EP2066218A1 - Appareil ménager acheminant de l'eau et comprenant un système de dosage de détergent muni d'un dispositif de dosage - Google Patents

Appareil ménager acheminant de l'eau et comprenant un système de dosage de détergent muni d'un dispositif de dosage

Info

Publication number
EP2066218A1
EP2066218A1 EP07802972A EP07802972A EP2066218A1 EP 2066218 A1 EP2066218 A1 EP 2066218A1 EP 07802972 A EP07802972 A EP 07802972A EP 07802972 A EP07802972 A EP 07802972A EP 2066218 A1 EP2066218 A1 EP 2066218A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
household appliance
appliance according
closure
conducting household
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07802972A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2066218B1 (fr
Inventor
Egbert Classen
Helmut Jerg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Publication of EP2066218A1 publication Critical patent/EP2066218A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2066218B1 publication Critical patent/EP2066218B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/44—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants
    • A47L15/4418—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants in the form of liquids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/44—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/44—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants
    • A47L15/4463—Multi-dose dispensing arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/44—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants
    • A47L15/449—Metering controlling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/006—Cabinets or cupboards specially adapted for cleaning articles by hand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water-conducting household appliance according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a make-of-conducting household appliance. Furthermore, the invention relates to a make-of-conducting household appliance.
  • the majority of household dishwashers currently in use has an adding device for receiving one or more cleaning agents, which are added during the course of a rinsing cycle of the rinsing liquor for cleaning the sorted in the dishwasher items to be washed.
  • the detergent stored in the adding device is completely discharged into the washing compartment during the rinsing cycle and mixed with the rinsing water circulated therein.
  • the addition device is sized in size so that just the required amount of detergent for a rinse cycle can be filled. The user of the dishwasher is therefore forced to fill in the adding device the amount of detergent required for the rinse cycle at the beginning of each rinse cycle. This handling is inconvenient for the user of the dishwasher.
  • such dishwashers have the problem that the amount of cleaning agent introduced into the adding device may vary from user to user, but also from one rinse to another.
  • an incorrectly metered amount of cleaning agent can lead to unsatisfactory scavenging results if the cleaning agents have been dispensed too low and, on the other hand, a waste of cleaning agents and thus environmental pollution if too large an amount of cleaning agent has been dispensed.
  • Addition devices which add the amount of cleaning agents stored therein at once to the rinsing liquor still do not permit the implementation of more complex rinsing programs. Thus, it may be useful, for example, in certain situations, to meter in the detergent at different times of the wash liquor. Addition devices configured to receive a single detergent dose can not support such complex rinse cycles. It is an object of the invention to provide a water-conducting household appliances with aachisffendosiersystem, which is inexpensive to implement. It is a further object of the invention to provide a corresponding detergent dosing system.
  • the inventive water-conducting household appliance in particular domestic dishwasher with a detergent dosing system has a device for dosing at least one fluid in the washing compartment of a dishwasher, a chamber for receiving at least one added fluid and an outlet which is open and closed by a closure.
  • the detergent dosing system is designed, for example, to be arranged adjacent to a washing compartment of the dishwasher in the interior of the dishwasher and contains at least one cleaning agent, the stored quantity of cleaning agents being greater than the quantity required for a rinsing cycle. "Adjacent to a washing compartment” means that the detergent dosing system is firmly integrated in a component of the dishwasher, for example a side wall of the housing or a door of the dishwasher. Furthermore, the detergent dosing system has a connection to the dishwasher control.
  • Detergents may be the composition of a variety of detergent components or individual detergent substances, such as an enzyme.
  • the cleaning agents may be liquid or else gel-like.
  • the cleaning agents may be arranged in a plurality of chambers of the cartridge.
  • the detergent dosing system is designed to accommodate a corresponding number of cartridges with only one chamber.
  • the closure can be actuated by means of an actuator, wherein the actuator according to the invention comprises the following features: it is provided a transmission means which is in operative connection with the closure, so that a movement of the transmission means causes a movement of the closure.
  • the transmission means may be rotatably mounted, wherein the axis of rotation is arranged parallel or substantially parallel to a direction of movement of the closure and which is so in operative connection with the closure, that a rotational movement of the transmission means causes a movement of the closure.
