EP2057259A1

EP2057259A1 - Melt granules for detergents

Info

Publication number: EP2057259A1
Application number: EP07788449A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wilfried Rähse
Original assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Current assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date: 2006-08-28
Filing date: 2007-08-16
Publication date: 2009-05-13
Also published as: US20090215664A1; DE102006040103A1; WO2008025678A1

Abstract

Melt granules for detergents are described that are obtained by way of defined melting/solidification processes. These melt granules allow the provision of dust-free, abrasion-stable, solid detergents. The melt granules can also be used effectively for fragrancing purposes. The production processes described, moreover, offer many possibilities for influencing the aesthetics of the product.

Description

"Melt granules for detergents and cleaners"

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of melt granules for detergents or cleaners. It also relates to certain melt granules and their use for laundry and for scenting purposes.

Solid detergents and cleaners have been a welcome aid in households and businesses for many years and are taken for granted by almost everyone.

An essential problem in the design of solid detergents and cleaners lies above all in providing such agents which are substantially dust-free and resistant to abrasion. This is not only important for the aesthetic sense of the user, but also for the practical application of meaning. All too easily, as a result of attrition and dust secretion, e.g. demixing of the solid washing and cleaning agent occur, which e.g. can lead to individual batches of detergents, which should actually be the same content, but still differ due to segregation and thereby promote qualitatively different washing results, which can disappoint the consumer.

The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a dust-free and abrasion-resistant solid washing or cleaning agent.

The above object is solved by the subject matter of the invention. This forms a process for the preparation of niotensidhaltiger solid, anhydrous detergents or cleaning agents or components thereof in the form of melt granules, characterized in that

(a) at least one at room temperature (ie 20 ⁰ C) solid detergent or cleaning agent, preferably comprising a surfactant or surfactant mixture or its precursor is melted,

(b) the melt is mixed with at least one further solid detergent or cleaning agent ingredient and / or at least one liquid,

(c) the mixture of (b) is solidified by cooling.

Anhydrous in connection with this invention means that the resulting melt granules have a content of free water <5 wt .-%, preferably <2 wt .-%, in particular <1 wt .-%, based on the total melt granules.

Free water is water which is not in chemically and / or physically bound form. For example, free water does not include the water bound to zeolite. The object of the invention makes it possible to provide a dust-free, abrasion-stable solid, anhydrous detergent which has the advantages of a liquid detergent (high surfactant content, good cleaning power synthetic fiber and greasy stains at T <60 ⁰ C, tissue conservation) with the advantages of solid detergents (eg high builder content) can connect.

With the present invention, it is possible to provide particularly aesthetic detergents, which differ significantly from the usual powders and which, for in powder form, as beads, flakes, strips, lozenges, micropastils can be offered, so allow a large variance in product design.

For example, By casting or pressing in negative molds, the design of any shape is possible, also e.g. the application of company logos, letters, symbols or other symbols is possible.

The incorporation of solids or the liquids into the melt results in an improved storage stability, since oxygen can not come into contact with the enclosed components. In particular, a usable perfume is then embedded embedded in the melt granules, without any possibility of contact with the bleach possibly present in admixed granules.

It can be e.g. Also realize controlled release effect, for example, by only TAED, or a long-lasting perfume or a softening component are embedded in a melt granules. These components can then be released from the granules with a delay. On the selection of the melt-forming substances, i. e.g. their composition, C chain length and distribution and, for example, the nonionic surfactants on the degree of ethoxylation, the dissolution rates of the melt granules can be easily adjusted as desired depending on the temperature.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the process at step (c) the mixture is first poured into any shape, then solidified and preferably subsequently demolded. The negative molds are preferably located on a continuously running, cooled belt or a roller or twin roller. With appropriate formulation can be dispensed demolding aid, and the shaped product falls after appropriate cooling directly following the gravity of the mold. During the solidification process, the outer shape of the resulting product is determined. The shapes can be chosen so that the consumer the products are given directly in the form of the hand.

In the selection of molds, the expert knows no limits, in addition to conventional forms of metals or plastics, molding sand-like forms can be used. For this purpose, suitable release agents (for example starch or bee waxy powder, pyrogenic silicates, zeolites, finely divided carbonates, etc.) are bed-spread. With a positive stamp depressions can be pressed into the bed, which form after lifting the stamp forms. In these wells, the melt can be metered completely analogous to conventional forms. The molds can then be separated from the molds by, for example, screening. But it is also possible to use the powder matrix to form a partial or the formation completely enclosing enclosure. For this purpose, the moldings can be heated superficially after solidification in the powder matrix, whereby the components of the powder matrix, which are in direct contact with the forming, dissolved or adhered to the molding. Complete wrapping can be achieved in this way if the moldings located in the powder bed are covered with another layer of powder.

Alternatively, the use of molds can be dispensed with in the production of the products. Here, methods are available, with which the melts are processed shaping without external form, for example by pelleting, the pruning, the pastillization and the scaling by means of cooling rollers.

Suitable processes according to the invention are also extrusion processes (for example "noodle extrusion" with all forms), roll compaction with / without negative forms or dripping of the melt.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture from step (b) of the process (ie the melt with at least one further solid detergent or cleaning agent ingredient and / or at least one liquid) in step (c) is dripped or generated to produce beads sprayed by powders.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture from step (b) of the process (ie the melt with at least one further solid detergent or cleaning agent ingredient and / or at least one liquid) in step (c) by cooling on a steel roll or a steel strip pasted, scaled or put into strips.

The method of prilling comprises the production of granular bodies of fusible materials, wherein in this inventive method variant, the melt is sprayed at the top of a tower in a defined droplet size, in free fall, preferably by a (KaIt-) gas stream, solidifies and the PrNIs on Floor of the tower incurred as granules.

Draining methods lead to spherical granules with particle sizes in the range d ₅₀ of advantageously 0.4 to 5 mm, preferably 0.8 to 1, 5 mm, adjustable via the drip nozzles. (d ₅₀ represents the median value. The median value is defined as the particle size below and above which each 50% of the particle amount lie.) The solidification of the melt droplets is done in free fall over several meters by a cold gas stream, which can be brought to low temperatures, for example, with liquid air / nitrogen / CO ₂ or a refrigeration system.

In general, all gases can be used as (cold) gas stream, wherein the temperature of the gas should be well below the solidification temperature of the melt. In order to avoid long downhills, it is possible to work with gases which are more cooled, for example with (deeply) cooled air or, if required, also with liquid nitrogen, which is injected into the gas stream of the spray towers or downcomers in draining installations.

The grain size of the resulting PrNIs can be varied by the choice of the spray nozzles and the process conditions, with technically easily realizable particle sizes d _50, for example in the range of 0.05 to 2 mm, preferably d ₅₀ by 0.3 to 0.7 mm.

An alternative method of prilling is by pastillation. Pastillation involves metering the melt onto steel belts which have a temperature below the solidification temperature of the melt and are cooled from below.

The pastillation can provide small particles (micropastillation) and also larger particles, which in technically conventional processes e.g. Sizes between 0.2 and 10 mm, preferably between 1 and 6 mm. It is also possible to apply very thin strips having a thickness of e.g. <1 mm, preferably <0.5 mm, in particular <0.25 mm and particularly preferably <0.15 mm, which by breaking into platelets (length and width in the range of, for example, 0.5 to 30 mm, preferably from 1 to 10 mm, in particular from 2 to 6 mm), can be transferred.

As even more cost-effective variant, the use of cooling rollers offers. In this case, the melt is applied or sprayed onto a cooling roll, the solidified portions are scraped off and, if necessary, comminuted.

The use of cooling rollers allows easy adjustment of the desired particle size range d ₅₀ , which in this inventive method, for example, below 1 mm, for example, at d ₅₀ from 200 to 700 microns, may be.

With particular preference, the inventive method can be carried out such that pellets are prepared with spherical shape, preferably having diameters of 0.4 to 5 mm, more preferably from 0.7 to 4 mm and in particular from 1 to 3 mm. For this purpose, variants of the invention are preferred in which the melt is introduced into a cooling stream of a gaseous or liquid coolant, solidified in the cooling stream to form pellets and then removed from the cooling stream. In a method variant, the melt, which is preferably a liquid to pasty mass, introduced into a cooling flow of a liquid coolant (for example, liquid air) and solidified in the cooling stream to form pellets, followed by removal from the cooling stream. For this purpose, the melt can be dripped via a dripping device (eg hollow needles), for example into an upwardly open, inclined flow channel, in which a laminar flow of liquid coolant flows. In the flow channel, the droplets in the coolant flow are solidified to form pellets and then fed, for example, to a perforated or latticed conveyor belt. Coolant flows out through the openings, while the pellets solidify completely at the latest on the conveyor belt and are conveyed to a collecting container.

The pellets are at least partially solidified in a stream of liquid coolant before they reach the conveyor belt. The resulting strength depends inter alia on the residence time of the pellets on the flow channel, and thus on their length. In order to be able to ensure sufficient residence times of the pellets on the flow channel even with changing heat capacities and volumes of the melt to be solidified, their length is to be generously dimensioned.

An even simpler and cost-saving process variant for the reproducible production of pellets, in which the risk of deformation is reduced, and which is more compact for performing the method, provides that the cooling flow is generated by directional forced flow in a coolant bath.

In this method variant, the cooling flow is generated in a coolant bath. The pellets are completely or partially solidified in the cooling flow. Mechanical contacts between the solidifying pellets and a wall at a time when the pellets have not yet sufficient surface hardness and strength are thus avoided. This eliminates unwanted and irreproducible changes in the surfaces of pellets.

Through the coolant bath, a large cooling volume is available. Due to the cold, the pellets solidify quickly, at least superficially, and are therefore mechanically rapidly stabilized. Therefore, they can be carried away in a high pellet density and, accordingly, quickly from a dripping area in which they are introduced into the coolant, without fear of deformation or sticking due to contact with each other. The high pellet density allows a short cooling distance and thus a compact design of the required device. The cooling flow is generated by directed forced flow of the coolant in the coolant bath. The cooling flow, for example, runs rectilinearly or circularly within the coolant bath. With the help of the directed flow, the pellets between a defined feed point, in which the melt is introduced into the cooling stream, and a defined removal point, in which the pellets are removed from the cooling stream, passed, so that the residence time of the pellets in the cooling stream can be adjusted reproducible. Any mass and density fluctuations of the pellets, such as those that are noticeable during free sinking or buoyancy in a cooling liquid, are therefore less significant.

Preferably, a horizontal cooling flow is generated. A horizontal forced flow in the cooling bath can be realized comparatively easily. In this regard, in particular the generation of a cooling flow by directed surface flow in the coolant bath has proven to be advantageous.

To generate the cooling flow, the use of a liquid pump has been proven. By means of the liquid pump liquid coolant in the coolant bath is moved by suction and pressure and thereby generates the cooling flow. The speed of the forced flow is variably adjustable by means of the liquid pump.

To be particularly favorable, a procedure has proven in which the pellets are at least partially solidified in the cooling stream and discharged by means of a conveyor from the cooling stream and on the conveyor under the action of a gaseous coolant, e.g. Air, completely solidified. In this case, the pellets are only solidified in the liquid cooling stream to the extent that they can be conveyed out of the coolant bath without mechanical impairment.

Subsequently, the pellets are completely solidified by the action of a gaseous coolant, for which the cold exhaust air of the liquid coolant is suitable. Under exhaust air is preferably understood during operation forming exhaust gas of the liquid coolant. By using it to complete solidification of the pellets, this procedure is particularly cost-effective. In this case, a cooling flow is expedient, which is directed to the conveying device. Corresponding method according to the invention, in which the pellets are partially solidified in the cooling stream, discharged from the cooling stream by means of a conveyor and completely solidified on the conveyor under the action of a gaseous coolant, wherein preferably the cold exhaust air of the liquid coolant used as gaseous coolant is, are particularly preferred.

A further improvement of this procedure results from the fact that a cooling gas flow is generated by directional forced flow in the gaseous coolant, wherein the cooling gas flow is guided parallel to the conveying direction of the conveyor. Characterized in that the gaseous coolant, for example, the exhaust air of the coolant bath in cocurrent or in countercurrent to Conveyor is moved, a defined and reproducible cooling of the pellets is achieved. The cooling gas flow is generated, for example, by means of a gas extraction device.

In carrying out this variant of the method according to the invention, a directed cooling flow is generated by means of a liquid pump in the coolant bath. By means of a liquid pump coolant is sucked at the coolant suction port, which is discharged from the coolant outlet as near-surface, horizontal cooling flow. Above the cooling stream, a dripping device is provided by means of which the melt is dripped into the cooling stream and entrained by this. The melt is dropped into the cooling stream and moved with this to the transfer area. The average flow velocity of the cooling flow on this route is around 0.2 m / s and the route length is about 100 cm. This results in a mean residence time of the dripped beads from the melt in the liquid cooling stream of about 5 seconds. This treatment leads at least to a superficial solidification of the beads, whose mass is about 0.1 g each with a diameter of about 6 mm. The fact that the at least superficial solidification in the coolant bath takes place very quickly and without any contact with walls, it is possible to remove the beads at high speed and density from the dripping area, without mechanical damage to the beads are to be feared.

Below the cooling flow and on a first section approximately parallel to a conveyor belt, by means of which the at least superficially solidified beads are carried out of the coolant bath. For this purpose, the conveyor belt is withdrawn obliquely upward in a channel-like outlet of the housing on a second section from the coolant bath. The cooling flow transporting the beads is directed to the transfer area of the conveyor belt from the coolant bath. As the beads are transported on the conveyor belt through the channel-like outlet to the sump, they solidify completely. For this purpose, the exhaust air above the conveyor belt can be sucked in cocurrent with the transport direction of the beads. As it flows through this path, the exhaust air still extracts energy from the beads and heats up.

The tape length and speed of the conveyor belt are chosen so that the residence time of the beads is about 30 seconds, so that they are completely solidified at the end of the channel-like outlet.

In the channel-like outlet, the beads produced according to the invention are taken up by the conveyor belt and conveyed into a collecting container.

Another way to shape the melt shaping without shaping, is to pre-cool corresponding compositions so that pasty or gelatinous masses result. These compounds can then be processed in a conventional manner to formations, for example by extrusion. This method is also suitable for the production of round particles by extruding precooled masses, cut to length and then fed to a pusher.

It is readily possible to mix the pellets produced according to the invention with other components, as is common, for example, in the conventional powder technology for detergents, dishwashing detergents or cleaning agents. In this case, the globules according to the invention not only further beads prepared according to the invention of different composition, but also particulate solids, granules, extrudates, flakes, etc. may be added. In this way, washing or cleaning agents of all kinds can be produced.

The solid at room temperature washing or cleaning agent ingredient according to the invention is melted in a first step, is preferably a surfactant, surfactant mixture or their precursor, which corresponds to a preferred embodiment, in particular comprising fatty alcohol polyglycol (fatty alcohol), alkylphenolpolyglycolether and fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, ethoxylated triglycerides, fatty acids , Fatty alcohols, mixed ethers (double-sidedly alkylated polyethylene glycol ethers), alkylpolyglucosides, sucrose esters, sorbitan esters, fatty acid glucamides (preferably fatty acid N-methylglucamides) and / or amine oxides, in particular alkyldimethylamine oxides.

Possible ingredients which are melted in a first process step may advantageously also be selected from the group of silicones (silicone oils), paraffins, esterquats, waxes, mono-, di- or triglycerides and / or carbohydrates.

Suitable paraffins may e.g. Octadecane, nonadecane, eicosan, docosan, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosan, hexacosan, heptacosan, octacosan, nonacosan or triacosane, to name but a few.

Suitable fatty alcohols may be, for example, 1-tridecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-pentadecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-heptadecanol, 1-octadecanol, 9-trans-octadecen-1-ol, 1-nonadecanol, 1-eicosanol, 1-heneicosanol. 1-docosanol, 13-cis-docosen-1-ol, 3-trans-docosen-1-ol, to name just a few examples. These include the so-called waxy coal, ie fatty alcohols with about 24-36 carbon atoms, such as triacontanol-1 or melissyl alcohol. These include unsaturated fatty alcohols such as Elaidyalkohol, Erucaalkohol or Brassidylalkohol. These include Guerbet alcohols, such as C ₃₂ H ₆₆ O or C ₃₆ H ₇₄ O. These include alkanediols, such as undecanediol-1, 11 or dodecanediol-1, 12th Suitable nonionic surfactants may be, for example, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, for example C ₁₄ H ₂₉ -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂ H, C ₁₀ H ₂₁ -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₈ H, C ₁₂ H ₂₅ -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₆ H, C ₁₄ H ₂₉ -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ - 0 - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₁₂ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ -O - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄ H, to name just a few examples.

Suitable fatty acids may be e.g. its capric, undecanoic, lauric, tridecanoic, tetradecanoic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, nonadecanoic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, cerotic, crotonic, erucic, elaeostearic or melissic acids, to name but a few.

Also suitable may be the esters of fatty acids, e.g. the methyl or ethyl esters of behenic acid or arachidic acid, for example.

Also suitable are mono-, di- or triglycerides, e.g. the corresponding glycerides of lauric acid, palmitic acid or capric acid, to give a few examples.

Suitable waxes may be natural washes such as e.g. Carnauba wax, candelilla wax, espartowax, guaruma wax, Japan wax, cork wax or montan wax, as well as animal washes, e.g. Beeswax, wool wax, shellac wax or spermaceti, as well as synthetic waxes, e.g. Polyalkylene waxes or polyethylene glycol waxes, as well as chemically modified waxes, e.g. hydrogenated jojoba waxes or montan ester waxes.

If the inventively meltable detergent ingredient, such as surfactant or surfactant mixture having a melting point in the range of 25-200 ⁰ C, preferably 30-110 ⁰ C, advantageously 35-75 ° C, especially 40 to 65 ° C, so is a preferred embodiment ,

According to the invention, the melt, before it solidifies, at least one solid detergent ingredient and / or liquids added.

