EP2073194A1 - Instrument de musique électronique - Google Patents

Instrument de musique électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2073194A1
EP2073194A1 EP07425788A EP07425788A EP2073194A1 EP 2073194 A1 EP2073194 A1 EP 2073194A1 EP 07425788 A EP07425788 A EP 07425788A EP 07425788 A EP07425788 A EP 07425788A EP 2073194 A1 EP2073194 A1 EP 2073194A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
key
musical instrument
strain
electronic musical
base member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07425788A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Giovanni Luigi Albore
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP07425788A priority Critical patent/EP2073194A1/fr
Publication of EP2073194A1 publication Critical patent/EP2073194A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/32—Constructional details
    • G10H1/34—Switch arrangements, e.g. keyboards or mechanical switches specially adapted for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/344—Structural association with individual keys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/04—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation
    • G10H1/053—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only
    • G10H1/055—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by switches with variable impedance elements
    • G10H1/0558—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by switches with variable impedance elements using variable resistors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/155—Musical effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
    • G10H2220/561—Piezoresistive transducers, i.e. exhibiting vibration, pressure, force or movement -dependent resistance, e.g. strain gauges, carbon-doped elastomers or polymers for piezoresistive drumpads, carbon microphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2240/00—Data organisation or data communication aspects, specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2240/171—Transmission of musical instrument data, control or status information; Transmission, remote access or control of music data for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H2240/281—Protocol or standard connector for transmission of analog or digital data to or from an electrophonic musical instrument
    • G10H2240/311—MIDI transmission