  • the actuator further comprises opening means for causing the shutter to move, for example, to cause rotational movement of the transmission means in a first direction, and return means for causing closure of the shutter to move, for example, to pivot the transmission means in a second direction.
  • An inventive device is characterized by a small footprint, a simple and robust mechanism and high cost efficiency.
  • the device enables the precise metering and / or addition of a fluid, in particular a cleaning agent.
  • a particularly cost-effective and simple production of the device results from the fact that the actuator is arranged on a support which forms a wall portion of the chamber.
  • the actuator system can be manufactured separately from the chamber, which is part of a detergent dosing system described later.
  • the separate production has the advantage that a prefabrication of the actuator including all control means is possible. As part of the production, only the carrier with the actuator and the chamber are to be connected.
  • the carrier may have the functionality of a printed circuit board and make electrical wiring.
  • the carrier may have printed conductors on at least one of its main sides and / or in the interior.
  • the carrier can be manufactured in the so-called. Insert technology, according to which conductor tracks are encapsulated with carrier material.
  • the closure comprises a valve stem having a valve stem and a valve disk, wherein the valve stem can project through the carrier such that the valve disk comes to rest outside the chamber and the transmission means is arranged between the valve disk and the carrier.
  • the transmission means preferably has a wedge-shaped or cam-shaped projection which, for example, increases the distance between the valve disk and the transmission means during a rotational movement in the first direction, so that a movement of the valve stem is effected.
  • the projection pushes under the valve disk, so that, as the angle of rotation increases, the valve stem is moved away from the outlet.
  • a rotational movement in the opposite direction in general: in the second direction
  • a movement of the valve stem in the opposite direction can be effected, so that a closure of the outlet through the closure is the result.
  • the opening means comprises a first shape memory alloy which effects rotational movement of the transmission means in the first direction in response to a drive signal.
  • a shape memory alloy is used because of the memory effect for the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy.
  • Shape memory alloys are also referred to as memory metals or shaped memory alloy. They can transmit very large forces in several 100,000 motion cycles.
  • the shape transformation is based on the temperature-dependent lattice transformation of two different crystal structures of a material. A change in shape is caused by the heating of the shape memory alloy.
  • the shape return during cooling of the shape memory alloy can be forced by an externally acting (mechanical) force.
  • a means for exerting a mechanical force in particular a spring, may be provided.
  • the return means comprises a second shape memory alloy, which causes the rotational movement of the transmission means in the second direction in response to a drive signal.
  • shape memory alloys as actuators allows a particularly simple structural design of the device for adding and / or metering the fluid and, consequently, cost-effective production.
  • the return means may comprise a longitudinally movable by the second shape memory alloy portion with at least one driver, which is engageable with the transfer means to perform a rotational movement in the second direction.
  • the return means does not need to be in constant operative connection with the transmission means, which in particular in the operation of the transmission means by the opening means to overcome low forces.
  • a PTC resistor in series with the first and / or second shape memory alloy.
  • a common PTC resistor may be provided for the first and the second shape memory alloys. It is also possible in each case to interconnect a separate PTC resistor with the first or the second shape memory alloy.
  • the closure in the chamber preferably has a membrane which is connected to the carrier.
  • the closure may be formed by a flexible, impermeable membrane which is fixedly connected to the carrier, through which the chamber is divided into a first and a second chamber portion and in the first chamber portion with an end facing away from the valve disk of the valve stem, is firmly connected.
  • the membrane seals the actuator against the fluid.
  • the material of the membrane can be chosen freely, in particular rubber comes into consideration.
  • valve stem is resiliently biased.
  • valve stem in the first chamber portion may be surrounded by a compression spring for applying a force effecting the closure of the outlet. This ensures that after actuation of the closure means by the compression spring, the closure is securely pressed to the outlet to prevent further leakage of fluid from the chamber.
  • the device is designed for the delivery of a fluid by gravity and for metering over a definable flow time.
  • a detergent dosing system comprises at least one device for dosing and / or adding a fluid, as has been described above.
  • the invention also relates to a detergent dosing system for dishwashers.
  • the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a dishwasher according to the invention with a detergent dosing system, which is arranged in a container wall of the dishwasher,
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through a detergent dosing system according to the invention, wherein a device arranged in a dosing chamber is shown with which cleaning agent from a cartridge can be fed into the washing compartment of the dishwasher,
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a device according to the invention for metering and / or adding a fluid