This liquid may advantageously be e.g. one or more natural or synthetic

Containing polymer (s), which are preferably water-soluble; in particular, such water-soluble polymer (s) may be selected from: i) polyacrylic acids and their salts ii) polymethacrylic acids and their salts iii) polyvinylpyrrolidone, iv) vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl ester copolymers, v) cellulose, starch and guar ethers vi) Polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols and their copolymers vii) graft copolymers of polyethylene glycols and vinyl acetate viii) alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers and their salts ix) alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers and their salts x) alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers and their salts xi) alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their salts xii) alkylacrylamide / Methacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their

Salts xiii) alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their salts xiv) alkylacrylamide / alkymethacrylate / alkylaminoethylmethacrylate / alkylmethacrylate copolymers and their salts xv) copolymers of xv-i) unsaturated carboxylic acids and their salts xv-ii) are cationically derivatized unsaturated carboxylic acids and their salts xvi) Acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammoniumchlorid / acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and

Ammonium salts xvii) Acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammoniumchlorid / methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and

Ammonium salts xviii) methacroylethylbetaine / methacrylate copolymers xix) vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers xx) acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / N-tert-butylacrylamide terpolymers xxi) graft polymers of vinyl esters, esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid alone or in the

Mixture copolymerized with crotonic acid, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with

Polyalkylene oxides and / or polyalkylene glycols xxii) graft copolymers obtained from the copolymerization of xxii-i) at least one nonionic-type monomer, xxii-ii) at least one ionic-type monomer, xxiii) by copolymerization of at least one monomer of each of the following three groups Copolymers: xxiii-i) esters of unsaturated alcohols and short-chain saturated carboxylic acids and / or esters of short-chain saturated alcohols and unsaturated carboxylic acids, xxiii-ii) unsaturated carboxylic acids, xxiii-iii) esters of long-chain carboxylic acids and unsaturated alcohols and / or esters of the carboxylic acids of the group dθii) with saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched C8-18-alcohol. xxiv) biopolymers, especially xanthan, carageenan agar etc.

Advantageously, the liquid may also contain surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactant (s). In a preferred embodiment, the liquid comprises skin care agents and / or textile care agents, in particular silicone oil.

Skin care agents may, in particular, be those agents which give the skin a sensory benefit, e.g. by delivering lipids and / or moisturizing factors. Skin care agents may e.g. Proteins, amino acids, lecithins, lipids, phosphatides, plant extracts, vitamins; Likewise, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, waxes, petrolatum, paraffins can act as skin care agents. Fabric care agents are e.g. Fabrics for the care of textiles, e.g. Cationic surfactants.

These liquids may be e.g. also to trade perfume or other oils. However, based on the addition of perfume, it may also be more advantageous to scent the solidified products first, for example by spraying with fragrances. Also other sensitive components, such as Bleaching agents, enzymes or dyes should be added to the final process product only subsequently, but can in principle also be incorporated directly via the process according to the invention.

Suitable solid detergent or detergent ingredients suitable for incorporation into the melt may be e.g. be selected from the following:

(A) builders, such as preferably zeolite (compounds), polycarboxylate (compounds), Na acrylic / maleic acid copolymer, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or their sodium salts

(b) carbonates, such as preferably soda,

(C) hydrogencarbonates, in particular alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal hydrogencarbonates

(d) sulfates, especially alkali and / or alkaline earth sulfates

(e) builders such as silicates and phosphates, e.g. Na silicate, soda silicates, disilicates, tripolyphosphate, phyllosilicates,

(f) anionic surfactant compounds (including, for example, fatty alcohol sulfates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, α-olefin sulfonates and / or ester sulfonates, in particular methyl ester sulfonates, and / or mixtures thereof, soaps)

(g) bleach activators, in particular N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine,

(c) citrates, preferably alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal citrates, in particular sodium, potassium and / or magnesium

Citrates, and / or citric acid (i) tower powders or spray drying products,), e.g. containing mixtures thermally stable

Ingredients of Detergents or Detergents (j) Polymers, e.g. in particular cellulose ethers (derivatives) or, preferably, linear hydrophilic polyethylene terephthalate-polyoxyethylene terephthalate block copolymers (PET-POET)

Polymers), (k) antifoam powder, preferably comprising substances such as natural fats and / or oils,

Petroleum derivatives and / or silicone oils (I) fabric softeners, bentonites, esterquat compounds (m) discoloration inhibitors (PVP, etc.)

As far as the addition of solid detergent ingredients to the melt is concerned, it is preferred that the weight ratio of melt used to the solid detergent or detergent ingredients to be added is in the range of 1/10 to 10/1, preferably 4/1 to 1 / 3, in particular 2/1 to 1/2 lies. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment.

According to the invention, it is particularly preferred that the solid washing or cleaning agent ingredients to be added to the melt have been finely ground beforehand, for example to particle sizes d ₅₀ below 100 μm, preferably to <50 μm, in particular to <25 μm, particularly preferably to <10 μm.

The fine grinding preferably results in particle sizes d ₅₀ below 500 μm. Particle sizes d ₅₀ of, for example, 1-100 μm, preferably 5-80 μm, in particular 10-50 μm, are preferred. These particle sizes d ₅₀ are preferably achieved by dry milling. Particle sizes d ₅₀ in the range of, for example, 0.05 to 50 .mu.m, preferably o, 1 to 10 .mu.m, in particular 0.5-5 microns are also preferred. These particle sizes d ₅₀ are preferably achieved by wet milling processes.

The resulting process products, ie the solidified melts or melt granules, preferably contain surfactant (s), it being possible for anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants to be present. From an application point of view, preference is given to mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants in the case of textile detergents, where the proportion of anionic surfactants should be greater than the proportion of nonionic surfactants. The total surfactant content of the resulting products is preferably below 80% by weight, 70% by weight, 60% by weight, 50% by weight, 40% by weight, 30% by weight, 20% by weight. or 10% by weight, based on the total agent. Advantageously, however, the total surfactant content of the resulting products is at a value greater than 2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%, 10 wt%, 12 wt%. %, 14 wt .-%, 16 wt .-% or 18 wt .-%, based on the total agent. It is also possible that the total surfactant content is particularly high, for example> 20 wt .-%,> 30 wt .-% or even> 40 wt .-%. The resulting products can thus e.g. a total surfactant content of> 16% by weight to 60% by weight or e.g. from> 4% by weight to 20% by weight or e.g. of> 40 wt .-% to 70 wt .-% have.

In the context of the present invention, preferred process end products (ie melt granules or the solidified melts) may contain, in addition to or independent of the surfactants, one or more substances from the group of builders, bleaching agents, bleach activators, Enzymes, electrolytes, non-aqueous solvents, pH adjusters, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotopes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, antiredeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-shrinkage agents, crease inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors , Antistatic agents, ironing aids, repellents and impregnating agents, swelling and slipping agents and UV absorbers. These substances can be added to the process product via the melt and / or via the addition of solid detergent or cleaning agent ingredients (to the melt).

Particularly preferred are the builders. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the products which can be prepared according to the invention therefore have a builder content of at least 1% by weight, based on the total product according to the invention. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the builder content of the product according to the invention is 1-99% by weight, preferably 1-95% by weight, advantageously 5-90% by weight. even more advantageously 10-70% by weight, more advantageously 20-60% by weight, based on the total product according to the invention, in particular 25-50% by weight. However, according to another preferred embodiment, the lower limit of the builder content may also be given a value of e.g. preferably 2 wt .-%, 3 wt .-%, 4 wt .-%, 6 wt .-%, 7 wt .-%, 8 wt .-%, 9 wt .-%, 1 1 wt .-%, 12 wt .-%, 13 wt .-%, 14 wt .-%, 15 wt .-%, 16 wt .-%, 17 wt .-%, 18 wt .-%, 19 wt .-%, 21 wt %, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 26 wt%, 27 wt%, 28 wt%, 29 wt% or 30 wt%. %, in each case based on the entire product according to the invention. In particular, the lower limit may even be at still higher values, e.g. at a value of e.g. preferably 35 wt .-%, 40 wt .-%, 45 wt .-%, 50 wt .-%, 55 wt .-% or 60 wt .-%, each based on the total product according to the invention.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the upper limit of the builder content at a value of, for example, preferably 50% by weight, 51% by weight, 52% by weight, 53% by weight, 54% by weight, 55% by weight. %, 56 wt%, 57 wt%, 58 wt%, 59 wt%, 60 wt%, 61 wt%, 62 wt%, 63 wt%, 64 wt .-%, 65 wt .-%, 66 wt .-%, 67 wt .-%, 68 wt .-%, 69 wt .-%, 70 wt .-%, 71 wt .-%, 72 wt %, 73 wt%, 74 wt%, 75 wt%, 76 wt%, 77 wt%, 78 wt%, 79 wt%, 80 wt% %, 81 wt%, 82 wt%, 83 wt%, 84 wt%, 85 wt%, 86 wt%, 87 wt%, 88 wt%, 89 wt .-%, 90 wt .-%, 91 wt .-%, 92 wt .-%, 93 wt .-%, 94 wt .-% or 95 wt .-%, each based on the total product according to the invention , The upper limit may in particular also be lower values, for example at a value of preferably 45% by weight, 40% by weight, 35% by weight, 30% by weight or 25% by weight or even only at one Value of 20 wt .-%, 15 wt .-% or 10 wt .-%, each based on the total product according to the invention. Thus, for example, a builder content of 21% by weight to 68% by weight is possible, to give just one example. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, each individual process product which can be produced according to the invention (for example in the form of a pellet, prill, troche etc.) contains a complete detergent or cleaning agent formulation, advantageously with the exception of the enzymes, the foam inhibitor granules and the bleaching agents, in particular percarbonate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the process products which can be prepared according to the invention have a content of at least 0.5% by weight, based on the total process product according to the invention, of sodium citrate.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the process products according to the invention have a content of at least 1 wt .-%, based on the total inventive process product, of polycarboxylates (polymer and / or copolymer).

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the process products which can be prepared according to the invention have a perfume content of at least 0.05% by weight, based on the total process product according to the invention. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the perfume content of the process product according to the invention 0.1-30 wt .-%, preferably 1-25 wt .-%, advantageously 5-22 wt .-%, in particular 10-20 wt .-%.

According to a preferred embodiment, in the process according to the invention, enzymes and bleaching components are added to the obtained melt granules.

The process products of the invention may also be wholly or partially coated. In a preferred embodiment, the (optional) coating comprises colored substances or dyes, brighteners and / or pigments, advantageously in the nanoscale range or in the micrometer range, preferably white pigments, in particular selected from titanium dioxide pigments, in particular anatase pigments and / or Rutile pigments, zinc sulfide pigments, zinc oxide (zinc white), antimony trioxide (antimony white), basic lead carbonate (lead white) 2PbCO ₃ Pb (OH) ₂ , lithopone ZnS + BaSO ₄ . Preferably, white auxiliaries, such as preferably calcium carbonate, talc 3MgO ^■ 4SiO ₂ ^■ H ₂ O and / or barium sulfate may be included.

In another preferred embodiment, the pigments may be um

(a) colored pigments (preferably inorganic colored pigments, in particular iron oxide pigments, chromate pigments, iron blue pigments, chromium oxide pigments, ultramarine pigments, mixed oxide phase pigments and / or bismuth vanadate pigments),

(b) black pigments (eg aniline black, perylene black, iron oxide pigments, manganese black and / or spinel black), (c) luster pigments (preferably platelet-shaped effect pigments, metallic effect pigments such as aluminum pigments (silver bronze), copper pigments and copper / zinc pigments (gold bronze) and zinc pigments, pearlescent pigments such as magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, lithium stearate or ethylene glycol distearate or Polyethylene terephthalate, interference pigments such as metal oxide mica pigments) and / or

(d) luminescent pigments such as e.g. Azomethine fluorescence yellow, silver-doped and / or copper-doped zinc sulfide pigments act.

The (optional) coating may preferably also comprise the following substances:

(a) carbonates, such as preferably chalk, limestone, calcite and / or precipitated calcium carbonate, dolomite and / or barium carbonate

(b) sulphates, such as preferably barite, blanc-fixed and / or calcium sulphates

(c) silicates, such as preferably talc, pyrophyllite, chlorite, hornblende, mica, kaolin wollastonite, slate, precipitated Ca, Al, Ca / Al, Na / Al silicates, feldspars and / or minerals

(d) silicas such as, preferably, quartz, fused silica, cristobalite, diatomaceous earth, Neuburg Siliceous Earth, precipitated silica, fumed silica, glass flour, pumice, perlite, Ca-metasilicates and / or fibers from melts of glass, basalt, slags

(E) oxides, in particular aluminum hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide

(F) organic fibers, such as in particular textile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyamide fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers and / or polyester fibers, preferably with lengths in the nanometer or micrometer range and / or

(g) flours, e.g. Starch flours.

Products according to the invention, which are coated with a thermoplastic, such as preferably PEG, PVA, polyacrylates, PVP, carbohydrates, polyesters, preferably PET, constitute a preferred embodiment of the invention.

For the optional coating according to the invention, it is also possible to use all other coating agents not mentioned here. Coating agents are e.g. Substances which, for example, give the outer surface of the object to be coated (coating) a shiny appearance and / or form a coating (an envelope) on the outer surface. As coating agent, solid and / or liquid substances may be used, preferably those which prevent or delay moisture penetration or prevent or delay flavor loss.

Suitable coating agents may include, for example, water-soluble, water-dispersible and / or water-insoluble (co) polymers. The optional coating layer as such may, for example, be water-soluble or water-insoluble. Water-soluble polymers contain a sufficient number of hydrophilic groups for water solubility and are advantageously not crosslinked. The hydrophilic groups may be nonionic, anionic, cationic or zwitterionic, for example, -NH _2, -OH, -SH, - O-, -COOH, -COO-M ^+, - S03 ^~ M ^+, -PO ₃ ^2- M ^{2 +} , -NH ₃ ⁺ ,

The individual polymers may simultaneously contain different hydrophilic groups, e.g. ionic and nonionic and / or anionic besides cationic groups.

Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. natural polysaccharides and / or polypeptides, e.g. Starch, alginates, pectins, vegetable gums, caseins, gelatin, etc.

Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. semi-synthetic polymers, e.g.

Cellulose ether or starch ether.

Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. biotechnologically produced products, e.g.

Pullulan, curdlan or xanthan be.

Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. synthetic polymers, e.g. Homo- and / or

Copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and its derivatives, the maleic, vinylsulfone,

Vinylphosphonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylenimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the like. be.

Preferred coating compositions contain water-soluble (co) polymer, in particular with one

Melting or softening point in the range of 48 ° C to 300 ⁰ C, advantageously in the range of 48 ° C to 200 ⁰ C, in a further advantageous manner in the range of 48 ° C to 200 ⁰ C.

Suitable water-soluble (co) polymer having a corresponding melting or softening point can advantageously be selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols,

Polyethylene terephthalates, polyvinyl alcohols and mixtures thereof can be selected.

The optional coating (coating) may comprise, in addition to the actual coating agent or else independently thereof, further constituents, e.g. advantageously textile softening compounds and / or perfume.

It is also possible to coat the particles several times, for example by first surrounding the particles with a first coating, eg containing a textile-softening compound, and subsequently providing the resulting object with a further coating, eg containing water-soluble polymer and perfume , According to a preferred embodiment, the optional coating contains lipids and / or

Silicone oils.

Preferred lipids are

(a) lipophilic hydrocarbons (such as triacontane, squalene or carotenoids, etc.),

(b) lipophilic alcohols (such as wax alcohols, retinol or cholesterol, etc.),

(c) ether lipids

(d) lipophilic carboxylic acids (fatty acids),

(e) lipophilic esters [such as neutral fats - i. Mono-, Di- u. Triacylglycerols (triglycerides), sterol esters, etc.]

(f) lipophilic amides (such as ceramides, etc.),

(g) waxes

(h) lipids with more than 2 hydrolysis products, e.g. Glycolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and / or glycerolipids etc. (i) lipids in the form of higher molecular weight conjugates with more than 2 hydrolysis products, e.g.

Lipoproteins and / or lipopolysaccharides, etc., (j) phosphorus-free glycolipids, e.g. Glycosphingolipids (such as, preferably, cerebrosides,

Gangliosides, sulphatides) or as e.g. Glycoglycerolipids (preferably glycosyl di- and monoglycerides), etc. (k) carbohydrate-free phospholipids, e.g. Sphingophospholipids (such as preferably sphingo- myelins) or e.g. Glycerophospholipids (such as preferably lecithins, cephalins, cardiolipins, phosphatidylinositols and inositol phosphates etc.) (I) Mixtures of the abovementioned.

The bulk density of the process end products according to the invention can be variably adjusted via the process according to the invention. In a bulk density of the product according to the invention in the range of 200-1500 g / l, a preferred embodiment of the invention is also present. The lower limit for the bulk density may also be at a value of preferably 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 or even 750 g / L. It is also possible that the lower limit is even higher, e.g. at 800g / L. With the method, the bulk densities in the range of 520 to 620 g / l can be easily adjusted.

The upper limit for the bulk density may be at a value of preferably 1450, 1400, 1350, 1300, 1250, 1200, 1150, 1100, 1050, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800 or 750 g / L.

It is also possible that the upper limit is even lower, for example at a value of preferably 700, 650, 600, 550 or 500 g / L. The process products according to the invention may advantageously have particle sizes d _{50 of} from 0.2 to 10 mm, preferably from 0.6 to 7.5 mm and in particular from 0.8 to 2 mm.

Another object of the invention is a detergent or cleaning agent containing producible products according to the invention, in particular a detergent containing care components.

The term detergents or cleaning agents also includes all textile pretreatment agents, post-treatment agents, treatment agents, conditioners, softeners and fabric softeners.

In particular, it is therefore advantageous if the resulting product swellable phyllosilicates, eg. In amounts of from 0.1 to 50% by weight, preferably from 1 to 40% by weight, advantageously from 2 to 30% by weight, in particular from 4.20% by weight, preferably montmorillonites, in particular bentonite, further advantageously further comprising from 0.005% to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the layered silicate, of a polymeric clay flocculating agent (preferably polymers having a weight average molecular weight of from 150,000 to 5 million, the polymer being monomers derived, which are selected from ethylene oxide, acrylamide and acrylic acid, in particular high molecular weight polyethylene oxide).