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to an electronic musical instrument, broadening the options of production and modulation of sounds currently offered to musicians by traditional keyboards.
  • Modern electronic keyboards generally comprise therein a vocal synthesizer suitable for the production of sounds.
  • Vocal synthesizers also called expanders, are driven by a MIDI type interface.
  • MIDI an acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Interface
  • MIDI is substantially a computer language according to which instructions are transmitted to a synthesizer that, on their basis, produces the desired sound.
  • the pressing of a key causes the production of an electric signal sent to the synthesizer.
  • the signal comprises therein three properties of the sound that has to be produced, i.e. the note (frequency), the dynamics of the simulated instrument and the intensity of the sound to be produced.
  • Sound intensity substantially simulates the dynamics, also called "velocity", of the note played.
  • dynamics also called "velocity”
  • a violin-played note having a strong dynamics will be different, volumes being equal, from a note played by the same instrument, yet with a weaker dynamics.
  • keyboard keys have a single degree of freedom, along which they are pressed and subsequently released.
  • a system measures the time the same key spends to reach the lowest position. Obtained data is received by an electronic control unit, which on its basis processes a MIDI control signal to be sent to the synthesizer. Therefore, the faster (and therefore with greater force) the key is pressed, the greater will be the dynamics of the synthesizer-produced note. Instead, for less expensive keyboards, the velocity with which the key is pressed regulates the note volume only.
  • the pressing of a key generates electric signals (type of instrument, note to be played and velocity thereof) that are received by the electronic control unit, which translates them into an instruction packet, according to the MIDI standard, that is subsequently sent to the synthesizer for the production of the required sound.
  • the bender is used, while the key is pressed, to obtain a pitch-shift on the note played, i.e. to cause a frequency variation of the note itself depending on the effect to be obtained.
  • a vibrato effect by which the pitch-shift is rapidly performed about an average frequency value
  • a glissando (gliding) effect by which the frequency variation of the note is performed slowly, without returning to the starting value.
  • some traditional keyboards have the option of adjusting produced sounds by pedals actuated during the same playing.
  • said pedals adjust at most general features of the sounds produced by the keyboard, and not the features of the sound produced by a specific key.
  • the main drawback of classical electronic keyboards lies in that they offer scanty options to modulate emitted sounds.
  • a user can modulate sounds during playing solely by adjusting the key-pressing force (i.e., by adjusting the velocity of the notes as described above) and by use of the bender, to perform, e.g., a vibrato or a glissando.
  • a violinist has to comply with various modulations and coloraturas.
  • a violinist typically plays a continuous note doing a crescendo, i.e., gradually increasing its intensity by varying the pressure or the speed of the bow on the strings.
  • a crescendo i.e., gradually increasing its intensity by varying the pressure or the speed of the bow on the strings.
  • a wind instrument a musician will do a crescendo over a note by inletting more or less air therein.
  • object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above with reference to the known art, by providing an instrument substantially as described in claim 1.
  • the present invention by overcoming the mentioned problems of the known art, entails several evident advantages.
  • the electronic instrument subject-matter of the present invention uses, in the present embodiment described herein by way of example and not for limitative purposes, strain sensors positioned at the bottom of keys.
  • the keys of the instrument subject-matter of the present invention have more degrees of freedom in their motion with respect to classical keyboard keys (which can only be pressed downward).
  • the key is connected to the keyboard by an elastic joint, which allows the key itself to move along plural degrees of freedom.
  • one or more movements imparted to the keys by the user are sensed by the strain sensors, or strain gauges, positioned at their bottom, subsequently translated into an electric signal and then into a sound.
  • strain gauge deformation is encoded by an electronic control unit connected to a MIDI interface, which sends to the synthesizer one or more control signals corresponding to one or more musical events to be reproduced.
  • Pressure sensors also called strain gauges, consist of a support onto which a grid of very thin wire is bonded.
  • the strain gauge is then bonded onto the body of which strains are to be measured.
  • the grid of very thin wire follows the strains of the body, by lengthening and shortening, depending on whether the body is subjected to a tensile or compressive stress. According to the known Ohm's law, these dimensional variations of the wire cause a variation of its electric resistance; therefore, by measuring these variations with suitable electric circuitry it is possible to trace the extent of the strain.
  • Strain gauges may be disposed in order to measure strains deriving from a tensile state along an axis, by arranging one or more wire grids along said axis, or they may be disposed in order to measure strains caused by a plane tensile state, by arranging pairs of grids perpendicular therebetween along a plane whose strains are to be known.
  • strain gauges are of uniaxial type, whereas in the second case they are biaxial.
  • the main advantage lies in that the instrument subject-matter of the present invention remarkably broadens expressive options with respect to a traditional keyboard.
  • the instrument subject-matter of the present invention allows to continue modulating the sound with the movements imparted by the user to the key, and encoded as mentioned above by the strain sensor lying therebelow.
  • Another advantage of the present invention lies in that the keys are equipped with further position sensors, located at their outer surface pressed by the user.
  • the instrument can modulate the sound produced by the motion of a key also depending on which portion of the key itself has been pressed, thereby obtaining other options of modulation on the sounds produced.
  • instrument subject-matter of the present invention is based on the use of components (strain gauges) widely used to date and not particularly expensive, making the manufacturing thereof not particularly onerous in terms of costs, though dramatically broadening the options of a standard keyboard in the production and modulation of sounds.
  • the electronic musical instrument 1 subject-matter of the present invention is depicted in a top plan view. It comprises a main body 2 to which there are movably connected a plurality of keys.
  • the key 3 has a bottom surface (not shown in figure), and a top surface 5 on which a user exerts a pressure in at least one preferential direction, for the production/modulation of a sound, as it will be detailed hereinafter.
  • the instrument 1 comprises means for the instantaneous measuring of pressure exerted by the user on the top surface 5.
  • Said means is apt to generate an electric signal, corresponding to the measured pressure, and to send it to an electronic control unit 8 through an electric circuit 80.
  • the electronic control unit is apt to continuously receive said electric signal and to process instant-wise one or more corresponding control signals.
  • Said control signals could be processed by the control unit by means of a MIDI interface, according to the standard most used in the production of digital music. Then, the control unit sends said control signals to a synthesizer 9 for the production/modulation of a sound.
  • a control signal comprises all information needed by the synthesizer to operate the desired sound production/modulation.
  • both the electronic control unit and the synthesizer could be located inside the main body 2, or remotely with respect thereto.
  • Said measuring means comprises a resilient base member (not shown in figure 1 ) integral to said main body 2 and positioned bottomwise to said key 3, substantially at the bottom surface thereof, in a manner such as to cooperate therewith when the key 3 is subjected to a pressure exerted on the top surface 5 by the user.
  • a respective resilient base member for each key of the instrument or a resilient base member common for all keys, by which each key will cooperate with a respective portion underlying thereto.
  • Technical solutions for such an embodiment are within the reach of a person skilled in the art and will not be delved into hereinafter.
  • said instantaneous measuring means comprises for each key a strain sensor, schematically denoted in the figure by the numeral 7, arranged on a respective resilient base member.