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a plurality of devices for separately metering and / or adding fluids to a detergent dosing system.
  • Fig. 5 is a section through the device on Fig. 3, and
  • Fig. 6 is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the adding device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a dishwasher 1 according to the invention, which has a pivotally mounted on a housing 2 door 3.
  • the door 3 is shown in the figure in its open position.
  • Spülraum 4 dish racks 5, 6 are arranged in a known manner.
  • a detergent dosing system 10, comprising a detergent dispenser 11 and a cartridge 50, which contains at least two detergent products stored separately from one another, is arranged by way of example in a container wall 7 of the housing 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows the preferred arrangement of the detergent dosing system 10 between the upper basket 5 and the lower rack 6.
  • the detergent dispenser 11 accommodating the cartridge 50 is arranged in a section of the container wall 7 located near the door opening in order to allow insertion and removal of the cartridge 50 or from the detergent dispenser 1 1 to facilitate the user.
  • the detergent dosing system 10 shows the arranged in the container wall 7 detergent dispenser 11. This comprises a housing 12 and a relative to the housing pivotally mounted cover 13. If the cover 13, as shown in FIG 1, in its opening position, the cartridge 50 can be inserted into the lid from the washing compartment 4.
  • the lid 13 has for holding and fixing, for example via two symmetrically arranged retaining tabs, which for example have an L-shaped configuration and are adapted to the size of the cartridge 50, so that the retaining tabs grip the cartridge 50 after insertion.
  • a support surface is formed, so that the cartridge 50 comes to rest in a defined position.
  • the cartridge is placed in a receiving space of the detergent dispenser 1 1 and pressed by any existing lugs and / or projections on the housing of the detergent dispenser in its final position.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through a detergent dosing system 10 according to the invention.
  • One or more outlets 19 are provided in the housing 12 of the detergent dispenser 11.
  • the outlets 19 each open into a metering chamber 20, wherein in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, only one metering chamber 20 and corresponding to an outlet 19 can be seen.
  • the metering chamber 20 communicates via a cannula 21 with a chamber 51 of the cartridge 50 in connection.
  • the conveying of the cleaning agent can take place by utilizing gravity.
  • the cartridge 50 has, for example, five chambers, each for receiving a cleaning agent or a detergent mixture.
  • the size of the individual chambers is preferably dimensioned according to the volume required during a predetermined number of rinsing cycles.
  • the volume of the various cleaning agents in the chambers is such that after a certain number of rinsing cycles, preferably between 20 and 40, more preferably about 30, all of the chambers are completely emptied.
  • Each of the chambers is provided with an apparent closure in the form of a membrane, a film or an elastomer. The membrane closes off the individual chambers 51 in a sealing manner, so that no detergent can escape from them during storage and transport of the cartridge 50.
  • the membranes are removed from the cannulas 21 arranged correspondingly in the detergent dispenser 11 (see FIG. 2), so that cleaning agent can be added to the washing compartment in accordance with a corresponding metering device.
  • the cartridge is preferably made of a plastic and has a width B of about 200 mm, a height H of about 125 mm and a depth of about 25 mm. With these dimensions, the volume of the various chambers can be dimensioned such that the desired 20 to 40 rinsing cycles can be carried out by means of a cartridge.
  • a metering and adding device is arranged, which is formed in the present embodiment of a movably mounted in the metering chamber 20, impermeable membrane 26 and an actuator 26 for the membrane.
  • the diaphragm 26 divides the metering chamber 20 into a first and a second chamber section, the first chamber section accommodating components of the actuator system and the second chamber section communicating with the outlet 19.
  • the membrane 26 is shaped such that it is movable between an outlet 19 closing and the outlet releasing position.
  • the membrane 26 has a thimble-like shape in cross-section, wherein a tip of the membrane with the outlet 19 corresponds. At its other end, the membrane 26 has a bead 29 which rests intimately on a carrier 37.
  • a valve tappet 22 protrudes through the carrier 37 from outside the metering chamber 20 in the first chamber section.
  • the valve tappet 22 comprises a valve stem 27 and a valve disk 28, the latter being arranged outside the metering chamber 20.
  • the inside of the first chamber portion end of the valve stem 27 has a thickening 30 which is surrounded by membrane material of the membrane 26 for making a mechanical connection.
  • Adjacent to the valve stem 27 comprises an abutment 35. Between the abutment 35 and a the interior of the metering chamber 20 associated main side, a compression spring 24 is arranged.
  • Between the valve plate 28 and an outer main side of the carrier 37 is a rotatably mounted transmission means 23 which is designed as a valve operating lever arranged.
  • the valve actuating lever 23 has a wedge-shaped or cam-shaped projection 36 on its side facing the valve disk 28.
  • All components of the actuator described can be mounted on the carrier 37. To arrange the metering and adding device in the metering chamber is only a fixation of the carrier to the housing of the detergent dosing necessary.
