EP2076410A2

EP2076410A2 - Pyrotechnical method for dual-mode gas generation and related pyrotechnical generator

Info

Publication number: EP2076410A2
Application number: EP07858521A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Pierre Humbert; Marc Sorgiati; Anthony Schyns
Original assignee: SNPE Materiaux Energetiques SA
Current assignee: Safran Ceramics SA
Priority date: 2006-10-09
Filing date: 2007-10-08
Publication date: 2009-07-08
Also published as: WO2008043946A3; WO2008043946A2; US8453575B2; US20100083863A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a pyrotechnical method for generating a gas at two successive flow rates, i.e. a first flow rate and a second flow rate, said first flow rate being higher than said second flow rate, that comprises: the combustion of a first pyrotechnical charge (10) in a first combustion chamber (1) discharging into a second combustion chamber (2) through at least one nozzle (3); and the combustion of a second pyrotechnical charge (20) in said second combustion chamber (2) discharging towards the outside through at least one vent (21). Typically, said first combustion chamber (1) operates at a high pressure while said second combustion chamber (2) operates at a low pressure. The invention also relates to a gas pyrotechnical generator for implementing said method. The invention can essentially be used for side-protection inflatable bags (curtain airbags) used in automobile safety.

Description

Pyrotechnic process for generating gas at two speeds - Associated pyrotechnic generator

The invention relates to a pyrotechnic process for generating gas at two consecutive operating regimes for rapidly pressurizing a structure and then maintaining, in said structure, the pressure for a long time (said long time is generally 40 milliseconds to 1 minute) . The invention also relates to a pyrotechnic gas generator suitable for implementing said method. The field of application of the invention relates more particularly to the airbag side protection, also called "curtain airbags", used in automotive safety. It also includes devices useful for emptying a fluid reservoir or moving a piston. In the last two decades, the automotive industry has developed airbag systems, known as airbags, intended to protect vehicle occupants in the event of a collision. These air bags are generally deployed by means of hot gases delivered by a pyrotechnic gas generator. The cushion should deploy quickly and remain inflated in the moment of shock. The pyrotechnic gas generators are, in these cases, designed to operate in a short period of time: of the order of a few tens of milliseconds.

Most recently, car manufacturers have wanted to incorporate devices that use air bags to protect the occupants, not only when the vehicle is hit by a frontal or side impact, but also when the vehicle is rolled over as a result of a side impact. For this, the cushions, called "curtain airbags" must deploy quickly (a few milliseconds) at the time of impact and then remain inflated for a period of time of about ten seconds.

After deployment, the bag, to remain inflated, must be supplied with gas in order to compensate, on the one hand, gas leaks (bag porosity.) And, on the other hand, the cooling of the hot gases from the generator pyrotechnic. For this application, the fast gas generators conventionally used for front or side airbags are therefore not more suitable since, after the inflation phase, it is necessary to continue generating for ten seconds of the lower flow rate gases to maintain the inflated bag.

The gas generator adapted to this type of device must first, in short, generate a high flow, to deploy and inflate the bag and, in a second step, longer, generate a lower gas flow to maintain the pressure in the bag. It is therefore a generator with two operating modes: the first being qualified as a high-speed regime and the second low-speed regime. This type of generator is also suitable for pressurizing a cavity with variable volume. The targeted applications can then be the emptying of a fluid reservoir or the displacement of a piston.

The person skilled in the art knows that it is possible to modulate the flow rate of a pyrotechnic device by equipping it with pyrotechnic compositions with different rates of combustion and / or by using a suitable propellant block geometry and / or by modulating the orifices for delivering the combustion gases and / or using several pyrotechnic charges initiated separately.

Thus, US Pat. No. 5,967,550 describes a generator containing two pyrotechnic charges of different compositions, arranged in a single combustion chamber. Thus, the application WO 01/34516 describes a generator containing two pyrotechnic charges of different compositions, each arranged in the two compartments of a single combustion chamber. The intervention of two loadings obviously presents a disadvantage on the industrial level since it is necessary to qualify, to manufacture and to handle two pyrotechnic compositions.