Another object of the invention is a detergent containing products according to the invention producible, preferably dishwashing detergent, containing

(A) cleaning component containing, for example, surfactants such as preferably alkanesulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl polyglucosides and / or cocoamidopropyl betaine

(b) Rinse aid component containing, for example, nonionic surfactants, preferably on a fatty alcohol basis, in particular with additions of lower alcohols as solubilizers and advantageously of citric acid

(c) softening component containing, for example, phosphonate, polycarboxylate, sodium gluconate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and / or aluminosilicates (zeolites)

(d) Optional: other ingredients such as preferably silver / glass protection component.

As already described, the products according to the invention can optionally be coated. According to a further preferred embodiment, the optional coating of the products which can be prepared according to the invention is pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength-sensitive or contains pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength-sensitive materials. By the term pH sensitivity, temperature sensitivity and / or ionic strength sensitivity is meant that the optional coating (s) forming the coating upon changing the pH, temperature and / or ionic strength in the medium to which the coating is exposed (eg a wash liquor),

(a) undergoes a change (increase or decrease) in solubility (preferably in water); and or

(b) undergoes a change (increase or decrease) in diffusion density; and or

(c) undergoes a change (acceleration or deceleration) in the solution kinetics; and or

(d) undergoes a change (increase or decrease) in mechanical stability.

In addition to the options (a) to (d) mentioned above, the temperature sensitivity also has the additional option (e) according to which the coating or the materials forming the coating change the physical state from solid to liquid when the temperature changes or vice versa, ie the materials melt or solidify.

For this purpose, suitable coating materials for the purposes of the invention may be all those materials whose integrity is a function of the temperature and / or the pH and / or the ionic strength, or also those materials which are subject to mechanical stress as described e.g. occur during an automatic laundry process, lose their integrity. Advantageously, the pH sensitivity of the (optional) coating can be used. The (optional) coating may e.g. be designed so that it dissolves in whole or in part if the pH falls below a critical mark. This can be done in the example of a washing process when the alkaline wash water is removed from the machine and fresh water introduced into the machine, preferably in the rinse cycle of the washing process. Upon contact with the fresh water, the coating then loses all or part of its integrity and thus makes the product penetratable to the water. The pH in question, in which the coating completely or partially disintegrated, can be set arbitrarily, so that the material, for example, then its integrity completely or partially loses when the pH z. B. falls below 9.0, but remains substantially inert, as long as the pH is above 10, 0.

The term "inert" is understood according to the invention in the usual sense, ie in such a way that a physical or chemical reaction of the material of the coating with the surrounding environment does not occur substantially, but the material of the coating is physically and chemically resistant to this, so that the product against penetration through the environment, eg the wash liquor is substantially protected.

According to a preferred embodiment, the optionally coated, inventive products (especially those which pH, ionic strength and / or temperature-sensitive materials contained) floatable in water, ie do not submerge in water or in a wash, but float on the water surface.

In order to make the products floating, it is preferable to adjust their density to values less than 1 g / cm ³ , if necessary. There is a wide range of options available. For example, gases, in particular air, can be incorporated into the products. Optionally, the process products per se have a correspondingly low density, so that the additional incorporation of, for example, gases is not necessary, which is likewise preferred.

It is likewise preferred to incorporate solids, preferably support materials having a density of less than 1 g / cm ³ into the product, the supports being substances which are solid at room temperature, preferably builders, carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates, phosphates and / or at room temperature solid oligocarboxylic acids.

To set a density of less than 1 g / cm ³ , preferably hollow microspheres, ie very voluminous lightweight fillers, can be incorporated into the process products. The hollow microspheres are filled, for example with air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide, the spherical shells consist for example of glass (eg borosilicate glass) or in particular of organic materials, for example of a thermoplastic (eg styrene / acrylate polymer, polyacrylate). They may also be filled with other convenient materials such as vegetable oils (eg almond oil, density about 0.91-0.92 g / cm ³ ). The density of the hollow microspheres is preferably <1 g / cm ³ , preferably 0.176-0.9 g / cm ³ or 0.176-0.8 g / cm ³ or 0.176-0.7 g / cm ³ or 0.176-0.6 g / cm ³ or 0.176-0.5 g / cm ³ or 0.176-0.4 g / cm ³ . The average particle diameter is preferably in the range of 0.4-10 μm. Grain upper limits are preferably 0.4-250 microns. The thermal conductivity is preferably 0.110-0.156 Wm-1 K-1. The internal pressure is preferably about 0.2 bar. At higher shear stress, the hollow spherical shells may preferably burst. In particular, the polyacrylate hollow microspheres are preferably incorporated as an aqueous suspension. To set a density of less than 1 g / cm ³ , cork flour, for example, can also be incorporated into the process product. Due to its low density of 0.12-0.25 g / cm ^{3 it} is ideally suited for this purpose. Cork meal is preferably made by crushing and then screening or sifting cork waste.

According to a preferred embodiment, the product according to the invention contains ingredients for cleaning, care, conditioning and / or aftertreatment of textiles.

According to a preferred embodiment, the product according to the invention contains ingredients for cleaning and / or care of dishes, glasses, cutlery and the like.

In a further preferred embodiment, the product according to the invention contains one or more skin-care and / or skin-protecting and / or skin-healing active substances. It may be preferred that the detergent or cleaning agent content to be melted contains at least one skin-care and / or skin-protecting active and / or at least one skin-care and / or skin-protecting active substance is mixed with the melt.

In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention is characterized in that fabric-softening ingredients, preferably comprising polysiloxanes, textile-softening clays, preferably bentonite and / or cationic polymers, are mixed with the melt.

In a preferred embodiment, the compositions according to the invention are characterized in that the skin-care and / or skin-protecting and / or skin-healing active ingredients which are released during the washing process, preferably in the rinse cycle, at least partially pass over to the fibers of the textile laundry and onto these even after completion of the washing process at least partially remain, said skin-care and / or skin-protecting and / or skin-healing active ingredients are given on contact of the skin with a correspondingly washed textile at least partially from this to the skin and thereby can benefit the skin to the advantage.

Skin-care active substances are all those active substances which give the skin a sensory and / or cosmetic advantage. Skin-care active substances are preferably selected from the following substances: a) waxes such as, for example, carnauba, spermaceti, beeswax, lanolin and / or derivatives thereof and others. b) Hydrophobic plant extracts c) Hydrocarbons such as squalene and / or squalanes d) Higher fatty acids, preferably those having at least 12 carbon atoms, for example lauric acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, isostearic acid and / or polyunsaturated fatty acids and other. e) Higher fatty alcohols, preferably those having at least 12 carbon atoms, for example, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, cholesterol and / or 2-hexadecanol and others. f) esters, preferably such as cetyloctanoates, lauryl lactates, myristyl lactates, cetyl lactates, isopropyl myristates, myristyl myristates, isopropyl palmitates, isopropyl adipates, butyl stearates, decyl oleates, cholesterol stearates, glycerol monostearates, glycerol distearates, glycerol tristearates, alkyl lactates, alkyl citrates and / or alkyl tartrates and others. g) lipids such as cholesterol, ceramides and / or sucrose esters and others. h) vitamins such as vitamins A and E, vitamin C esters, including vitamin C alkyl esters and others. i) Sunscreens j) Phospholipids k) Derivatives of alpha-hydroxy acids

I) fragrances m) germicides for cosmetic use, both synthetic and, for example, salicylic acid and / or other natural as well as neem oil and / or other, n) silicones and mixtures of any of the aforementioned components.

In a preferred embodiment, the products according to the invention contain both skin-care and / or skin-protecting and / or skin-healing active substances and also textile-softening quaternary ammonium compounds, preferably esterquats. Skin-protecting and / or skin-healing active substances are active substances which give the skin an advantage which goes beyond a mere sensory and / or cosmetic advantage. The term skin healing or the skin-healing attribute in the context of this invention is most easily defined by the state of healthy human skin. Healthy human skin is characterized by its intact acid mantle providing sufficient protection against microorganisms, germs and pathogens, its buffering capacity and alkali neutralizing capacity being sufficient to ward off the harmful effects of surrounding fluids, providing a high degree of freedom from redness, and that there is freedom from skin damage such as cuts, abrasions and burns, irritation, inflammation and allergies, and that it is neither cracked nor dried out. Furthermore, healthy skin is characterized by the fact that it takes on a depot function for fat, water and blood and plays an important role in the metabolism. If the skin is unable o.g. To take over functions or shows them obvious damage or itching from the skin, it is no longer considered to be healthy. Skin healing in the context of the present invention is now all that helps the skin to return to its original state. It is also all skin-healing, which stimulates, trains, supports and promotes the self-regulating powers of the skin, so that it is able to perform its functions, by returning to the natural state of equilibrium. Further, the term skin healing in the context of this invention, all influences are understood that lead to obvious skin diseases such as eczema, rashes, redness, itching, swelling, blisters, oozing, crusts in various forms, at least alleviated, if not cured ,

The term "skin protection", in turn, is understood to mean all that is necessary to maintain the normal performance of the skin with regard to its functions under specific stress situations and goes beyond its own protective mechanisms. Thus, this term differs significantly from the skin care, because the skin care achieved only a cosmetic benefit in terms of sensory needs such as Softness or shine under normal conditions. The skin protection, however, supports the skin with additional agents that help the skin, for example, even in adverse conditions, to fulfill their multifaceted functions. Such adverse conditions may include, for example, friction, cold, heat, UV radiation, aggressive environmental fluids, contact with skin-irritating materials. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the skin-healing and / or skin-protecting active substances contained in the optionally coated, process products prepared according to the invention is antiseptic or contains at least one antiseptic substance, wherein the antiseptic substance is preferably an oil, in particular an essential oil is.

In the context of this invention, the attribute of antiseptic efficacy means an effect that is beneficial to the self-regulating forces of human skin. This efficacy is not in its expression with that of classical germicidal or germicidal agents such. Phenols, halogens, alcohols containing e.g. Skin and Mucous wounds or even medical instruments are treated to achieve asepsis (germ-free) compare.

The classical antiseptic includes antimicrobial measures at the point of origin or at the portal of entry of a possible infection or at the site of infection on the body surface. However, such strong effectiveness is not sought in the context of the invention, as it undoubtedly o.a. to eliminate harmful germs. would also affect the natural skin flora of humans.

The particular advantage of the antiseptic active substances which can be used according to the invention results from a synergistic interaction of these substances with the general functional mechanisms of human skin, since these substances have a mildly antiseptic action, eg. B. germs, including harmful germs reduce, but not perfect, so to sterility, destroy. So there are enough germs on the skin that are sufficient to train and strengthen the self-regulating powers of human skin. The interaction of the self-regulating forces of the skin with the antiseptic capacity of the active ingredients in the middle of the skin supports the general functioning of the skin. This is of great advantage, especially with regard to already irritated and / or otherwise damaged skin. In already irritated and / or sensitized and / or otherwise damaged or even particularly sensitive skin, the self-regulatory powers of the skin are sometimes no longer able, even temporarily, to ensure skin health on their own. In synergistic interaction with the agents according to the invention and their use according to the invention, these self-regulating forces are supported, trained and strengthened. In this way, the detergent according to the invention or the laundry treated with it supports the natural skin flora of humans.

In order not to impair the natural skin flora of humans, it may be advantageous to exclude (largely) those substances which, although strongly disinfecting or antiseptic are effective, such as glutaraldehyde, but at the same time hold a high allergenic potential and are irritating to the skin and mucous membranes.

Unexpectedly, optionally coated, inventive process products of such an embodiment are particularly useful for their purpose when the antiseptic agent is an oil, preferably an essential oil.

This antiseptic oil is preferably an essential oil selected in particular from the group of Angelica fine - Angelica archangelica, Anis - Pimpinella anisum, Benzoin siam - Styrax tokinensis, Cabreuva - Myrocarpus fastigiatus, Cajeput - Melaleuca leucadendron, Cistrose - Cistrus ladaniferus, Copaiba balm - Copaifera reticulata, Costus root - Saussurea discolor, Edeltann needle - Abies alba, Elemi - Canarium luzonicum, Fennel - Foeniculum dulce Spruce needle - Picea abies, Geranium - Pelargonium graveolens, Ho leaves - Cinnamonum camphora, Immortelle (Strawflower) Helichrysum ang., Ginger extra - Zingiber off., St. John's wort - Hypericum perforatum, Jojoba, German chamomile - Matricaria recutita, Chamomile blue fine - Matricaria chamomilla, Chamomile rom. - Anthemis nobilis, Chamomile wild - Ormensis multicaulis, Carrot - Daucus carota, Mountain pine - Pinus mugho, Lavandin - Lavendula hybrida, Litsea cubeba - (May Chang), Manuka - Leptosper mum scoparium, Melissa - Melissa officinalis, Sea pine - Pinus pinaster ,, Myrrh - Commiphora molmol, Myrtle - Myrtus communis, Neem - Azadirachta, Niaouli - (MQV) Melaleuca quin, viridiflora, Palmarosa - Cymbopogom martini, Patchouli - Pogostemon patchouli, Peru balsam Myroxylon balsamum var. Pereirae, Raventsara aromatica, Rosewood - Aniba pink odora, Sage - Salvia officinalis Horsetail - Equisetaceae, yarrow extra - Achillea millefolia, plantain lanceolate - Plantago lanceolata, Styrax - Liquidambar orientalis, Tagetes (Marigold) Tagetes patula, Tea Tree - Melaleuca alternifolia , Tolu balsam - Myroxylon balsamum L., Virginia cedar - Juniperus virgi- niana, Frankincense (Olibanum) - Boswellia carteri, Silver fir - Abies alba.

Another advantage of the aforementioned essential oils lies in their particular multifunctionality, which, in addition to the described mild antiseptic activity, results from a large number of other desirable organoleptic properties attributable to these oils. These oils are in most cases given an expectorant effect because they exert on the mucous membranes of the respiratory organs a mild, positive stimulus. Furthermore, a desirable feeling of warmth can be established. Deodorant, analgesic, circulation-promoting, calming effects could be observed in connection with the use according to the invention of these designated oils and be recognized as particularly advantageous. The organoleptic properties of these oils are usually not influenced by the main components, but by the minor or trace constituents, which can often go into the hundreds and sometimes interact synergistically. Another advantage associated with these oils is their harmonizing fragrance and scent, which in many cases leads to positive feelings in people. In this way, for example, supports a corresponding detergent or laundry washed with this not only the natural skin flora of man, but helps the human body to additional benefits just described type. Against this background, especially the tea tree oil is of great advantage for the subject invention. In addition to its considerable germicidal, antiseptic, fungicidal, antiviral, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, scarring-promoting effect, it has excellent skin tolerance and offers a wide range of other applications, for example with regard to the supportive treatment of colds or diseases of the rheumatic type, gout, muscle pain.

In a preferred embodiment, the skin-protecting active ingredients contained in the optionally coated, process products which can be prepared according to the invention are a skin-protecting oil. The skin-protecting substance is advantageously a skin-protecting oil, e.g. also to a carrier oil, in particular selected from the group algae oil Oleum Phaeophyceae, Aloe vera oil Aloe vera brasiliana, apricot kernel oil Prunus armeniaca, arnica montana Arnica, Avocado oil Persea americana, borage oil Borago officinalis, calendula oil Calendula officinalis, Camellia oil Camellia oleifera, thistle oil Carthamus tinctorius, peanut oil Arachis hypogaea, hemp oil Cannabis sativa, hazelnut oil Corylus avellana, hypericum perforatum, jojoba oil Simondsia chinensis, caraway oil Daucus carota, coconut oil Cocos nucifera, pumpkin seed oil Curcubita pepo, kukui nut oil Aleurites moluccana, macadamia nut oil Macadamia ternifolia, almond oil Prunus dulcis, olive oil Olea europaea, pear kernel oil Prunus persica, rapeseed oil Brassica oleifera, castor oil Ricinus communis, black seed oil Nigella sativa, sesame seed oil Sesamium indicum, sunflower seed oil Helianthus annus, grape seed oil Vitis vinifera, walnut oil Juglans regia, wheat germ oil Triticum sativum, from di In particular, borage oil, hemp oil and almond oil are advantageous. All of the oils just listed are natural emollients, i. Means that soften and soften body tissues and reduce the roughness of the skin. So these oils have a skin conditioning effect. On the other hand, it is precisely these oils which have further specific effects which result in a synergistic interaction with the skin and its self-regulating forces and also enable protection under adverse conditions.

A particularly preferred oil in the context of this invention is, for example, the hemp oil. Hemp oil, which contains a high proportion of essential fatty acids and also contains up to 6% by weight of valuable γ-linolenic acid (GLA), also has an anti-inflammatory, slightly analgesic, healing, nourishing, skin structure improving, preventing the appearance of old age. It improves tissue regeneration processes and has a high regenerative effect on injured tissue. In addition, it may increase the care properties or other properties of other oils in particular of all oils explicitly mentioned here. Since essential fatty acids play a key role in maintaining the barrier function of the skin, because they help the transepider- In order to regulate and normalize water loss via the skin, hemp oil can play a special role in the context of this invention as a consequence of its high GLA content, since disturbed transepidermal water loss causes local treatment with GLA to lead to the greatest reduction in transepidermal water loss. Furthermore, hemp oil has further positive effects on the human organism in terms of arteriosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy to heart problems. Another preferred oil for the purposes of this invention is the borage oil.

Due to its high GLA content (up to 25% by weight) it has comparable properties and advantages to hemp oil.

In a preferred embodiment, the agents according to the invention contain skin-healing active substances which have a minimum content of 0.1% by weight of GLA, preferably of 0.3% by weight, more preferably of 0.5% by weight, based on the respective active substance. These include, for example, black cumin oil, Echiumöl, Trichodesmaöl, evening primrose oil and the blackcurrant seed oil.

Another preferred oil is almond oil. It is characterized by the fact that it can enhance the action of other oils, which is why it is advantageously used in combination with other oils.

