EP2054669A1 - Burner with a protective element for ignition electrodes - Google Patents

Burner with a protective element for ignition electrodes

Info

Publication number
EP2054669A1
EP2054669A1 EP07788421A EP07788421A EP2054669A1 EP 2054669 A1 EP2054669 A1 EP 2054669A1 EP 07788421 A EP07788421 A EP 07788421A EP 07788421 A EP07788421 A EP 07788421A EP 2054669 A1 EP2054669 A1 EP 2054669A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
ignition
gas turbine
protective element
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07788421A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2054669B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Böttcher
Andre Kluge
Claus Krusch
Elmar Pfeiffer
Sabine Tüschen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP07788421A priority Critical patent/EP2054669B1/en
Publication of EP2054669A1 publication Critical patent/EP2054669A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2054669B1 publication Critical patent/EP2054669B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q9/00—Pilot flame igniters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
    • F23Q3/006—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/22—Details
    • F23Q7/24—Safety arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner with an igniter and at least one ignition electrode, in particular one for installation in a burner of a gas turbine.
  • a torch designed as a pilot burner with an igniter and ignition electrodes leading to the igniter is described, for example, in EP 0 193 838 B1.
  • the detonator has the task of igniting the fuel.
  • the ignition electrodes are attached to the outside of the pilot burner and run parallel to it
  • the fuel feed is located inside the pilot burner and ends in fuel outlets.
  • the ignition electrodes end in the region of the fuel outlet openings and ignite the fuel emerging there by means of a spark.
  • the spark is generated by an ignition voltage between two ignition electrodes and is active during the entire ignition duration.
  • Pilot burners mounted ignition electrodes during transport or installation can adversely affect the functioning of the ignition electrodes. Damage or bending may therefore necessitate replacement of the ignition electrodes.
  • the replacement of the ignition electrodes may also be necessary if one of the electrodes is so bent that, instead of between the electrode tips between an electrode line and another metallic component to the electric flashover and therefore the gas mixture can not be ignited.
  • US 2,850,084 and US 5,860,804 essentially igniter are described with ignition electrodes, in which the ignition by heating an ignition electrode due to their high resistance, ie thermally. This form of ignition is referred to below as thermal ignition.
  • thermal ignition The possibility of electronic or electrical ignition, for example by sparkover, is mentioned only in US 5,860,804.
  • Ignition in particular to protect against possible contamination or damage.
  • the regions of the ignition electrodes which adjoin the region of the ignition, ie which lead to the region of the ignition towards or away from it, are not protected by a corresponding protective element.
  • Gas turbine torch frame are used and ignite with the help of a spark, however, compared to ignition of thermal igniters in their Functionality considerably less affected by possible bending.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a gas turbine burner with at least one ignition electrode available, in which the above problem does not occur or only to a reduced extent.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine with an advantageous gas turbine combustor.
  • gas turbine burner with the features of claim 1 and a gas turbine according to claim 15.
  • the gas turbine burner can be designed in particular as a pilot burner.
  • the solution of the problem is that the burner is equipped with at least one extending on its outer side ignition electrode, said electrode is associated with a protective element which projects beyond the outside of the burner and beyond the ignition electrode.
  • the gas turbine according to the invention is equipped with such a gas turbine burner.
  • EP 0 193 838 B1 describes a combustion chamber of a gas turbine with a burner, the ignition electrodes of the burner are not equipped with a protective element.
  • the protective element is connected to the outside of the burner, so that the necessary stability is ensured.
  • the protective element surrounds the ignition electrodes, wherein the ignition electrode is at least partially covered lengthwise, so that the at least one ignition electrode is optimally protected.
  • the protective member may be U-shaped and fixed with the open side and the outside of the burner, so that the ignition electrode are protected from three sides to the outside.
  • the protective element can completely enclose the electrodes at least in the front region near the electrode tips.
  • the protective element may be formed by at least one rib, so that a better accessibility of the ignition electrodes is ensured.
  • the rib can run parallel to the ignition electrode. There may also be at least one rib on each side of the ignition electrode.
  • the protective element is made of a rigid and impact-resistant material, so that a deformation of the protective element, which could lead to a deformation of the internal ignition electrodes, is avoided.
  • a further advantageous development is that the distance between the protective element and the ignition electrode is at least so great that when a starting voltage is applied to the ignition electrode, no flashover occurs between the ignition element
  • the gas turbine combustor may comprise two ignition electrodes, each with an electrode tip.
  • the ignition takes place by a sparkover at the electrode tips when applying an ignition voltage between the two ignition electrodes. The ignition is therefore not effected thermally.