Many patent documents also describe adaptive gas generators (also known as multistage) airbag generators, making it possible to modulate the amount of gas generated as a function of need. The gas flow can thus be adapted according to various parameters such as the temperature, the nature and the intensity of the shock, the size and the position of the passenger. Most of these documents (US 2002/0190511, US 6,485,051, WO 2004/024653, US 6,314,888, US 6,406,053, US 6,068,291, US 2006/0119087, US 2006/0117982) disclose two combustion chambers, separated, independent, each having an igniter triggered independently in time. This offset of a few milliseconds is done electronically and programmed so as to optimize the flow of the generator and therefore the pressure level in the bag. • In the technological continuity, gas generators with several combustion chambers with a single igniter have been described. Such devices are designed to generate, in a short time interval (5 to 60 milliseconds), two different gas flow rates.

The device described in the application US 2006/0086408 comprises a first chamber provided with an igniter and connected by orifices to the outside environment. After activation of the generator, the second combustion chamber is connected to the first, its charging is ignited by the hot gases from the first chamber. This second chamber debits to the outside via the first chamber. In this case, the effect is to generate a low flow in the first moments to dislodge the airbag from its receptacle and then produce a larger flow to inflate the bag.

The two patent documents DE 195 41 924 and US 5 839 754 describe systems producing the same effect. This time, the igniter is extended by an ignition rod possibly containing a delay charge, to increase the delay between the operation of the two flow regimes.

The application FR 2 877 428 has a device internally divided by two partitions which define three chambers, namely two combustion chambers each containing a pyrotechnic charge, disposed on either side of a plenum chamber open to the outside environment. The partitions are traversed by an orifice which allows the controlled passage of the gases generated by the combustion in the combustion chambers to the plenum. This device is provided with only one igniter so that the gases generated by the pyrotechnic charge of one of the two combustion chambers pass through the plenum chamber and enter the second combustion chamber devoid of igniter where they cause the combustion of the charge which is present there. The patent application FR 2 863 986 describes a pyrotechnic gas generator for an airbag. Said generator comprises, in a cylindrical housing provided with a gas discharge opening and a closed end, an inner cylindrical member housing a gas producing agent, a filter and ignition means. According to an alternative embodiment, said generator comprises two combustion chambers, a first combustion chamber which discharges into a second combustion chamber, itself discharging towards the outside via the discharge opening. No indication is provided on the operating pressure of said two chambers. The gas production agents involved in said two chambers differ from each other (by at least one of their characteristics: quantity, composition, composition ratio, size, shape). It is this difference which makes it possible to adjust the flow of gas, to obtain a bi-regime effect: strong then weak or weak then strong. The gas generator according to said application FR 2 863 986 does not generate a strong and low flow using two identical gas production agents.

Pyrotechnic devices with gas flow regulation using moving members are also described, for example, in patent application EP 149 332. They are also well known in the field of throttle thrust gas throttling. These systems have the main disadvantage of implementing moving members subjected to hot gas flows, increasing their cost, complexity and probability of failure.

• The use of monolithic pyrotechnic block with adapted geometry is classic in the field of missile propulsion to obtain a maximum thrust phase (called "boost phase") followed by a cruising phase at lower flow. Patent application FR 2 742 483 describes a loading of this type for tactical missile. The corresponding objects are obtained by molding. This method is not recommended for small objects made in mass production. Furthermore, the current compositions dedicated to automotive safety applications are often in the form of grains to be compressed not adapted to the molding process.

