EP2091865A1 - Reforming system, method for operating a reforming system and fuel cell system - Google Patents

Reforming system, method for operating a reforming system and fuel cell system

Info

Publication number
EP2091865A1
EP2091865A1 EP07817807A EP07817807A EP2091865A1 EP 2091865 A1 EP2091865 A1 EP 2091865A1 EP 07817807 A EP07817807 A EP 07817807A EP 07817807 A EP07817807 A EP 07817807A EP 2091865 A1 EP2091865 A1 EP 2091865A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reformer
fuel
fluid
reforming system
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07817807A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Matthias Boltze
Michael Rozumek
Stefan Käding
Manfred Pfalzgraf
Andreas Engl
Beate Bleeker
Michael Süßl
Markus Bedenbecker
Stefan Kah
Andreas Lindermeir
Norbert GÜNTHER
Johannes EICHSTÄDT
Marco Mühlner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enerday GmbH
Original Assignee
Enerday GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enerday GmbH filed Critical Enerday GmbH
Publication of EP2091865A1 publication Critical patent/EP2091865A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
    • C01B2203/0883—Methods of cooling by indirect heat exchange
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Reforra istssystem for generating a hydrogen-rich reformate with a reformer, the fuel and oxidizing agent can be fed.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a hydrogen-rich reformate with a reformer, the fuel and oxidant can be fed.
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system.
  • Reforming systems are used to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate from fuel and oxidants. In fuel cell systems, this reformate can then be fed to a fuel cell assembly which generates electrical energy from the hydrogen and oxygen feedstocks.
  • thermodynamic and reaction kinetic processes within the reformer are complex. In particular, they depend on the properties of the substances supplied, that is to say the fuel present as gas or liquid and the air generally supplied as oxidizing agent. In any case, efforts are made to make the processes in the reformer as reproducible as possible, thereby ensuring stable operation of the reforming system and of a fuel cell system.
  • the invention has for its object to make the properties of the reformer supplied materials so that a stable reforming operation can take place, and this is to be achieved in particular by efficient and reliable measures with little equipment.
  • the invention is based on the generic reforming system in that the fuel supplied to the reformer can be cooled, at least in part, by a fluid which, in addition to the fuel cooling function, also has other components in the reforming system or in a higher-level system in which the reforming system is integrated Has functions. It has been found that the cooling of the fuel supplied to the reformer may have beneficial effects on the operation of the reformer. This applies on the one hand to the temperature of the fuel per se and, on the other hand, to the provision of fuel with a largely unchanged temperature during operation. Such cooling can be provided in a particularly efficient manner by virtue of the fuel entering into a heat exchanging relationship with a fluid which, in addition to the mere cooling function, can also have other functions in the reforming system or in a higher-order system.
  • the fluid is air, which is supplied to the reformer as the oxidant. It is also possible that the fluid is air which is used as a cathode feed for a fuel cell arrangement arranged downstream of the reformer.
  • Another useful embodiment of the invention is that the fluid is air used as combustion air for an afterburner downstream of the reformer.
  • the fluid is cooling fluid, which also serves to cool an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, which is equipped with the reforming system.
  • the fluid is air, which is used for cooling components of the reformer.
  • the reforming system according to the invention can be designed to be particularly useful in that the fluid and the fuel are passed through two nested tubes.
  • the process air supplied to the reformer may be introduced through a pipe into the reformer surrounding a fuel pipe.
  • Comparable solutions can be chosen in conjunction with other air and liquid flows.
  • the invention is based on the generic method in that the fuel supplied to the reformer is at least partially cooled by a fluid which, in addition to the fuel cooling function, also has other functions in the reforming system or in a higher-level system in which the reforming system is incorporated , On the- se way the benefits and specifics of the reforming system of the invention are also implemented in the context of a process. This also applies to the particularly preferred embodiments of the inventive method specified below.
  • the fluid is air, which is supplied to the reformer as the oxidant.
  • the fluid is air, which is used for a downstream of the reformer Brennstoffzellenan- order as Kathodenzu Kunststoff.
  • the fluid is air, which is used for a downstream of the reformer afterburner as combustion air.
  • the fluid is cooling fluid, which is also used to cool an internal combustion engine
  • the fluid is air, which is used for cooling components of the reformer.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented in a particularly useful way by passing the fluid and the fuel through two nested tubes.
