EP2069726B1 - Plug-in sensor having an optimized flow outlet - Google Patents
Plug-in sensor having an optimized flow outlet Download PDFInfo
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- EP2069726B1 EP2069726B1 EP07803415.4A EP07803415A EP2069726B1 EP 2069726 B1 EP2069726 B1 EP 2069726B1 EP 07803415 A EP07803415 A EP 07803415A EP 2069726 B1 EP2069726 B1 EP 2069726B1
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- outlet
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/6842—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow with means for influencing the fluid flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F5/00—Measuring a proportion of the volume flow
Definitions
- the invention is based on devices for measuring at least one parameter of a flowing fluid medium, in particular a fluid medium flowing through a flow tube, as are known from various areas of the art.
- defined fluid media in particular gas masses (eg an air mass) with certain properties (for example temperature, pressure, flow velocity, mass flow etc.) must be supplied , These include, in particular, combustion processes which take place under controlled conditions.
- An important application example is the combustion of fuel in internal combustion engines of motor vehicles, in particular with subsequent catalytic exhaust gas purification, in which regulated a certain air mass per unit time (air mass flow) must be supplied.
- Various types of sensors are used to measure the air mass flow rate.
- One type of sensor known from the prior art is the so-called hot film air mass meter (HFM), which is used, for example, in US Pat DE 196 01 791 A1 in one embodiment.
- HFM hot film air mass meter
- Such a hot-film air mass meter usually uses a sensor chip which has a thin sensor membrane, for example a silicon sensor chip. On the sensor membrane is typically arranged at least one heating resistor, which is surrounded by two or more temperature measuring resistors (temperature sensors).
- the temperature distribution changes, which in turn can be detected by the temperature measuring resistors and can be evaluated by means of a control and evaluation circuit.
- an air mass flow can be determined.
- Various other variants of this type of sensor are known in the art.
- a disadvantage of the plug-type sensor constructions described in the prior art is that the plug-in sensors described, with their aerodynamically unfavorable shape, in many cases cause problems with regard to a flow resistance-related pressure drop in the intake tract.
- the signal reproducibility of the signals of such sensors is comparatively low.
- DE 10 2004 022 271 A1 Therefore proposes a construction in which fixed flow in the flow tube is provided as a separate component.
- a one-piece design of the Strömungsableitteils is proposed with the plug-in sensor.
- a Strömungsleitwand is permanently installed in the flow tube, which should cause a calming of the flow behind the plug-in sensor.
- DE 101 35 142 A1 or DE 10 2004 022 271 A1 known construction has only a comparatively low air mass flow through the bypass channel, so that overall the signal strokes (and thus the signal-to-noise ratio) are often relatively unsatisfactory.
- DE 101 35 142 A1 and DE 10 2004 022 271 A1 used a construction in which the discharge opening of the main flow channel is laterally arranged on the plug-in sensor that outflowing air affects the flow around the plug-in sensor negative and thus further increases the flow resistance of the plug-in sensor or even affect the signal characteristics of the plug-in sensor.
- a plug-in sensor for determining at least one parameter of a flowing in a main flow direction through a flow tube fluid medium which has a plug part which can be inserted into the flow tube in a plug-in direction with a predetermined orientation to the main flow direction.
- a plug-in sensor for determining at least one parameter of a flowing in a main flow direction through a flow tube fluid medium is known, which has a plug part which can be inserted into the flow tube in a plug-in direction with a predetermined orientation to the main flow direction.
- the plug-in sensor has an outlet opening on the underside in the region of a pressure minimum behind a spoiler edge.
- a plug-in sensor for determining at least one parameter of a fluid medium flowing with a main flow direction.
- the plug-in sensor may be one of the above-described hot-film air mass meters, which measure a flow through a flow tube Intake air mass of an internal combustion engine are suitable.
- a basic idea of the present invention consists in optimizing fluidically at least one outlet opening of the at least one plug-in sensor in terms of its arrangement and design.
- a plug-in sensor which has an insertable into the flowing fluid medium in a predetermined orientation to the main flow direction plug part.
- At least one flow channel with at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening is provided in the plug part, wherein at least one sensor (for example one of the hot-film air mass sensors / sensor chips described above) is included in the at least one flow channel for determining the at least one parameter.
- the plug part has a profile (cross-sectional profile) on which at least one at least local pressure minimum is established in the flowing fluid medium.
- the at least one outlet opening (that is, at least one of the at least one outlet opening) is arranged on the side of the plug part in the region of this at least one pressure minimum.
- the profile of the plug part can be used, for example, known techniques from the aircraft design.
- an airfoil profile is used, which is designed such that an asymmetric flow profile of the fluid medium with a high-pressure side and a low-pressure side adjusts when the plug part is inserted into the flowing fluid medium.
- wing profiles are known to those skilled in the aircraft.
- Such airfoils are designed such that they cause a force from the high pressure side to the low pressure side (buoyancy), wherein in the region of the low pressure side, a pressure minimum occurs.
- the at least one outlet opening is arranged on the low-pressure side in the region of the at least one pressure minimum.
- airfoil profiles which are introduced into the flowing fluid medium at an angle of incidence ⁇ to the main flow direction of the flowing medium.
- angles of attack between 0 ° and 7 °, preferably between 2 ° and 5 ° and more preferably at 4 ° have proven successful, the optimum angle of attack of the exact Design of the wing profile depends.
- the idea according to the invention of arranging the at least one outlet opening in the region of the at least one pressure minimum causes a particularly high throughput through the at least one flow channel, since the suction effect is particularly great when the at least one outlet opening is arranged in the region of the at least one pressure minimum.
- the opening width (D) is for example at a circular outlet opening the diameter.
- opening widths can be defined in a similar manner, for example in the form of edge lengths or the like.
- the at least one flow channel can have at least one main channel and at least one bypass channel, for example to arrange the sensor in the bypass channel protected from particles and similar contaminants.
- the at least one outlet opening may comprise at least one main flow outlet of the at least one main channel and / or at least one bypass outlet of the at least one bypass channel.
- an arrangement of the at least one outlet opening has proved to be laterally on the at least one airfoil profile, which realizes one or both of the following arrangements.
- the center of the at least one bypass outlet can be arranged on or in front of the at least one pressure minimum.
- the center of the at least one bypass outlet is at a distance between -0.5 D 1 and 2.0 D 1 , preferably between 0 D 1 and 1.0 D 1 and particularly preferably at 0.5 D 1 upstream (that is opposite to the main flow direction) of the at least one pressure minimum is arranged.
- D 1 denotes the opening width of the at least one bypass outlet, according to the above definition of the term "opening width".
- the center of the at least one main current outlet can be optimally selected in its position.
- the at least one main flow outlet can be selected upstream or downstream of the at least one pressure minimum.
- D 2 denotes the opening width of the at least one main flow outlet according to the above definition.
- the diameters D, D 1 and D 2 are preferably in the range between 10% and 20% of the profile length L '.
- This particular arrangement of the at least one main flow outlet may also include, for example, the at least one main flow outlet disposed in a flow fluid fluid separation region, that is, downstream of one or more airfoil flow separation points. In this way can be achieved be that the main flow, which flows through the main channel at its outflow from the main flow outlet, the flow behavior around the plug-in sensor as little as possible affected.
- the plug part may further comprise at least one side, preferably only on the low pressure side, at least one release element, which is designed to at at least local pressure minimum when inserted into the flowing fluid medium plug part to effect in the flowing fluid medium.
- the at least one detachment element may preferably have a kink in the contour of the plug part or a step. A continuous profile course is also possible, for example a maximum in the contour of the plug part and / or a turning point in the contour. Embodiments of such detachment elements will be described in more detail below.
- the plug-in sensor with the features described above, implemented individually or in combination, on the one hand has good anti-wetting properties against water, dust and similar impurities. This is the case in particular when using the at least one bypass channel which branches off from the at least one main channel. Furthermore, the plug-in sensor described can be made compact in order to be used even in confined space. The total length of the plug-in sensor can be made comparatively short overall.
- the air mass flow rate, in particular through the bypass channel (the mass flow rate through the main channel is less relevant for the signal properties) is significantly promoted.
- Positioning the main flow outlet laterally in a trapped flow area minimizes the disturbance of the outside flow, thereby greatly improving the signal reproducibility of the plug-in sensor.
- the dynamic behavior of the plug-in sensor is referred to as pulsation behavior. With pulsating air flow, the air in the bypass channel pulsates, and the bypass channel acts as a compensation for nonlinearities of the characteristics of the plug-in sensor and the thermal inertia.
- the plug-in sensor thus has the advantage of a good pulsation behavior, so that when pulsating fluid Medium (eg air) gives only a small deviation between the mean value for steady-state operation and the mean value for pulsation (ie a low pulsation error).
- pulsating fluid Medium eg air
- the above-described plug-in sensor in one of the embodiments described can be further optimized in such a way that the at least one outlet opening is optimized in its design. This optimization, in combination with the optimization of the positioning of the at least one outlet opening, leads to a considerable improvement in the signal characteristic and / or a reduction in the pressure drop at the plug-in sensor.
- the at least one outlet opening has at least one flow guide element.