Finally, there is the development of hybrid generators coupling a pressurized gas supply to a pyrotechnic gas generator (FR 2 831 122, FR 2 829 570, US 6 786 507). These hybrid systems have, on the one hand, the disadvantage of using a reserve gas under pressure may leak during the lifetime and, secondly, a complex architecture of connecting the two chambers: one pyrotechnic and the other comprising a gas under pressure. In the hybrid device described in FR 2 829 570, the pyrotechnic charge consists of bulk propellant grains placed inside the channel of a cylindrical propellant block. The two loadings of different geometries therefore coexist in the same combustion chamber. Deployment of the bag is provided by the pressurized gas reserve heated by the operation of the gas generator whose initial flow is essentially delivered by the loading of bulk grains. The combustion of the channel block ensures the supply of gas for the inflated maintenance of the bag.

In such a context, it is proposed, according to the present invention, a method and a performance device, to meet the specifications set out in the introduction to this text: pyrotechnic generation of gas at two successive operating regimes: high initial flow followed a low (lower) rate.

The method of the invention - pyrotechnic process for generating gas at two successive rates, a first rate then a second rate, said first rate being greater than said second rate - comprises;

the combustion of a first pyrotechnic charge in a first combustion chamber discharging into a second combustion chamber via at least one nozzle; - The combustion of a second pyrotechnic charge in said second combustion chamber discharging to the outside via at least one vent.

Typically, said first combustion chamber operates at high pressure and said second combustion chamber operates at low pressure.

Characteristically, in the context of the process of the invention, two combustions are combined, implemented at different pressures. The notions of "high pressure" and "low pressure" are here relative notions. The high pressure is usually at least 3 times higher than the low pressure. The low pressure is generally between 0.1 and 10 MPa, advantageously equal to or close to the atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa), while the high pressure is generally between 0.3 and 30 MPa, is advantageously about 10 MPa. For the implementation of the method of the invention, two combustion chambers operating at different pressures (see above) are used.

It is generally understood that the first flow rate, which can be described as a high flow rate, corresponds to the sum of the gas flow rates, initially generated by the combustion of the two pyrotechnic charges and then the second flow, which is may qualify as low flow rate, corresponds to the delivery gas flow, for a longer time, during the continuation of the combustion of the second combustion chamber load.

The high-pressure combustion generates gases which, via at least one nozzle, are discharged, generally directly or almost directly (it is obvious that one thus seeks to avoid any cooling of said gases) in the second combustion chamber called lower chamber pressure. Said gases initiate the combustion of the second pyrotechnic charge in said second combustion chamber. Said second combustion chamber is equipped with at least one outwardly venting vent. It works at low pressure. Advantageously, or the vents of the low pressure chamber are sized so that the flow of gas generated in the chamber operating at high pressure called high pressure chamber is, in the first moments of the combustion of the first pyrotechnic charge, sufficient to pressurize the lower chamber. pressure. An initial pressurization is favorable for, on the one hand, to obtain a good initiation of the combustion of the charge of the low pressure chamber and, on the other hand, to generate a high gas flow rate in the first phase of operation. It is also understood that the loading of the high pressure chamber ends burning before the loading of the low pressure chamber. The end of the combustion of the loading of the high pressure chamber induces a pressure drop in the low pressure chamber: the combustion rate of the charging of the low pressure chamber decreases accordingly. Those skilled in the art know that the burning speed of the propellant is all the more important as the pressure in the combustion chamber is high. It is therefore understood that the high pressure chamber contributes mainly to the flow of the gas generator during the first phase at high flow.

The second phase of low flow operation is thus ensured by the only combustion of the low pressure chamber charge. Said low pressure chamber is equipped with at least one vent. The opening diameter of said at least one vent is sufficient to drop the pressurization of the chamber to a value close to that of the external environment, when the loading of the high pressure chamber has finished burning. It may be wise to multiply the number of vents, to decrease the opening of each. This allows, on the one hand, to better distribute the gases produced, for example, in the device to be inflated and, on the other hand, to trap, within the second combustion chamber, the skeletons (residues) of combustion of the pyrotechnic charge, skeletons that can not escape to the outside via small openings.

The first and second pyrotechnic charges may each be associated with an independent ignition device.