According to a further embodiment of the invention it is advantageous to combine different oils in the process products according to the invention, i. So to combine the antiseptic effective with the skin-protecting or even to combine the antiseptic and the skin-protecting one another.

In a preferred embodiment, the inventive process products contain at least 1 wt .-%, preferably at least 5 wt .-%, more preferably at least 10 wt .-%, most preferably at least 15 wt .-% of one or more skin-protecting and / or skin-healing active substances or oils or essential oils, it being even more advantageous if even at least 20 wt .-%, especially even more than 25 wt .-%, even better than 30 wt .-% of one or more skin-protecting and / or skin-healing active substances or oils or essential oils are contained, in each case based on the entire process product according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the products obtainable according to the invention additionally comprise urea and / or lactic acid and / or citric acid and / or salts thereof. Urea promotes skin health by providing anti-microbial, water-binding, anti-itching, dandruff-releasing, skin-smoothing, and inhibiting excessive cell growth. Furthermore, it can serve the skin as a moisturizing factor, ie it can help the skin to retain moisture.

Lactic acid and / or citric acid and / or their salts are used inter alia. to support or renew the natural acid mantle or hydrolipid film of the skin. The hydrolipidic film of the skin is attacked or destroyed by alkaline influences, resulting in a loss of the barrier function of the skin, so that microorganisms or pollutants can more easily penetrate into the skin. By virtue of the preferably contained lactic and / or citric acid in the agents according to the invention, e.g. Remove residual alkali from clothing and adjust the pH of the textiles to a pH range around 5. The additional lactic acid, which is already part of the epidermis, has an additional stabilizing effect on the acidic pH of the skin (pH approx. 5.2) and serves as a moisturizing factor, since it can improve the water binding ability of the skin. Furthermore, the lactic acid smoothes the skin and supports the detachment of dander.

In addition to the special moisturizing factors mentioned, in a preferred embodiment, and independently of the aforementioned moisturizing factors, the inventive compositions may contain other moisturizing factors, for example those selected from the following group: amino acids, chitosan or chitosan salts / derivatives, ethylene glycol, glucosamine, Glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, uric acid, honey and hardened honey, creatinine, cleavage products of collagen, lactitol, polyols and polyol derivatives (for example butylene glycol, erythritol, propylene glycol, 1, 2,6-hexanetriol, polyethylene glycols such as PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-7, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10, PEG-12, PEG-14, PEG-16, PEG-18, PEG-20), pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, sugars and sugar derivatives (for example, fructose, glucose, Maltose, maltitol, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, sorbitylsilanediol, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, xylitol, isomalt, glucuronic acid and their salts), ethoxylated sorbitol (sorbeth-6, sorbeth-20, sorbeth-3 0, sorbeth-40), hardened starch hydrolysates and mixtures of hardened wheat protein and PEG-20 acetate copolymer, in particular panthenol. The abovementioned moisturizing factors can advantageously be added to the melt in the process according to the invention, or they can themselves be melted. Advantageously, the inventive process products 1-80 wt .-%, preferably 5-60 wt .-%, in particular 10-30 wt .-% of the aforementioned moisturizing factors.

Based on the polyethylene glycols, both liquid polyethylene glycols having molecular weights of preferably <about 25,000 g / mol can be used in the process according to the invention, but also or in addition the higher molecular weight, solid polyethylene glycols, for example with Schmlezpunkten in the range of> 50 ⁰ C, eg about 65 ° C, be used. Advantageously, the process products according to the invention may contain 1-80% by weight, preferably 5-60% by weight, in particular 10-30% by weight, of polyethylene glycol.

In a preferred embodiment, the skin-protecting and / or skin-healing and / or skin-care active ingredients preferably present in the optionally prepared coated process products according to the invention are reversibly fixed to a polymeric carrier, preferably to a silicic acid ester, so that a delayed release of the skin-protecting and / or skin-healing active ingredients is possible.

The skin-healing and / or skin-protecting and / or skin-care active ingredients are thus z. B. reversibly fixed by adsorption on a polymeric carrier, optionally with the participation of surfactants, so that a delayed release of the healing active ingredients is possible. This is particularly advantageous because in this way an even longer-lasting effect can be achieved, which is especially useful for consumers with particularly irritated skin. The fact that the healing and / or protective and / or nourishing substances continuously over a longer period z. B. delivered in relatively low dosage to the skin, it is possible to intervene in a very gentle manner in the particularly sensitive balance of self-regulatory strong irritated skin supportive. The effect of the active ingredients is so mild that, in spite of their effectiveness, it does not overwhelm the already highly irritated skin.

Particularly preferred polymeric carriers belong to the class of silicic acid esters. However, it can also be any conceivable other carriers, with the only provisos that they allow delayed drug release and have as such no negative or irritating effect on the skin, provided they are used in the context of this invention.

The use of inventively producible, optionally coated, process products containing at least one skin-protecting and / or skin-healing active for the preparation of a medically active detergent for finishing textiles for the supportive treatment of irritated and / or sensitized and / or diseased human skin as well as for the prophylactic treatment of healthy skin a preferred embodiment of the invention.

The use of at least one skin-protecting and / or skin-healing active for producing a medically active additive in the form of inventively preparable, optionally coated, process products for detergents for finishing textiles for the supportive treatment of irritated and / or sensitized and / or diseased human skin and for prophylactic treatment healthy skin is a preferred Embodiment of the invention.

The invention also relates to the use of a detergent according to the invention which, optionally coated, has inventive process products in a laundry process or a mechanical washing process.

Although neither the method according to the invention nor the agent according to the invention is fundamentally restricted to the field of detergents and cleaning agents, such agents and / or methods represent particularly preferred embodiments of the invention. Therefore, the following will focus in more detail on possible ingredients of process products to be prepared according to the invention (in particular Wasch - and / or detergent) received.

The constituents contained in the process products (melt granules) to be produced according to the invention are preferably selected from the group comprising surfactants, fragrances, dyes, builders, pH adjusters, bleaches, bleach activators, enzymes, electrolytes, non-aqueous solvents, stain-repellents, optical brighteners , Grayness inhibitors, disintegrants, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotopes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, antiredeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, shrinkage inhibitors, anti-crease agents, dye transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic agents, ironing aids, phobizers and impregnating, swelling and slipping agents, UV absorbers, customary ingredients and / or mixtures thereof.

Furthermore, all other detergents and / or cleaning agent ingredients known to those skilled in the art, which are not explicitly mentioned here, may be constituents of the process products to be prepared according to the invention in the customary amounts.

A further subject of the invention in this context are melt granules for detergents or cleaners, obtainable by a process according to the invention, in the form of platelets or rods with a geometric length: width: thickness ratio in the range of 1: 0.1-1: <0.1 0005.

Another object of the invention in this context are melt granules for detergents or cleaners, obtainable by a process according to the invention, in the form of cubes, cuboids, trapezoids, rings, tubes, cones, cylinders or stars, preferably with hole. Another object of the invention in this context are melt granules for detergents or cleaners, obtainable by a process according to the invention, in the form of spheres having an average form factor of> 0.84, in particular> 0.86, preferably> 0.88.

The shape factor in the sense of the present invention can be precisely determined by modern particle-measuring techniques with digital image processing. In a typical particle shape analysis, such as with the Camsizer® system by Retsch Technology or with the KeSizer® Kemira is feasible, based on the fact that the particles or the bulk material are irradiated with a light source and detects the particles as projection surfaces , digitized and processed by computer technology. The determination of the surface curvature is carried out by an optical measuring method in which the "shadow" of the parts to be examined is determined and converted into a corresponding form factor. The underlying principle for determining the shape factor has been described, for example, by Gordon Rittenhouse in "A Visual Method of Estimating Two-dimensional Sphericity" in the Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 79-81.

The measurement limits of this optical analysis method are 15 μm and 90 mm, respectively. The numerical values for d ₅₀ and d ₉₀ are also available via the aforementioned measuring method.

A further subject of the invention in this context are melt granules for detergents or cleaners, obtainable by a process according to the invention, which carry characters, letters or symbols as an elevation or as a depression.

The melt granules can be provided with long-lasting fragrances, of course dyed in any color and shining on the surface.

If in the following the invention refers to detergents or cleaning agents or agents according to the invention, this refers to the process end products according to the invention (melt granules).

Some of the washing and / or cleaning agent components which are particularly suitable according to the invention will be explained in greater detail below. These constituents may be present in the process products according to the invention themselves and / or also in corresponding admixtures which may optionally be added to the process products according to the invention if required or desired, for example in order to obtain an even more complete washing and / or cleaning agent. All of the ingredients listed below are purely optional but may preferably be included. However, nonionic surfactant is included in the invention. Anionic surfactants may preferably be present in the detergents or cleaners according to the invention. As anionic surfactants, for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used. Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C ₉ _ ₁₃ alkyl benzene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates, and the disulfonates obtained, for example from C | _{_2-18} monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates, which from C | _{_2-18} alkanes are obtained for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Similarly, the esters of α-sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example, the α-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or Taigfettsäuren are suitable.

Further suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters. Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 mol fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 mol Glycerol can be obtained. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. Of washing technology interest, the C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates can be obtained under the name DAN ^® as commercial products from Shell Oil Company, are suitable anionic surfactants.

Also, the sulfuric acid monoesters of straight-chain or branched C ₇ ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide. ₂₁ -alcohols, such as 2-methyl-branched C ₉ _n-alcohols having an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C ₁₂ . ₁₈ fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are preferably used only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight, in detergents in particular. The agents according to the invention may preferably be free of sulfuric acid monoester.

Another class of anionic surfactants is by reacting fatty alcohol ethoxylates with Sodium chloroacetate in the presence of basic catalysts accessible class of

Ether. They have the general formula: R ¹⁰ O- (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) _P -CH ₂ -COOH with

R ¹⁰ = C ₁ -C ₁₈ and p = 0.1 to 20. Ethercarboxylic acids are water hardness insensitive and have excellent surfactant properties.

Suitable anionic surfactants are, for example, the partial esters of di- or polyhydroxyalkanes, mono- and disaccharides, polyethylene glycols with the ene-adducts of maleic anhydride to at least monounsaturated carboxylic acids having a chain length of 10 to 25 carbon atoms with an acid number of 10 to 140.

In addition to an unbranched or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic, acyclic or cyclic, optionally alkoxylated alkyl radical, preferred anionic surfactants have 4 to 28, preferably 6 to 20, in particular 8 to 18, particularly preferably 10 to 16, most preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, two or more anionic, in particular two, acid groups, preferably carboxylate, sulfonate and / or sulfate groups, in particular a carboxylate and a sulfate group on. Examples of these compounds are the sulfo fatty acid salts, the acyl glutamates, the monoglyceride disulfates and the alkyl ethers of glyceryl disulfate, and in particular the monoester sulfosuccinates described below.

Particularly preferred anionic surfactants are the sulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinamates and sulfosuccinamides, especially sulfosuccinates and sulfosuccinamates, most preferably sulfosuccinates. The sulfosuccinates are the salts of the mono- and di-esters of hydrochloric acid HOOCCH (SO ₃ H) CH ₂ COOH, while the sulfosuccinamates include the salts of the monoamides of sulfosuccinic acid and the sulfosuccinamides the salts of diamides of sulfosuccinic acid.

The salts are preferably alkali metal salts, ammonium salts and mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium salts, for example mono-, di- or triethanolammonium salts, in particular lithium, sodium, potassium or ammonium salts, particularly preferably sodium or ammonium salts preferably sodium salts.

In the sulfosuccinates, one or both carboxyl groups of the sulfosuccinic acid is preferably with one or two identical or different unbranched or branched, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, optionally alkoxylated alcohols having 4 to 22, preferably 6 to 20, in particular 8 to 18 , more preferably 10 to 16, most preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms esterified. Particularly preferred are the esters of unbranched and / or saturated and / or acyclic and / or alkoxylated alcohols, in particular unbranched, saturated fatty alcohols and / or unbranched, saturated, with Ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, alkoxylated fatty alcohols having a degree of alkoxylation of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, especially 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6, most preferably 1 to 4. The monoesters are within the scope of the present invention preferred over the diesters. A particularly preferred sulfosuccinate is sulphonated bernsteinsäurelaurylpolyglykolester-di-sodium salt (lauryl EO sulfosuccinate, di-sodium salt; INCI Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate), the weight, for example as Tego ^® sulfosuccinate F 30 (Goldschmidt) with a sulfosuccinate 30 .-% is commercially available.

In the sulfosuccinamates or sulfosuccinamides, one or both form carboxyl groups of the sulfosuccinic acid preferably with a primary or secondary amine having one or two identical or different, unbranched or branched, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, optionally alkoxylated alkyl radicals having 4 to 22 , preferably 6 to 20, in particular 8 to 18, more preferably 10 to 16, most preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms carries, a carboxylic acid amide. Particular preference is given to unbranched and / or saturated and / or acyclic alkyl radicals, in particular unbranched, saturated fatty alkyl radicals.

Also suitable are, for example, the following sulfosuccinates and sulfosuccinamates designated according to INCI: ammonium dinonyl sulfosuccinates, ammonium lauryl sulfosuccinates, diammonium dimethicone copolyol sulfosuccinates, diammonium lauramido-MEA sulfosuccinates, diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinates, diammonium oleamido PEG-2 Sulfosuccinate, Diamyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Dicapryl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Dicyclohexyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Diheptyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Dihexyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Diisobutyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Cetearyl Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Cocamido MEA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Cocamido Glucoside Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Cocoyl Butyl Gluceth-10 sulfosuccinates, disodium C12-15 pareth sulfosuccinates, disodium deceth-5 sulfosuccinates, disodium deceth-6 sulfosuccinates, disodium dihydroxyethyl sulfosuccinyl-undecylenates, disodium dimet Hicone Copolyol Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Hydrogenated Cottonseed Glyceride Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Isodecyl Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Isostearamido MEA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Isostearamido MIPA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Isostearyl Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Laneth-5 Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Lauramido MEA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Lauramido PEG-2 Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Lauramido PEG-5 Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Laureth-6 Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Laureth-9 Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Laureth-12 Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Myristamido MEA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Nonoxynol-10 Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Oleamido MEA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Oleamido MIPA- Sulfosuccinates, disodium oleamido PEG-2 sulfosuccinates, disodium oleth-3 sulfosuccinates, disodium oleyl sulfosuccinates, disodium palmitamido PEG-2 sulfosuccinates, disodium palmitoleeamido PEG-2 sulfosuccinates, disodium PEG-4 cocamido MIPA sulfosuccinates, disodium PEG-5 lauryl citrate sulfosuccinates, disodium PEG-8 Pal m glycerides sulfosuccinates, Disodium Ricinoleamido MEA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Sitostereth-14 Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Stearamido MEA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Stearyl Sulfosuccinamate, Disodium Stearyl Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Tallamido MEA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Tallowamido MEA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Tallow Sulfosuccinamate, Disodium Tridecyl Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Undecylenamido MEA Sulfosucci -nate, Disodium Undecylenamido PEG-2 Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Wheat Germamido MEA Sulfosuccinate, Disodium Wheat Germamido PEG-2 Sulfosuccinate, Di-TEA-Oleamido PEG-2 Sulfosuccinate, Ditridecyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Sodium Bisglycol Ricinosulfosuccinate, Sodium / MEA Laureth- 2 sulfosuccinates and tetrasodium dicarboxyethyl stearyl sulfosuccinamate. Yet another suitable sulfosuccinamate is disodium C-ie-iβ-alkoxy-propylene sulfosuccinamate.

The content of the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention to anionic surfactants, preferably to said anionic surfactants, can vary within wide limits, depending on the purpose of the agent in question. Thus, an agent according to the invention can contain very large amounts of anionic surfactant, preferably up to an order of magnitude of up to 40, 50 or 60% by weight or more. Likewise, an agent according to the invention may contain only very small amounts of anionic surfactant, for example less than 15 or 10% by weight or less than 5% by weight or even less. However, anionic surfactants are advantageously present in the compositions according to the invention in amounts of 1 to 40% by weight and in particular 5 to 30% by weight, with concentrations above 10% by weight and even above 15% by weight finding particular preference , According to a preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention contains anionic surfactants, preferably in amounts of at least 0.1% by weight, based on the total washing or cleaning agent. According to another preferred embodiment, the agent of the invention is substantially free of anionic surfactant, thus advantageously contains <5 wt .-%, preferably <1 wt .-%, in particular no anionic surfactant.

In addition to the anionic surfactants mentioned, but also independently of these, soaps can be present in the detergents or cleaners according to the invention. Particularly suitable are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular of natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures. The content of the composition of soaps, independently of other anionic surfactants, is preferably not more than 3% by weight and in particular 0.5 to 2.5% by weight, based on the total agent. According to a preferred embodiment, the agent according to the invention is free of soap.

The anionic surfactants and soaps may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. Preferably, they are in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts. Anionic surfactants and soaps can also be prepared in situ by using the spray-drying composition, the anionic surfactant acids and optionally fatty acids are introduced, which are then neutralized by the alkali carriers in the spray-drying composition.

According to the invention, nonionic surfactants are present in the detergents or cleaners according to the invention. For example, their content may be up to 2 or 3 or 5 wt .-%. It may also contain greater amounts of nonionic surfactant, for example up to 5 wt .-% or 10 wt .-% or 15 wt .-% or 20 wt .-%, 30 wt .-%, 40 wt .-% or up to 50% by weight or even beyond, if appropriate, eg up to 60% by weight. Useful lower limits may be values of 0.01% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight or 4% by weight. Higher lower limits are also possible, e.g. 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 12 wt%, 14 wt%, 16 wt% .-%, 18 wt .-%, 20 wt .-%, 25 wt .-%, 30 wt .-%, 35 wt .-% or even 40 wt .-%, wt .-% in each case based on the total Medium (melted granules).

Preferably, however, the nonionic surfactants are in larger quantities, e.g. up to 50 wt .-%, advantageously from 0.1 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 30 and in particular from 2 to 25 wt .-%, each based on the total agent included. According to a preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention contains nonionic surfactants, preferably in amounts of at least 0.1% by weight, based on the total washing or cleaning agent. According to another preferred embodiment, the agent of the invention is substantially free of nonionic surfactant, thus advantageously contains <5 wt .-%, preferably <1 wt .-% of nonionic surfactant.