- This at least one flow guide element should be configured such that it approximates the fluid medium flowing out of the at least outlet opening in its outflow direction to the main flow direction, deflects the outflowing fluid medium in the direction of the main flow direction, and / or the outflowing fluid medium along the contour of the plug part (for example, along the contour of the airfoil profile) deflects.
- This is in contrast to conventional embodiments of outlet openings, which cause an outflow direction substantially perpendicular to the respective location on the profile of the plug part.
- the at least one flow-guiding element which optimally inserts the outflowing fluid medium into the ambient flow around the plug-in part, as a result of which this current is disturbed as little as possible.
- the at least one outlet opening can be arranged transversely to the main flow direction (that is, in particular perpendicular to the main flow direction and / or perpendicular to its surface normal to the respective location on the profile of the plug part).
- the at least one flow guide element may then comprise, for example, a deflection nose which is arranged with respect to the main flow direction at the upstream edge of the at least one outlet opening and points essentially in the main flow direction.
- this at least one deflection nose causes the ambient flow to be conducted past the at least one outlet opening as far as possible without additional turbulences or flow disturbances.
- the at least one deflection nose as described above, cause a deflection of the outflowing fluid medium.
- the at least one flow guide element may also have a rounding and / or flattening, in this case preferably at the downstream edge of the at least one outlet opening.
- sharp downstream edge at the at least one outlet opening causes the rounding and / or flattening a gentle deflection of the outflowing fluid in the main flow direction, which further reduces interference.
- the length of the deflection nose (that is to say the maximum length of the deflection nose in the direction of the main flow direction) has an optimum range.
- This optimum range is a length between 0.05 D and 0.5 D, preferably between 0.1 D and 0.4 D, where D is the opening width (see above) of the at least one outlet opening. It has been found that it can have a favorable effect if the main flow outlet and the bypass outlet are designed differently, wherein it is preferred that in particular the main flow outlet has such a deflection nose.
- the at least one rounding and / or flattening described above can also be optimized in terms of its length (which may be, for example, a straight length and / or an arc length) in the main flow direction.
- D denotes the opening width of the at least one outlet opening.
- This embodiment of the at least one outlet opening in one of the variants described offers the additional advantage of maximizing the throughput of flowing fluid medium, in particular through the bypass channel.
- the outer flow of the fluid medium around the plug part is disturbed only minimally.
- the size of the detachment regions on the plug part can also be reduced, whereby more stable flow conditions are established around the plug-in sensor. Overall, the signal noise of the measurement signal of the plug-in sensor is significantly improved, and the reproducibility of the measurement signal is increased.
- FIG. 1A a prior art embodiment of a plug-in sensor 110 is shown, which is formed in this case as H reliefiluuftmassenmesser 112.
- the hot film air mass meter 112 is in an intake tract 114 of an internal combustion engine used, which in Figure 1A not shown.
- Such hot film air mass meters 112 are commercially available.
- the hot film air mass meter 112 is configured to detect the flow direction of an intake stream and is designed for load sensing in gasoline or diesel fuel injected internal combustion engines.
- the installation of the H relied H disclosers 112 is usually carried out between an air filter and a throttle device and is usually as a preassembled module. Accordingly, the plug-in sensor 110 has a plug part 116, which in FIG.
- FIG. 1B is shown in an open state in side view and which in Figure 1A protrudes into the intake tract 114.
- a measuring housing 118 of the hot-film air mass meter 112 is subdivided into a flow area 120 and an electronics area 122.
- a flow channel 124 is accommodated, which is configured in this exemplary embodiment corresponding to the prior art, as in FIG DE 10 2004 022 271A1 described.
- the plug-in sensor 110 is supplied with air in a main flow direction 126.
- the air flows into the flow passage 124 through an inlet port 128.
- the flow channel 124 has a main channel 130 which is substantially straight, along the main flow direction 126 from the inlet port 128 to a main flow outlet 132.
- the main flow outlet 132 is located laterally in a wall of the plug part 116.
- a bypass channel 136 branches off at a branch 134, which extends essentially with a curved course around the main flow outlet 132 as far as a bypass outlet 138 located on the underside of the plug part 116.
- a chip carrier 142 with a sensor chip 144 embedded therein protrudes from the electronics region 122 into the bypass channel 136 in a straight section 140.
- the chip carrier 142 is usually located on a part of the electronic device 122, in FIG FIG. 1B not shown electronic circuit board attached (for example, molded), wherein the electronic board may include an evaluation and control circuit of the H amongfileinuftmassenmessers 112.
- a sharp-edged nose 146 is provided at the branch 134 of the bypass channel 136. At this nose, the main flow is separated from the portion of the air flowing through the bypass passage 136 such that water droplets and other contaminants continue to flow straight through the main passage 130 and substantially not reach the sensor chip 144.
- a problem of the prior art hot film air mass meter 112 is the configuration of the plug part 116 with a substantially rectangular shape Cross section in a sectional plane perpendicular to the drawing plane in FIG. 1B , Accordingly, the plug part 116 has an inflow side 148 with a surface configured substantially perpendicular to the main flow direction 126.
- a possible embodiment of the invention is to design the inflow side 148 as a rounded inflow side, wherein the rounding is already integrated in the plug part 116 and thus in the plug-in sensor 110.
- the plug part 116 in a sectional plane perpendicular to the plane in FIG. 1B at least in the region of the inlet opening 128, an airfoil 210, which exemplifies in FIG. 2 is shown. Based on the schematic diagram in FIG. 2 The basic concepts of the airfoil 210 will be explained.
- the airfoil profile 210 has a rounded inflow side 148, which is oriented essentially opposite to the main flow direction 126 when the plug part 116 is mounted in the intake tract 114 of the internal combustion engine.
- the inflow side 148 is often referred to as stagnation point in the case of wings.
- the flow of air around the airfoil 210 is in FIG FIG. 2 symbolically represented by the streamlines 212. It is clear that the flow around the airfoil 210 according to the invention is asymmetric for two reasons. First, the profile center line 214 is tilted on an imaginary line between the vertex of the inflow side 148 and the fictitious trailing edge 216 of the airfoil profile with respect to the main flow direction 126 by an angle ⁇ . As a result, the flow velocity above the airfoil 210 increases, and below the airfoil 210 decreases from this. Accordingly, the pressure under the airfoil 210 increases (high pressure side 228) and decreases above the airfoil 210 (low pressure side 230). This causes the known buoyancy effect of wings.
- a peculiarity of the airfoil 210 according to the embodiment in FIG. 2 is that the airfoil 210 has a rather "truncated" tail 218.
- This means that the tail is substantially perpendicular to the profile center line 214, or, with vanishing angle a, perpendicular to the main flow direction 126.
- the profile center line 214 this could also be defined by the fact that this extends from the vertex of the inflow side 148 to the center of the stern 218.
- FIG. 2 Another asymmetry caused by the fact that this has a profile curvature. So is in FIG. 2 the so-called skeleton line 220 drawn, which is obtained geometrically characterized in that the wing profile 210 inner circles 222 are inscribed. The totality of the centers of these inner circles 222 form the skeleton line 220.
- a profile curvature means that this skeleton line 220, which would lie on the profile center line 214 with a perfectly symmetrical airfoil profile 210, now deviates from this profile center line 214.
- the maximum deviation f of the skeleton line 220 from the profile centerline 214 is referred to as profile curvature.
- profile curvature This is often referred to the total length L (profile length) of the airfoil 210 and expressed in percent.
- the total length L as in FIG. 2 drawn, from the vertex of the inflow side 148 to the fictitious trailing edge 216 are measured, or it can (as in the above figures the preferred profile curvature) a reference to the length L 'taken, which measured between the point of arrival of the upstream side 148 and the stern 218 becomes.
- FIG. 2 The course of the streamlines 212 in FIG. 2 is shown in idealized form and is often not found in usual airfoil 210 in this way.
- a flow separation usually occurs at one or more separation points on the upper side and partly also on the underside of the airfoil profile 210.
- release points 224 and the detached boundary layers 226 are in FIG. 2 symbolically indicated, which is also indicated that when employed airfoil 210, the upper separation point 224 is located further upstream on the inflow than the lower separation point 224.
- the detachment points 224 can also be understood to mean regions (eg detachment lines) or zones with a finite extent.
- At least one detachment element 310 can be provided, which preferably has the position of the detachment point 224 on at least one side of the airfoil profile 210 stabilized on the top (that is on the side with increased flow velocity) and preferably fixed. In the FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 Various embodiments of such release elements 310 are shown.
- a buckling profile 312 is provided. How out FIG. 3 recognizable, this buckling profile 312 is disposed on the upper side of the airfoil 210 approximately in the middle between upstream side 148 and rear 218, or slightly behind this center.
- the airfoil profile 210 is designed such that it is curved in front of the buckling profile 312, that is, on the upstream side, and extends in the curved region 314 with a positive gradient. Behind the buckling profile 312, that is, downstream of the buckling profile 312, the airfoil profile 210 is flattened in a flattening region 316 and extends there with a negative slope substantially planar to the profile center line 214. Subsequently, a cut-off tail 218 is again provided.
- This embodiment of the airfoil profile 210 with the detachment element 310 has the effect that the upper detachment point 224 is essentially fixed in the detachment element 310.
- the separation point 224 will usually adjust at the corner to the vertical tail 218.