Advantageously, the method of the invention is initiated by the single ignition of the first charge in the first combustion chamber. A single pyrotechnic igniter intervenes thus, mounted on the high pressure chamber. The loading of said high pressure chamber is thus ignited by said igniter. Upon ignition of said load, the hot gases delivered enter the low pressure chamber via said at least one nozzle ("inter-chamber orifice"). Said hot gases initiate the charging of the low pressure chamber. The loading of said low pressure chamber then advantageously adds its gas flow rate to that of the loading of the high pressure chamber, for the production of a high flow rate, useful, for example, in the context of a deployment and inflation phase. 'a structure.

In the context of an advantageous implementation variant, the first and second pyrotechnic charges used have the same composition. The person skilled in the art knows that one of the parameters for adjusting the pressure in each of the chambers is the clamping coefficient (total combustion area / total area of the chamber orifices). In the context of the advantageous variant specified above (two loadings of the same composition), the clamping coefficient (total combustion surface / total area of the orifices of the chamber) is necessarily greater for the high pressure chamber than for the chamber. low pressure. Incidentally, it is noted here that regardless of the composition of the loadings, the clamping coefficient of the first combustion chamber (operating at high pressure) is advantageously greater than that of the second combustion chamber (operating at low pressure).

Said first and second pyrotechnic charges have or not the same dimensions and / or geometries. Thus, according to alternative embodiments of the method of the invention, the first and second pyrotechnic charges may have the same composition, the same dimensions and the same geometry or may differ from one another by at least one of said parameters. .

When the two loadings are of identical composition, geometry and dimensions, the difference in operation (regime) high pressure / low pressure between the two chambers is controlled solely by the diameters of the orifices of the two chambers. There was talk of nozzle (s) for the first combustion chamber (= high pressure chamber) and vent (s) for the second combustion chamber (= low pressure chamber). The diameter of the at least one orifice of the high pressure chamber must be smaller than that of the at least one orifice of the low pressure chamber.

Surprisingly, the pyrotechnic process of the invention is efficient, in its simplest implementation version, with: a single propellant composition,

- same geometry and dimensions of the propellant blocks (first and second pyrotechnic charges),

two combustion chambers in communication via a single orifice, a single igniter,

- a single vent for the exit of gases to the outside. This simplest implementation version, with two identical loadings, highlights the originality of the process of the invention. The principles of operation of pyrotechnic generators of the prior art can not lead, with two identical loadings, to variations in flow, without resorting to a movable member or a double igniter.

The propellant blocks often used for airbag applications are most often pellets obtained by compressing granules of energetic materials. In the hypothesis of pellets of the same composition, by varying the diameter and thickness of the pellets of each load, it is possible to accentuate the difference in flow rate and duration of combustion between the two chambers.

In general, in the context of certain variants of implementation of the method of the invention, in order to accentuate the difference between the flow rates - first high flow and second low flow - and / or the duration of combustion of the two chambers, we differentiate the two loads. So ;

the first pyrotechnic charge may have a thickness to be burned lower than that of said second charge (second charge which is intended to be burned as long as possible);

the propellant element (the propellant elements) constituting the second pyrotechnic charge may have at least one of its (their) combustion surfaces inhibited. It is thus intended to prolong the burning time of said second load. Optionally, the arrangement of the block or blocks in the low pressure combustion chamber is such that the flame front propagates only on one side of the block or blocks. Optionally, the block or blocks may be partially inhibited to obtain a frontal combustion (so-called cigarette). In general, the first pyrotechnic charge consists of a single propellant element or of several propellant elements arranged in bulk or arranged, advantageously arranged in bulk and, independently, the second pyrotechnic charge consists of a single element of propellant. propellant or propellant, arranged in bulk or arranged. The pyrotechnic charge of the high pressure chamber is thus advantageously composed of one or more propellant elements (pellets, strands, etc.) in bulk, of small dimensions such as, for example, those usually used for airbag applications. This type of loading conventionally makes it possible to generate a large amount of gas for a short period of time so as to ensure the deployment and inflation of the bag. The high pressure in the chamber is provided both by the large combustion surface of this type of loading and by the small diameter of said at least one nozzle separating the two chambers. The high operating pressure leads to a high combustion rate favorable to obtaining a large flow of gas.