  • Fig. 3 shows an enlarged view of the dosing and adding device according to the invention in a plan view.
  • the valve disk 28 has shoulders 31 disposed opposite one another.
  • the valve actuating lever 23 includes two oppositely disposed engaging elements 32, 33 which may be integrally and integrally formed on the valve operating lever 23. Adjacent and corresponding to the engagement elements 32, 33, wedge-shaped projections 36 are arranged by way of example.
  • a shape memory alloy 38 is fixed, which is fastened with its other end to a contact pin 53.
  • the contact pin 53 is formed of an electrically conductive material and anchored in the carrier 37 (see Fig. 5), where it is in electrical contact with the counter contacts 54.
  • a conductor 40 is arranged, which is fastened with its other end to an electrically conductive contact pin 52.
  • the contact pin 52 is also electrically conductively anchored in the carrier 37, as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the contact pin 52 may be formed extended in so-called. Insert technology in the interior of the carrier 37.
  • the conductor 40 is designed as a tension spring and is electrically connected to the shape memory alloy 38 via a conductor 41 extending in the engagement element 32. This is represented by the broken line indicated by the reference numeral 41.
  • the electrical connection between the conductor 40 and the shape memory alloy 38 may be formed inside the engagement member 32.
  • Fig. 3 shows the dosing and adding device with the solid lines (see reference numerals 32 and 36) in a state in which the diaphragm is in close contact with the outlet (GS: closed position). This means that an addition of detergent via the outlet into the washing chamber is not possible in this position.
  • the shape memory alloy 38 is supplied with a current, which flows through a serially connected to the shape memory alloy 38 PTC resistor (not shown in Fig. 3). Due to the characteristics of the PTC resistor and the warming of the shape memory alloy 38 contracts (see arrow C), which causes a rotational movement in the direction of the arrow marked "A". In this case, finally, a position is reached, which is characterized by the broken lines 32 'and 36'. Due to the rotation, the projections 36 slide under the shoulders 31, thereby removing the membrane away from the outlet. This results in the desired opening of the closure (OS: open position).
  • a return means 42 is provided which is associated with the engagement element 33.
  • the return means 42 comprises a longitudinal portion 34 and one (or more) outgoing therefrom driver 44.
  • a arranged on the other side of the longitudinal portion 34 driver 45 is connected to a shape memory alloy 39 and formed as a spring element conductor 46.
  • the shape memory alloy 39 and the conductor 46 are electrically conductively connected to contact pins 58, 59 and electrically connected to one another via a conductor 47.
  • a current is passed through the shape memory alloy 39 via a serially connected PTC resistor (not shown). Due to this, shortening of the shape memory alloy 39 takes place (see arrow D).
  • the driver 44 engages with the engagement member 33, so that a rotational movement in the direction of the arrow marked "B" is effected until the engagement member 33 in turn assumes the position shown by the solid line and the diaphragm is intimately abutting the outlet.
  • the original state of the shape memory alloy 38 is restored with the support of the resilient conductor 40.
  • the initial state of the return means 42 can be restored by bringing the valve operating lever 23 from its closed position GS to the open position OS.
  • a number of addition and metering devices are provided. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, five such devices are shown by way of example. From this representation, it is further apparent that the return means 42 can be assigned to all addition and metering devices. Regardless of which and how many of the metering and metering devices were opened, closure of all open shutters is effected by the movement of the return means 42 in the lateral direction.
  • Fig. 4 will also be readily apparent that all components of the actuator are arranged on the carrier 37. With the broken lines here in the interior of the carrier 37 extending conductor tracks 48 are indicated, the e.g. can be manufactured in insert technology.
  • the control i. Energizing the shape memory alloys 38, 39 is accomplished by a microprocessor 49 mounted on the carrier 37. This may be e.g. in Aufstecktechnik, be applied to the carrier 37. Via a flexible cable, the microprocessor 49 may be connected to a controller of the dishwasher.
  • FIG. 5 again shows a section through the device on FIG. 3, from which, in particular, the electrical contacting of the conductor 40 and the shape memory alloy 38 via contact pins 52, 53 emerges.
  • Recognizable is also the engagement member 32, which is an integral part of the valve operating lever 23, wherein rotation of the valve operating lever 23 is caused by a shortening of the shape memory alloy 38 due to heating.
  • Fig. 6 shows an electrical equivalent circuit diagram, which shows in particular that the shape memory alloys 38 for opening the shutter only a common
  • PTC resistor 55 is assigned.
  • An additional PTC resistor 56 is the
  • Shape memory alloy 39 assigned. To drive each one
  • Shape memory alloy is each one controllable by the microprocessor 49
  • Switch 57 is provided. Depending on the design of the system could also be a common PTC resistor for the shape memory alloys 38 and the
  • Shape memory alloys 39 are provided. However, the arrangement shown has the advantage that even short switching times can be realized. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Landscapes