In any event, the present invention makes it possible to provide solid detergents which may have high nonionic surfactant contents but yet have no tackiness problems.

Advantageously, all known from the prior art nonionic surfactants may be included in the inventive compositions. Preferred nonionic surfactants are presented below.

The detergents or cleaners according to the invention may preferably also contain cationic surfactants. Suitable cationic surfactants are, for example, surface-active quaternary compounds, in particular having an ammonium, sulfonium, phosphonium, iodonium or arsonium group. Through the use of quaternary surface-active compounds with antimicrobial action, the agent can be designed with an antimicrobial effect or its possibly existing antimicrobial effect due to other ingredients can be improved. Particularly preferred cationic surfactants are the quaternary, partially antimicrobial ammonium compounds (QAV, INCI Quaternary Ammonium Compounds) according to the general formula (R ') (R ") (R'") (R ^IV ) N ⁺ X ^" , in which R ¹ to R ^ιv identical or different C ^ -alkyl radicals ¹ C ₇ _ ₂₈ - aralkyl radicals or heterocyclic radicals, wherein two or in the case of an aromatic inclusion as in pyridine even three radicals together with the nitrogen atom, the heterocycle, for example a pyridinium or Imidazoliniumverbindung , form, represent and X ^"are halide ions, sulfate ions, hydroxide ions or similar anions. For optimum antimicrobial activity, preferably at least one of the radicals has a chain length of 8 to 18, in particular 12 to 16, carbon atoms.

QACs are prepared by reacting tertiary amines with alkylating agents, e.g. Methyl chloride, benzyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, dodecyl bromide, but also ethylene oxide produced. The alkylation of tertiary amines with a long alkyl radical and two methyl groups is particularly easy, the quaternization of tertiary amines with two long radicals and one methyl group can be carried out with the aid of methyl chloride under mild conditions. Amines having three long alkyl radicals or hydroxy-substituted alkyl radicals are less reactive and are preferably quaternized with dimethyl sulfate.

Suitable QUATS are, for example, benzalkonium chloride (N-alkyl-N, N-dimethyl-benzylammonium chloride, CAS No. 8001-54-5), Benzalkon B (mp-dichlorobenzyl-dimethyl-Ci _Σ -alkylammoniumchlorid, CAS No. 58390-78 -6), benzoxonium chloride (benzyl-dodecyl-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -ammonium chloride), cetrimonium bromide (N-hexadecyl-N, N-trimethyl-ammonium bromide, CAS No. 57-09-0), benzetonium chloride (N , N-dimethyl-N- [2- [2- [p- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenoxy] ethoxy] ethyl] benzylammonium chloride, CAS No. 121-54-0), dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides as Di-n-decyldimethylammonium chloride (CAS No. 7173-51-5-5), didecyldimethylammonium bromide (CAS No. 2390-68-3), dioctyldimethylammoniumchloric, 1-cetylpyridiniumchloride (CAS No. 123 -03-5) and thiazoline iodide (CAS No. 15764-48-1) and mixtures thereof. Preferred QUATS are the benzalkonium chlorides containing C ₈ -C ₁₈ alkyl radicals, in particular C ₂ -C ₁₄ -Aklyl-benzyl-dimethylammonium niumchlorid. A particularly preferred QAC Kokospentaethoxymethylammoniummethosulfat (INCI PEG-5 Cocomonium Methosulfate; Rewoquat CPEM ^®).

In order to avoid possible incompatibilities of the antimicrobial cationic surfactants with anionic surfactants possibly contained in the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention anionic surfactant compatible and / or optionally cationic surfactant are preferably used or omitted in a particular embodiment of the invention entirely on cationic surfactants. Further below, other cationic surfactants, as well as quaternary ammonium compounds are described. These may also be contained in the compositions according to the invention.

The detergents or cleaners according to the invention may contain one or more cationic surfactants, advantageously in amounts, based on the total composition, of from 0 to 30% by weight, more preferably greater than 0 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 10 Wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 5 wt .-%. Suitable minimum values may also be 0.5, 1, 2 or 3 wt .-%. According to a preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention comprises cationic surfactants, preferably in amounts of at least 0.1% by weight, based on the total washing or cleaning agent. According to another preferred embodiment, the agent according to the invention is substantially free of cationic surfactant, thus advantageously contains <5 wt .-%, preferably <1 wt .-%, in particular no cationic surfactant.

Likewise, the detergents or cleaners according to the invention may also contain amphoteric surfactants. These are described in more detail below, in particular in connection with conditioning agents and plasticizers.

The washing or cleaning agents according to the invention may contain one or more amphoteric surfactants, advantageously in amounts, based on the total composition, of from 0 to 30% by weight, more preferably from 0 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 10% by weight .-%, in particular 0.1 to 5 wt .-%. According to another preferred embodiment, the agent according to the invention is substantially free of amphoteric surfactant, thus advantageously contains <5 wt .-%, preferably <1 wt .-%, in particular no amphoteric surfactant.

Other ingredients of the process products of the invention may be inorganic and organic builders. Inorganic builders include water-insoluble or non-water-soluble ingredients such as aluminosilicates and especially zeolites.

In a preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention contains no phosphate.

It can be advantageously provided that the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention has a zeolite content of at least 10% by weight, e.g. at least 15 wt .-% or at least 20 wt .-% or at least 30 wt .-% or even beyond, for example at least 50 wt .-%, based on the total washing or cleaning agent. A possible minimum amount of zeolite may be e.g. at a value of 1 wt .-%, 5 wt .-% or even 10 wt .-%, based on the total washing or cleaning agent.

Soluble builders may preferably contain the detergent or cleaning agent according to the invention in amounts of 0.1% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably 5% by weight to 25% by weight, and especially preferably 10 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the agent, with sodium carbonate is particularly preferred as a soluble builder. However, it can also be advantageously provided that the agent according to the invention contains less than 10% by weight, for example less than 5% by weight, of soluble builder. According to another preferred embodiment, the agent according to the invention is free of soluble builder.

Useful finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably zeolite A and / or P. As zeolite P, for example, zeolite MAP ^(R) (commercial product of Crosfield) is particularly preferred. Also suitable however are zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P. Of particular interest is a co-crystallized sodium / potassium aluminum silicate of zeolite A and zeolite X, which as VEGOBOND AX ^® (a product of Condea Augusta SpA) Trade is available.

The zeolite can be used as a spray-dried powder or else as undried, still moist, stabilized suspension of its preparation. In the event that the zeolite is used as a suspension, this may contain minor additions of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers, for example 1 to 3 wt .-%, based on zeolite, of ethoxylated Ci ₂ - C-is-fatty alcohols with 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups, C ₂ -C ₁₄ fatty alcohols containing 4 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of preferably less than 10 μm (volume distribution, measuring method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.

Other particularly suitable zeolites are faujasite-type zeolites. Together with the zeolites X and Y, the mineral faujasite belongs to the faujasite types within the zeolite structure group 4, which are characterized by the double-six-membered subunit D6R. In addition to the faujasite types mentioned, the zeolite structural group 4 also includes the minerals chabazite and gmelinite as well as the synthetic zeolites R (chabazite type), S (gmelinite type), L and ZK-5. The latter two synthetic zeolites have no mineral analogs.

Faujasite-type zeolites are composed of β-cages linked by tetrahedral D6R subunits, with the β-cages resembling the carbon atoms in the diamond. The three-dimensional network of the faujasite-type zeolites suitable according to the invention has pores of 2.2 and 7.4 Å, the unit cell also contains 8 cavities with a diameter of approximately 13 A and can be represented by the formula Na ₈₆ [(AlO ₂ ) 86 (SiO 2) io 6] 264 H ₂ O describe. The network of zeolite X contains a void volume of about 50%, based on the dehydrated crystal, which represents the largest void space of all known zeolites (zeolite Y: about 48% void volume, faujasite: about 47% void volume). In the context of the present invention, the term "faujasite type zeolite" denotes all three zeolites which form the faujasite subgroup of the zeolite structure group 4. In addition to zeolite X, zeolite Y and faujasite and mixtures of these compounds are also suitable according to the invention, with pure zeolite X being preferred.

Mixtures or cocrystallizates of faujasite-type zeolites with other zeolites, which need not necessarily belong to the zeolite structure group 4, are also suitable according to the invention, with preferably at least 50% by weight of the faujasite-type zeolites being suitable.

The suitable aluminum silicates are commercially available and the methods for their preparation are described in standard monographs.

Examples of commercially available X-type zeolites can be described by the following formulas:

Na ₈₆ E (AIO ₂ ) S ₆ (SiO ₂ ) I ₀₆ ] x H ₂ O, K ₈₆ [(AIO ₂ ) 8 ₆ (SiO ₂ ) ₁₀₆ ] x H ₂ O, Ca ₄ oNa ₆ [(AlO ₂ ) 8 ₆ (Si0 ₂ ) ₁₀₆ ] x H ₂ O, Sr ₂₁ Ba ₂₂ [(AIO ₂ ) ₈₆ (SiO ₂ ) ₁₀₆ ] x H ₂ O, in which x can assume values of greater than 0 to 276. These zeolites have pore sizes of 8.0 to 8.4 Å.

Also suitable, for example, is zeolite A-LSX, which corresponds to a cocrystal of zeolite X and zeolite A, and in its anhydrous form has the formula (M _{2 / n} O + M ' _{2 / n} O) -Al ₂ O ₃ -zSiO ₂ where M and M 'may be alkali or alkaline earth metals and z is a number from 2.1 to 2.6. Commercially available this product is under the brand name VEGOBOND AX by the company CONDEA Augusta SpA

Y-type zeolites are also commercially available and can be obtained, for example, by the formulas

Na ₅₆ [(AIO ₂ ) 5 ₆ (SiO ₂ ) ₁₃₆ ] x H ₂ O, K ₅₆ [(AIO ₂ ) ₅₆ (SiO ₂ ) ₁₃₆ ] x H ₂ O, where x is numbers greater than 0 to 276 , describe. These zeolites have pore sizes of 8.0 Å.

The particle sizes of the suitable zeolites are advantageously in the range from 0.1 μm to 100 μm, preferably from 0.5 μm to 50 μm and in particular from 1 μm to 30 μm, in each case measured by standard particle size determination methods. According to another preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention is free of zeolite.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, all contained inorganic Ingredients, ie all incorporated in the process components, preferably be water-soluble. Therefore, builders other than the zeolites mentioned are used in these embodiments.

Further suitable builder substances are polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Further suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches. The hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed processes. Preferably, it is hydrolysis products having average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol. In this case, a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30 is preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100 , is. Usable are both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 and so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molecular weights in the range from 2000 to 30,000 g / mol. A preferred dextrin is described in British Patent Application 94 19 091. The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.

Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenediamine disuccinate, are other suitable co-builders. Ethylenediamine-N, N ^'-di- succinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Also preferred in this context are glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates. Suitable amounts are, for example, 3 to 15 wt .-%, based on the total detergent or cleaning agent.

Other useful organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be present in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.

Another class of substances with cobuilder properties are the phosphonates. These are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Among the Hydroxyalkane phosphonates are the 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) of particular importance as co-builders. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9). Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP), diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably used in the form of the neutral-reacting sodium salts, for example as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as the hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP. The builder used here is preferably HEDP from the class of phosphonates. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, it may be preferable, especially if the washing or cleaning agents also contain bleach, to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.

In cases in which a phosphate content is tolerated, it is also possible to use phosphates, in particular pentasodium triphosphate, if appropriate also pyrophosphates and orthophosphates, which act primarily as precipitants for calcium salts. Phosphates are predominantly used in automatic dishwasher detergents, but in some cases also in detergents.

Alkali metal phosphates is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish metaphosphoric acids (HPO ₃ ) _n and orthophosphoric H ₃ PO _{4 in} addition to higher molecular weight representatives. The phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent lime deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and also contribute to the cleaning performance.

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH ₂ PO ₄ , exists as a dihydrate (density 1, 91 like ^'3 , melting point 60 °) and monohydrate (density 2.04 like ³ ). Both salts are white powders which are very slightly soluble in water and which lose the water of crystallization when heated and at 200 ^° C. into the weak acid diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na ₂ H ₂ P ₂ O ₇ ), at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na ₃ P ₃ O ₉ ) and Maddrell's salt (see below). NaH ₂ PO _{4 is} acidic; It arises when phosphoric acid is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 with sodium hydroxide solution and the mash is sprayed. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium phosphate primary or monobasic, potassium bisphosphate, KDP), KH ₂ PO ₄ , is a white salt of density 2.33, like ^'3 , has a melting point of 253 ° [decomposition to form potassium polyphosphate (KPO ₃ ) _X ] and is easily soluble in water.

Disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na ₂ HPO ₄ , is a colorless, very slightly water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 mol. (Density 2.066 like ^'3 , water loss at 95 °), 7 mol. (Density 1, 68 like ^"3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H ₂ O) and 12 months Water (density 1, 52 like ^'3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H ₂ O), becomes anhydrous at 100 ° and on more intense heating in the diphosphate Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ over. Disodium hydrogen phosphate is prepared by neutralization of phosphoric acid with soda solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K ₂ HPO ₄ , is an amorphous, white salt that is readily soluble in water.

Trisodium phosphate, sodium tertiary phosphate, Na ₃ PO ₄ , are colorless crystals containing as dodecahydrate a density of 1, 62 like ^'3 and a melting point of 73-76 ° C (decomposition), as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P ₂ O ₅₎ like to have a melting point of 100 ⁰ C and (in anhydrous form, corresponding to 39-40% P ₂ O ₅₎ a density of 2.536 ^"3. trisodium phosphate is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction and is prepared by evaporating a solution of exactly 1 Triphosphate (tertiary or tribasic potassium phosphate), K ₃ PO ₄ , is a white, deliquescent, granular powder of density 2.56, ³ , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is in water with It is produced, for example, by heating Thomas slag with coal and potassium sulphate, and despite the higher price, the more soluble, and therefore highly effective, potassium phosphates are used in the detergent industry corresponding sodium compounds are often preferred.

Tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ , exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534 like ^"3 , melting point 988 °, also indicated 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1, 815-1, 836 like ^'3 , melting point 94 ° Both substances are colorless crystals which are soluble in water with an alkaline reaction Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ is formed on heating disodium phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and dehydrating the solution by spraying. The decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness agents and therefore reduces the hardness of the water.Kali diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), K ₄ P ₂ O ₇ , exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33% ³ . which is soluble in water, wherein the pH of the 1% solution at 25 ° is 10.4.

Condensation of the NaH ₂ PO ₄ or of the KH ₂ PO ₄ gives rise to relatively high molecular weight sodium and potassium phosphates, in which cyclic representatives, the sodium or potassium metaphosphates and chain-type, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates, can be distinguished. In particular, for the latter are a variety of names in use: hot or cold phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrolsches and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.

The technically important pentasodium triphosphate, Na ₅ P ₃ Oi ₀ (sodium tripolyphosphate), is an anhydrous or with 6 H ₂ O crystallizing, non-hygroscopic, white, water-soluble salt of the general formula NaO- [P (O) (ONa) -O] _n -Na where n = 3. In 10O g of water dissolve at room temperature about 17 g, at 60 ° about 20 g, at 100 ° about 32 g of the salt water-free salt; After two hours of heating the solution to 100 ° caused by hydrolysis about 8% orthophosphate and 15% diphosphate. In the preparation of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with soda solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dehydrated by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentakaliumtriphos-phat, K ₅ P ₃ Oi ₀ (potassium tripolyphosphate), for example, in the form of a 50 wt .-% solution (> 23% P ₂ O ₅ , 25% K ₂ O) in the trade. The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the washing and cleaning industry. There are also sodium potassium tripolyphosphates which can also be used in the context of the present invention. These arise, for example, when hydrolyzed sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH:

(NaPOs) ₃ + 2 KOH ^■ * Na ₃ K ₂ P ₃ O ₁₀ + H ₂ O

These are used according to the invention exactly as sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of these two; Mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate can also be used according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in particular carbonates and silicates are used as inorganic builder substances.

Particularly noteworthy here are crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general

Formula NaMSi _x O _{2x +} -TyH ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.6 to 4, preferably 1.9 to 4.0 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are. However, since such crystalline silicates at least partially lose their crystalline structure in a spray-drying process, crystalline silicates are preferably subsequently added to the direct or post-treated spray-drying product. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x are the values

2 or 3. In particular, both .beta.- and δ-sodium Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ^{^} yH ₂ O preferred. Such compounds are commercially available, for example, under the name ^SKS® (from Clariant). So here are mainly SKS-6 ^® is a δ-sodium di-silicate with the

Formula Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ^{^} yH ₂ O, in SKS-7 ^® mainly to the ß-sodium disilicate. Reaction with acids (eg citric acid or carbonic acid) produces kanemite from the δ-sodium disilicate

NaHSi ₂ O ₅ yH ₂ O, commercially available under the names SKS- ^9® or SKS- ^10® (from Clariant). It may also be advantageous to use chemical modifications of these phyllosilicates. So can For example, the alkalinity of the layered silicates are suitably influenced. Phyllosilicates doped with phosphate or with carbonate have altered crystal morphologies in comparison with the δ-sodium disilicate, dissolve more rapidly and show increased calcium binding capacity in comparison with δ-sodium disilicate. Thus, phyllosilicates of the general empirical formula x Na ₂ O • y SiO ₂ • z P ₂ O ₅ in which the ratio x to y is a number 0.35 to 0.6, the ratio x to z a number of 1.75 to 1200 and the ratio y to z of a number of 4 to 2800 is known. The solubility of the layered silicates can also be increased by using particularly finely divided layered silicates. Also compounds from the crystalline layer silicates with other ingredients can be used. In particular, compounds with cellulose derivatives which have advantages in the disintegrating action, and compounds with polycarboxylates, for example citric acid, or polymeric polycarboxylates, for example copolymers of acrylic acid, may be mentioned.