The pyrotechnic charge of the low pressure chamber is advantageously in the form of at least one propellant block operating at low pressure. Said load has a greater burning thickness than the loading of the high pressure chamber. The combustion time of said load operating at low pressure is longer than that of the advantageously bulk load operating at high pressure. In the case where the load is composed of several monolithic blocks, the latter are advantageously stacked on top of one another. The blocks then light up as the combustion front advances. This makes it possible to maintain the gas flow for a longer time than that generated by the bulk loading. The loading of the low pressure chamber thus continues to burn after the end of combustion of the charging of the high pressure chamber. This allows in particular to maintain the pressure in an inflatable structure after deployment. The length of the blocks used can in particular vary between 5 and 10 mm, in the case of composition without binder used in the field of automotive safety. The composition of the pyrotechnic charges of the invention advantageously comprises basic copper nitrate, as an oxidizing charge and guanidine nitrate, as a reducing charge. It very advantageously comprises basic copper nitrate, as sole oxidizing charge and guanidine nitrate, as the only reducing charge. Such a combination of basic nitrate of copper / guanidine nitrate is in fact known to present, in the field of automotive safety (driver type airbags), a combustion rate, already rather low compared to those of other compositions used in this field. In the case of this very advantageous variant, said composition generally comprises: from 45 to 55% by weight of guanidine nitrate;

from 40 to 50% by weight of basic copper nitrate; and

from 0 to 5% by weight of additives.

The method of the invention is also advantageously implemented so that the gases generated in the first combustion chamber are removed from the second combustion chamber, via said at least one vent (opening on the outside), without flow through the second pyrotechnic charge.

If necessary, the gases produced by the combustion of the second pyrotechnic charge are cooled within the second combustion chamber.

Those skilled in the art, in consideration of the foregoing, have grasped the whole point of the process of the invention. Said interest is even greater than the device, useful for the implementation of said method, is an easy realization. According to its second object, the present invention relates to a new type of pyrotechnic gas generator with two combustion chambers, suitable for implementing the method described above.

Characteristically:

said two combustion chambers communicate via at least one nozzle; and

- one of them, which does not open to the outside, is able to operate at high pressure, while

- The other, which opens out via at least one vent, is able to operate at low pressure. The geometry of such a generator is advantageously cylindrical.

The combustion chamber adapted to (designed to) operate at high pressure can be integrated into the combustion chamber suitable for

(intended to) operate at low pressure. In another variant, the two chambers are contiguous, so that the two pyrotechnic charges are expected to be vis-à-vis. The clamping coefficient of the chamber capable of operating at high pressure is advantageously greater than the clamping coefficient of the chamber capable of operating at low pressure.

In the context of an advantageous variant of embodiment, a single pyrotechnic igniter intervenes, mounted on the body of the generator, at the level of the chamber capable of operating at high pressure, not opening outwards (first combustion chamber = chamber high pressure).

Furthermore, in the structure of the generator of the invention, said at least one vent formed on the body of said chamber capable of operating at low pressure, is advantageously at a level such that it allows the evacuation of the gases generated. in the chamber adapted to operate at high pressure without flow thereof through the pyrotechnic charge of the chamber adapted to operate at low pressure. The pyrotechnic charge of the chamber capable of operating at low pressure can thus be a full block, inhibited, with frontal combustion, of diameter equivalent to that of said chamber. Those skilled in the art know that such blocks are opportunely used when it comes to generating low flow rates for long periods. Thus, in a construction with the two chambers (and the two loadings) facing each other, the vent (the vents) of the low pressure chamber is (are) advantageously arranged on the body of said chamber, between the inter-chamber separation orifice (s) (nozzle (s)) and the loading of said chamber.