  • the invention further relates to a fuel cell system with a reforming system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for explaining a method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention.
  • a reformer 10 is shown, which is designed for a reforming process with two process stages.
  • a first region 34 of the reformer 10 is supplied by a pump 36 and by a fan 38 fuel 12 and air 14, respectively.
  • This first region 34 exothermic oxidation reactions take place whose products a second area 40 are supplied.
  • This second region 40 is supplied by another pump 42 further fuel 46.
  • the equipped with a catalyst second area 40 then takes place the actual endothermic reforming, in which a hydrogen-rich reformate 44 is prepared. This can be made available to other applications, in particular a fuel cell stack.
  • the pump 36 is adjoined by a fuel line 24, which transports the fuel into the reformer 10.
  • blower 38 is followed by a line 28 which transports air 14 into the reformer 10.
  • lines 24, 28 are now at least partially arranged so that the air-conveying line 28 surrounds the fuel-carrying line 24, whereby the fuel 12 is cooled.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention.
  • the system illustrated here differs from the reforming system described in connection with FIG. 1 with respect to the supply of air and fuel to the first region 34 of the reformer 10.
  • the process air 14 used in the first region 34 of the reformer 10 is fed directly to this region 34, without it being used beforehand for cooling fuel.
  • the fuel 12 is cooled in this second embodiment by air 16 which, after having performed its cooling function, is supplied to cathodes 18 of a fuel cell stack or afterburner 20.
  • the lines 24, 26 for the fuel 12 and the air 16 form a pipe-in-pipe construction, comparable to the arrangement according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention.
  • the system illustrated here differs from the reforming system described in connection with FIG. 1 with respect to the supply of air and fuel to the first region 34 of the reformer 10.
  • the cooling of the fuel 12 can also be carried out by cooling liquid of a motor vehicle, which not only performs its cooling function for the fuel of the reformer, but also the cooling function for the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is constructed with regard to the mixture feed to the oxidation region 34 in the same way as the first embodiment according to FIG.
  • the fuel 46 is cooled, which is the reforming portion 40 of the reformer 10 is supplied.
  • a further blower 48 is provided, which transports air via a line 32 to the reforming region 40.
  • the conduit 30 for transporting the fuel 46 into the reforming region 40 is at least partially surrounded by the air duct 32.
  • the air 22 supplied for this purpose also takes over the cooling of an evaporation region 24, upstream of which the actual reforming region 40 is located.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a reforming system to which fuel 12 and air 14 are supplied as reactants in a first region 34, while only further fuel 46 is supplied from the outside to a second region 40. It is also conceivable that the two th area 40 additional air is supplied. This process air can also serve to cool the fuel feed.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 builds on the embodiment according to FIG. It is also possible to carry out the fuel cooling for the first region 34 of the reformer 10 as described in connection with FIG. 2 and, based thereon, to design a fuel cooling for the second region 40 in the manner shown in FIG 3 is shown. It is also possible to dispense with the fuel cooling for the first region 34.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for explaining a method according to the invention.
  • a first step SO1 of the working method according to the invention it is provided that fuel supplied to a reformer is cooled by air.
  • the air used for cooling is then used as process air. It is fed, for example, to the oxidation zone or the reforming zone of the reformer. It is also possible to use the air for cooling components of the reformer or other components of the fuel cell stack. Furthermore, the air can be used as Kathodenzuluft or combustion air for an afterburner.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a reforming system for producing a hydrogen-rich reformate, comprising a reformer (10) to which fuel (12) and oxidizing agents (14) can be supplied. The invention is characterized in that the fuel (12) supplied to the reformer (10) can be cooled by a fluid (14, 16, 22) to at least some extent, said fluid having functions in the reforming system or in a superordinate system into which the reforming system is integrated in addition to cooling the fuel. The invention also relates to a method for producing a hydrogen-rich reformate and to a fuel cell system comprising the reforming system according to the invention.

Description

ReformierungsSystem, Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Refor- mierungsSystems und BrennstoffzellenanlageReforming system, method for operating a refurbishment system and fuel cell system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Reforraierungssystem zum Erzeugen eines Wasserstoffreichen Reformats mit einem Reformer, dem Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel zuführbar sind.The invention relates to a Reforraierungssystem for generating a hydrogen-rich reformate with a reformer, the fuel and oxidizing agent can be fed.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Wasserstoffreichen Reformats mit einem Reformer, dem Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel zuführbar sind.The invention further relates to a method for producing a hydrogen-rich reformate with a reformer, the fuel and oxidant can be fed.
Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eine Brennstoffzellenanla- ge.Furthermore, the invention relates to a fuel cell system.
ReformierungsSysteme kommen zum Einsatz, um aus Brennstoff und Oxidationsmitteln ein Wasserstoffreiches Reformat zu erzeugen. In BrennstoffZellensystemen kann dieses Reformat dann einer Brennstoffzellenanordnung zugeführt werden, die aus den Ausgangsstoffen Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff elektrische Energie erzeugt .Reforming systems are used to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate from fuel and oxidants. In fuel cell systems, this reformate can then be fed to a fuel cell assembly which generates electrical energy from the hydrogen and oxygen feedstocks.
Die thermodynamischen und reaktionskinetischen Vorgänge innerhalb des Reformers sind komplex. Sie hängen insbesondere von den Eigenschaften der zugeführten Stoffe ab, das heißt des als Gas oder Flüssigkeit vorliegenden Brennstoffs und der im Allgemeinen als Oxidationsmittel zugeführten Luft. In jedem Fall ist man bestrebt, die Abläufe im Reformer möglichst reproduzierbar zu gestalten, wodurch ein stabiler Betrieb des Reformierungssystems und einer Brennstoffzel- lenanlage gewährleistet werden können. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Eigenschaften der dem Reformer zugeführten Stoffe so zu gestalten, dass ein stabiler Reformierungsbetrieb erfolgen kann, wobei dies insbesondere durch effiziente und zuverlässige Maßnahmen mit geringem apparativen Aufwand erreicht werden soll.The thermodynamic and reaction kinetic processes within the reformer are complex. In particular, they depend on the properties of the substances supplied, that is to say the fuel present as gas or liquid and the air generally supplied as oxidizing agent. In any case, efforts are made to make the processes in the reformer as reproducible as possible, thereby ensuring stable operation of the reforming system and of a fuel cell system. The invention has for its object to make the properties of the reformer supplied materials so that a stable reforming operation can take place, and this is to be achieved in particular by efficient and reliable measures with little equipment.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst .This object is achieved with the features of the independent claims.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung baut auf dem gattungsgemäßen Reformierungs- system dadurch auf, dass der dem Reformer zugeführte Brenn- stoff zumindest teilweise durch ein Fluid kühlbar ist, das in dem Reformierungssystem oder in einem übergeordneten System, in das das Reformierungssystem eingebunden ist, neben der Brennstoffkühlfunktion auch andere Funktionen hat. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Kühlung des Brenn- Stoffs, der dem Reformer zugeführt wird, vorteilhafte Auswirkungen auf den Betrieb des Reformers haben kann. Dies betrifft einerseits die Temperatur des Brennstoffs an sich und andererseits die Bereitstellung von Brennstoff mit einer weitgehend unveränderten Temperatur während des Be- triebs . Eine solche Kühlung kann in besonders effizienter Weise dadurch zur Verfügung gestellt werden, dass der Brennstoff mit einem Fluid in wärmetauschende Beziehung tritt, das neben der bloßen Kühlfunktion auch noch andere Funktionen im Reformierungssystem oder in einem übergeord- neten System haben kann.The invention is based on the generic reforming system in that the fuel supplied to the reformer can be cooled, at least in part, by a fluid which, in addition to the fuel cooling function, also has other components in the reforming system or in a higher-level system in which the reforming system is integrated Has functions. It has been found that the cooling of the fuel supplied to the reformer may have beneficial effects on the operation of the reformer. This applies on the one hand to the temperature of the fuel per se and, on the other hand, to the provision of fuel with a largely unchanged temperature during operation. Such cooling can be provided in a particularly efficient manner by virtue of the fuel entering into a heat exchanging relationship with a fluid which, in addition to the mere cooling function, can also have other functions in the reforming system or in a higher-order system.
Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Fluid Luft ist, die dem Reformer als Oxidationsmittel zugeführt wird. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, dass das Fluid Luft ist, die für eine dem Reformer nachgeordnete BrennstoffZellenanordnung als Kathodenzuluft verwendet wird.For example, it can be provided that the fluid is air, which is supplied to the reformer as the oxidant. It is also possible that the fluid is air which is used as a cathode feed for a fuel cell arrangement arranged downstream of the reformer.