  • US Pat. No. 5,860,804 and US Pat. No. 5,865,651 also mention non-thermal igniters in general terms, in these documents no igniter is described in which a sparkover occurs between two
  • the protective element according to the invention can preferably be assigned to a region of the ignition electrode which is used for
  • Lead tip leads. This means that in this case the protective element does not reach as far as the electrode tip and does not protrude beyond the electrode tip. Rather, the area of the electrode is to be protected, which runs along the outside of the gas turbine burner, in other words, the supply line to the actual ignition at the electrode tip.
  • the gas turbine burner according to the invention can in principle be rotationally symmetrical and the at least one ignition electrode extending on its outer side extend parallel to the axis of symmetry of the gas turbine burner.
  • the gas turbine according to the invention can be equipped with a gas turbine burner according to the invention in one of the described embodiments.
  • 1 shows a burner with an ignition electrode
  • 2 shows a burner with ignition electrodes
  • Protective element which has a U-shaped cross-section and surrounds the ignition electrodes in the front region
  • FIG 3 shows a burner with ignition electrodes and a protective element which is formed from ribs and runs parallel to the ignition electrodes.
  • the burner assembly shown in FIG 1 belongs to a gas turbine plant, the preferred field of application of the invention.
  • the burner arrangement is, however, also suitable for gas-fired furnaces of boilers.
  • the burner arrangement consists of at least one first burner 2 (not shown in FIG 1, see FIGS 2, 3), which serves as a pilot burner, and a second burner 1, which serves as a main burner and in the middle of the first burner 2 is used coaxially.
  • the first burner 2 has a burner head 4 with a
  • Swirl blading 3 can be operated with natural gas E and / or fuel H as fuel.
  • the head 4 of the first burner 2 is coaxial with respect to the burner axis, surrounded by an air supply channel 6, which serves to supply the main portion of the combustion air L to a combustion zone (not shown) formed downstream of the burner head 4.
  • the annular gap, the pressurized combustion air L is supplied from a compressor of the gas turbine plant. The hot fuel gases flow into the turbine blading.
  • the serving as a main burner second burner 1 is supplemented by the first, serving as a pilot burner burner 2, ie In natural gas mode, it is possible to switch from pilot burner to main burner mode with its lower NOx values after starting up and warming up.
  • the first burner 2 serves to stabilize the flame.
  • the second burner comprises nozzle tubes 5 and an air supply channel 6.
  • the nozzle tubes are connected to a fuel supply system (not shown) and used to mix petroleum, natural gas or other gaseous or liquid fuel with the supplied combustion air L.
  • the air supply channel 6 passes the combustion air L. if necessary with added fuel to the flame area.
  • the ignition of the first burner 2 supplied air-fuel mixture via a rod or tubular electrode assembly with two ignition electrodes 7.
  • the ignition electrodes 7 are mainly parallel to the axis of the first burner 2. In the region of the support plate 9 through which the ignition electrodes are passed through, is the
  • the distance between the ignition electrodes 7 of the outer wall of the first burner significantly larger.
  • the distance of the ignition electrodes 7 from each other is greater in the region of the support plate than in the region of the outer wall of the first burner 2.
  • the ignition electrodes are fastened with connecting pieces 11 on the outside of the first burner 2.
  • a burner 2 is shown as an exemplary embodiment of a burner according to the invention, on the outer wall of which two ignition electrodes 7 extending in the longitudinal direction of the burner 2 are mounted.
  • the burner 2 can in particular serve as the first burner in the burner arrangement described with reference to FIG.
  • the ignition electrodes of the burner 2 are through a
  • Protective element 8 covered which is formed in the present example as a U-shaped bent sheet 8.
  • the legs of the sheet 8 each have an angled region, in they are attached to the outer wall of the burner 2.
  • the attachment 10 is advantageously carried out by means of suitable detachable connecting elements, for example screws, so that, if necessary, access to the ignition electrodes 7 is possible.
  • detachable connecting elements for example screws
  • non-detachable connections are also possible instead of the detachable connection, for example welded connections.
  • the U-shaped metal sheet extends at least over the front part of the ignition electrodes 7, ie the part which lies close to the electrode tips 12.
  • the sheet 8 should be made of an impact resistant and rigid material such as e.g. Be made of steel.
  • the distance of the sheet 8 from the ignition electrodes 7 should be at least so great that when a firing voltage applied to the ignition electrodes 7 no flashover between the fender 8 and the ignition electrodes 7 takes place.
  • the concrete value for the distance depends on the dielectric strength of the medium between the electrodes 7 and the protective plate 8 as well as the geometry of the ignition electrodes and the temperature prevailing when the ignition voltage is applied. In the present embodiment with air as the medium, a safety distance of at least 5 mm should be maintained if the ignition voltage is 5 kV.