- the detached boundary layers are in FIG. 3 again indicated by the reference numeral 226 and symbolically indicated.
- the flow on both sides is uniformly accelerated up to the detachment points 224, resulting in a very stable, insensitive flow topology.
- the resulting detached boundary layers 226 are small in their extent, are stationary and thus do not disturb the reproducibility of the measurement or only slightly. If the airfoil profile 210 were symmetrical with adjacent, accelerated flow on both sides, would result in a much larger overall thickness of the plug part 116 and thus a larger material requirement and a larger pressure drop at the plug-in sensor 110th
- FIG. 4 is one too FIG. 3 alternative embodiment of an airfoil 210 with a release element 310 shown.
- a step profile 410 to which in turn, analogous to FIG. 3 , downstream of a flattening region 316 connects.
- the step profile 410 is configured in this case as a rectangular step, with a first step surface 412 perpendicular to the profile center line 214 and a second step surface 414 parallel to the profile centerline 214.
- the step height h is advantageously at least 0.5 mm, but other step heights are practicable. In particular, step heights h in the range between 1% and 20% of the total profile thickness of the airfoil 210 are preferred.
- the second step surface 414 typically has a length between 1.0 and 7.0 mm, with overall lengths between 1% and 20% of the tread depth being preferred.
- the flow can not follow the sharp bend at this stage and detaches from the surface of the airfoil 210.
- the detached boundary layers 226 thus almost always receive the same size and shape and remain stable, even if the flow conditions change.
- the stable flow topology reduces flow repercussions on the hot film air mass meter 112 signal and results in better reproducibility of the measurement signal.
- the first step surface 412 could be disposed at an angle other than 90 ° to the profile centerline 214 so that the step has a slight overhang inclined to the downstream side, with a sharp edge (acute angle) at the top.
- the fixation of the detachment point 224 can be further improved.
- FIG. 5 a further embodiment of an airfoil 210 is shown, which also has a release element 310.
- this release element 310 has no sharp edges with discontinuities in the slope (buckling), a steady course of the slope of the airfoil 210.
- the release element 310 according to FIG. 5 shows a hill profile 510 with an additional turning point 512.
- another steady Ausgetaltung is possible, for example, a configuration without turning point, only with a maximum.
- the profile according to FIG. 5 shows a maximum 514, that is, a point at which the pitch of the airfoil 210 performs a steady change from a positive slope to a negative slope (from the upstream to downstream sides).
- the separation elements 310 with a continuous course of the slope have the advantage over kinking that lower disturbances in the flow of the fluid medium are caused. As a result, the total pressure drop across the airfoil 210 is less.
- detachment elements 310 with a constant course of the slope, in particular at low flow velocities, have a lower risk of re-applying the detached flows.
- FIG. 5 a pressure profile 516 on the underside of the airfoil 210 and a pressure profile 518 plotted on the top of the airfoil 210, which was calculated with simulation calculations.
- the so-called pressure coefficient c p is plotted, that is the dimensionless ratio between the pressure and the back pressure, as a function of the position along the profile center line 214 (which not shown in these figures). It should be noted that the axis of the pressure coefficient c p is inverted here so that negative values are plotted upward.
- the pressure profile 516 on the underside of the airfoil 210 each have a uniform course, while the pressure profile 518 on the top of the airfoil 210 (low pressure side 230) each having an abnormality 520.
- This abnormality 520 is designed as a minimum 522 in the pressure. Accordingly, in this region of the abnormality 520, a maximum occurs in the flow velocity of the air.
- this abnormality 520 which is spatially fixed to the airfoil 210 by the described contour of the airfoil 210 with the detachment element 310, is well suited for fixing the detachment point 224 on the upper side of the airfoil 210, so that the flow separation defined and without major fluctuations in the operation takes place.
- FIG. 5 illustrated example of an airfoil 210 Another positive side effect of in FIG. 5 illustrated example of an airfoil 210 is that, as the pressure profile 516 shows on the bottom, a stronger acceleration of the flow on this underside of the airfoil 210 occurs. As a rule, all tendencies of the trend to replace this field are reliably prevented.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C and 7A to 7B For example, one embodiment of a plug-in sensor 110 in the form of a hot-film air mass meter 112 is shown, which simultaneously embodies both of the basic ideas of the invention described above.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C Schematic representations shown, whereas in the FIGS. 7A and 7B perspective view of the H possessfileinuftmassenmessers are shown.
- the construction of the hot film air mass meter 112 will therefore be described below in conjunction with these figures.
- the plug-in part 116 of the plug-type sensor 110 projecting into the fluid medium flowing with the main flow direction 126 has an airfoil 210 according to the example in FIG. 4 on, so that at about 50 to 60% of the profile length L '(measured from the inflow side 146) a release element 310 is arranged in the form of a stepped profile 410, at which a pressure jump (pressure minimum) occurs in the surrounding flowing fluid medium.
- a flattening region 316 adjoins, analogous to the embodiment in FIG. 4 ,
- a flattening region 316 adjoins, analogous to the embodiment in FIG. 4 .
- a flattening region 316 adjoins, analogous to the embodiment in FIG. 4 .
- a flattening region 316 adjoins, analogous to the embodiment in FIG. 4 .
- a flattening region 316 adjoins, analogous to the embodiment in FIG. 4 .
- arranged on the rounded upstream side 148 of the plug part flow grooves 610 which should produce
- FIGS. 6A and 7A In contrast to the prior art embodiment according to Figure 1B are in the embodiment according to the FIGS. 6A and 7A two outlet openings arranged on the low-pressure side 230 in these representations in the region of the detachment element 310: The main flow outlet 132 and the bypass outlet 138.
- For the function of these channels 130, 136 and the sensor chip 144 is also the description to FIG. 1B directed.
- the outlet openings 132, 138 are configured in this embodiment as approximately circular openings with diameters D 1 (bypass outlet 138) and D 2 (main flow outlet 132).
- the diameter D 2 of the main flow outlet 132 in this embodiment is about 10% of the profile length L
- the diameter D 1 of the bypass outlet 138 was chosen slightly larger, in this example at about 15% of the profile length L '.
- the representations in the FIGS. 6A and 7A are not to scale in this respect.
- FIG. 7B shows again the course of the flow channel 124 and its division into the main channel 130 and bypass channel 136, with open plug part 116, in the direction of the high pressure side 228 (ie in the opposite direction to the viewing direction in FIG. 6A and 7A ).
- a guide vane 612 is provided in the bypass channel 136, immediately behind the branch 134 from the main channel 130, which is adapted to the curved course of the bypass channel 136 in this area and which should cause a calming of the flow in the bypass channel 136.
- the bypass outlet 138 is arranged at a distance d 1 in front of the detachment element 310, at which the pressure minimum occurs, which corresponds to approximately half the opening width D 1 (in this case diameter) of the bypass outlet 138.
- the main flow outlet 132 with its center by a distance d 2 of the release element 310 spaced, in contrast to the bypass outlet 138, however, on the downstream side of the release element 310th Dies Arrangement of the bypass outlet 138 upstream of the detachment element 310, on the one hand, causes the bypass outlet 138 to still be close to the pressure minimum (compare reference number 522 in FIG FIG.
- bypass outlet is located upstream (opposite to the main flow direction 126) near the inlet port 128 to minimize the pulsation error.
- the spacing shown represents a good compromise between the two mentioned effects.
- the positioning of the main flow outlet 132 downstream of the separation element 310, but still near this flow separation element 310, on the one hand causes a good throughput (which is generally less important than the throughput through the bypass channel 136) and thereby an outlet of the main flow in an area with a detached boundary layer 226 (cf. FIG. 4 ). Therefore, this positioning causes the main flow exiting the main flow outlet 132 to disturb the outside flow around the plug part 116 as little as possible, so that the reproducibility of the measurement is optimized.
- FIG. 6B a sectional view (detail view) along the line AA through the bypass outlet 138 in FIG. 6A shows and FIG. 6C a sectional view (also detail view) along the section line BB through the main flow outlet 132 in FIG. 6A , It can be seen that flow guidance elements 614 are provided at both outlet openings 132, 138.
- the flow guide element 614 has a flattening 616 in the airfoil profile 210 which adjoins the bypass outlet 132 downstream and which runs approximately parallel to the main flow direction 126.
- This flattening 616 has a length l 1 , which is typically in the range between twice and four times the opening width D 1 of the bypass outlet 138.
- This flattening 616 causes the bypass outlet flow, which in FIG. 6B 618, fits into the outer flow without major interference, and that maximum throughput through the bypass passage 136 is achieved.
- a flow guidance element 614 has proven to be suitable which, in addition to a downstream flattening 616, comprises a deflection nose 620. While the flattening 616 (which is slightly rounded in the present embodiment) has a length l 3 , which in the same area as the length l 1 according to FIG. 6B lie can, the deflection nose 620, which projects into the main flow outlet 132, a length l 2 , which is typically between 0.1 times and 0.4 times the opening width D 2 of the main flow outlet 132. By way of example, this deflection nose 620 can be realized by simply masking the upstream edge of the main flow outlet 132 with an adhesive strip projecting into the main flow outlet 132.