  • Washing And Drying Of Tableware (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil ménager acheminant de l'eau, notamment un lave-vaisselle domestique, qui comprend une cuve de lavage et un système de dosage de détergent, ledit système de dosage de détergent présentant un dispositif pour doser et/ou ajouter au moins un détergent, notamment un détergent liquide, dans une cuve de lavage de l'appareil ménager acheminant de l'eau. Ledit dispositif comprend une chambre de dosage pour contenir le détergent ajouté de manière dosée et au moins une sortie, qui peut être ouverte ou fermée par un système de bouchage, ce dernier pouvant être actionné au moyen d'un mécanisme d'actionnement. L'invention se caractérise en ce que ledit système d'actionnement comprend: un moyen de transmission (23) qui coopère avec le système de bouchage (26), de sorte qu'un mouvement du moyen de transmission (38) induise un mouvement du système de bouchage, des moyens d'ouverture (38) qui induisent un mouvement du moyen de transmission (23) dans une première direction, pour ouvrir le système de bouchage (26), des moyens de rappel (39) qui induisent un mouvement du moyen de transmission (23) dans une seconde direction, pour fermer le système de bouchage (26).
EP07802972.5A 2006-09-19 2007-08-29 Appareil ménager acheminant de l'eau et comprenant un système de dosage de détergent muni d'un dispositif de dosage Active EP2066218B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006043919A DE102006043919A1 (de) 2006-09-19 2006-09-19 Wasserführendes Haushaltsgerät mit einem Reinigungsmitteldosiersystem mit einer Dosierungsvorrichtung
PCT/EP2007/058955 WO2008034689A1 (fr) 2006-09-19 2007-08-29 Appareil ménager acheminant de l'eau et comprenant un système de dosage de détergent muni d'un dispositif de dosage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2066218A1 true EP2066218A1 (fr) 2009-06-10
EP2066218B1 EP2066218B1 (fr) 2018-04-18

Family

ID=38814380

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07802972.5A Active EP2066218B1 (fr) 2006-09-19 2007-08-29 Appareil ménager acheminant de l'eau et comprenant un système de dosage de détergent muni d'un dispositif de dosage

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8764909B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2066218B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006043919A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008034689A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2066218B1 (fr) 2018-04-18
US20090235963A1 (en) 2009-09-24
WO2008034689A1 (fr) 2008-03-27
DE102006043919A1 (de) 2008-03-27
US8764909B2 (en) 2014-07-01

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