EP2062316A1 - Verfahren zur ermittlung eines anodenumsatzgrads in einem brennstoffzellensystem - Google Patents
Verfahren zur ermittlung eines anodenumsatzgrads in einem brennstoffzellensystemInfo
- Publication number
- EP2062316A1 EP2062316A1 EP07785686A EP07785686A EP2062316A1 EP 2062316 A1 EP2062316 A1 EP 2062316A1 EP 07785686 A EP07785686 A EP 07785686A EP 07785686 A EP07785686 A EP 07785686A EP 2062316 A1 EP2062316 A1 EP 2062316A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- fuel cell
- fuel
- afterburner
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04447—Concentration; Density of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04462—Concentration; Density of anode exhausts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining an anode conversion rate of a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack.
- the invention relates to a fuel cell system with a control device.
- fuel cell systems are known, for example SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) fuel cell systems, in which a reformer, a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack and an afterburner are coupled together in this sequence.
- SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
- the reformer converts the supplied air and the supplied fuel into a hydrogen and mono- carbon-containing gas or a reformate. Subsequently, this reformate reaches an anode of the fuel cell or the fuel cell stack.
- the reformate is fed via an anode inlet to the fuel cell stack.
- the reformate H 2 , CO
- the reformate is partly oxidized catalytically with release of electrons and discharged via an anode outlet.
- the electrons are from the fuel cell or the
- Derived fuel cell stack and flow, for example, to an electrical consumer. From there, the electrons reach a cathode of the fuel cell or of the fuel cell stack, a reduction taking place by supplying cathode air into a cathode inlet. Subsequently, the cathode exhaust air is discharged via a cathode outlet. The exhaust gases of the fuel cell Pels (depleted reformate), which are discharged both from the anode outlet of the anode and from the cathode outlet of the cathode, are then both fed to the afterburner. There, the depleted reformate is reacted with an afterburner air supplied to the afterburner to form a combustion exhaust gas.
- depleted reformate depleted reformate
- the degree of anode conversion can be used. At present, however, it is not possible to measure the degree of anode conversion without resorting to the use of complex gas analyzes or gas analysis methods of the reformate upstream of the fuel cell or the fuel cell stack. However, the use of such gas analysis methods in such fuel cell systems is very expensive.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, the generic method and the generic fuel cell systems in such a way that the determination of the anode conversion rate can be carried out inexpensively.
- the inventive method is based on the generic state of the art in that the anode conversion degree by measuring at least one stream of the fuel cell or the fuel cell stack, an afterburner supplied air volume flow, at the time of Measurement no fuel is supplied, an air ratio of a reformer gas and an oxygen volume fraction is determined in a Nachbrennerabgas. By measuring these quantities, the anode conversion rate can be determined cost-effectively by means of suitable calculations.
- To measure the flow of the fuel cell or fuel cell stack use only an ammeter.
- the air volume flow supplied to the afterburner can be determined using a flowmeter.
- the air ratio of the reformer gas and the oxygen volume fraction in the afterburner exhaust gas can each be determined by a lambda probe, which are provided correspondingly in a reformer and the afterburner.
- I is the flow of the fuel cell or the fuel cell stack
- N is the fuel cell number
- F is the Faraday constant and f £ ° ut , ⁇ £ ° at , ⁇ £ ° at each
- the method according to the invention can be carried out such that the sum of the mole currents of ⁇ ⁇ ' out ,
- Vjf is the air volume flow supplied to the afterburner
- ⁇ m is the air number of the afterburner exhaust gas
- V mair is the molar volume of air.
- ⁇ ⁇ 0 * (H 2 , CO) is the volume fraction of H 2 and CO at the anode outlet and ⁇ NB (O 2 ) is the volume fraction of O 2 in the afterburner exhaust gas.
- ⁇ is defined, where ⁇ > m (H 2 , CO) is the volume fraction of H 2 and CO at an anode inlet of the anode and ⁇ ⁇ ' m is the total molar flow at the anode inlet.
- the method according to the invention is developed such that the volume fraction of H 2 and CO of the anode inlet is determined via characteristic curves as a function of the air ratio of the reformer gas or the air ratio for the reformer.