It has also been seen that the gases resulting from the combustion of the second charge can be cooled within the second combustion chamber. According to an alternative embodiment, said second combustion chamber (able to operate at low pressure) therefore comprises means for cooling the gases generated within it. Such means contain a cooling agent, such as water or, advantageously, any other liquid or solid having a high calorific value and capable of vaporizing at high temperature (in contact with the combustion gases). Advantageously, the coolant remains in the liquid phase at a lower temperature than that of water. It may especially consist of the Novec 1230® agent marketed by the company 3M. Such means advantageously consist of at least one capsule, capable of releasing the agent that it contains as and when the combustion of the pressure maintaining charge (second pyrotechnic charge). It may in particular be toric capsules surrounding the pyrotechnic charge or capsules inserted in inter-element interstices (advantageously inter-block) of said load. It is now proposed to recall, in a non-limiting manner, the characteristics of the method and device of the invention with reference, firstly, to the appended figures, and then to the example presented. Figure 1 is a generator diagram of the invention, loaded, suitable for implementing the method of the invention. Figure 2 schematically illustrates the presence of a coolant in the low pressure combustion chamber of said generator.

Figure 3 shows a particular embodiment of generator of the invention (loaded), suitable for implementing the method of the invention.

Figure 4 is a generator diagram of the invention, loaded, suitable for the implementation of the method of the invention in its simplest version (with two identical loadings).

In Figures 1 to 3, the same references were used. The generator 100 comprises the two combustion chambers

I and 2:

the combustion chamber 1 is that which operates at high pressure HP,

the combustion chamber 2 is the one that operates at low pressure BP.

Said two chambers 1 (HP) and 2 (BP) communicate via the nozzle 3.

The gases generated from the chamber 1 and the chamber 2 are discharged to the outside via the vents 21. The pyrotechnic charge 10 of the combustion chamber

1 consists of n pellets 10 'of propellant.

The pyrotechnic charge 20 of the combustion chamber

2 consists of 20 m propellant blocks.

The igniter suitable for lighting the load 10 has been referenced. In FIG. 2, cooling means 22 have been shown for the combustion gases generated in chamber 2 (LP). Said means 22 are in the form of toric capsules.

With reference to FIG. 3, it is realized that the two combustion chambers 1 and 2 are cylindrical, that the generator 100 has a cylindrical geometry. FIG. 3 shows at 12 a pyrotechnic ignition relay charge and at 13 a holding spring of said pyrotechnic ignition relay charge 12 and of the charge 10 of the chamber 1. In FIGS. 1 and 3, FIG. it is clearly seen that the two loadings 10 and 20 are arranged facing each other, the vents 21 of the chamber 2 being disposed on the body of said chamber 2 between the nozzle 3 and the loading 20 of said chamber 2 (advantageous variant ).

In FIG. 4 (very diagrammatic), there is a generator 100 of the invention, of the same type as that of FIGS.

(We find the same references for the various constituent elements of said generator). However, in each of the two chambers 1 and 2 of said generator 100, the same pyrotechnic charge, a single propellant block 30, is involved. The originality and the interest of the method of the invention, shown here under its simplest implementation variant, is clear from the consideration of this figure.

EXAMPLE A generator of the type of the invention was designed to quickly pressurize (inflate) a structure by rapidly delivering a large flow of gas and then maintain for a long time t (10 milliseconds <t <1 min) the pressure within said structure, while delivering a lower gas flow. The length of the entire generator is 220 mm for an internal diameter of 17 mm. The length of the chamber operating at low pressure is 123 mm, this length is adjusted according to the dimensions of the pressure maintaining load. Said generator is as shown in FIG. 3. The ignition relay charge typically has a mass of 0.4 g. The generator of the invention was tested with pellets and blocks having the same weight composition, known composition of the prior art (see in particular WO 2006/047085) and consisting of a mixture of basic copper nitrate, guanidine nitrate and alumina (additive).

