possible to obtain a channel having a discharge coefficient strictly greater than 0.75,
• the reservoir for containing the detergent additive is the same as that intended to contain an additive to aid the regeneration of the depollution device.
• the invention also relates to a fuel injector adapted to be implemented in the vehicle above.
• the invention also relates to a first method of using the above motor vehicle comprising a fuel tank equipped with a filler neck, wherein the method comprises filling, from a pump station service, the fuel tank with a fuel comprising a detergent additive consisting of a polar group which binds deposits and / or precursors of deposits and an apolar group which dissolves in the fuel, the concentration of detergent additive in the fuel being between 10 ppm and 1000 ppm by weight of fuel.
• the invention also relates to a second method of using the motor vehicle above comprising a fuel tank equipped with a filler neck, wherein the method comprises: - filling, from a pump of a service station, the fuel tank with a fuel insufficiently provided with detergent additives consisting of a polar group which binds to deposits and / or precursors of deposits and an apolar group which dissolves in the fuel, and - manual addition of a detergent additive pod in the fuel tank, the pod achieving a concentration of detergent additive in the fuel of between 10 ppm and 1000 ppm by weight of fuel.
• Embodiments of this second method of using a vehicle may include the following feature:
• the pod further contains an additive for the regeneration of a depollution device disposed in the exhaust line of the engine.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the architecture of a motor vehicle
• FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a fuel injector used in the vehicle of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional illustration of the end of the injector of FIG. 2, and
• FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the fuel flow per cycle for different fuel mixtures and additives.
• FIG. 1 represents a motor vehicle 1 comprising a diesel engine, with compression ignition, generally designated by the reference 2.
• This engine 2 is supplied with diesel fuel from a tank 2a, via a injection pump 3.
• the injection pump 3 is connected to the tank 2a by a suction pipe 4 on which is inserted a filter 5.
• the suction pipe 4 has an end portion opposite the pump 3 which is dipped inside the tank 2a to open, at its lower part, in the form of a suction strainer 6.
• the pump 3 is connected to the cylinders of the engine 2 by lines each providing the supply of an injector 9 associated with a cylinder
• the tank 2a is equipped with a level gauge 7 to determine the position of the diesel level in the tank 2a.
• the tank 2a also comprises a filling pipe 8 opening into the upper part of this tank 2a and equipped with a closure cap 8a.
• the exhaust line of the vehicle comprises depollution means such as for example a particulate filter 9b, for stopping the soot particles formed in the exhaust gas of the engine.
• the vehicle comprises an additive reservoir 10 provided with a filling plug 11 and intended to contain a mixture of additives in solution in a liquid solvent.
• an additive mixture which comprises either:
• the fuel forms deposits at the injection ports of the injectors.
• the extent of deposition formation, which varies with engine design, fuel composition and lubricant composition, and excessive deposition can alter the aerodynamics of, for example, the jet of the injector, which in turn can hinder the air-fuel mixture and thus hinder the combustion of the fuel.
• the detergent additive is composed of a polar group that binds to deposits and / or deposit precursors and an apolar group that dissolves in the fuel. Therefore, the detergent additive dissolves the already formed deposit and impedes deposit precursors, to avoid the formation of new deposits.
• the detergent additive or detergent additive combination is used in the concentration range of 10 ppm to 1000 ppm per kilogram of fuel and preferably 10 to 300 ppm per kilogram of fuel.
• the detergent additive or detergent additive combination may be selected from the group consisting of:
• the regeneration aid additive of the particulate filter 9b contains only cerium, or only iron, or both cerium and iron.
• concentration of this additive to aid the regeneration of the filter 9a is between 2 ppm and 30 ppm per kilogram of fuel.
• the solvent in which these various additives are dissolved is, for example, consisting of hydrocarbon close to the fuel such as a paraffinic solvent.
• the solvent is an isoparaffinic.
• a liquid additive injection line 12 is connected to the additive reservoir 10, in the vicinity of its lower part.
• a metering pump 13 is interposed on the pipe 12 which is connected, at its end opposite the additive reservoir 10, to an injector 14 opening directly into the fuel tank 2a.
• a pressure regulator 16 constituted by a ball valve comprising a setting spring is inserted on the return line 15.
• the automatic additive introduction device according to the invention also comprises an electronic control unit 20 integrated into the vehicle and to ensure all the adjustment and monitoring functions of the introduction. of additive in metered quantities in the fuel tank 2a of the vehicle.