- This deflection lug 620 causes the main exhaust flow to be redirected towards the contour of the airfoil 210 and thus causes less disturbance in the surrounding flow. It is in FIG. 6C the Heilauslhoustrom without Umlenknase 620 symbolically represented by the dashed arrow 622, whereas the Hauptauslhoustrom when using the Umlenknase 620 by the solid arrow 624 is shown.
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Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von Vorrichtungen zur Messung wenigstens eines Parameters eines strömenden fluiden Mediums, insbesondere eines durch ein Strömungsrohr strömenden fluiden Mediums, wie sie aus verschiedenen Bereichen der Technik bekannt sind. So müssen bei vielen Prozessen, beispielsweise auf dem Gebiet der Verfahrenstechnik, der Chemie oder des Maschinenbaus, definiert fluide Medien, insbesondere Gasmassen (z. B. eine Luftmasse) mit bestimmten Eigenschaften (beispielsweise Temperatur, Druck, Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, Massenstrom etc.) zugeführt werden. Hierzu zählen insbesondere Verbrennungsprozesse, welche unter geregelten Bedingungen ablaufen.The invention is based on devices for measuring at least one parameter of a flowing fluid medium, in particular a fluid medium flowing through a flow tube, as are known from various areas of the art. Thus, in many processes, for example in the field of process engineering, chemistry or mechanical engineering, defined fluid media, in particular gas masses (eg an air mass) with certain properties (for example temperature, pressure, flow velocity, mass flow etc.) must be supplied , These include, in particular, combustion processes which take place under controlled conditions.
Ein wichtiges Anwendungsbeispiel ist die Verbrennung von Kraftstoff in Verbrennungskraftmaschinen von Kraftfahrzeugen, insbesondere mit anschließender katalytischer Abgasreinigung, bei denen geregelt eine bestimmte Luftmasse pro Zeiteinheit (Luftmassenstrom) zugeführt werden muss. Zur Messung des Luftmassendurchsatzes werden dabei verschiedene Typen von Sensoren eingesetzt. Ein aus dem Stand der Technik bekannter Sensortyp ist der so genannte Heißfilmluftmassenmesser (HFM), welcher beispielsweise in
Eine beispielsweise aus
Zur Lösung dieser Verunreinigungsproblematik, insbesondere um zu verhindern, dass Wasser oder Öl auf den Sensorchip gelangen, sind aus dem Stand der Technik verschiedene Ansätze bekannt. Ein Ansatz, welcher beispielsweise in
Nachteilig an den aus dem Stand der Technik beschriebenen Steckfühlerkonstruktionen ist jedoch, dass die beschriebenen Steckfühler mit ihrer aerodynamisch ungünstigen Gestalt in vielen Fällen im Ansaugtrakt Probleme bezüglich eines Strömungswiderstand-bedingten Druckabfalls verursachen. Hinzu kommt, dass die Signalreproduzierbarkeit der Signale derartiger Sensoren vergleichsweise gering ist.
Eine weitere Problematik besteht darin, dass die aus
Aus der
Aus der
Es wird daher ein Steckfühler zur Bestimmung wenigstens eines Parameters eines mit einer Hauptströmungsrichtung strömenden fluiden Mediums vorgeschlagen. welcher die oben skizzierten Nachteile der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Steckfühler vermeidet. Insbesondere kann es sich bei dem Steckfühler um einen der oben beschriebenen Heißfilmluftmassenmesser handeln, welche zur Messung einer durch ein Strömungsrohr strömenden Ansaugluftmasse einer Brennkraftmaschine geeignet sind. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kommen jedoch auch andere Arten von Messprinzipien und Steckfühlern zum Einsatz.
Ein Grundgedanke der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, mindestens eine Auslassöffnung des mindestens einen Steckfühlers in ihrer Anordnung und Ausgestaltung strömungstechnisch zu optimieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurden verschiedene Simulationsrechnungen durchgeführt, welche das Strömungsverhalten im Bereich der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung beurteilen, wobei verschiedene Gestaltungen und Anordnungen dieser mindestens einen Auslassöffnung untersucht wurden.
Dementsprechend wird ein Steckfühler vorgeschlagen, welcher ein in das strömende fluide Medium in vorgegebener Ausrichtung zur Hauptströmungsrichtung einbringbares Steckerteil aufweist. In dem Steckerteil ist mindestens ein Strömungskanal mit mindestens einer Einlassöffnung und mindestens einer Auslassöffnung vorgesehen, wobei in der mindestens einen Strömungskanal weiterhin mindestens ein Sensor (beispielsweise einer der oben beschriebenen Heißfilmluftmassenmesser/Sensorchips) zur Bestimmung des mindestens einen Parameters aufgenommen ist. Das Steckerteil weist ein Profil (Querschnittsprofil) auf, an welchem sich im strömenden fluiden Medium zumindest ein mindestens lokales Druckminimum einstellt. Die mindestens eine Auslassöffnung (das heißt mindestens eine der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung) ist auf der Seite des Steckerteils im Bereich dieses mindestens einen Druckminimums angeordnet.
Für die Ausgestaltung des Profils des Steckerteils kann beispielsweise auf bekannte Techniken aus der Flugzeugkonstruktion zurückgegriffen werden. Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Tragflächenprofil eingesetzt, welches derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sich bei in das strömende fluide Medium eingebrachtem Steckerteil ein asymmetrisches Strömungsprofil des fluiden Mediums mit einer Hochdruckseite und einer Niederdruckseite einstellt. Derartige Tragflächenprofile sind dem Fachmann aus dem Flugzeugbau bekannt. Derartige Tragflächenprofile sind derart ausgestaltet, dass diese eine Kraft von der Hochdruckseite hin zur Niederdruckseite (Auftriebskraft) bewirken, wobei im Bereich der Niederdruckseite ein Druckminimum auftritt. Die mindestens eine Auslassöffnung ist auf der Niederdruckseite im Bereich des mindestens einen Druckminimums angeordnet.
Zur Erreichung des asymmetrischen Strömungsprofils lassen sich beispielsweise Tragflächenprofile verwenden, welche unter einem Anstellwinkel α zur Hauptströmungsrichtung des strömenden Mediums in das strömende fluide Medium eingebracht werden. Insbesondere haben sich Anstellwinkel zwischen 0° und 7°, vorzugsweise zwischen 2° und 5° und besonders bevorzugt bei 4° bewährt, wobei der optimale Anstellwinkel von der exakten Ausgestaltung des Tragflächenprofils abhängt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können auch Tragflächenprofile mit einer Profilwölbung verwendet werden, wobei sich Profilwölbungen zwischen 0 % und 10 %, vorzugsweise zwischen 2 % und 7 %, und besonders bevorzugt bei 5 % bewährt haben.Therefore, a plug-in sensor for determining at least one parameter of a fluid medium flowing with a main flow direction is proposed. which avoids the disadvantages outlined above of the plug-in sensors known from the prior art. In particular, the plug-in sensor may be one of the above-described hot-film air mass meters, which measure a flow through a flow tube Intake air mass of an internal combustion engine are suitable. Alternatively or additionally, however, other types of measuring principles and plug-in sensors are also used.
A basic idea of the present invention consists in optimizing fluidically at least one outlet opening of the at least one plug-in sensor in terms of its arrangement and design. For this purpose, various simulation calculations were carried out, which assess the flow behavior in the region of the at least one outlet opening, wherein various designs and arrangements of these at least one outlet opening were investigated.
Accordingly, a plug-in sensor is proposed which has an insertable into the flowing fluid medium in a predetermined orientation to the main flow direction plug part. At least one flow channel with at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening is provided in the plug part, wherein at least one sensor (for example one of the hot-film air mass sensors / sensor chips described above) is included in the at least one flow channel for determining the at least one parameter. The plug part has a profile (cross-sectional profile) on which at least one at least local pressure minimum is established in the flowing fluid medium. The at least one outlet opening (that is, at least one of the at least one outlet opening) is arranged on the side of the plug part in the region of this at least one pressure minimum.
For the configuration of the profile of the plug part can be used, for example, known techniques from the aircraft design. According to the invention, an airfoil profile is used, which is designed such that an asymmetric flow profile of the fluid medium with a high-pressure side and a low-pressure side adjusts when the plug part is inserted into the flowing fluid medium. Such wing profiles are known to those skilled in the aircraft. Such airfoils are designed such that they cause a force from the high pressure side to the low pressure side (buoyancy), wherein in the region of the low pressure side, a pressure minimum occurs. The at least one outlet opening is arranged on the low-pressure side in the region of the at least one pressure minimum.
To achieve the asymmetric flow profile, for example, it is possible to use airfoil profiles which are introduced into the flowing fluid medium at an angle of incidence α to the main flow direction of the flowing medium. In particular, angles of attack between 0 ° and 7 °, preferably between 2 ° and 5 ° and more preferably at 4 ° have proven successful, the optimum angle of attack of the exact Design of the wing profile depends. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to use airfoil profiles with a profile curvature, wherein profile curvatures between 0% and 10%, preferably between 2% and 7%, and particularly preferably at 5%, have proved successful.