Eine weitere nützliche Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, dass das Fluid Luft ist, die für eine dem Reformer nachgeordneten Nachbrenner als Brennluft verwendet wird.Another useful embodiment of the invention is that the fluid is air used as combustion air for an afterburner downstream of the reformer.
Es kann ebenfalls vorgesehen sein, dass das Fluid Kühlflüssigkeit ist, die auch zur Kühlung einer Verbrennungsmotors eines Kraftfahrzeugs dient, das mit dem Reformierungssystem ausgestattet ist.It can also be provided that the fluid is cooling fluid, which also serves to cool an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, which is equipped with the reforming system.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Fluid Luft ist, die zur Kühlung von Bauteilen des Reformers verwendet wird.Furthermore, it can be provided that the fluid is air, which is used for cooling components of the reformer.
Apparativ lässt sich das erfindungsgemäße Reformierungssys- tem besonders nützlich dadurch ausgestalten, dass das Fluid und der Brennstoff durch zwei ineinander liegende Rohre geführt werden. Beispielsweise kann die dem Reformer zugeführte Prozessluft durch ein Rohr in den Reformer eingeleitet werden, welches ein Brennstoffröhr umgibt. Vergleichba- re Lösungen können im Zusammenhang mit anderen Luft und Flüssigkeitsströmen gewählt werden.In terms of apparatus, the reforming system according to the invention can be designed to be particularly useful in that the fluid and the fuel are passed through two nested tubes. For example, the process air supplied to the reformer may be introduced through a pipe into the reformer surrounding a fuel pipe. Comparable solutions can be chosen in conjunction with other air and liquid flows.
Die Erfindung baut auf dem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren dadurch auf, dass der dem Reformer zugeführte Brennstoff zu- mindest teilweise durch ein Fluid gekühlt wird, das in dem Reformierungssystem oder in einem übergeordneten System, in das das Reformierungssystem eingebunden ist, neben der Brennstoffkühlfunktion auch andere Funktionen hat. Auf die- se Weise werden die Vorteile und Besonderheiten des erfindungsgemäßen Reformierungssystems auch im Rahmen eines Verfahrens umgesetzt. Dies gilt auch für die nachfolgend angegebenen besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des erfin- dungsgemäßen Verfahrens .The invention is based on the generic method in that the fuel supplied to the reformer is at least partially cooled by a fluid which, in addition to the fuel cooling function, also has other functions in the reforming system or in a higher-level system in which the reforming system is incorporated , On the- se way the benefits and specifics of the reforming system of the invention are also implemented in the context of a process. This also applies to the particularly preferred embodiments of the inventive method specified below.
Dieses ist in nützlicher Weise dadurch weitergebildet, dass das Fluid Luft ist, die dem Reformer als Oxidationsmittel zugeführt wird.This is usefully developed in that the fluid is air, which is supplied to the reformer as the oxidant.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Fluid Luft ist, die für eine dem Reformer nachgeordnete Brennstoffzellenan- ordnung als Kathodenzuluft verwendet wird.Furthermore, it can be provided that the fluid is air, which is used for a downstream of the reformer Brennstoffzellenan- order as Kathodenzuluft.
Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, dass das Fluid Luft ist, die für eine dem Reformer nachgeordneten Nachbrenner als Brennluft verwendet wird.Another possibility is that the fluid is air, which is used for a downstream of the reformer afterburner as combustion air.
Ebenfalls ist es möglich, dass das Fluid Kühlflüssigkeit ist, die auch zur Kühlung einer Verbrennungsmotors einesIt is also possible that the fluid is cooling fluid, which is also used to cool an internal combustion engine
Kraftfahrzeugs dient, das mit dem ReformierungsSystem ausgestattet ist.Motor vehicle, which is equipped with the reforming system.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Fluid Luft ist, die zur Kühlung von Bauteilen des Reformers verwendet wird.Furthermore, it can be provided that the fluid is air, which is used for cooling components of the reformer.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist in besonders nützlicher Weise dadurch umsetzbar, dass das Fluid und der Brennstoff durch zwei ineinander liegende Rohre geführt werden.The method according to the invention can be implemented in a particularly useful way by passing the fluid and the fuel through two nested tubes.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Brennstoffzellenanla- ge mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Reformierungssystem. Die Erfindung wird nun mit Bezug auf die begleitenden Zeichnungen anhand besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsformen beispielhaft erläutert.The invention further relates to a fuel cell system with a reforming system according to the invention. The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of particularly preferred embodiments.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Reformie- rungsSystems ;FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention;
Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Reformie- rungssystems ;FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention;
Figur 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Reformie- rungsSystems undFIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention and FIG
Figur 4 ein Flussdiagramm zur Erläuterung eines erfin- dungsgemäßen Verfahrens.FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for explaining a method according to the invention.