• the automatic additive introduction device also comprises means for measuring the amount of fuel introduced into the reservoir 2a during each replenishment operation.
• these measuring means are formed, for example, by a mono-directional flowmeter 17 placed directly in the tubing 8 for filling the fuel tank 2a.
• the flowmeter 17 is connected to the control unit 20 by an electric cable 21 which makes it possible to transmit automatically to said housing 20 the quantity of fuel introduced into the tank 2a when refilling this tank 2a with fuel.
• the level gauge 7 associated with the fuel tank 2a is connected by an electric cable 22 to the housing 20, so as to transmit to this housing 20 as well as to the driver of the vehicle, an electric signal representative of the fuel level inside. of said tank 2a.
• the electronic box 20 is connected by electric cables, respectively 23 and 24, to the pump 13 and the injector 14, so as to transmit to these elements of the additive introduction device a control signal ensuring an injection into metered amount of the additive mixture in the fuel tank 2a, under the conditions to be described later.
• a level gauge 18 connected to the control unit 20 by an electric cable 25 makes it possible to transmit to this housing 20 an electrical signal when the level of additive in the tank 10 has reached a minimum position close to the bottom of this tank 10.
• a temperature sensor 19 disposed in the additive reservoir 10 makes it possible to transmit to the electronic control unit 20, via an electric cable 26, a signal representative of the temperature of this liquid additive inside said reservoir 10.
• the electronic unit 20 comprises at least one output 27 constituted by at least one electrical cable connected to lights which can be located advantageously in the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
• the ignition of a first indicator is obtained when the level of additive detected by the gauge 18 in the additive reservoir 10 has reached the position corresponding to the minimum level near the bottom of the reservoir 10 and the ignition of a second light is obtained when the level of fuel detected by the gauge 7 in the fuel tank 2 has reached a position corresponding to the minimum level close to the bottom of the fuel tank 2.
• the electronic unit 20 also receives as data of input an electrical signal representative of the determined concentration of additive that it is necessary to maintain in the fuel, that is to say in the diesel fuel injected into the cylinders of the engine 2.
• This data relating to the concentration of additive in the fuel can also be determined a priori and correspond to a fixed value regardless of the conditions of use of the engine.
• the electronic components are provided so as to take into account this predetermined and invariable value.
• Some elements of the additive introduction device may be constituted by elements conventionally used for the construction of motor vehicle engines and their control members.
• the additive injection assembly comprising the pump 13, the pressure regulator 16 and optionally the injector 14 may be constituted by a conventional injection device as used on motor vehicles.
• FIG. 2 shows in more detail the injector 9.
• This injector 9 is formed of an injector body 30 inside which is slidably mounted a needle 32 along a vertical axis Z-Z '. At its upper end, the needle 32 is equipped with a pushing lug 34 intended to be actuated by an electric or mechanical actuator.
• a fuel inlet channel 36 inside the injector is provided inside the injector.
• This channel 36 is fluidly connected to a micro-bag 38 interposed between a lower end of the needle 32 and the lower end of the body 30.
• FIG. 3 shows in more detail the lower end of the injector 9.
• the lower end of the body 30 is formed of a surface 40 in the form of a half-sphere.
• the injector 9 has several channels that fluidly connect the micro-bag 38 to respective spraying orifices present on the surface 40.
• channels 42 and 44 define, respectively, the spray orifices 46 and 48 on the surface 40.
• a fuel jet is formed, respectively, 50 and 52 formed of very fine fuel droplets.
• the smallest width of the cross-section of these spray orifices is strictly less than 1 10 ⁇ m.
• the greatest width of the cross section of these orifices is also strictly less than 110 ⁇ m.
• the different channels of the injector 9 have a circular cross section.
• the orifices 46 and 48 therefore also have a circular cross section.
• the diameter of the cross section of the orifices 46 and 48 is here chosen strictly less than 110 micrometers and preferably less than 90 micrometers.
• each channel has a cross section whose diameter decreases steadily as one approaches the spray orifice from the micro bag 38.
• Such a configuration of the channels allows to obtain a discharge coefficient Cd strictly greater than 0.75.
• the discharge coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.84.
• the discharge coefficient is a unitless quantity well known to fluid flow specialists.
• the methods for measuring this coefficient Cd are, for example, described in the following website: http://www.cyber.uhp-nancy.fr/demos/HYDR-001 / chap_un / cours_1 _2_6.html.
• the discharge coefficient Cd corresponds to the ratio between the actual flow rate of fuel passing through the channel and the theoretical flow rate of a perfect fluid that would pass through the same channel.