Der erfindungsgemäße Gedanke, die mindestens eine Auslassöffnung im Bereich des mindestens einen Druckminimums anzuordnen, bewirkt einen besonders hohen Durchsatz durch den mindestens einen Strömungskanal, da die Saugwirkung bei Anordnung der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung im Bereich des mindestens einen Druckminimums besonders groß ist. Insbesondere hat es sich dabei bewährt, das Zentrum der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung (zum Beispiel den Flächenmittelpunkt, Kreismittelpunkt oder ähnliches) um nicht mehr als zwei Öffnungsweiten der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung, vorzugsweise um nicht mehr als eine Öffnungsweite, von dem Punkt des mindestens einen Druckminimums entfernt anzuordnen. Die Öffnungsweite (D) ist dabei beispielsweise bei einer kreisförmigen Auslassöffnung der Durchmesser. Bei anderen Ausgestaltungen der Auslassöffnung (beispielsweise quadratischen Auslassöffnungen, vieleckigen Auslassöffnungen etc.) lassen sich auf ähnliche Weise Öffnungsweiten definieren, beispielsweise in Form von Kantenlängen oder ähnlichem.The idea according to the invention of arranging the at least one outlet opening in the region of the at least one pressure minimum causes a particularly high throughput through the at least one flow channel, since the suction effect is particularly great when the at least one outlet opening is arranged in the region of the at least one pressure minimum. In particular, it has proven useful to remove the center of the at least one outlet opening (for example the area center, circle center or the like) by not more than two opening widths of the at least one outlet opening, preferably by not more than one opening width, from the point of the at least one pressure minimum to arrange. The opening width (D) is for example at a circular outlet opening the diameter. In other embodiments of the outlet opening (for example, square outlet openings, polygonal outlet openings, etc.) opening widths can be defined in a similar manner, for example in the form of edge lengths or the like.
Insbesondere kann, wie auch im oben beschriebenen Stand der Technik, der mindestens eine Strömungskanal mindestens einen Hauptkanal und mindestens einen Bypasskanal aufweisen, beispielsweise um den Sensor im vor Partikeln und ähnlichen Verschmutzungen geschützten Bypasskanal anzuordnen. So kann die mindestens eine Auslassöffnung mindestens einen Hauptstromauslass des mindestens einen Hauptkanals und/oder mindestens einen Bypassauslass des mindestens einen Bypasskanals umfassen. Dabei hat sich eine Anordnung der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung seitlich auf dem mindestens einen Tragflächenprofil bewährt, welche eine oder beide der folgenden Anordnungen verwirklicht. So kann insbesondere das Zentrum des mindestens einen Bypassauslasses auf oder vor dem mindestens einen Druckminimum angeordnet sein. Insbesondere hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das Zentrum des mindestens einen Bypassauslasses in einem Abstand zwischen -0,5 D1 und 2,0 D1, vorzugsweise zwischen 0 D1 und 1,0 D1 und besonders bevorzugt bei 0,5 D1 stromaufwärts (das heißt entgegen der Hauptströmungsrichtung) des mindestens einen Druckminimums angeordnet ist. Dabei bezeichnet D1 die Öffnungsweite des mindestens einen Bypassauslasses, gemäß der obigen Definition des Begriffs "Öffnungsweite". Auf diese Weise kann das Druckminimum und die damit verbundene Saugwirkung optimal ausgenutzt werden, um den Durchsatz durch den mindestens einen Bypasskanal zu erhöhen, welcher maßgeblich ist für die Signalcharakteristik (beispielsweise den Signalhub und/oder das Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhältnis).In particular, as in the prior art described above, the at least one flow channel can have at least one main channel and at least one bypass channel, for example to arrange the sensor in the bypass channel protected from particles and similar contaminants. Thus, the at least one outlet opening may comprise at least one main flow outlet of the at least one main channel and / or at least one bypass outlet of the at least one bypass channel. In this case, an arrangement of the at least one outlet opening has proved to be laterally on the at least one airfoil profile, which realizes one or both of the following arrangements. Thus, in particular, the center of the at least one bypass outlet can be arranged on or in front of the at least one pressure minimum. In particular, it has proved to be advantageous if the center of the at least one bypass outlet is at a distance between -0.5 D 1 and 2.0 D 1 , preferably between 0 D 1 and 1.0 D 1 and particularly preferably at 0.5 D 1 upstream (that is opposite to the main flow direction) of the at least one pressure minimum is arranged. D 1 denotes the opening width of the at least one bypass outlet, according to the above definition of the term "opening width". In this way, the pressure minimum and the associated suction effect can be optimally utilized to increase the throughput through the at least one bypass channel, which is decisive for the signal characteristic (for example, the signal swing and / or the signal-to-noise ratio).
Als zweite, alternativ oder zusätzlich einsetzbare Ausgestaltung, kann auch das Zentrum des mindestens einen Hauptstromauslasses in seiner Lage optimal gewählt werden. So kann der mindestens eine Hauptstromauslass auf- oder stromabwärts des mindestens einen Druckminimums gewählt werden. Insbesondere hat es sich dabei bewährt, wenn das Zentrum des mindestens einen Hauptstromauslasses zwischen 0 D2 und 2,0 D2, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 D2 und 1,5 D2 und besonders bevorzugt bei 1,0 D2 stromabwärts des mindestens einen Druckminimums angeordnet ist. Dabei bezeichnet D2 die Öffnungsweite des mindestens einen Hauptstromauslasses gemäß der obigen Definition. Die Durchmesser D, D1 und D2 liegen vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 10% und 20% der Profillänge L'.As a second, alternatively or additionally usable embodiment, also the center of the at least one main current outlet can be optimally selected in its position. Thus, the at least one main flow outlet can be selected upstream or downstream of the at least one pressure minimum. In particular, it has proven to be useful if the center of the at least one main flow outlet between 0 D 2 and 2.0 D 2 , preferably between 0.5 D 2 and 1.5 D 2 and particularly preferably at 1.0 D 2 downstream of the at least a pressure minimum is arranged. D 2 denotes the opening width of the at least one main flow outlet according to the above definition. The diameters D, D 1 and D 2 are preferably in the range between 10% and 20% of the profile length L '.
Diese besondere Anordnung des mindestens einen Hauptstromauslasses kann beispielsweise auch beinhalten, dass der mindestens eine Hauptstromauslass in einem Ablösebereich der Strömung des fluiden Mediums, das heißt stromabwärts von einem oder mehreren Ablösepunkten der Strömung von Tragflächenprofil, angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise kann erreicht werden, dass der Hauptstrom, welcher durch den Hauptkanal strömt an seinem Ausstrom aus dem Hauptstromauslass das Strömungsverhalten um den Steckfühler herum möglichst wenig beeinflusst.This particular arrangement of the at least one main flow outlet may also include, for example, the at least one main flow outlet disposed in a flow fluid fluid separation region, that is, downstream of one or more airfoil flow separation points. In this way can be achieved be that the main flow, which flows through the main channel at its outflow from the main flow outlet, the flow behavior around the plug-in sensor as little as possible affected.
Zur Erzeugung des Druckminimums und/oder zur Erzeugung von räumlich fixierten Ablösepunkten kann das Steckerteil weiterhin auf mindestens einer Seite, vorzugsweise nur auf der Niederdruckseite, mindestens ein Ablöseelement aufweisen, welches ausgestaltet ist, um bei in das strömende fluide Medium eingebrachtem Steckerteil das zumindest lokale Druckminimum im strömenden fluiden Medium zu bewirken. Das mindestens eine Ablöseelement kann vorzugsweise einen Knick in der Kontur des Steckerteils oder eine Stufe aufweisen. Auch ein kontinuierlicher Profilverlauf ist möglich, beispielsweise ein Maximum in der Kontur des Steckerteils und/oder ein Wendepunkt in der Kontur. Ausführungsbeispiele derartiger Ablöseelemente werden untenstehend näher beschrieben.For generating the pressure minimum and / or for generating spatially fixed detachment points, the plug part may further comprise at least one side, preferably only on the low pressure side, at least one release element, which is designed to at at least local pressure minimum when inserted into the flowing fluid medium plug part to effect in the flowing fluid medium. The at least one detachment element may preferably have a kink in the contour of the plug part or a step. A continuous profile course is also possible, for example a maximum in the contour of the plug part and / or a turning point in the contour. Embodiments of such detachment elements will be described in more detail below.
Der Steckfühler mit den oben beschriebenen, einzeln oder in Kombination verwirklichten Merkmalen, weist zum einen gute Abweicheigenschaften gegenüber Wasser, Staub und ähnlichen Verunreinigungen auf. Dies ist insbesondere bei Verwendung des mindestens einen Bypasskanals, welcher vom mindestens einen Hauptkanal abzweigt, der Fall. Weiterhin kann der beschriebene Steckfühler kompakt ausgestaltet werden, um auch bei engem Bauraum eingesetzt zu werden. Die Gesamtlänge des Steckfühlers kann insgesamt vergleichsweise kurz ausgestaltet sein.The plug-in sensor with the features described above, implemented individually or in combination, on the one hand has good anti-wetting properties against water, dust and similar impurities. This is the case in particular when using the at least one bypass channel which branches off from the at least one main channel. Furthermore, the plug-in sensor described can be made compact in order to be used even in confined space. The total length of the plug-in sensor can be made comparatively short overall.