Bei der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der Zeichnungen bezeichnen gleiche Bezugszeichen gleiche oder vergleichbare Komponenten.In the following description of the drawings, like reference characters designate like or similar components.
Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Reformierungssys- tems . Es ist ein Reformer 10 dargestellt, der für einen Re- formierungsprozess mit zwei Prozessstufen ausgelegt ist. Einem ersten Bereich 34 des Reformers 10 werden durch eine Pumpe 36 und durch ein Gebläse 38 Brennstoff 12 beziehungsweise Luft 14 zugeführt. In diesem ersten Bereich 34 finden exotherme Oxidationsreaktionen statt, deren Produkte einem zweiten Bereich 40 zugeführt werden. Diesem zweiten Bereich 40 wird durch eine weitere Pumpe 42 weiterer Brennstoff 46 zugeführt. In dem mit einem Katalysator ausgestatteten zweiten Bereich 40 findet dann die eigentliche endotherme Reformierung statt, bei der ein Wasserstoffreiches Reformat 44 hergestellt wird. Dieses kann weiteren Anwendungen, insbesondere einem Brennstoffzellenstapel, zur Verfügung gestellt werden. An die Pumpe 36 schließt eine Brennstofflei- tung 24 an, die den Brennstoff in den Reformer 10 transpor- tiert. Ebenso schließt an das Gebläse 38 eine Leitung 28 an, die Luft 14 in den Reformer 10 transportiert. Diese Leitungen 24, 28 sind nun zumindest abschnittsweise so angeordnet, dass die luftführende Leitung 28 die brennstoff- führende Leitung 24 umgibt, wodurch der Brennstoff 12 ge- kühlt wird.FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention. A reformer 10 is shown, which is designed for a reforming process with two process stages. A first region 34 of the reformer 10 is supplied by a pump 36 and by a fan 38 fuel 12 and air 14, respectively. In this first region 34 exothermic oxidation reactions take place whose products a second area 40 are supplied. This second region 40 is supplied by another pump 42 further fuel 46. In the equipped with a catalyst second area 40 then takes place the actual endothermic reforming, in which a hydrogen-rich reformate 44 is prepared. This can be made available to other applications, in particular a fuel cell stack. The pump 36 is adjoined by a fuel line 24, which transports the fuel into the reformer 10. Likewise, the blower 38 is followed by a line 28 which transports air 14 into the reformer 10. These lines 24, 28 are now at least partially arranged so that the air-conveying line 28 surrounds the fuel-carrying line 24, whereby the fuel 12 is cooled.
Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen ReformierungsSystems . Das hier dargestellte System unterscheidet sich im Hinblick auf die Luft- und BrennstoffZuführung in den ersten Bereich 34 des Reformers 10 von dem im Zusammenhang mit Figur 1 beschriebenen Reformierungssystem. Die in dem ersten Bereich 34 des Reformers 10 verwendete Prozessluft 14 wird diesem Bereich 34 direkt zugeführt, ohne dass sie vor- her zur Kühlung von Brennstoff verwendet würde. Der Brennstoff 12 wird bei dieser zweiten Ausführungsform durch Luft 16 gekühlt, die, nachdem sie ihre Kühlfunktion wahrgenommen hat, Kathoden 18 eines Brennstoffzellenstapels oder einem Nachbrenner 20 zugeführt wird. Wiederum bilden die Leitun- gen 24, 26 für den Brennstoff 12 und die Luft 16 eine Rohrin-Rohr-Konstruktion, vergleichbar zu der Anordnung gemäß Figur 1. Figur 2 zeigt somit eine Ausführungsform, bei der die zur Kühlung des Brennstoffs eingesetzte Luft 16 nicht im Refor- mierungssystem selbst einer weiteren Verwendung zugeführt wird, sondern einer Komponente eines übergeordneten Sys- tems, hier eines Brennstoffzellensystems mit einem Brennstoffzellenstapel und einem Nachbrenner, zugeführt wird. In vergleichbarer Weise kann die Kühlung des Brennstoffs 12 auch durch Kühlflüssigkeit eines Kraftfahrzeugs erfolgen, die neben ihrer Kühlfunktion für den Brennstoff des Refor- mers auch die Kühlfunktion für den Verbrennungsmotor des Kraftfahrzeugs wahrnimmt.FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention. The system illustrated here differs from the reforming system described in connection with FIG. 1 with respect to the supply of air and fuel to the first region 34 of the reformer 10. The process air 14 used in the first region 34 of the reformer 10 is fed directly to this region 34, without it being used beforehand for cooling fuel. The fuel 12 is cooled in this second embodiment by air 16 which, after having performed its cooling function, is supplied to cathodes 18 of a fuel cell stack or afterburner 20. Again, the lines 24, 26 for the fuel 12 and the air 16 form a pipe-in-pipe construction, comparable to the arrangement according to FIG. 1. FIG. 2 thus shows an embodiment in which the air 16 used for cooling the fuel is not supplied to further use in the reforming system itself, but is supplied to a component of a higher-level system, here a fuel cell system with a fuel cell stack and an afterburner , In a comparable manner, the cooling of the fuel 12 can also be carried out by cooling liquid of a motor vehicle, which not only performs its cooling function for the fuel of the reformer, but also the cooling function for the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle.
Figur 3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Reformierungssys- tems. Figur 3 ist im Hinblick auf die Gemischzuführung zu dem Oxidationsbereich 34 in gleicher Weise wie die erste Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 1 aufgebaut. Zusätzlich wird der Brennstoff 46 gekühlt, der dem Reformierungsbereich 40 des Reformers 10 zugeführt wird. Zu diesem Zweck ist ein weiteres Gebläse 48 vorgesehen, das Luft über eine Leitung 32 zu dem Reformierungsbereich 40 transportiert. Die Leitung 30 zum Transport des Brennstoffs 46 in den Reformierungsbereich 40 ist zumindest teilweise von der Luftführungsleitung 32 umgeben. Neben der Kühlung der Brennstoff- leitung 30 übernimmt die zu diesem Zweck zugeführte Luft 22 auch noch die Kühlung eines Verdampfungsbereichs 24, dem der eigentlichen Reformierungsbereich 40 vorgelagert ist.FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a reforming system according to the invention. FIG. 3 is constructed with regard to the mixture feed to the oxidation region 34 in the same way as the first embodiment according to FIG. In addition, the fuel 46 is cooled, which is the reforming portion 40 of the reformer 10 is supplied. For this purpose, a further blower 48 is provided, which transports air via a line 32 to the reforming region 40. The conduit 30 for transporting the fuel 46 into the reforming region 40 is at least partially surrounded by the air duct 32. In addition to the cooling of the fuel line 30, the air 22 supplied for this purpose also takes over the cooling of an evaporation region 24, upstream of which the actual reforming region 40 is located.
Figur 3 zeigt eine Ausführungsform eines Reformierungssys- tems, dem in einem ersten Bereich 34 Brennstoff 12 und Luft 14 als Reaktionsteilnehmer zugeführt werden, während einem zweiten Bereich 40 von außen nur weiterer Brennstoff 46 zugeführt wird. Ebenfalls ist es denkbar, dass auch dem zwei- ten Bereich 40 weitere Luft zugeführt wird. Auch diese Prozessluft kann der Kühlung der BrennstoffZuführung dienen.FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a reforming system to which fuel 12 and air 14 are supplied as reactants in a first region 34, while only further fuel 46 is supplied from the outside to a second region 40. It is also conceivable that the two th area 40 additional air is supplied. This process air can also serve to cool the fuel feed.