- the characteristic curves can be determined empirically.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously be designed in such a way that the total molar flow of the anode inlet is determined via characteristic curves as a function of the air ratio of the reformer gas. Also in this case, the characteristics can be determined empirically.
- the process according to the invention is preferably carried out in such a way that the total molar flow rate of the anode entry is furthermore determined as a function of a total molar flow into a reformer which increases
- Refjn _ where n is a carbon fraction and m is a hydrogen content of the fuel, / zi is the lower specific calorific value of the fuel, M ael is the molar mass of the fuel and P ref is the reformer fuel output .
- a fuel cell system according to the invention is provided with a control device which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system 10 according to the invention.
- the fuel cell system 10 comprises a reformer 16, which is coupled to a fuel supply device 12 for supplying fuel upstream of it and to an air supply device 14 upstream of it for air supply.
- the reformer 16 is coupled to a fuel cell stack 20 connected downstream of it.
- the fuel cell stack 20 in this case consists of a plurality of fuel cells. Alternatively, however, instead of the fuel cell stack 20, only a single fuel cell may be provided.
- the reformer 16 is coupled to an anode of the fuel cell stack 20.
- the fuel cell stack 20 is coupled to a cathode air supply device 18, the one
- the fuel cell stack 20 cathode air supplies. Furthermore, the fuel cell stack 20 is coupled to an afterburner 24, which in this embodiment can be supplied with exhaust gas originating both from the anode and from the cathode of the fuel cell stack 20. Furthermore, a Nachbrenner Kunststoffzu wool Rhein 22 is coupled to the afterburner 24, via which the afterburner 24 is supplied with Nachbrenner Kunststoff.
- the fuel cell system 10 is associated with a control device 26. To determine the air ratio of a reformer gas of the reformer 16, a lambda probe 34 is provided on the reformer, to which the control device 26 is coupled.
- ners 24 For measuring the oxygen content or the oxygen volume fraction of an afterburner exhaust gas of the afterburner, ners 24 another lambda probe 32 is provided on the afterburner 24. For measuring an air volume flow supplied to the afterburner 24, a flow meter 30 is provided between the afterburner air supply device 22 and the afterburner 24.
- control device 26 carries out the method according to the invention as follows, in order to determine the degree of anode conversion.
- the degree of anode conversion is defined as the ratio of fuel gases converted to the anode to the anode and can be expressed
- N is the number of fuel cells in the fuel cell stack
- F is the Faraday constant in As / mol
- ⁇ ⁇ ' m is the sum of the mole currents entering the anode, H 2 , CO, BS me of H 2 , CO and Fuel in mol / s
- H T ' + co ° ut + ⁇ B s ° ut the sum of the emerging from the anode molar flows of H 2 , CO and the fuel in mol / s.
- the current I is measured when no additional fuel, in particular diesel, the afterburner 24 is supplied.
- the control device 26 has a current measuring device 28 which is suitably connected to the fuel cell stack 20 for current measurement. If the current of the fuel cell stack 20 can be measured, then it is still necessary to determine the term ⁇ ° ° ut + ⁇ g g ut + ⁇ ° ° ut for anode conversion calculation X A. This term can be described, inter alia, according to the definition of the air ratio as follows:
- V TM is the air volumetric flow in the afterburner 24 of the afterburner air supply device 22 in Nl / s, the air ratio or air ratio (Lambda) of the afterburner exhaust gas of the afterburner 24 and V mair the molar volume or molar volume of the air in Nl / mol.
- the molar volume of the air is known and can be determined, for example, from the molar mass in connection with the specific volume of air.
- the control device 26 determines the air volume flow supplied to the afterburner 24 via the flow measuring device 30.
- the air ratio of the afterburner exhaust gas of the afterburner 24 must continue to be calculated by the control device 26.
- the air ratio of the afterburner exhaust gas the following relationship applies, which can be derived for the superstoichiometric combustion:
- ⁇ A '° ut designated (H 2, CO) by volume of H 2 and CO at an anode outlet that is, the volume fraction of the gases when leaving the anode, wherein ⁇ m (O 2) e ⁇ - n volume fraction of O 2 in the afterburner exhaust gas.
- the control device 26 is coupled to a lambda probe 32 provided on the afterburner 24.