Durch die Positionierung der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung im Bereich des mindestens einen Druckminimums wird der Luftmassendurchsatz, insbesondere durch den Bypasskanal (der Luftmassendurchsatz durch den Hauptkanal ist weniger relevant für die Signaleigenschaften) erheblich gefördert. Durch die Positionierung des Hauptstromauslasses seitlich in einem Gebiet mit abgelöster Strömung wird die Störung der Außenströmung minimiert, wodurch die Signalreproduzierbarkeit des Steckfühlers erheblich verbessert wird. Allgemein bezeichnet man das dynamische Verhalten des Steckfühlers als Pulsationsverhalten. Bei pulsierender Luftströmung pulsiert die Luft im Bypasskanal mit, und der Bypasskanal fungiert als Ausgleich von Nichtlinearitäten der Kennlinie des Steckfühlers und der thermischen Trägheiten. Wird der mindestens eine Bypassauslass an der Seite des Steckfühlers, vorzugsweise weit stromaufwärts und in der Nähe der Einlassöffnung, positioniert, so lassen sich dadurch Pulsationsfehler vermindern, da Druckwellen im fluiden Medium dann Einlass- und Auslassöffnung annähernd gleichzeitig erreichen und somit nur zu vergleichsweise geringen Luftbewegungen im Bypasskanal führen. Der erfindungsgemäße Steckfühler weist somit den Vorteil eines guten Pulsationsverhaltens auf, so dass sich bei pulsierendem fluiden Medium (z.B. Luft) nur eine geringe Abweichung zwischen dem Mittelwert bei stationärem Betrieb und dem Mittelwert bei Pulsation (d.h. ein geringer Pulsationsfehler) ergibt.By positioning the at least one outlet opening in the region of the at least one pressure minimum, the air mass flow rate, in particular through the bypass channel (the mass flow rate through the main channel is less relevant for the signal properties) is significantly promoted. Positioning the main flow outlet laterally in a trapped flow area minimizes the disturbance of the outside flow, thereby greatly improving the signal reproducibility of the plug-in sensor. In general, the dynamic behavior of the plug-in sensor is referred to as pulsation behavior. With pulsating air flow, the air in the bypass channel pulsates, and the bypass channel acts as a compensation for nonlinearities of the characteristics of the plug-in sensor and the thermal inertia. If the at least one bypass outlet is positioned on the side of the plug-in sensor, preferably far upstream and in the vicinity of the inlet opening, pulsation errors can thereby be reduced since pressure waves in the fluid medium then reach the inlet and outlet openings approximately simultaneously and thus only to comparatively small air movements lead in the bypass channel. The plug-in sensor according to the invention thus has the advantage of a good pulsation behavior, so that when pulsating fluid Medium (eg air) gives only a small deviation between the mean value for steady-state operation and the mean value for pulsation (ie a low pulsation error).
Auch bei optimaler Positionierung der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung hat es sich jedoch gezeigt, dass noch eine erhebliche Störung der Umströmung des Steckerteils durch ausströmendes fluides Medium aus der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung stattfinden kann. Dies wirkt sich nachteilig auf den Druckabfall am Steckfühler und auf die Signaleigenschaften aus. Dementsprechend lässt sich der oben beschriebene Steckfühler in einer der beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen weiter dahingehend optimieren, dass die mindestens eine Auslassöffnung in ihrer Ausgestaltung optimiert wird. Diese Optimierung, in Kombination mit der Optimierung der Positionierung der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung, führt zu einer erheblichen Verbesserung der Signalcharakteristik und/oder einer Verminderung des Druckabfalls am Steckfühler.Even with optimum positioning of the at least one outlet opening, however, it has been found that a significant disturbance of the flow around the plug part can take place due to outflowing fluid medium from the at least one outlet opening. This has a detrimental effect on the pressure drop at the plug-in sensor and on the signal properties. Accordingly, the above-described plug-in sensor in one of the embodiments described can be further optimized in such a way that the at least one outlet opening is optimized in its design. This optimization, in combination with the optimization of the positioning of the at least one outlet opening, leads to a considerable improvement in the signal characteristic and / or a reduction in the pressure drop at the plug-in sensor.
So hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die mindestens eine Auslassöffnung mindestens ein Strömungsführungselement aufweist. Dieses mindestens eine Strömungsführungselement sollte derart ausgestaltet sein, dass dieses das aus der mindestens Auslassöffnung ausströmende fluide Medium in seiner Ausströmungsrichtung an die Hauptströmungsrichtung annähert, das ausströmende fluide Medium in Richtung der Hauptströmungsrichtung umlenkt, und/oder das ausströmende fluide Medium entlang der Kontur des Steckerteils (beispielsweise entlang der Kontur des Tragflächenprofils) umlenkt. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu üblichen Ausgestaltungen von Auslassöffnungen, welche eine Ausströmungsrichtung im Wesentlichen senkrecht zum jeweiligen Ort auf dem Profil des Steckerteils bewirken. Im Gegensatz dazu bewirkt das mindestens eine Strömungsführungselement, das sich das ausströmende fluide Medium optimal in den Umgebungsstrom um das Steckerteil herum einfügt, wodurch dieser Strom möglichst wenig gestört wird.Thus, it has proved to be advantageous if the at least one outlet opening has at least one flow guide element. This at least one flow guide element should be configured such that it approximates the fluid medium flowing out of the at least outlet opening in its outflow direction to the main flow direction, deflects the outflowing fluid medium in the direction of the main flow direction, and / or the outflowing fluid medium along the contour of the plug part ( for example, along the contour of the airfoil profile) deflects. This is in contrast to conventional embodiments of outlet openings, which cause an outflow direction substantially perpendicular to the respective location on the profile of the plug part. In contrast, the at least one flow-guiding element which optimally inserts the outflowing fluid medium into the ambient flow around the plug-in part, as a result of which this current is disturbed as little as possible.
Insbesondere kann die mindestens eine Auslassöffnung quer zur Hauptströmungsrichtung (das heißt insbesondere senkrecht zur Hauptströmungsrichtung und/oder senkrecht mit ihrer flächennormalen zum jeweiligen Ort auf dem Profil des Steckerteils) angeordnet sein. Das mindestens eine Strömungsführungselement kann dann beispielsweise eine bezüglich der Hauptströmungsrichtung an der stromaufwärtigen Kante der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung angeordnete Umlenknase umfassen, welche im Wesentlichen in Hauptströmungsrichtung weist. Diese mindestens eine Umlenknase bewirkt anschaulich gesprochen, dass die Umgebungsströmung möglichst ohne zusätzliche Verwirbelungen oder Strömungsstörungen an der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung vorbeigeführt wird. Gleichzeitig kann die mindestens eine Umlenknase, wie oben beschrieben, eine Umlenkung des ausströmenden fluiden Mediums bewirken.In particular, the at least one outlet opening can be arranged transversely to the main flow direction (that is, in particular perpendicular to the main flow direction and / or perpendicular to its surface normal to the respective location on the profile of the plug part). The at least one flow guide element may then comprise, for example, a deflection nose which is arranged with respect to the main flow direction at the upstream edge of the at least one outlet opening and points essentially in the main flow direction. Illustratively speaking, this at least one deflection nose causes the ambient flow to be conducted past the at least one outlet opening as far as possible without additional turbulences or flow disturbances. At the same time, the at least one deflection nose, as described above, cause a deflection of the outflowing fluid medium.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das mindestens eine Strömungsführungselement auch, in diesem Fall vorzugsweise an der stromabwärtigen Kante der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung, eine Abrundung und/oder Abflachung aufweisen. Im Gegensatz zu einer, wie im Stand der Technik üblichen, scharfen stromabwärtigen Kante an der mindestens einen Auslassöffhung bewirkt die Abrundung und/oder Abflachung eine sanfte Umlenkung des ausströmenden fluiden Mediums in Hauptströmungsrichtung, was eine Störung zusätzlich vermindert.Alternatively or additionally, the at least one flow guide element may also have a rounding and / or flattening, in this case preferably at the downstream edge of the at least one outlet opening. In contrast to a, as in the prior art customary, sharp downstream edge at the at least one outlet opening causes the rounding and / or flattening a gentle deflection of the outflowing fluid in the main flow direction, which further reduces interference.
Simulationsrechnungen haben dabei gezeigt, dass die Länge der Umlenknase (das heißt die maximale Länge der Umlenknase in Richtung der Hauptströmungsrichtung) einen optimalen Bereich aufweist. Dieser optimale Bereich liegt bei einer Länge zwischen 0,05 D und 0,5 D, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 D und 0,4 D, wobei D die Öffnungsweite (siehe oben) der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung ist. Dabei hat es sich gezeigt, dass es sich günstig auswirken kann, wenn Hauptstromauslass und Bypassauslass unterschiedlich ausgestaltet sind, wobei bevorzugt ist, dass insbesondere der Hauptstromauslass eine derartige Umlenknase aufweist.Simulation calculations have shown that the length of the deflection nose (that is to say the maximum length of the deflection nose in the direction of the main flow direction) has an optimum range. This optimum range is a length between 0.05 D and 0.5 D, preferably between 0.1 D and 0.4 D, where D is the opening width (see above) of the at least one outlet opening. It has been found that it can have a favorable effect if the main flow outlet and the bypass outlet are designed differently, wherein it is preferred that in particular the main flow outlet has such a deflection nose.