  • the senor 7 is connected by the electric circuit 80 to the electronic control unit 8. As it is evident, a pressure exerted by a user on the key 3 against the resilient base member is detected and measured by the strain sensor 7.
  • the strain sensor may be made by one or more strain gauges.
  • Strain gauges are made of a grid of very thin wire bonded to a surface of which strains are to be known.
  • by positioning one or more strain gauges onto the resilient base member it is possible to measure its strain, caused by the pressure of the key 3 against it.
  • By measuring its strains it is possible, knowing the elastic properties of the strained material, to trace the properties of intensity and direction of the pressure exerted.
  • the strain sensor 7 sends an electric signal, corresponding to said measured strain, to the electronic control unit 8 through the electric circuit 80. Then, the electronic control unit receives said signal and processes one or more control signals to be sent to the synthesizer for the production/modulation of a sound.
  • the key 3 is connected to the main body by connecting means 15, and is movable between a rest position, in which it does not interact with the respective strain sensor, and an operative position in which it cooperates with the resilient base member, when pressed by the user.
  • the strain sensor 7 is implemented by a strain gauge 71, arranged on the resilient base member, denoted in the figure by numeral 4, at the bottom surface 6 of the key 3.
  • the connecting means 15 is such as to allow to the key 3, when pressed, a movement along a direction substantially orthogonal to a plane 100 containing the resilient base member 4, and denoted in figure by arrow 200. Therefore, the key effects a strain of the resilient base member along said orthogonal direction, strain that is measured by the strain gauge 71. Moreover, said means 15 allow said key 3 to return to the rest position as soon as the pressure on the key - exerted just by the user - ceases. Said means 15 is implemented, by way of example and not for limitative purposes, by an elastic joint 15.
  • the synthesizer will generally produce a sound that will depend, other than on the specific key, on the pressure with which the key is pressed.
  • the strain gauge 71 will measure a strain increasing over time and will continuously transmit to the electronic control unit a corresponding signal at each pressure value sensed. Therefore, by a suitable adjustment of the MIDI interface of the control unit, it is possible to set it in a manner such as to associate to each pressure value a specific intensity of the note produced by the synthesizer.
  • simulation faithfulness will also depend on the specific electronic control unit used, and on the quality and quantity of sampled sounds present inside the synthesizer. Therefore, the greater the technological grade of these components, the better the quality of the obtained simulation.
  • the elastic joint 15 is such as to allow to the key 3, in addition to its lowering along the orthogonal direction indicated by arrow 200, a sliding onto the resilient base member along a vertical direction lying on the plane 100 and indicated by arrows 300 and 301.
  • the user following the pressure exerted by the key 3 onto the resilient base member in an orthogonal direction, the user has the option to slide the key forward or backward along the direction indicated by said arrows 300 and 301.
  • the resilient base member is subjected to a strain along said vertical direction, measured by the strain sensor 7.
  • the strain sensor may be made by a pair of strain gauges 72, 73 arranged just along the vertical direction onto which the strain takes place.
  • said pair of strain gauges 72, 73 is such as to measure both the strain along the orthogonal direction, produced by the lowering of the key 3 against the resilient base member, and the strain of the resilient base member along the vertical direction, produced by the sliding of the key thereon in the direction indicated by arrows 300 and 301.
  • the electric signal produced by the pair of strain gauges 72 and 73 and corresponding to the strain of the resilient base member in the vertical direction is transmitted to the electronic control unit and may be associated thereby to a specific effect/modulation of the sound produced by the synthesizer, according to the modes discussed above.
  • a pressure on the key in the orthogonal direction causes the production of a sound.
  • An increase of the pressure causes, e.g., a dynamic variation of the same sound, whereas a sliding of the key along the vertical direction causes, e.g., an effect/modulation of the sound itself.
  • the elastic joint 15 allows the key 3, in addition to its movement along the orthogonal direction indicated by arrow 200, a further sliding along a longitudinal direction, lying onto the plane 100 indicated by arrows 400 and 401, and orthogonal to the above-discussed vertical direction.
  • the elastic joint 15 allows the user to slide the key rightwise or leftwise onto the resilient base member along the direction indicated by said arrows 400 and 401.
  • the resilient base member is subject to a strain, along said longitudinal direction, measured by the strain sensor 7.
  • the strain sensor 7 may be made by a pair of strain gauges 74, 75, now arranged along the longitudinal direction on which the strain occurs.
  • the pair of strain gauges 74 and 75 in an entirely analogous manner, will send to the electronic control unit an electric signal corresponding to the strain measured along said longitudinal direction to operate a further modulation/effect of the sound produced by the synthesizer.
  • the pair of strain gauges 74 and 75 arranged along the longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the pair of strain gauges 72 and 73 for measuring the strain in the vertical direction. Therefore, the two pairs form a first strain gauge cross.
  • the key 3 is advantageously characterised in that it has a substantially trapezoidal shape, in order to allow said sliding along the longitudinal direction without interfering with keys 3' and 3" adjacent thereto.
  • the elastic joint is such as to allow the key 3 a roll sliding onto the resilient base member about the plane 100, along the arrows 500 and 501.
  • the pressure sensor measures the strains of the resilient base member corresponding to said roll sliding of the key and transmits an electric signal, corresponding to said strains, to the electronic control unit for a further effect/modulation of the sound produced.
  • the strain sensor can be made by four strain sensors forming a second strain gauge cross, concentric with respect to the first strain gauge cross and rotated with respect thereto of an angle of about 45°.
  • the elastic joint 15 allows the key 3, beside pressure in a direction orthogonal to the plane 100, a sliding obtainable by a combination of said vertical, longitudinal and roll slidings.
  • the elastic joint 15 is such as to return the key 3 into the rest position, as soon as the pressure exerted thereon by the user ceases.
  • the roll sliding might simulate the variation of sound of a note obtained on a violin by varying the position of the bow with respect to the strings. While performing a roll modulation, by increasing pressure in the orthogonal direction there can be obtained a timbre variation of the note (simulating an increase or decrease in the intensity of the bow on the string), beside obtaining other desired effects by a combination of sliding of the key along the vertical and longitudinal directions.
  • the key 3 of the instrument 1, movable in the above-described manner additionally has a plurality of position sensors 20, 20', 20", each placed substantially at the top surface 5 and apt to detect a respective zone of the top surface 5 at which the user exerts pressure.
  • the position sensors transmit to the electronic control unit a second electric signal corresponding to the detected pressure zone, to operate a further modulation of the sound produced by the audio synthesizer.
  • the musical instrument subject-matter of the present invention comprises a single key 3, movable with respect to the main body 2 according to what has been described in the foregoing, and having on its surface a plurality of pressure sensors, arranged grid-like thereon.
  • the key 3 might associate a specific note to each zone in which pressure is detected by the respective position sensor, and operate various modulations/effects on the note produced by the above-discussed modes.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP07425788A 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Instrument de musique électronique Withdrawn EP2073194A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07425788A EP2073194A1 (fr) 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Instrument de musique électronique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07425788A EP2073194A1 (fr) 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Instrument de musique électronique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2073194A1 true EP2073194A1 (fr) 2009-06-24