• the operation of the automatic introduction device in metered amounts of additive in the fuel tank of the motor vehicle will be described to maintain at a predetermined value the concentration of additive in the fuel.
• the flow meter 17 directly measures, in the pipe 8, the amount of fuel introduced into the tank 2a.
• the flow meter 17 therefore transmits through the electric cable 21 the signal representative of the amount of fuel introduced into the tank 2a.
• the electrical contact of the vehicle makes it possible to put into operation the electronic unit 20 for determining and carrying out the injection of additive into the fuel tank 2a.
• the control unit 20 calculates the amount of additive to be introduced into the tank 2a, as a function of the quantity of fuel introduced into this tank 2a and the predetermined concentration of fuel additive, to obtain satisfactory operating conditions of the particulate filter.
• the signal representative of the quantity of additive to be introduced into the fuel tank 2a is converted into a control signal of the injection pump 13 and to a control signal of the injector 14.
• the control signal of the injector 14 keeps the injector open for a time sufficient to effect the injection of the determined amount of constant pressure additive into the fuel tank 2a, the pump 13 remaining in operation for a time sufficient to carry out this injection directly in said fuel tank 2a.
• the gas oil contained in the tank 2a has an additive concentration which perfectly corresponds to the predetermined concentration necessary to obtain a satisfactory operation, in particular of the injectors 9 and the particulate filter.
• the concentration of additive of the gas oil in the tank 2 is perfectly homogeneous because of the mixing provided by the injection pump 3.
• the engine 2 and the particle filter associated with it in the exhaust line can then operate in satisfactory conditions.
• the graph of FIG. 4 illustrates, on the abscissa, the operating time of the engine 2 and, on the ordinate, the quantity of fuel expressed in milligrams per cycle.
• Curve 50 represents the case where the fuel is diesel fuel containing no additive to aid the regeneration of the particulate filter and devoid of detergent additive. To obtain the curve 50, the spray orifices whose diameter is greater than 115 micrometers were used.
• the curve 52 represents the case of the fuel mixed with a regeneration aid additive of the filter 9a but without detergent additive used in the vehicle 1.
• the curve 54 represents the case of a fuel mixed with a regeneration aid additive of the filter 9a and a detergent additive used in the vehicle 1.
• the presence of the detergent additive in the fuel prevents clogging of the fuel injection ports of the injector, thereby maintaining the amount of fuel injected per cycle at the fuel injector. a high level.
• the quantity of fuel injected per cycle is close to that of existing vehicles having orifices with a diameter greater than 1 15 ⁇ m.
• the performance of the vehicle described here in terms of power and consumption are close to those of existing vehicles while having a reduced emission of polluting compounds. For example, it has been measured that NOx pollutant emissions are reduced by 15% by decreasing the size of the 113 micrometer spray orifice with a discharge coefficient of 0.75 at a 108 micrometer spray orifice with a discharge coefficient of 0.84.
• the regeneration aid additive of the filter 9b and the detergent additive can be contained in different tanks with a common metering pump.
• the number of spray orifices is between one and one hundred.
• these spray orifices are preferably uniformly distributed over the surface 40 so as to obtain a homogeneous fuel jet.
• the cross section of the spray orifices is not necessarily circular.
• the temperature of the additive injected directly into the tank 2a can be adjusted by virtue of the temperature gauge 19 and a circuit for heating the additive in the tank 10.
• the temperature measured by the gauge 19 can be taken into account by the control unit 20 to calculate the injection time of the additive at constant temperature. Indeed, the injection time of a fixed amount of additive at constant pressure varies depending on the viscosity, therefore the temperature of this additive.
• the motor vehicle is devoid of automatic additive introduction device.
• the reservoir 2a is, for example, directly filled by the driver in a service station with a fuel already containing a sufficient amount of detergent additive.
• the tank 2a can be filled with a fuel comprising an insufficient amount of detergent additive in a service station.
• the driver manually adds a detergent additive pod to the reservoir 2a.
• the driver introduces the desired amount of detergent additive by the same tubing that used to fill the tank 2a with fuel.
• the pod may also contain an additive to aid the regeneration of the depollution device.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

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Family Cites Families (8)

• 2006
  • 2006-12-18 FR FR0611018A patent/FR2910072A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-12-11 WO PCT/FR2007/052476 patent/WO2008078038A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-12-11 EP EP07871907A patent/EP2092188A2/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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