The pyrotechnic charge of the high-pressure chamber is composed of 4 g of pellets 6 mm in diameter and a thickness of 1.8 mm. Said pellets intervene in bulk.

The orifice separating the two chambers has a diameter of 3 mm. A maximum value of the pressure in the high pressure chamber is 20 MPa, during the operation of the load, for an operating time of 40 milliseconds.

The pyrotechnic charge of the low pressure chamber consists of 3 to 10 g of stacked cylindrical blocks each measuring 17 mm in diameter and 9 mm in thickness. The body of said low pressure chamber is provided with three vents 3 mm in diameter.

The pressure in the low pressure chamber during the combustion phase of the pyrotechnic charge of the other chamber is about 2 MPa. After the end of the combustion of said charging of the high pressure chamber, said pressure in said low pressure chamber is (almost) identical to that of the outside of the generator (~ close to the ambient pressure). This characteristic directs the choice of the pyrotechnic composition which must have stable combustion at low pressure. The burning time of the low pressure chamber charge is 60 s to 2 s depending on the configuration of the stack loading.

Claims

1. Pyrotechnic process for generating gas at two successive rates, a first rate then a second rate, said first rate being greater than said second rate, comprising:

- The combustion of a first pyrotechnic charge (10) in a first combustion chamber (1) discharging into a second combustion chamber (2) via at least one nozzle (3); and

- The combustion of a second pyrotechnic charge (20) in said second combustion chamber (2) discharging outwards via at least one vent (21); characterized in that said first combustion chamber (1) operates at high pressure and that said second combustion chamber (2) operates at low pressure.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said first (10) and second (20) loadings have the same composition.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said first (10) and second (20) loadings have the same dimensions and geometry.

4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said first (10) and second (20) loadings are of identical composition, dimensions and geometry.

5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said first load (10) has a thickness to be burned lower than that of said second load (20).

6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said first load (10) consists of a single propellant element or several elements (10 ') of propellant in bulk or arranged, preferably in bulk and in that, independently, said second load (20) consists of a single propellant element or a plurality of loose or arranged propellant elements (20 '), advantageously arranged.

7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that said single propellant element or at least one of said propellant elements (20 ') of said second charge (20) has at least one of its combustion surfaces inhibited.

8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is initiated by the single ignition of said first load (10) in said first combustion chamber (1).

9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the gases generated in said first combustion chamber (1) are discharged from said second combustion chamber (2) via said at least one vent (21). ), without flow through said second load (20).

10. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the gases from the combustion of said second charge (20) are cooled within said second combustion chamber (2).

11. Pyrotechnic gas generator (100) whose body comprises two combustion chambers (1, 2), characterized in that: - said two chambers (1, 2) communicate via BU minus a nozzle (3);

one of said two chambers (1) is capable of operating at high pressure and does not open to the outside,

- The other of said two chambers (2) is adapted to operate at low pressure and opens on the outside via at least one vent (21).

12. Generator (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that the clamping coefficient of the chamber capable of operating at high pressure (1) is greater than the clamping coefficient of the chamber adapted to operate at low pressure (2).

13. Generator (100) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that a single pyrotechnic igniter (11) is mounted on its body and in that said single pyrotechnic igniter (11) is mounted at said chamber adapted to operate at high pressure (1) and do not open to the outside.

14. Generator (100) according to any one of the claims

11 to 13, characterized in that said at least one vent (21) is formed on the body of said chamber adapted to operate at low pressure (2), to a level such that it allows the evacuation of the gases generated in said chamber capable of operating at high pressure (1) without flow thereof through the charging of said chamber capable of operating at low pressure (2).

15. Generator (100) according to any one of claims li to 14, characterized in that said chamber adapted to operate at low pressure (2) comprises means (22) for cooling the combustion gases generated therein.

16. Generator according to claim 15, characterized in that said means (22) are capsules-type inserts containing a cooling agent.