The preferred builder substances also include amorphous sodium silicates having a modulus Na ₂ O: SiO _{2 of} from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2, 6, which have secondary washing properties. In the context of this invention, the term "amorphous" is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous". This means that the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances in X-ray diffraction experiments, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays which have a width of several degrees of diffraction angle. However, it may well even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of size 10 to a few hundred nm, with values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which likewise have a dissolution delay compared with the conventional water glasses, are known. Particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates. The content of the (X-ray) amorphous silicates in particular zeolite-free compositions is preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%, which corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Particularly preferred inorganic water-soluble builders are alkali metal carbonates and alkali metal bicarbonates, with sodium and potassium carbonate, and especially sodium carbonate, being among the preferred embodiments. The content of alkali metal carbonates in particular zeolite-free compositions can vary within a very broad range and is preferably 1 to 50 wt .-%, advantageously 5 to 40 wt .-%, in particular 8 to 30 wt .-%, wherein usually the content of alkali metal carbonates is higher than on (X-ray) amorphous silicates. According to another preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention is free of alkali metal carbonates. Useful organic builders are, for example, usable in the form of their alkali and especially sodium polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for environmental reasons, as well as Mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof. The acids themselves can also be used. In addition to their builder action, the acids also typically have the property of an acidifying component and thus, for example in the process products according to the invention, also serve to establish a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.

Further suitable organic builders are polymeric polycarboxylates, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or of polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of 500 to 70,000 g / mol. For the purposes of this document, the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M _{w of} the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.

The detergents or cleaners according to the invention may also contain polymers. Suitable polymers include in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable. Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular from 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol. The content of detergents or cleaning agents on organic builders may vary within a wide range. Levels of from 2 to 20% by weight are preferred, with particular contents of not more than 10% by weight finding particular approval. According to another preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention is free of organic builders.

It should be noted at this point that the statement wt .-%, unless otherwise stated, refers in each case to the entire detergent or cleaning agent, so the end product of the process according to the invention.

The detergents or cleaners according to the invention may contain components from the classes of the grayness inhibitors (soil carriers), the neutral salts and / or the textile-softening auxiliaries (for example cationic surfactants), which is preferred.

Grayness inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing the dirt from being rebuilt. Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this purpose, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch. Also, water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are suitable for this purpose. Furthermore, soluble starch preparations and other than the above-mentioned starch products can be used, e.g. degraded starch, aldehyde levels, etc. Also polyvinylpyrrolidone is useful. However, preference is given to cellulose ethers, such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, for example, in amounts of preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the washing or cleaning agents used.

A typical example of a suitable representative of neutral salts is sodium sulfate. It can be used in amounts of, for example, from 0 to 60% by weight, preferably from 2 to 45% by weight.

Suitable plasticizers, which are described in more detail below, are, for example, swellable phyllosilicates of the type of corresponding montmorillonites, for example bentonite, as well as cationic surfactants.

In the following, nonionic surfactants, which may preferably be contained in the washing or cleaning agent, are described in more detail. These nonionic surfactants can also be applied to the process products, for example, in an aftertreatment step. Of course, all nonionic surfactants but can advantageously be included directly in the process product according to the invention.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture may contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, palm kernel, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ -alkyl with 3 EO to 6 EO, C ₉ -C ₁₁ -AlkOhOIe with 7 EO, C ₁₃ -C ₁₅ -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ -alcohols with 4 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 9 EO, C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ -alcohol with 3 EO and C ₁₂ - C ₁₈ -alcohol with 7 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number.

Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow rank ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of these are (TaIg) fatty alcohols with 14 EO, 16 EO, 20 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Preferred nonionic surfactants are one or more polyols with ethylene oxide (EO) and / or propylene oxide (PO) alkoxylated, branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated C _{_10-22} alcohols with a degree of alkoxylation up to 30, preferably ethoxylated C ₁₀ --i ₈ Fatty alcohols having a degree of ethoxylation of less than 30, preferably 1 to 20, in particular 1 to 12, more preferably 1 to 8, most preferably 2 to 5, for example C ₁₂ . ₁₄ fatty alcohol ethoxylates with 2, 3 or 4 EO or a mixture of the C ₁₂ . _14- fatty alcohol ethoxylates with 3 and 4 EO in a weight ratio of 1 to 1 or Isotridecylalkoholethoxylat with 5, 8 or 12 EO.

In addition, as further nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially in the 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which represents a glucose unit with 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number from 1 to 10; preferably x is 1, 1 to 1, 4.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants, either as sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, in particular together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and / or alkyl glycosides, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl esters, particularly preferred are Ci ₂ -Ci ₈ -Fettsäuremethylester with an average of 3 to 15 EO, in particular with an average of 5 to 12 EO, are also used for example.

Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.

Also suitable are alkoxylated amines, advantageously ethoxylated and / or propoxylated, in particular primary and secondary amines having preferably 1 to 18 carbon atoms per alkyl chain and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) and / or 1 to 10 moles of propylene oxide (PO) per Mole of amine.

In the case of compositions according to the invention which are particularly suitable for automatic dishwashing, in particular dishwashing compositions in the form of tablet tablets, such as tabs, all surfactants are suitable in principle as surfactants. However, the nonionic surfactants described above and especially the low-foaming nonionic surfactants are particularly preferred for this purpose. Particularly preferred are the alkoxylated alcohols, especially the ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols. The person skilled in the art generally understands, under alkoxylated alcohols, the reaction products of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, with alcohols, preferably in the context of the present invention, the longer-chain alcohols Ci ₀ to C ₁₈ , preferably C ₁₂ to C ₁₆ , such as C ₁₁ -, C ₁₂ - , C ₁₃ , C ₁₄ , C ₁₅ , C ₁₆ , C ₁₇ and C ₁₈ alcohols. As a rule, n moles of ethylene oxide and one mole of alcohol, depending on the reaction conditions, form a complex mixture of addition products of different degrees of ethoxylation. A further embodiment consists in the use of mixtures of the alkylene oxides, preferably the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Also, if desired, by a final etherification with short-chain alkyl groups, such as preferably the butyl group, the substance class of "closed" alcohol ethoxylates reach, which can also be used in the context of the invention. Very particularly preferred for the purposes of the present invention are highly ethoxylated fatty alcohols or mixtures thereof with end-capped fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

Advantageously, the detergents or cleaners according to the invention may also contain foam inhibitors, for example foam-inhibiting paraffin oil or foam-inhibiting silicone oil, for example dimethylpolysiloxane. Also, the use of mixtures of these agents is possible. At room temperature and solid additives, particularly in the above-mentioned foam-inhibiting agents, paraffin waxes, silicas, which may have been rendered hydrophobic in a known manner, and of C ₂ - ₇ -diamines and C _{_12-22} -carboxylic acids bisamides derived.

For use, preferably suitable foam-inhibiting paraffin oils, which may also be present in admixture with paraffin waxes, are generally complex mixtures without a sharp melting point. For characterization, the melting range is usually determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and / or the solidification point. This is the temperature at which the paraffin passes from the liquid to the solid state by slow cooling. Paraffins with less than 17 carbon atoms are not useful in the invention, their proportion in the paraffin oil mixture should therefore be as low as possible and is preferably below the limit significantly measurable by conventional analytical methods, for example gas chromatography. Preferably, paraffins are used, which solidify in the range of 20 ⁰ C to 70 ⁰ C. It should be noted that even at room temperature appearing paraffin wax mixtures may contain different proportions of liquid paraffin oils. In the case of the paraffin waxes which can be used according to the invention, the liquid fraction at 40 ^° C. is as high as possible, even without being 100% at this temperature. Preferred paraffin wax mixtures have at 40 ⁰ C a liquid fraction of at least 50% by weight, particularly from 55 wt .-% to 80 wt .-%, and at 60 ° C a liquid fraction of at least 90 wt .-% to. This has the consequence that the paraffins are flowable and pumpable at temperatures down to at least 70 ° C, preferably down to at least 60 ° C. It should also be ensured that the paraffins contain as far as possible no volatile components. Preferred paraffin waxes contain less than 1 wt .-%, in particular less than 0.5 wt .-% at 110 ° C and atmospheric pressure vaporizable fractions. Paraffins which can be used according to the invention can be obtained, for example, under the trade names Lunaflex® from Füller and Deawax® from DEA Mineralöl AG.

The paraffin oils may contain at room temperature solid bisamides derived from saturated fatty acids containing 12 to 22, preferably 14 to 18, carbon atoms and alkylenediamines having 2 to 7 carbon atoms. Suitable fatty acids are lauric, myristic, stearic, arachic and behenic acid and mixtures thereof, such as those obtainable from natural fats or hardened oils, such as tallow or hydrogenated palm oil. Examples of suitable diamines are ethylenediamine 1, 3-propylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine,

Hexamethylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine and toluenediamine. Preferred diamines are ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine. Particularly preferred bisamides are bis-myristoyl-ethylenediamine, bis-palmitoyl-ethylenediamine, bis-stearoyl-ethylenediamine and mixtures thereof and the corresponding derivatives of hexamethylenediamine. The washing or cleaning agent may preferably comprise UV absorbers which advantageously are applied to the treated textiles and improve the lightfastness of the fibers and / or the lightfastness of other formulation constituents. Under UV absorber are organic substances (sunscreen) to understand, which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, eg heat to give back. Compounds having these desired properties include, for example, the non-radiative deactivating compounds and derivatives of benzophenone having substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position. Also suitable are substituted benzotriazoles, phenyl-substituted acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives) in the 3-position, optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid. The biphenyl and especially stilbene derivatives, commercially available as Tinosorb ^® FD or Tinosorb ^® FR available ex Ciba. 3-benzylidene camphor or 3-benzylidene norcamphor and derivatives thereof, for example 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, may be mentioned as UV-B absorbers; 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate, 2-octyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate and 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid ester; Esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl A-methoxycinnamate, propyl 4-methoxycinnamate, iso-4-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamate (octocrylene); Esters of salicylic acid, preferably salicylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, salicylic acid 4-isopropylbenzyl ester, salicylic acid homomenthyl ester; Derivatives of benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone; Esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably di-2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxybenzmalonate; Triazine derivatives, such as 2,4,6-trianilino (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1, 3,5-triazine and octyl triazone, or dioctyl butamido triazone (Uvasorb® HEB) ; Propane-1,3-diones such as 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione; Ketotricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane derivatives.

Also suitable are 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts; Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts; Sulfonic acid derivatives of the 3-benzylidene camphor, e.g. 4- (2-Oxo-3-boronylidenemethyl) -benzenesulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bomylidene) -sulfonic acid and salts thereof.

As a typical UV-A filter, in particular derivatives of benzoylmethane come into question, such as 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1, 3-dione, 4-tert-butyl -4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) -propane-1, 3-dione and enamine compounds. Of course, the UV-A and UV-B filters can also be used in mixtures. In addition to the soluble substances mentioned, insoluble photoprotective pigments, namely finely dispersed, preferably nano-metal oxides or salts, are also suitable for this purpose. Examples of suitable metal oxides are, in particular, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and, in addition, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium, and also oxides thereof Mixtures. As salts silicates (talc), barium sulfate or zinc stearate can be used. The oxides and salts are already used in the form of the pigments for skin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics. The particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably from 5 to 50 nm and in particular from 15 to 30 nm. They may have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use those particles which have an ellipsoidal or otherwise deviating shape from the spherical shape. The pigments may also be surface-treated, ie hydrophilized or hydrophobed. Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, such as titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex® T2000 (Merck). Suitable hydrophobic coating agents are in particular silicones and in particular trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones. Micronized zinc oxide is preferably used. Further suitable UV light protection filters can be found in the relevant prior art.

The UV absorbers can advantageously be present in quantities of from 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.03% by weight to 1% by weight, in the washing or cleaning agent. They can also be subsequently added to the washing or cleaning agent, for example together with other substances.

The detergents or cleaners according to the invention may preferably also be in the form of tablets or shaped articles. For the purposes of the present application, "tablet" or "shaped bodies" are dimensionally stable, solid bodies, irrespective of the manner of their preparation. Such bodies can be prepared for example by crystallization, molding, injection molding, reactive or thermal sintering, (co) extrusion, Verprillung, pastillation, or compaction processes such as calendering or tableting. The preparation of the "tablets" or "shaped bodies" by tabletting is particularly preferred in the context of the present application. The tablet is thus preferably made of compressed, particulate material.

Detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention may preferably contain disintegration aids. Suitable swellable disintegration aids are, for example, bentonites or other swellable silicates. It is also possible to use synthetic polymers, in particular the superabsorbents or cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone used in the hygiene sector.

With particular advantage, polymers based on starch and / or cellulose are used as swellable disintegration aids. These base substances can be processed alone or in mixture with other natural and / or synthetic polymers to swellable disintegrating agents. In the simplest case, a cellulosic material or pure cellulose may be obtained by granulation, compaction or other application of pressure in secondary particles be transferred, which swell on contact with water and serve as a disintegrant. Wood pulp which has been made available by thermal or chemical-thermal processes from wood or wood shavings (sawdust, sawmill waste) has proved to be suitable as cellulose-containing material. This cellulosic material from the TMP (thermomechanical pulp) or the CTMP (chemo-thermo mechanical pulp) process can then be compacted by application of pressure, preferably roller compacted and converted into particle form. Of course, pure cellulose can also be used in a completely analogous manner, although it is more expensive from the raw material base. Here, both microcrystalline and amorphous finely divided cellulose and mixtures thereof can be used.

Another way is to granulate the cellulose-containing material with the addition of granulation aids. For example, solutions of synthetic polymers or nonionic surfactants have proven useful as granulating aids. In order to avoid residues on textiles washed with the agents according to the invention, the primary fiber length of the cellulose or cellulose used in the cellulosic material should be less than 200 .mu.m, preference being given to primary fiber lengths of less than 100 .mu.m, in particular less than 50 .mu.m.

The secondary particles ideally have a particle size distribution in which preferably more than 90 wt .-% of the particles have sizes above 200 microns. A certain proportion of dust can contribute to an improved storage stability of the tablets produced therewith. Particles of a fine dust content of less than 0.1 mm up to 10% by weight, preferably up to 8% by weight, can e.g. to be available.

Furthermore, the agents according to the invention can be conditioning agents and contain the appropriate components. For the purposes of this invention, the term conditioning is preferably to be understood as meaning the avivating treatment of textiles, fabrics and fabrics. Conditioning gives the textiles positive properties, such as improved softness, increased gloss and color brilliance, improved fragrance impression, reduction of felting, ironing relief by reducing the sliding properties, reducing the creasing behavior and the static charge and a color transfer inhibition in dyed textiles ,

To improve the softness and the reviving properties, the compositions according to the invention may comprise plasticizer components. Examples of such compounds are quaternary ammonium compounds, cationic polymers and emulsifiers, such as those used in hair care products and also in agents for Textilavivage. These softening compounds, which will also be described in more detail below, can be present in all inventive compositions, but especially in the conditioners or in compositions with the desired softening effect. Suitable examples are quaternary ammonium compounds of the formulas (III) and (IV),

where in (IM) R and R ^{1 is} an acyclic alkyl radical having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} a saturated C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, R ^{3 is} either R, R ¹ or R ² or an aromatic radical. X ^~ represents either a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures of these. Examples of cationic compounds of the formula (III) are didecyldimethylammonium chloride,

Ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride or dihexadecyl ammonium chloride.

Compounds of formula (IV) are so-called ester quats. Esterquats are characterized by excellent biodegradability. Here, R ^{4 is} an aliphatic alkyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds; R ⁵ is H, OH or O (CO) R ⁷ , R ⁶ is, independently of R ^5, H, OH or O (CO) R ⁸ , where R ⁷ and R ⁸ are each independently an aliphatic alk (ene) ylrest having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with O, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, m, n and p may each independently have the value 1, 2 or 3 have. X ^" can be either a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures thereof Preferred compounds are those for R ^5, the group 0 (CO) R ⁷ and for R ⁴ and R ^{7 are} alkyl radicals having 16 to 18 carbon atoms included. Especially preferred are compounds in which R ⁶ is also OH examples of compounds of formula (IV) are methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N-di (tallow-acyl-oxyethyl) ammonium methosulfate. , Bis (palmitoyl) -ethyl-hydroxyethyl-methyl-ammonium-methosulfate or methyl-N, N-bis (acyl-oxy-ethyl) -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -ammonium-methosulphate are quaternized compounds of the formula (IV ), which have unsaturated alkyl chains, the acyl groups are preferred whose corresponding fatty acids have an iodine value between 5 and 80, preferably between 10 and 60 and in particular between 15 and 45 and which have a cis / trans isomer ratio (in% by weight). greater than 30:70, preferably greater than 50:50 and especially e greater than 70: 30. Commercial examples are sold by Stepan under the tradename Stepantex ^® Methylhydroxyalkyldi-alkoyloxyalkylammoniummethosulfate or those known under Dehyquart ^® Cognis products known under or Rewoquat ^® manufactured by Goldschmidt-Witco. Further preferred compounds are the diester quats of the formula (V), which are available under the name Rewoquat® W 222 LM or CR 3099 and, in addition to the softness, also provide stability and color protection.

R ²¹ and R ²² are each independently an aliphatic radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.

In addition to the quaternary compounds described above, it is also possible to use other known compounds, for example quaternary imidazolinium compounds of the formula (VI)

where R ^{9 is} H or a saturated alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ independently of one another may each be an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R ^{10 may} alternatively also be 0 (CO) R ²⁰ where R ^{20 is} an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and Z is an NH group or oxygen and X ^"is an anion, q can have integer values between 1 and 4.

Further suitable quaternary compounds are described by formula (VII)

R13 H

R12 - NL - (CH ₂ V - CI - O (CO) R15 X ^'(VII);

R14 CH ₂ - O (CO) R 16 wherein R ^12, R ¹³ and R ¹⁴ independently represent a d ^ alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group, R ¹⁵ and R ¹⁶ each selected independently a C _{_8-28} alkyl group and r is a number between 0 and 5.