Auch die oben beschriebene mindestens eine Abrundung und/oder Abflachung kann in ihrer Länge (wobei es sich beispielsweise um eine gerade Länge und/oder eine Bogenlänge handeln kann) in Hauptströmungsrichtung optimiert werden. So hat sich eine Länge zwischen 1,0 D und 5,0 D, vorzugsweise zwischen 2,0 D und 4,0 D, als optimal erwiesen. Wiederum wird mit D die Öffnungsweite der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung bezeichnet.The at least one rounding and / or flattening described above can also be optimized in terms of its length (which may be, for example, a straight length and / or an arc length) in the main flow direction. Thus, a length between 1.0 D and 5.0 D, preferably between 2.0 D and 4.0 D, has proven to be optimal. Again, D denotes the opening width of the at least one outlet opening.
Diese Ausgestaltung der mindestens einen Auslassöffnung in einer der beschriebenen Varianten bietet den zusätzlichen Vorteil einer Maximierung des Durchsatzes an strömendem fluiden Medium, insbesondere durch den Bypasskanal. Die Außenströmung des fluiden Mediums um das Steckerteil herum wird nur minimal gestört. Insbesondere durch eine geeignete Ausgestaltung des mindestens einen Hauptstromauslasses lässt sich auch die Größe der Ablösegebiete am Steckerteil vermindern, wodurch sich stabilere Strömungsverhältnisse um den Steckfühler herum einstellen. Insgesamt wird das Signalrauschen des Messsignals des Steckfühlers erheblich verbessert, und die Reproduzierbarkeit des Messsignals wird erhöht.This embodiment of the at least one outlet opening in one of the variants described offers the additional advantage of maximizing the throughput of flowing fluid medium, in particular through the bypass channel. The outer flow of the fluid medium around the plug part is disturbed only minimally. In particular, by a suitable embodiment of the at least one main current outlet, the size of the detachment regions on the plug part can also be reduced, whereby more stable flow conditions are established around the plug-in sensor. Overall, the signal noise of the measurement signal of the plug-in sensor is significantly improved, and the reproducibility of the measurement signal is increased.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description.
Es zeigen
- Figur 1A
- in einem im Ansaugtrakt einer Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzten Heißfilmluftmassenmesser;
- Figur 1B
- einen geöffneten Heißfilmluftmassenmesser in Draufsicht;
- Figur 2
- eine Prinzipdarstellung eines Tragflächenprofils;
- Figur 3
- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Tragflächenprofils eines erfindungsgemäßen Steckfühlers mit einer Abschrägung;
- Figur 4
- eine zweites erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Steckfühlers mit einer Abschrägung und einer Stufe;
- Figur 5
- ein Druckprofil über einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Steckfühlers;
- Figur 6A
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Positionierung zweier Auslassöffnungen auf der Seite eines Steckfühlers;
- Figur 6B
- eine Ausgestaltung eines Bypassauslasses auf der Seite eines erfindungsgemäßen Steckfühlers;
- Figur 6C
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Ausgestaltung eines Hauptstromauslasses eines erfindungsgemäßen Steckfühlers;
- Figur 7A
- eine perspektivische Darstellung des Steckfühler gemäß
Figur 6A mit skizziertem Verlauf von Hauptkanal und Bypasskanal; und - Figur 7B
- eine Darstellung des Steckfühlers gemäß
Figur 7A mit geöffnetem Gehäuse.
- Figure 1A
- in a Heißfileinuftmassenmesser used in the intake of an internal combustion engine;
- FIG. 1B
- an open Heißfileinuftmassenmesser in plan view;
- FIG. 2
- a schematic diagram of a wing profile;
- FIG. 3
- a first embodiment of an airfoil of a plug-in sensor according to the invention with a bevel;
- FIG. 4
- a second inventive embodiment of a plug-in sensor with a bevel and a step;
- FIG. 5
- a pressure profile over a third embodiment of a plug-in sensor according to the invention;
- FIG. 6A
- an embodiment of the positioning of two outlet openings on the side of a plug-in sensor;
- FIG. 6B
- an embodiment of a bypass outlet on the side of a plug-in sensor according to the invention;
- FIG. 6C
- an embodiment of the embodiment of a main flow outlet of a plug-in sensor according to the invention;
- FIG. 7A
- a perspective view of the plug-in sensor according to
FIG. 6A with sketched course of main channel and bypass channel; and - FIG. 7B
- an illustration of the plug-in sensor according to
FIG. 7A with the housing open.
In
Vom Hauptkanal 130 zweigt an einer Abzweigung 134 ein Bypasskanl 136 ab, welcher sich im Wesentlichen mit gekrümmtem Verlauf um den Hauptstromauslass 132 herum bis zu einem an der Unterseite des Steckerteils 116 gelegenen Bypassauslass 138 erstreckt. In einem geraden Abschnitt 140 ragt aus dem Elektronikbereich 122 ein Chipträger 142 mit einem darin eingelassenen Sensorchip 144 in den Bypasskanal 136. Der Chipträger 142 ist üblicherweise an einer im Elektronikbereich 122 aufgenommenen, in
Um Verunreinigungen wie beispielsweise flüssige Verunreinigungen (zum Beispiel Wasser, Öl) oder feste Verunreinigungen von dem Sensorchip 144 fernzuhalten, ist an der Abzweigung 134 des Bypasskanals 136 eine scharfkantige Nase 146 vorgesehen. An dieser Nase wird der Hauptstrom vom durch den Bypasskanal 136 strömenden Teil der Luft getrennt, derart, dass Wassertröpfchen und andere Verunreinigungen geradeaus weiter durch den Hauptkanal 130 strömen und im Wesentlichen nicht zum Sensorchip 144 gelangen können.In order to keep contaminants such as liquid contaminants (for example water, oil) or solid impurities from the
Eine Problematik des dem Stand der Technik entsprechenden Heißfilmluftmassenmessers 112 besteht in der Ausgestaltung des Steckerteils 116 mit im Wesentlichen rechteckigem Querschnitt in einer Schnittebene senkrecht zur Zeichenebene in
Das Tragflächenprofil 210 weist erfindungsgemäß eine abgerundete Anströmseite 148 auf, welche im Wesentlichen der Hauptströmungsrichtung 126 entgegengesetzt orientiert ist, wenn das Steckerteil 116 im Ansaugtrakt 114 der Brennkraftmaschine montiert ist. Die Anströmseite 148 wird dabei bei Tragflächen häufig auch als Staupunkt bezeichnet.According to the invention, the
Die Strömung der Luft um das Tragflächenprofil 210 herum ist in
Eine Besonderheit des Tragflächenprofils 210 gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel in
Neben der oben aufgeführten Asymmetrie der Strömung durch den Anstellwinkel α relativ zur Hauptströmungsrichtung 126 wird in dem Ausführungsbeispiel des Tragflächenprofils 210 gemäß
Der Verlauf der Stromlinien 212 in
Eine Problematik, auf welche oben bereits eingegangen wurde, besteht darin, dass diese Ablösepunkte 224, an welchem sich abgelöste Grenzschichten 226 bilden, in vielen Fällen instabil sind und sogar oszillieren können. Die Lage der abgelösten Grenzschichten 226 relativ zu der Lage des Hauptstromauslasses 132 und des Bypassauslasses 138 wirkt sich jedoch empfindlich auf das Strömungsverhalten im Strömungskanal 124 und somit auf die Signaleigenschaften des Heißfilmluftmassenmessers 112 aus. Gemäß einer weiteren Idee der Erfindung lässt sich daher mindestens ein Ablöseelement 310 vorsehen, welches die Lage des Ablösepunkts 224 auf mindestens einer Seite des Tragflächenprofils 210, vorzugsweise auf der Oberseite (das heißt auf der Seite mit erhöhter Strömungsgeschwindigkeit) stabilisiert und vorzugsweise fixiert. In den
Bei dem in
Diese Ausgestaltung des Tragflächenprofils 210 mit dem Ablöseelement 310 bewirkt, dass der obere Ablösepunkt 224 im Wesentlichen im Ablöseelement 310 fixiert wird. Auf der Unterseite des Tragflächenprofils 210 wird sich der Ablösepunkt 224 üblicherweise an der Ecke zum senkrechten Heck 218 einstellen. Die abgelösten Grenzschichten sind in
In
Auch andere Ausgestaltungen des Stufenprofils 410 sind denkbar. So könnte beispielsweise die erste Stufenfläche 412 unter einem von 90° abweichenden Winkel zur Profilmittellinie 214 angeordnet sein, so dass die Stufe einen leichten, zur Abströmseite geneigten Überhang aufweist, mit einer scharfen Kante (spitzer Winkel) an der Oberseite. Hierdurch kann die Fixierung des Ablösepunkts 224 weiter verbessert werden.Other embodiments of the stepped profile 410 are conceivable. For example, the
In
Die Ablöseelemente 310 mit stetigem Verlauf der Steigung weisen gegenüber Knicken den Vorteil auf, dass geringere Störungen in der Strömung des fluiden Mediums verursacht werden. Dadurch ist der gesamte Druckabfall an dem Tragflächenprofil 210 geringer. Außerdem weisen Ablöseelemente 310 mit stetigem Verlauf der Steigung insbesondere bei kleinen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten eine geringere Gefahr eines Wiederanlegens der abgelösten Strömungen auf.The
Über dem Tragflächenprofil 210 ist in
Wie sich aus den Auftragungen des Druckbeiwerts erkennen lässt, weist das Druckprofil 516 auf der Unterseite des Tragflächenprofils 210 (Hochdruckseite 228) jeweils einen gleichförmigen Verlauf auf, während das Druckprofil 518 auf der Oberseite des Tragflächenprofils 210 (Niederdruckseite 230) jeweils eine Abnormalität 520 aufweist. Diese Abnormalität 520 ist als Minimum 522 im Druck ausgestaltet. Entsprechend tritt in diesem Bereich der Abnormalität 520 ein Maximum in der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Luft auf. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass diese Abnormalität 520, welche durch die beschriebene Kontur des Tragflächenprofils 210 mit dem Ablöseelement 310 räumlich am Tragflächenprofil 210 festgelegt ist, gut geeignet ist, um den Ablösepunkt 224 auf der Oberseite des Tragflächenprofils 210 zu fixieren, so dass die Strömungsablösung definiert und ohne größere Schwankungen im Betrieb erfolgt.As can be seen from the plots of the pressure coefficient, the
Ein weiterer positiver Nebeneffekt des in