Die Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 3 baut im Hinblick auf die Gemischzuführung zum ersten Bereich 34 des Reformers 10 auf der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 1 auf. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, die Brennstoffkühlung für den ersten Bereich 34 des Reformers 10 so auszuführen, wie es im Zusammenhang mit Figur 2 beschrieben wurde, und darauf aufbauend eine Brenn- Stoffkühlung für den zweiten Bereich 40 in der Weise zu gestalten, wie es in Figur 3 gezeigt ist. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, auf die Brennstoffkühlung für den ersten Bereich 34 zu verzichten.With regard to the mixture feed to the first region 34 of the reformer 10, the embodiment according to FIG. 3 builds on the embodiment according to FIG. It is also possible to carry out the fuel cooling for the first region 34 of the reformer 10 as described in connection with FIG. 2 and, based thereon, to design a fuel cooling for the second region 40 in the manner shown in FIG 3 is shown. It is also possible to dispense with the fuel cooling for the first region 34.
Figur 4 zeigt ein Flussdiagramm zur Erläuterung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. In einem ersten Schritt SOl des erfindungsgemäßen Arbeitsverfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass einem Reformer zugeführter Brennstoff durch Luft gekühlt wird. In einem nachfolgenden Schritt S02 wird die zum Küh- len verwendete Luft dann als Prozessluft verwendet. Sie wird beispielsweise der Oxidationszone oder der Reformie- rungszone des Reformers zugeführt. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, die Luft zur Kühlung von Bauteilen des Reformers oder sonstigen Komponenten des Brennstoffzellenstapels zu ver- wenden. Weiterhin kann die Luft als Kathodenzuluft oder Brennluft für einen Nachbrenner eingesetzt werden. Neben der Verwendung von Luft zur Kühlung ist es auch möglich, Kühlflüssigkeit des Verbrennungsmotors eines Kraftfahrzeugs für die Brennstoffkühlung zu verwenden und dieser auf diese Weise eine doppelte Funktion zu vermitteln.FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for explaining a method according to the invention. In a first step SO1 of the working method according to the invention, it is provided that fuel supplied to a reformer is cooled by air. In a subsequent step S02, the air used for cooling is then used as process air. It is fed, for example, to the oxidation zone or the reforming zone of the reformer. It is also possible to use the air for cooling components of the reformer or other components of the fuel cell stack. Furthermore, the air can be used as Kathodenzuluft or combustion air for an afterburner. In addition to the use of air for cooling, it is also possible to use cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle for the fuel cooling and to convey this in this way a dual function.
Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, in den Zeichnungen sowie in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung wesentlich sein. The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention.
Bezugszeichenliste :List of reference numbers:
10 Reformer 12 Brennstoff10 reformer 12 fuel
14 Luft/Fluid14 air / fluid
16 Luft/Fluid16 air / fluid
18 Kathode18 cathode
20 Nachbrenner 22 Luft/Fluid20 afterburner 22 air / fluid
24 Leitung/Rohr24 pipe / pipe
26 Leitung/Rohr 28 Leitung/Rohr26 pipe / pipe 28 pipe / pipe
30 Brennstoffleitung/Rohr 32 Luftführungsleitung/Rohr30 fuel line / pipe 32 air duct / pipe
34 erster Bereich/Oxidationsbereich34 first area / oxidation area
36 Pumpe36 pump
38 Gebläse38 blowers
40 zweiter Bereich/Reformierungsbereich 42 Pumpe40 second area / reforming area 42 pump
44 Reformat44 Reformat
46 Brennstoff46 fuel
48 Gebläse 48 blowers

Claims

ANSPRÜCHE
1. Reformierungssystem zum Erzeugen eines Wasserstoffreichen Reformats mit einem Reformer (10) , dem Brennstoff (12) und Oxidationsmittel (14) zuführbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dem Reformer (10) zugeführte Brennstoff (12) zumindest teilweise durch ein Fluid (14, 16, 22) kühl- bar ist, das in dem Reformierungssystem oder in einem übergeordneten System, in das das Reformierungssystem eingebunden ist, neben der Brennstoffkühlfunktion auch andere Funktionen hat .A reforming system for generating a hydrogen-rich reformate having a reformer (10) to which fuel (12) and oxidant (14) can be supplied, characterized in that the fuel (12) supplied to the reformer (10) is at least partially fluidized (14 , 16, 22) which, in addition to the fuel cooling function, also has other functions in the reforming system or in a higher-level system in which the reforming system is integrated.
2. Reformierungssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid Luft (14) ist, die dem Reformer (10) als Oxidationsmittel zugeführt wird.2. reforming system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid is air (14), which is supplied to the reformer (10) as an oxidizing agent.
3. Reformierungssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass das Fluid Luft (16) ist, die für eine dem3. reforming system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid is air (16), for a the
Reformer (10) nachgeordnete BrennstoffZellenanordnung (18) als Kathodenzuluft verwendet wird.Reformer (10) downstream fuel cell assembly (18) is used as a cathode feed.
4. Reformierungssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass das Fluid Luft (16) ist, die für eine dem4. reforming system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid is air (16), for a the
Reformer (10) nachgeordneten Nachbrenner (20) als Brennluft verwendet wird .Reformer (10) downstream afterburner (20) is used as combustion air.
5. Reformierungssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass das Fluid Kühlflüssigkeit ist, die auch zur5. reforming system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid is cooling fluid, which also for
Kühlung einer Verbrennungsmotors eines Kraftfahrzeugs dient, das mit dem Reformierungssystem ausgestattet ist. Cooling an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle is used, which is equipped with the reforming system.
6. Reformierungssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid Luft (22) ist, die zur Kühlung von Bauteilen (24) des Reformers (10) verwendet wird.6. reforming system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid is air (22) which is used for cooling of components (24) of the reformer (10).
7. Reformierungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid (14, 16, 22) und der Brennstoff (12) durch zwei ineinander liegende Rohre (24, 26, 28, 30, 32) geführt werden.7. reforming system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid (14, 16, 22) and the fuel (12) by two nested tubes (24, 26, 28, 30, 32) are guided.
8. Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Wasserstoffreichen Refor- mats mit einem Reformer (10) , dem Brennstoff (12) und Oxi- dationsmittel (14) zuführbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dem Reformer (10) zugeführte Brennstoff (12) zumindest teilweise durch ein Fluid (14, 16, 22) gekühlt wird, das in dem Reformierungssystem oder in einem übergeordneten System, in das das Reformierungssystem eingebunden ist, neben der Brennstoffkühlfunktion auch andere Funktionen hat .8. A method for producing a hydrogen-rich reformate with a reformer (10), the fuel (12) and Oxididationsmittel (14) can be fed, characterized in that the reformer (10) supplied fuel (12) at least partially through a fluid (14, 16, 22) is cooled, which also has other functions in the reforming system or in a higher-level system, in which the reforming system is integrated, in addition to the fuel cooling function.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid Luft (14) ist, die dem Reformer (10) als O- xidationsmittel zugeführt wird.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the fluid is air (14), which is supplied to the reformer (10) as O xidationsmittel.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid Luft (16) ist, die für eine dem Reformer10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the fluid is air (16), which is for a the reformer
(10) nachgeordnete BrennstoffZeilenanordnung als Kathodenzuluft verwendet wird.(10) downstream fuel cell assembly is used as a cathode feed.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid Luft (16) ist, die für eine dem Reformer11. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the fluid is air (16), which is for a the reformer
(10) nachgeordneten Nachbrenner als Brennluft verwendet wird. (10) secondary afterburner is used as combustion air.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid Kühlflüssigkeit ist, die auch zur Kühlung einer Verbrennungsmotors eines Kraftfahrzeugs dient, das mit dem Reformierungssystem ausgestattet ist.12. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the fluid is cooling fluid, which also serves to cool an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, which is equipped with the reforming system.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid Luft (22) ist, die zur Kühlung von Bauteilen (24) des Reformers (10) verwendet wird.13. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the fluid is air (22) which is used for cooling of components (24) of the reformer (10).
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid (14, 16, 22) und der Brennstoff (12) durch zwei ineinander liegende Rohre (24, 26, 28, 30, 32) geführt werden.14. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the fluid (14, 16, 22) and the fuel (12) by two nested tubes (24, 26, 28, 30, 32) are guided.
15. Brennstoffzellenanlage mit einem Reformierungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7. 15. Fuel cell system with a reforming system according to one of claims 1 to 7.
EP07817807A 2007-01-09 2007-11-19 Reforming system, method for operating a reforming system and fuel cell system Withdrawn EP2091865A1 (en)

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DE102007001382A DE102007001382B4 (en) 2007-01-09 2007-01-09 Reforming system, method of operating a reforming system and use of a reforming system
PCT/DE2007/002093 WO2008083644A1 (en) 2007-01-09 2007-11-19 Reforming system, method for operating a reforming system and fuel cell system

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EA200970560A1 (en) 2009-12-30

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