In addition to the compounds of the formulas (III) and (IV) it is also possible to use short-chain, water-soluble, quaternary ammonium compounds, such as trihydroxyethylmethylammonium methosulfate or the alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides, dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides and trialkylmethylammonium chlorides, eg. Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, distearyldimethylammonium chloride, lauryldimethylammonium chloride, lauryldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and tricetylmethylammonium chloride.

Also protonated alkylamine compounds which have plasticizing effect, as well as the non-quaternized, protonated precursors of cationic emulsifiers are suitable.

Further cationic compounds which can be used according to the invention are the quaternized protein hydrolysates. Suitable cationic polymers include the polyquaternium polymers as referred to in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance, Inc., 1997), in particular the Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, also referred to as Merquats, Polyquaternium-10 polymers (Ucare Polymer IR 400, Amerchol), polyquaternium-4 copolymers such as graft copolymers having a cellulose backbone and quaternary ammonium groups attached via allyldimethylammonium chloride, cationic cellulose derivatives such as cationic guar such as guar hydroxypropyltriammonium chloride , and similar quaternized guar derivatives (eg Cosmedia Guar, manufacturer: Cognis GmbH), cationic quaternary sugar derivatives (cationic alkyl polyglucosides), e.g. , The commercial product Glucquat ^® 100, according to CTFA nomenclature a polymeric "Lauryl Methyl Gluceth-10 Hydroxypropyl Dimonium Chloride", copolymers of PVP and dimethylaminomethacrylate, copolymers of vinylimidazole and vinylpyrrolidone, and copolymers Aminosilicon-.

Polyquaternized polymers (for example, Luviquat Care by BASF.), And cationic biopolymers based on chitin and derivatives thereof, for example, under the trade designation chitosan ^® (manufacturer: Cognis) polymer obtainable.

Also useful in the present invention are cationic silicone oils such as the commercially available Q2-7224 (manufactured by Dow Corning, a stabilized trimethylsilylamodimeth-icon), Dow Corning 929 emulsion (containing a hydroxylamino-modified silicone, also referred to as amodimethicones is), SM-2059 (manufacturer: General Electric), SLM-55067 (manufacturer: Wacker) Abil ^® quat 3270 and 3272 (manufacturer: Goldschmidt-Rewo; di- quaternary polydimethylsiloxanes, quaternium-80), and Silicone quat Rewoquat ^® SQ 1 (Tegopren® ^® 6922, manufacturer: Goldschmidt-Rewo).

It is likewise possible to use compounds of the formula (VIII)

the alkylamidoamines may be in their quaternized or, as shown, their quaternized form. R ¹⁷ can be an aliphatic alk (en) yl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, s can assume values between 0 and 5. R ¹⁸ and R ¹⁹ are each independently H, d 1-4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl. Preferred compounds are fatty acid amidoamines, such as under the name Tego Amid ^® S 18 stearylamidopropyldimethylamine available or obtainable under the name Stepantex ^® X 9124 3- tallowamidopropyl trimethylammo-nium methosulfate, which in addition to good conditioning Effect also by color transfer-inhibiting effect as well as specially characterized by their good biodegradability.

Particularly preferred are alkylated quaternary ammonium compounds, of which at least one alkyl chain is interrupted by an ester group and / or amido group, in particular N-methyl-N (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N- (ditalgacyloxyethyl) ammonium methosulfate.

Suitable nonionic plasticizers are, in particular, polyoxyalkylene glycol alkanoates, polybutylenes, long-chain fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty acid ethanolamides, alkyl polyglycosides, in particular sorbitan mono-, di- and triester and fatty acid esters of polycarboxylic acids.

In an agent according to the invention, e.g. preferably a conditioning agent, plasticizers, e.g. Bentonite, in amounts of 0.1 to 80 wt .-%, usually 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 60 wt .-% and in particular 0.5 to 40 wt .-%, each based to be included on the entire medium.

Other surfactants for all agents according to the invention, in particular for the conditioning agents, are so-called gemini surfactants. These are generally understood as meaning those compounds which have two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups per molecule. These groups are usually separated by a so-called "spacer". This spacer is typically a carbon chain that should be long enough for the hydrophilic groups to be spaced sufficiently apart for them to act independently of each other. Such surfactants are generally characterized by an unusually low critical micelle concentration and the ability to greatly reduce the surface tension of the water. In exceptional cases, however, the term gemini surfactants is understood to mean not only dimeric but also trimeric surfactants.

Suitable gemini surfactants are, for example, sulfated hydroxy mixed ethers or dimer alcohol bis- and trimer tris sulfates and ether sulfates. End-capped dimeric and trimeric mixed ethers are characterized in particular by their bi- and multi-functionality. Thus, the end-capped surfactants mentioned have good wetting properties and are low-foaming, so that they are particularly suitable for use in machine washing, care or cleaning processes.

However, it is also possible to use gemini-polyhydroxy fatty acid amides or poly-polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, as described in the relevant prior art. Further suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the following formula

R ²³

I R -CO-N- [Z]

wherein RCO is an aliphatic acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{23 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the following formula, R ²⁴ -OR ²⁵

I

R-CO-N- [Z] in the R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{24 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{25 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or an aryl group or an oxyalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein CI_ ₄ alkyl or phenyl groups being preferred, and [Z] is a linear polyhydroxyalkyl residue, whose alkyl chain is substituted with at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this radical.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, for example, by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.

The detergents or cleaners according to the invention may preferably also contain amphoteric surfactants. In addition to numerous mono- to tri-alkylated amine oxides, the betaines represent an important class.

Betaines are known surfactants which are predominantly produced by carboxyalkylation, preferably carboxymethylation of aminic compounds. Preferably, the starting materials with halocarboxylic acids or their salts, in particular with sodium chloroacetate condenses, wherein one mole of salt is formed per mole of betaine. Furthermore, the addition of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid is possible. As regards the nomenclature and, in particular, the distinction between betaines and 'true' amphoteric surfactants, reference should be made to the relevant literature. Examples of suitable betaines are the carboxyalkylation products of secondary and in particular tertiary amines which follow the formula (IX)

R ²⁷ R ²⁶ -N- (CH ₂ ) _n COOX ¹ (IX)

R ²⁸ in the R ^{26 is} alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{27 is} hydrogen or alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ^{28 is} alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is from 1 to 6 and X ^{1 is} an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal or ammonium. Typical examples are the carboxymethylation products of hexylmethylamine, hexyldimethylamine, octyldimethylamine, decyldimethylamine, dodecylmethylamine, dodecyldimethylamine,

Dodecylethylmethylamine, C _{12 /} i ₄ cocoalkyldimethylamine, myristyldimethylamine, cetyldimethylamine, stearyldimethylamine, stearylethyl-methylamine, oleyldimethylamine, C _16/18 tallowalkyldimethylamine and technical mixtures thereof.

Also suitable are carboxyalkylation products of amidoamines which follow the formula (X),

R ²⁹ R ³¹ CO-NH- (CH ₂ ) _m -N- (CH ₂ ) _n COOX ² (X)

in which R ^{31 is} CO for an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 to 3 double bonds, m is a number from 1 to 3 and R ²⁹ , R ³⁰ , n and X ² are as defined above. Typical examples are reaction products of fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, namely caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitic, stearic, isostearic, oleic, elaidic, petroselinic, linoleic, linolenic, elaeostearic, and arachidic acids , Gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and technical mixtures thereof, with N, N-dimethylaminoethylamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, N, N-diethylaminoethylamine and N, N-diethylaminopropylamine, which are condensed with sodium chloroacetate. Preference is given to the use of a condensation product of C _{8 /} i ₈ coconut fatty acid N, N-dimethylaminopropylamide with sodium chloroacetate. Furthermore, suitable starting materials for the betaines usable in the context of the invention are imidazolines which follow the formula (XI),

_m R33

in which R ^{32 is} an alkyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms, R ^{33 is} a hydroxyl group, an OCOR ³² or NHCOR ³² radical and m is 2 or 3. These substances are also known substances which can be obtained, for example, by cyclizing condensation of 1 or 2 moles of fatty acid with polyhydric amines, such as, for example, aminoethyl-ethanolamine (AEEA) or diethylenetriamine. The corresponding carboxyalkylation products are mixtures of different open-chain betaines. Typical examples are condensation products of the above mentioned fatty acids with AEEA, preferably imidazolines based on lauric acid or C, in turn, _{12 /} i ₄ coconut oil fatty acid, which are subsequently betainized with sodium chloroacetate.

In a preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention, such as e.g. in particular a conditioning agent, optionally containing one or more complexing agents.

Chelating agents (INCI), also called sequestering agents, are ingredients that are capable of complexing and inactivating metal ions, for example, to prevent their adverse effects on the stability or appearance of the agents, for example clouding. On the one hand, it is important to complex the incompatible with numerous ingredients calcium and magnesium ions of water hardness. The complexation of the ions of heavy metals such as iron or copper retards the oxidative decomposition of the finished agents.

For example, the following complexing agents designated according to INCI are suitable: Aminotrimethylene Phosphonic Acid, Beta-Alanine Diacetic Acid, Calcium Disodium EDTA, Citric Acid, Cyclodextrin, Cyclohexanediamine Tetraacetic Acid, Diammonium Citrate, Diammonium EDTA, Diethylenetriamine Pentamethylene Phosphonic Acid, Dipotassium EDTA, Disodium Azacycloheptane Diphosphonate, Disodium EDTA, Disodium Pyrophosphate, EDTA, Etidronic Acid, Galactic Acid, Gluconic Acid, Glucuronic Acid, HEDTA, Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin, Methyl Cyclodextrin, Pentapotassium Triphosphate, Pentasodium Aminotrimethylene Phosphonate, Pentasodium Ethylenediamine Tetramethylene Phosphonate, Pentasodium Pentetate, Pentasodium Triphosphate, Pentetic Acid, Phytic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Potassium EDTMP, Potassium Gluconate, Potassium Polyphosphate, Potassium Trisphosphonomethylamine Oxides, Ribonic Acid, Sodium Chitosan Methylene Phosphonates, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Diethylenetriamine Pentamethylene Phosphonates, Sodium Dihydroxyethylglycinate, Sodium EDTMP, Sodium Gluceptate, Sodium Gluconate, Sodium Glycereth-1 Polyphosphates, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Sodium Metaphosphate, Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Phytate, Sodium Polydimethylglycinophenolsulfonate, Sodium Trimetaphosphate, TEA-EDTA, TEA Polyphosate, Tetrahydroxyethyl Ethylenediamine, Tetrahydroxypropyl Ethylenediamine, Tetrapotassium Etidronate, Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, Tetrasodium EDTA, Tetrasodium Etidronate, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Tripotassium EDTA, Trisodium Dicarboxymethyl Alaninate, Trisodium EDTA, Trisodium HEDTA, Trisodium NTA and Trisodium Phosphate.

Preferred complexing agents are tertiary amines, in particular tertiary alkanolamines (amino alcohols). The alkanolamines have both amino and hydroxy and / or ether groups as functional groups. Particularly preferred tertiary alkanolamines are tri-ethanolamine and tetra-2-hydroxypropyl-ethylenediamine (N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxy-propyl) ethylenediamine).

Particularly preferred combinations of tertiary amines with Zinkricinoleat and one or more ethoxylated fatty alcohols as nonionic solubilizers and optionally solvents are described in the prior art.

A particularly preferred complexing agent is etidronic acid (1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxyethyl-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, HEDP, acetophosphonic acid, INCI Etidronic Acid) including their salts. In a preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention accordingly contains etidronic acid and / or one or more of its salts as complexing agent.

In a particular embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention comprises a complexing agent combination of one or more tertiary amines and one or more further complexing agents, preferably one or more complexing acids or salts thereof, in particular triethanolamine and / or tetra-2-hydroxypropylethylenediamine and etidronic acid and / or or one or more of their salts.

The washing or cleaning agent according to the invention, in particular conditioning agent, advantageously contains complexing agents in an amount of usually 0 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 15 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, especially preferably 1 to 8 wt .-%, most preferably 1, 5 to 6 wt .-%, based on the total agent.

In a further preferred embodiment, the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention, in particular conditioning agent, optionally contains one or more enzymes. According to another preferred embodiment, however, the product according to the invention is free of enzymes. Particularly suitable enzymes are those from the classes of hydrolases such as the proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, cellulases or other glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned. All of these hydrolases in the wash contribute to the removal of stains such as proteinaceous, greasy or starchy stains and graying. In addition, cellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases may contribute to color retention and to enhancing the softness of the fabric by removing pilling and microfibrils. Oxireductases can also be used for bleaching or inhibiting color transfer.

Particularly suitable are bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus and Humicola insolens derived enzymatic agents. Preferably, subtilisin-type proteases and in particular proteases derived from Bacillus lentus are used. Enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and Lipasebzw. lipolytic enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes and cellulase, but in particular protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytic enzymes of particular interest. Examples of such lipolytic enzymes are the known cutinases. Peroxidases or oxidases have also proved suitable in some cases. Suitable amylases include in particular α-amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases. As cellulases are preferably cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and ß-Glucosi-denen, which are also called cellobiases, or mixtures thereof used. Since different cellulase types differ by their CMCase and avicelase activities, the desired activities can be set by targeted mixtures of the cellulases.

The enzymes may be adsorbed as a shaped body to carriers or embedded coated to protect against premature decomposition. The proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules may be, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.12 to about 2 wt .-%, based on the total agent.

The washing or cleaning agents according to the invention (eg conditioning agents) may optionally contain bleaching agents. Among the compounds which serve as bleaches and deliver H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are particularly important. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, peroxopyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as persulfates or persulfuric acid. Also useful is the urea peroxohydrate percarbamide described by the formula H ₂ N-CO-NH ₂ H ₂ O ₂ can be. In particular, when using the means for cleaning hard surfaces, for example in automatic dishwashing, they may, if desired, also contain bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaches, although their use is also possible in principle for laundry detergents. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids. Preferred representatives are the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid (phthalimidoperoxyhexanoic acid, PAP), o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonylamidoperoperuccinates, and aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperoxysebacic acid, diperoxybrassic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyl-diperoxybutan-1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-amino-caproic acid) can be used. According to another preferred embodiment, however, the product according to the invention is free from bleach.

Dyes can be used in the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention, wherein the amount of one or more dyes is to be chosen so small that remain after application of the agent no visible residues. Preferably, the agent according to the invention is free of dyes.

The washing or cleaning agent according to the invention may preferably contain one or more antimicrobial agents or preservatives in an amount of usually 0.0001 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.0001 to 2 wt .-%, in particular 0.0002 to 1 wt. %, more preferably 0.0002 to 0.2% by weight, most preferably 0.0003 to 0.1% by weight.

Antimicrobial agents or preservatives are distinguished depending on the antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action between bacteriostats and bactericides, fungistats and fungicides, etc. Important substances from these groups are, for example, benzalkonium chlorides, alkylarylsulfonates, halophenols and phenol mercuriacetate. The terms antimicrobial action and antimicrobial agent have the usual meaning within the scope of the teaching according to the invention. Suitable antimicrobial agents are preferably selected from the groups of the alcohols, amines, aldehydes, antimicrobial acids or their salts, carboxylic acid esters, acid amides, phenols, phenol derivatives, diphenyls, diphenylalkanes, urea derivatives, oxygen, nitrogen acetals and formals, benzamidines, isothiazolines , Phthalimide derivatives, pyridine derivatives, antimicrobial surface active compounds, guanidines, antimicrobial amphoteric compounds, quinolines, 1, 2-dibromo-2,4-di-cyanobutane, iodo-2-propyl-butyl-carbamate, iodine, iodophores, peroxo compounds, halogen compounds and any Mixtures of above.