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Family Applications (1)

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EP07425788A Withdrawn EP2073194A1 (fr) 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Instrument de musique électronique

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012022291A2 (fr) 2010-07-02 2012-02-23 Simon Kemper Appareil d'entrée de musique
DE102010044842A1 (de) * 2010-09-07 2012-03-08 Ilja Dzampajev Klaviatur eines elektronischen Tasteninstruments
WO2013034153A3 (fr) * 2011-09-07 2013-07-04 Vladimir Dzampajev Clavier pour un instrument électronique à touches
US10418011B1 (en) 2018-03-29 2019-09-17 Ableton Ag Button
EP3547303A1 (fr) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-02 Ableton AG Touche avec possibilité d'expressions supplémentaires

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5495074A (en) * 1992-05-20 1996-02-27 Yamaha Corporation Keyboard unit for electronic musical instrument having a key motion detectors
US5571982A (en) * 1992-08-31 1996-11-05 Yamaha Corporation Keyboard for electronic musical instrument
US5578782A (en) * 1993-12-27 1996-11-26 Yamaha Corporation Musical tone control device for electronic keyboard instrument
US20040007116A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2004-01-15 Dwight Marcus Keys for musical instruments and musical methods
US20040065187A1 (en) * 1998-05-15 2004-04-08 Ludwig Lester F. Generalized electronic music interface

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5495074A (en) * 1992-05-20 1996-02-27 Yamaha Corporation Keyboard unit for electronic musical instrument having a key motion detectors
US5571982A (en) * 1992-08-31 1996-11-05 Yamaha Corporation Keyboard for electronic musical instrument
US5578782A (en) * 1993-12-27 1996-11-26 Yamaha Corporation Musical tone control device for electronic keyboard instrument
US20040065187A1 (en) * 1998-05-15 2004-04-08 Ludwig Lester F. Generalized electronic music interface
US20040007116A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2004-01-15 Dwight Marcus Keys for musical instruments and musical methods

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012022291A2 (fr) 2010-07-02 2012-02-23 Simon Kemper Appareil d'entrée de musique
WO2012022291A3 (fr) * 2010-07-02 2012-04-26 Simon Kemper Appareil d'entrée de musique
DE102010044842A1 (de) * 2010-09-07 2012-03-08 Ilja Dzampajev Klaviatur eines elektronischen Tasteninstruments
DE102010044842B4 (de) * 2010-09-07 2015-04-16 Ilja Dzampajev Klaviatur eines elektronischen Tasteninstruments
WO2013034153A3 (fr) * 2011-09-07 2013-07-04 Vladimir Dzampajev Clavier pour un instrument électronique à touches
US10418011B1 (en) 2018-03-29 2019-09-17 Ableton Ag Button
EP3547303A1 (fr) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-02 Ableton AG Touche avec possibilité d'expressions supplémentaires
US11727905B2 (en) 2018-03-29 2023-08-15 Ableton Ag Button with enhanced expression facilities

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