- the controller 26 uses the following - S -
- ⁇ Km (H 2 , CO) denotes the volume fraction of the gas supplied to the anode from the reformer 16 from H 2 and CO, ie
- the control device 26 uses an empirically determined characteristic as a function of a reformer lambda or an air ratio of the reformer gas of the reformer
- control device 26 For determining the air ratio of the reformer gas, the control device 26 is coupled to a lambda probe 34 provided on the reformer 16. Similarly, the control device 26 uses the total molar flow ⁇ £ m in the anode inlet following context:
- the coefficient Ci 1 is also determined empirically in this case.
- these empirically determined coefficients can be used to generate characteristics that can be used for the respective calculation.
- e ⁇ efM denotes a lecturmolenstrom the reformer 16 supplied gases. This expression can be derived by the following relationship for the calculation of the necessary total molar flow in the reformer ⁇ * ef> in :
- n denotes a carbon fraction and m denotes a hydrogen fraction of the fuel used or fed to the reformer. Furthermore, P ref denotes a
- the degree of anode conversion can be estimated by means of the control device 26, since the control device 26 either measures all variables required for this purpose as described above or derives these variables on the basis of further relationships.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006042995A DE102006042995A1 (de) | 2006-09-13 | 2006-09-13 | Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines Anodenumsatzgrads in einem Brennstoffzellensystem |
| PCT/DE2007/001382 WO2008031383A1 (de) | 2006-09-13 | 2007-08-03 | Verfahren zur ermittlung eines anodenumsatzgrads in einem brennstoffzellensystem |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2062316A1 true EP2062316A1 (de) | 2009-05-27 |
Family
ID=38670674
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07785686A Withdrawn EP2062316A1 (de) | 2006-09-13 | 2007-08-03 | Verfahren zur ermittlung eines anodenumsatzgrads in einem brennstoffzellensystem |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090201007A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2062316A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2010503953A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN101584068A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2007295725A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2662381A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102006042995A1 (de) |
| EA (1) | EA200970265A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008031383A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8677617B2 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2014-03-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Printed circuit board edge connector |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2445444A1 (de) * | 1973-09-25 | 1975-04-03 | Ricardo & Co Engineers | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum analysieren des auspuffgasaustritts einer brennkraftmaschine |
| US6893756B2 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2005-05-17 | General Motors Corporation | Lambda sensing with a fuel cell stack |
| US6884533B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2005-04-26 | Ballard Generation Systems | Utilization based power plant control system |
| US6818336B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-11-16 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Fuel control for fuel-processor steam generation in low temperature fuel cell power plant |
| DE10358933A1 (de) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-07-28 | Webasto Ag | Bestimmung des Lambdawertes von Reformat |
| FR2877497B1 (fr) * | 2004-10-29 | 2007-04-27 | Renault Sas | Dispositif et procede de commande d'une quantite de carburant injectee dans un reformeur de systeme de pile a combustible embarque a bord d'un vehicule automobile |
| DE102004059494C5 (de) * | 2004-12-10 | 2008-07-24 | Baxi Innotech Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Luftzahl bei einem Brenner für ein Brennstoffzellenheizgerät sowie Brennstoffzellenheizgerät |
| DE102005038733A1 (de) * | 2005-08-16 | 2007-02-22 | Webasto Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Reformers |
-
2006
- 2006-09-13 DE DE102006042995A patent/DE102006042995A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-08-03 CA CA002662381A patent/CA2662381A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-03 EA EA200970265A patent/EA200970265A1/ru unknown
- 2007-08-03 AU AU2007295725A patent/AU2007295725A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-03 WO PCT/DE2007/001382 patent/WO2008031383A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-08-03 JP JP2009527685A patent/JP2010503953A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-08-03 EP EP07785686A patent/EP2062316A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-08-03 CN CNA2007800339521A patent/CN101584068A/zh active Pending
- 2007-08-03 US US12/440,196 patent/US20090201007A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008031383A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20090201007A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| WO2008031383A1 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
| AU2007295725A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
| CN101584068A (zh) | 2009-11-18 |
| EA200970265A1 (ru) | 2009-08-28 |
| CA2662381A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
| DE102006042995A1 (de) | 2008-03-27 |
| JP2010503953A (ja) | 2010-02-04 |
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