Es sei noch darauf hingewiesen, dass der im folgenden ausgeführte erfindungsgemäße Gedanke der Positionierung der Auslassöffnungen 132, 138 nicht notwendigerweise an die Verwendung eines Ablöseelements 310 gebunden ist. So können auch Tragflächenprofile 210 eingesetzt werden, welche keine derartigen Ablöseelemente 310 einsetzen, welche jedoch ebenfalls ein Minimum 522 im Druckverlauf aufweisen. Derartige Tragflächenprofile 210 lassen sich durch Simulationsrechnungen leicht erstellen und berechnen.It should be noted that the inventive concept of positioning the
In den
Das in das mit der Hauptströmungsrichtung 126 strömende fluide Medium hineinragende Steckerteil 116 des Steckfühlers 110 weist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein Tragflächenprofil 210 gemäß dem Beispiel in
Im Gegensatz zum dem Stand der Technik entsprechenden Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1B sind in dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den
Wie insbesondere in der Darstellung gemäß
In der Darstellung gemäß
Gleichzeitig bewirkt die Positionierung des Hauptstromauslasses 132 stromabwärts des Ablöseelements 310, jedoch nach wie vor in der Nähe dieses Stromablöseelements 310, einerseits einen guten Durchsatz (welcher in der Regel weniger wichtig ist als der Durchsatz durch den Bypasskanal 136) und dabei einen Auslass des Hauptstroms in ein Gebiet mit einer abgelösten Grenzschicht 226 (vergleiche
Neben der Optimierung der Lage der Auslassöffnungen 132, 138 lässt sich, wie oben beschrieben, zusätzlich auch die Gestalt der Auslassöffnungen 138, 132 optimieren. Dies ist in den
Für den Hauptstromauslass 132 hat sich hingegen ein Strömungsführungselement 614 bewährt, welches neben einer abströmseitigen Abflachung 616 eine Umlenknase 620 umfasst. Während die Abflachung 616 (welche im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel leicht abgerundet ist) eine Länge l3 hat, welche im selben Bereich wie die Länge l1 gemäß
Claims (11)
- Plug sensor (110) for determining at least one parameter of a fluid medium, in particular of a flowing intake air mass of an internal combustion engine, flowing through a flow pipe in a main flow direction (126), having a plug part (116) which is able to be plugged into the flow pipe in a plug-in direction with a predefined orientation with respect to the main flow direction (126), wherein at least one flow channel (124) with at least one inlet opening (128) and with at least one outlet opening (132, 138) is present in the plug part (116), wherein at least one sensor (144) for determining the at least one parameter is accommodated in the at least one flow channel (124), wherein the plug part (116) has a profile on which at least one at least local pressure minimum (522) is established in the flowing fluid medium, wherein the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) is arranged on the side of the plug part (116) in the region of the at least one pressure minimum (522), characterized in that the plug part (116) has, at least in the region of the inlet opening, a aerofoil-type profile (210) which extends in a plane perpendicular to the plug-in direction of the plug part (116), which has a rounded incident-flow side and which is designed such that, with the plug part (116) inserted into the flowing fluid medium, an asymmetric flow profile of the fluid medium with a high-pressure side (228) and a low-pressure side (230) is established, wherein the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) is arranged on the low-pressure side (230).
- Plug sensor (110) according to the preceding claim, characterized by at least one of the following designs of the aerofoil-type profile (210):- the aerofoil-type profile (210) has, with the plug part (116) inserted into the flowing fluid medium, an incidence angle α to the main flow direction (126) of between 0° and 7°, preferably of between 2° and 5°, and particularly preferably of 4°;- the aerofoil-type profile (210) has a profile curvature of between 0% and 10%, preferably of between 2% and 7%, and particularly preferably of 5%.
- Plug sensor (110) according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) has an opening width D, wherein the centre of the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) is arranged spaced apart from the point of the at least one pressure minimum by no more than two opening widths, preferably by no more than one opening width.
- Plug sensor (110) according to the preceding claim, wherein the at least one flow channel (124) has at least one main channel (130) and at least one bypass channel (136), wherein the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) comprises at least one main flow outlet (132) of the at least one main channel (130) and/or at least one bypass outlet (138) of the at least one bypass channel (136), and wherein the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) is arranged laterally on the at least one aerofoil-type profile (210), characterized in that the plug sensor (110) has at least one of the following arrangements of the at least one outlet opening (132, 138):- the centre of the at least one bypass outlet (138) is arranged upstream of the at least one pressure minimum (522) with a separation d1 of between -0.5 D1 and 2.0 D1, preferably of between 0 D1 and 1.0 D1, and particularly preferably of 0.5 D1, wherein D1 denotes the opening width of the at least one bypass outlet (138) ;- the centre of the at least one main flow outlet (132) is arranged downstream of the at least one pressure minimum (522) with a separation d2 of between 0 D2 and 2.0 D2, preferably of between 0.5 D2 and 1.5 D2, and particularly preferably of 1.0 D2, wherein D2 denotes the opening width of the at least one main flow outlet (132).
- Plug sensor (110) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one main flow outlet (132) is arranged in a region of a detached boundary layer (226) of the flow of the fluid medium.
- Plug sensor (110) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plug part (116) has at least one detachment element (310) on at least one side, preferably on the low-pressure side (230) only, wherein the at least one detachment element (310) is designed to bring about the at least local pressure minimum (522) in the flowing fluid medium with the plug part (116) inserted into the flowing fluid medium, and wherein the at least one detachment element (310) preferably comprises one of the following elements: a bend (312) in the contour of the plug part (116), a step (410) in the contour of the plug part (116), a maximum (514) in the contour of the plug part (116), a point of inflection (512) in the contour of the plug part (116).
- Plug sensor (110) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) has at least one flow-guiding element (614), wherein the at least one flow-guiding element (614) is designed to draw fluid medium, flowing out of the at least one outlet opening (132, 138), towards the main flow direction (126) in its outflow direction and/or to divert said medium into the main flow direction and/or to divert said medium along the contour of the plug part (116).
- Plug sensor (110) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) is arranged transversely with respect to the main flow direction (126), and in that the at least one flow-guiding element (614) comprises at least one of the following elements:- a diverter nose (620) which is arranged on the upstream edge, with respect to the main flow direction (126), of the at least one outlet opening (132, 138), wherein the diverter nose (620) points substantially in the main flow direction (126);- a rounded portion and/or a flattened portion (616) of the edge of the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) which is downstream with respect to the main flow direction (126).
- Plug sensor (110) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a diverter nose (620) is provided, which has a maximum length 12 in the main flow direction (126) of between 0.05 D and 0.5 D, preferably of between 0.1 D and 0.4 D, wherein D is the opening width of the at least one outlet opening (132, 138), and wherein the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) is preferably a main flow outlet (132).
- Plug sensor (110) according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that a rounded portion and/or a flattened portion (616) is provided, which has a length 13 in the main flow direction (126) of between 1.0 D and 5.0 D, preferably of between 2.0 D and 4.0 D, wherein D is the opening width of the at least one outlet opening (132, 138).
- Plug sensor (110) according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the profile of the plug part (116) has a profile length L', wherein the diameter D of the at least one outlet opening (132, 138) is between 10% and 20% of the profile length L'.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102006045657A DE102006045657A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2006-09-27 | Plug-in sensor with optimized flow outlet |
PCT/EP2007/059551 WO2008037586A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2007-09-12 | Plug-in sensor having an optimized flow outlet |
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EP2069726A1 EP2069726A1 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
EP2069726B1 true EP2069726B1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
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US (1) | US8418548B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2069726B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4934198B2 (en) |
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US20220283007A1 (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-09-08 | Honeywell International Inc. | Flow sensing device |
US11959787B2 (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2024-04-16 | Honeywell International Inc. | Flow sensing device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008037586A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
US20110000289A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
EP2069726A1 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
JP4934198B2 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
JP2010505101A (en) | 2010-02-18 |
US8418548B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 |
DE102006045657A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
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