The antimicrobial agent may be selected from ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, 1,3-butanediol, phenoxyethanol, 1,2-propylene glycol, glycerol, undecylenic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, dihydracetic acid, o-phenylphenol, N-propanol. Methylmorpholine-acetonitrile (MMA), 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol, 2,2'-methylenebis (6-bromo-4-chlorophenol), 4,4'-di-chloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether ( Dichlosan), 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenylether (trichlosan), chlorhexidine, N- (4-chlorophenyl) - N- (3,4-dichlorophenyl) -urea, N, N '- (1, 10-decanediyldi-1-pyridinyl-4-ylidene) bis- (1-octanamine) dihydrochloride, N, N'-bis (4-chlorophenyl) -3,12-diimino-2,4,1 1 , 13-tetraaza-tetradecandiimidamide, glucoprotamines, antimicrobial quaternary surface active compounds, guanidines including the bi- and polyguanidine, such as 1, 6-bis (2-ethylhexyl-biguanido-hexane) - dihydrochloride, 1, 6-di - (N ₁ , N-ι'-phenyldiguanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') -hexane-tetrahydrochloride, 1, 6-di- (N ₁₁ N ₁ ' - phenyl-N-ι, N- | - met hyldiguanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') -hexane dihydrochloride, 1,6-di- (N ₁ , N-i'-o-chlorophenyl-diguanido- N ₅ , N ₅ ') -hexane dihydrochloride, 1,6 Di- (Ni, Ni '-2, 6-dichlorophenyldiguanido- N ₅ , N ₅ ') hexane dihydrochloride, 1,6-di- [Ni, Ni'-beta- (p-methoxyphenyl) diguanido-N ₅ , N, ₅ '] -hexane dihydrochloride, 1,6-di- (Ni, Ni'-alpha-methyl-.beta.-phenyldiguanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') -hexane dihydrochloride, 1,6 Di- (Ni, Ni'-p-nitrophenyldiguanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') hexane dihydrochloride, omega: omega-di- (Ni, Ni'-phenyldiguanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') -di-n- propyl ether dihydrochloride, omega: omega'-di (Ni, Ni'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') di-n-propyl ether tetrahydrochloride, 1,6-di- (Ni, Ni' -2,4-dichlorophenyldiguanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') hexane-tetrahydrochloride, 1,6-di- (Ni, Ni' -p-methylphenyl-nigiguanido- N ₅ , N ₅ ') hexane-dihydrochloride, 1,6 Di- (Ni, Ni '-2,4,5-trichlorophenyldi guanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') hexanetrahydrochloride, 1,6-di- [Ni, Ni'-alpha- (p-chlorophenyl) ethyldiguanido -N _5, N ₅ '] hexane dihydrochloride, omegaiomega-D KNi.Ni'-p-chlorophenyl-niguano-N, N-methyl-dihydrochloride, 1, 12-di- (Ni, Ni'-p-chlorophenyl-diguanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') -dodecane dihydrochloride, 1, 10-Di- (Ni, Ni'-phenyldi- guanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') -decane tetrahydrochloride, 1, 12-di- (Ni, Ni'-phenyldiguanido- N ₅ , N ₅ ') dodecane tetrahydrochloride, 1,6-di- (Ni, Ni'-o-chlorophenyldi guanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') hexane dihydrochloride, 1,6-di- (Ni, Ni'-o-chlorophenyldiguanido-N ₅ , N ₅ ') hexane-tetrahydrochloride, ethylene-bis- (1-tolyl biguanide), ethylene-bis- (p-tolyl biguanide), ethylene-bis- (3,5-dimethylphenylbiguanide), ethylene-bis- (p-) tert-amylphenylbiguanide), ethylene-bis- (nonylphenylbiguanide), ethylene-bis- (phenylbifluoride), ethylene-bis- (N-butylphenyl-biuride), ethylene-bis (2,5-diethoxyphenylbiguanide), ethylene-bis ( 2,4-dimethylphenyl biguanide), ethylene bis (o-diphenylbiguanide), ethylene bis (mixed amyl naphthylbiguanide), N-butyl ethylene bis (phenylbiguanide), trimethylene bis (o-tolylbiguanide), N- Butyl-trimethyl-bis- (phenyl biguanide) and the ents such as acetates, gluconates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, citrates, bisulfites, fluorides, polymaleates, N-cocoalkyl sarcosinates, phosphites, hypophosphites, perfluorooctanoates, silicates, sorbates, salicylates, maleates, tartrates, fumarates, ethylenediaminetetraacetates, iminodiacetates, cinnamates, thiocyanates, arginates , Pyromellitate, Tetracarboxybutyrate, benzoates, glutarates, monofluorophosphates, perfluoropropionates and any mixtures thereof. Also suitable are halogenated xylene and cresol derivatives, such as p-chloromethacresol or p-chloro-meta-xylene, and natural antimicrobial active ingredients. Licher origin (eg from spices or herbs), animal and microbial origin. Preferably, antimicrobial surface-active quaternary compounds, a natural antimicrobial agent of plant origin and / or a natural antimicrobial agent of animal origin, most preferably at least one natural antimicrobial agent of plant origin from the group comprising caffeine, theobromine and theophylline and essential oils such as eugenol, thymol and geraniol, and / or at least one natural antimicrobial agent of animal origin from the group, comprising enzymes such as protein from milk, lysozyme and lactoperoxidase, and / or at least one antimicrobial surface-active quaternary compound with an ammonium, sulfonium, phosphonium, iodonium - or Arsoniumgruppe, peroxo compounds and chlorine compounds are used. Also substances of microbial origin, so-called bacteriocins, can be used. Glycine, glycine derivatives, formaldehyde, compounds which readily split off formaldehyde, formic acid and peroxides are preferably used.

The suitable as antimicrobial agents quaternary ammonium compounds (QAV) have been described above. Is particularly suitable, for example, benzalkonium chloride, etc. Benzalkonium halides and / or substituted benzalkonium halides are for example commercially available as Barquat ^® ex Lonza, Marquat® ^® ex Mason, Variquat ^® ex Witco / Sherex and Hyamine ^® ex Lonza and as Bardac ^® ex Lonza. Other commercially obtainable antimicrobial agents are N- (3-chloroallyl) hexaminium chloride such as Dowicide and Dowicil ^® ^® ex Dow, benzethonium chloride such as Hyamine ^® 1622 ex Rohm & Haas, methylbenzethonium as Hyamine ^® 10X ex Rohm & Haas, cetylpyridinium chloride such as Cepacol ex Merrell Labs ,

Furthermore, the washing or cleaning agents according to the invention, optionally ironing aids for improving the water absorbency, the rewettability of the treated textiles and to ease the Bügeins the treated textiles. For example, silicone derivatives can be used in the formulations. These additionally improve the rinsing out of the wash-active formulations by their foam-inhibiting properties. Preferred silicone derivatives are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups have one to five carbon atoms and are completely or partially fluorinated. Preferred silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes, which may optionally be derivatized and are then amino-functional or quaternized or have Si-OH, Si-H and / or Si-Cl bonds. The viscosities of the preferred silicones are in the range between 100 and 100,000 mPas at 25 ° C., wherein the silicones can be used in amounts of between 0.2 and 5% by weight, based on the total agent.

It should be pointed out again that all here in connection with the washing or cleaning agents according to the invention, ie the inventive Process products, mentioned ingredients may also be contained in other solid additives, which may be added to the inventive process products, if desired, subsequently, to obtain even further improved detergents or cleaning agents.

A further subject of the invention is thus a washing or cleaning agent, comprising process products according to the invention and particulate additives (eg in the form of granules etc.) which comprise ingredients selected from the group of surfactants, builders, bleaches, bleach activators, enzymes, electrolytes, nonaqueous solvents, pH adjusters, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotopes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti redeposition agents, optical brighteners,

Antiredeposition agents, anti-shrinkage agents, anti-crease agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic agents, ironing auxiliaries, repellents and impregnating agents, swelling and anti-slip agents and UV absorbers. Such a washing or cleaning agent may e.g. 1-95 wt%, 2-90 wt%, 3-80 wt%, 4-70 wt%, 5-60 wt%, 10-50 wt%, 15- 40 wt .-% or 20-30 wt .-% of the inventive process products and the remainder (ad 100 wt .-%) of particulate additives.

A solid process product according to the invention may preferably be e.g. Contain components which include i.a. are selected from the following:

Anionic surfactants, e.g. Alkylbenzenesulfonate, alkyl sulfate, in amounts of advantageously 5-30 wt .-%, preferably 8-15 wt .-%, in particular 15-20 wt .-%,

Nonionic surfactants, e.g. Fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkyl polyglucoside, fatty acid glucamide, advantageously in amounts of 0.1-20% by weight, preferably 2-15% by weight, in particular 6-11% by weight,

Builders, e.g. Zeolite, polycarboxylate, sodium citrate, for example in amounts of 5-60% by weight, preferably in amounts of 10-55% by weight, in particular 15-40% by weight,

Alkalis, e.g. Sodium carbonate, advantageously in amounts of 1-30 wt .-%, preferably 2-25 wt .-%, in particular 5-20 wt .-%,

Bleaching agents, e.g. Sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate advantageously in amounts of 0-25 wt .-%, preferably 10-20 wt .-%,

Corrosion inhibitors, e.g. Sodium silicate, advantageously in amounts of 1-6 wt .-%, preferably 2-5 wt .-%, in particular 3-4 wt .-%,

Stabilizers, e.g. Phosphonates, advantageously in amounts of 0-1% by weight,

Foam inhibitor, e.g. Soap, silicone oils, paraffins advantageously in amounts of 0.1-4% by weight, preferably 0.2-2% by weight, in particular 1-3% by weight,

Enzymes, such as proteases, amylases, cellulases, lipases, advantageously in amounts of 0-2% by weight, preferably 0.1-1% by weight, in particular 0.3-0.8% by weight, Graying inhibitor, such as carboxymethylcellulose, advantageously in amounts of 0-1% by weight,

Discoloration inhibitor, e.g. Polyvinylpyrrolidone derivatives, advantageously in amounts of 0-2% by weight,

- Adjustment means, such as Sodium sulfate, advantageously in amounts of 0-20% by weight,

Optical brighteners, e.g. Stilbene derivative, biphenyl derivative, advantageously in amounts of 0.1-0.3 wt .-%, in particular 0.1-0.4 wt .-%,

- perfumes

- Water

- Soap

- bleach activators

- Cellulosic derivatives

- Dirt deflector.

A washing or cleaning agent according to the invention which contains a process product according to the invention and further solid additives may preferably be used, for example. Contain components which include i.a. are selected from the following:

Stabilizers, e.g. Phosphonates, advantageously in amounts of 0-1% by weight,

Enzymes, e.g. Proteases, amylases, cellulases, lipases, advantageously in amounts of 0-2% by weight, preferably 0.1-1% by weight, in particular 0.3-0.8% by weight,

- grayness inhibitor, e.g. Carboxymethylcellulose, advantageously in amounts of 0-1% by weight,

Discoloration inhibitor, such as, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone derivatives, advantageously in amounts of 0-2% by weight, - Adjusting agents, such as sodium sulfate, advantageously in amounts of 0-20 wt .-%,

-Duftstoffe

-Water

-Soap

-Bleichaktivatoren

-Cellulosderivate

-Schmutzabweiser, while these components in the aggregates and / or in the inventive

Be contained process product.

The detergents or cleaners according to the invention may preferably also be perfumed with perfume oil (fragrances, perfumes).

Adhesive-resistant fragrances which are advantageously usable in the context of the present invention are, for example, the essential oils such as angelica root oil, aniseed oil, arnica blossom oil, basil oil, Bayöl, Champacablütenöl, Edeltannenöl, Edeltannenzapfenöl, Elemiöl, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, spruce alder oil, galbanum oil, geranium oil, ginger grass oil, guaiac wood oil , Gurijar balm oil, helichrysum oil, ho oil, ginger oil, iris oil, cajeput oil, calamus oil, chamomile oil, camphor oil, kanaga oil, cardamom oil, cassia oil, pine needle oil, copaϊva balsam oil, coriander oil, spearmint oil, caraway oil, cumin oil, lemongrass oil, musk kernel oil, myrrh oil, clove oil, neroli oil, niaouli oil , Olibanum oil, Origanum oil, Palmarosa oil, Patchouli oil, Peru balsam oil, Petitgrain oil, Pepper oil, Peppermint oil, Pimento oil, Pine oil, Rose oil, Rosemary oil, Sandalwood oil, Celery oil, Star aniseed oil, Thuja oil, Thyme oil, Verbena oil, Vetiver oil, Juniper berry oil, Vermouth oil, Wintergreen oil, Ylang-ylang -Oil, Hyssop oil, cinnamon oil, cinnamon leaf oil and cypress oil.

But the higher-boiling or solid fragrances of natural or synthetic origin can be used in the context of the present invention advantageously as adherent fragrances or fragrance mixtures in the perfume oils. These compounds include the following compounds and mixtures thereof: ambrettolide, α-amylcinnamaldehyde, anethole, anisaldehyde, anisalcohol, anisole, methyl anthranilate, acetophenone, benzylacetone, benzaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, benzophenone, benzyl alcohol, borneol, bornyl acetate, α-bromostyrene, n -Decylaldehyde, n-dodecylaldehyde, eugenol, eugenol methyl ether, eucalyptol, farnesol, fenchone, fenchyl acetate, geranyl acetate, geranyl formate, heliotropin, heptincarboxylic acid methyl ester, heptaldehyde, hydroquinone dimethyl ether, hydroxycinnamaldehyde, hydroxycinnamyl alcohol, indole, iron, isoeugenol, isoeugenol methyl ether, isosafrole, jasmon , Camphor, Karvakrol, Karvon, p-cresol methyl ether, coumarin, p-methoxyacetophenone, methyl n-amyl ketone, methyl anthranilate, p-methylacetophenone, methylchavikole, p-methylquinoline, methyl-β-naphthyl ketone, methyl-n-nonyl acetaldehyde, methyl n-nonyl ketone, muscone, β-naphthol ethyl ether, β-naphthol methyl ether, nerol, nitrobenzene, n-nonyl aldehyde, nonyl alcohol, n-octyl aldehyde, p-oxy-acetophenone, pentadecanolide, β-phenylethyl alcohol, phenyl acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, Phenylacetic acid, pulegone, safrol, salicylic acid isoamyl ester, methyl salicylate, hexyl salicylate, cyclohexyl salicylate, santalol, skatole, terpineol, thymine, thymol, γ-undelactone, vaniline, veratrumaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, ethyl cinnamate, cinnamic acid cinnamate. Among the more volatile fragrances, which are advantageously used in the perfume oil in the present invention include, in particular, the lower-boiling fragrances natural or synthetic origin, which can be used alone or in mixtures. Examples of more readily volatile fragrances are alkyl isothiocyanates (alkyl mustard oils), butanedione, limonene, linalool, linayl acetate and propionate, menthol, menthone, methyl-n-heptenone, phellandrene, phenylacetaldehyde, terpinyl acetate, citral, citronellal.

In a preferred embodiment, the perfume oils contain less than 8, advantageously less than 7, more preferably less than 6, more preferably less than 5, more preferably less than 4, even more preferably less than 3, preferably less than 2, especially no fragrances from the list Amylcinnamal, Amylcinnamylalkohol, Benzylalcohol, Benzylsalicylat, Cinnamylalkohol, Cinnamal, Citral, Cumarin, Eugenol, Geraniol, Hydroxycitronellal, Hydroxymethylpentylcyclohexencarboxaldehyde, Isoeugenol, Anisylalkohol, Benzylbenzoat, Benzylcinnamat, Citronellol, Farnesol, Hexylcinnamaldehyd, Lilial, d-Limonen, Linalool , Methylheptincarbonate, 3-methyl-4- (2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl) -3-buten-2-one, oak moss extract, tree moss extract.

Another object of the invention is the use of the novel process products in admixture with enzymes and bleaching agents for laundry.

Another object of the invention is the use of the novel process products for room, vehicle or cabinet scenting, especially in the form of fragrance bags.

Another object of the invention is the use of the inventive process products for scenting articles, preferably detergents, washing and cleaning machines, dry laundry and packaging.

Another object of the invention is the use of the novel process products for scenting textiles during the, preferably mechanical, washing or drying process.

Claims

claims

1. A process for the preparation of nonionic surfactant solid, anhydrous detergents or cleaning compositions or components thereof in the form of melt granules, characterized in that a) at least one fixed at room temperature washing or cleaning agent ingredient, preferably comprising a surfactant or surfactant mixture or its precursor, is melted, b) the melt is mixed with at least one further solid detergent or cleaning agent ingredient and / or at least one liquid, c) the mixture of (b) is solidified by cooling.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (c) the mixture is first poured into any shape (s), then solidified and preferably subsequently demolded.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (c), the mixture is dropped into a cooling stream for the production of beads or sprayed to produce powders.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (c) the mixture is pastilated by cooling on a steel roll or a steel strip, scrapped or transferred into strips.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the fixed at room temperature washing or cleaning agent ingredient, which is melted in the first step, a surfactant, surfactant mixture or their precursor, preferably comprising fatty alcohol polyglycol (fatty alcohol), alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and fatty acid , Fatty amine ethoxylates, ethoxylated triglycerides, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, mixed ethers, alkyl polyglucosides, sucrose esters, sorbitan esters, fatty acid glucamides and / or amine oxides, in particular alkyldimethylamine oxides.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the to be melted detergent ingredient has a melting point in the range of 25-200 ⁰ C, preferably 30-110 ⁰ C, advantageously 35-75 ° C, in particular 40 to 65 ° C. ,

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the solid detergent ingredients, which are incorporated into the melt, are selected from: (A) builders, such as preferably zeolite (compounds), polycarboxylate (compounds), Na acrylic / maleic acid copolymer, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or their sodium salts

(b) carbonates, such as preferably soda,

(d) sulfates, especially alkali and / or alkaline earth sulfates

(f) anionic surfactant compounds

(g) bleach activators, in particular N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine,

Citrate, and / or citric acid (i) Turp powder or spray drying products

(j) Polymers, in particular cellulose ethers (derivatives) or, preferably, linear hydrophilic, polyethylene terephthalate-polyoxyethylene terephthalate block copolymers (PET-POET)

Petroleum derivatives and / or silicone oils (I) Fabric softeners, bentonites, esterquat (compounds) (m) discoloration inhibitors

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the weight ratio of the melt used to be added to the solid detergent or detergent ingredients in the range of 1/10 to 10/1, preferably 4/1 to 1/3, in particular 2 / 1 to 1/2 lies.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the melt to be added solid detergent ingredients were previously finely ground, advantageously to particle sizes d ₅₀ under 100 microns, advantageously <50 microns, preferably <25 microns, in particular < 10 μm.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, that the to be melted detergent or cleaning agent contains at least one skin-care and / or skin-protecting active and / or at least one skin-care and / or skin-protecting active is mixed with the melt.

1 1. The method according to any one of claims 1-10, that fabric softening ingredients, preferably comprising polysiloxanes, textile-softening clays, preferably bentonite and / or cationic polymers are melt-mixed.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that enzymes and bleaching components are added to the resulting melt granules.

13. Melt granules for detergents or cleaners, obtainable according to any one of claims 1-12, in the form of platelets or rods with a geometric length: width: thickness ratio in the range of 1: 0.1-1: <0.1-0.005.

14. Melt granules for detergents or cleaners, obtainable according to any one of claims 1-12, in the form of cubes, blocks, trapezoids, rings, tubes,

Cones, cylinders or asterisks, preferably with a hole.

15. Melt granules for detergents or cleaners, obtainable according to any one of claims 1-12, in the form of spheres having an average form factor of> 0.84, in particular> 0.86, preferably> 0.88.

16. melt granules for detergents or cleaners, obtainable according to any one of claims 1-12, the characters, letters or symbols carry as a survey or as a depression.

17. Use of the process products according to any one of claims 1-12 in admixture with enzymes and bleaching agents for laundry.

18. Use of the process products according to any one of claims 1-12 for room, vehicle or cabinet scenting, in particular in the form of fragrance bags.

19. Use of the process products according to any one of claims 1-12 for the scenting of articles, preferably of detergents, washing and cleaning machines, dry laundry and packaging.

20. Use of the process products according to any one of claims 1-12 for the scenting of textiles during the, preferably mechanical, washing or drying process.