  • FIG. 3 shows an ignition electrode 7 mounted in the burner 2 with two ignition electrodes 7 mounted on its outer wall.
  • This burner 2 can also be used, in particular, as the first burner in the burner arrangement described with reference to FIG.
  • the longitudinal ribs 8 project from the surface of the burner 2 via the ignition electrodes 7, so that the ignition electrodes 7 are protected from shocks.
  • the ribs 8 are fixedly connected to the wall of the burner 2.
  • the attachment 10 can be made for example by welding or soldering. Releasable connections between the longitudinal ribs 8 and the burner 2, for example by means of screws, are indeed possible, but not detachable connections are completely ausrechend, since the arrangement does not significantly restrict the access to the ignition electrodes 7 and therefore the ribs 8 need not be removed for access to the electrodes 7.
  • the ribs 8 should be made of an impact resistant and rigid material such as e.g. Be made of steel.
  • the distance of the ribs from the ignition electrodes 7 should be at least 5 mm at an ignition voltage of 5 kV, so that no flashover between a firing electrode and a rib can take place.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

The burner (2) for gas turbines has a protective sleeve (8) over its ignition electrode (7). The sleeve has a U-shaped cross-section.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Brenner mit einem Schutzelement für ZündelektrodenBurner with a protective element for ignition electrodes
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brenner mit einem Zünder und wenigstens einer Zündelektrode, insbesondere einen solchen für den Einbau in einen Brenner einer Gasturbine.The invention relates to a burner with an igniter and at least one ignition electrode, in particular one for installation in a burner of a gas turbine.
Ein als Pilotbrenner ausgebildeter Brenner mit einem Zünder und zum Zünder führenden Zündelektroden ist beispielsweise in EP 0 193 838 Bl beschrieben. Der Zünder hat die Aufgabe, den Brennstoff zu zünden. Die Zündelektroden sind außen am Pilotbrenner befestigt und verlaufen parallel zu seinerA torch designed as a pilot burner with an igniter and ignition electrodes leading to the igniter is described, for example, in EP 0 193 838 B1. The detonator has the task of igniting the fuel. The ignition electrodes are attached to the outside of the pilot burner and run parallel to it
Längsachse. Die BrennstoffZuführung befindet sich im Inneren des Pilotbrenners und endet in Brennstoffaustrittsöffnungen . Die Zündelektroden enden im Bereich der Brennstoffaustrittsöffnungen und entzünden den dort austretenden Brennstoff mittels eines Zündfunkens. Der Zündfunke wird durch eine Zündspannung zwischen zwei Zündelektroden erzeugt und steht während der gesamten Zünddauer an.Longitudinal axis. The fuel feed is located inside the pilot burner and ends in fuel outlets. The ignition electrodes end in the region of the fuel outlet openings and ignite the fuel emerging there by means of a spark. The spark is generated by an ignition voltage between two ignition electrodes and is active during the entire ignition duration.
Beschädigungen oder Verbiegung einer oder beider amDamage or bending of one or both of the
Pilotbrenner angebrachten Zündelektroden beim Transport oder Einbau können die Funktionstüchtigkeit der Zündelektroden negativ beeinflussen. Beschädigungen oder Verbiegung können daher den Austausch der Zündelektroden notwendig werden lassen.Pilot burners mounted ignition electrodes during transport or installation can adversely affect the functioning of the ignition electrodes. Damage or bending may therefore necessitate replacement of the ignition electrodes.
Der Austausch der Zündelektroden kann auch notwendig werden, wenn eine der Elektroden so sehr verbogen ist, dass es anstatt zwischen den Elektrodenspitzen zwischen einer Elektrodenleitung und einem anderen metallischen Bauteil zum Stromüberschlag kommt und daher das Gasgemisch nicht gezündet werden kann. In US 2,850,084, US 5,860,804 und US 5,865,651 werden im Wesentlichen Zünder mit Zündelektroden beschrieben, bei denen die Zündung durch das Erhitzen einer Zündelektrode infolge ihres hohen Widerstandes, also thermisch erfolgt. Diese Form der Zündung wird im Folgenden als thermische Zündung bezeichnet. Die Möglichkeit einer elektronischen oder elektrischen Zündung, beispielsweise durch Funkenüberschlag, ist lediglich in US 5,860,804 erwähnt.The replacement of the ignition electrodes may also be necessary if one of the electrodes is so bent that, instead of between the electrode tips between an electrode line and another metallic component to the electric flashover and therefore the gas mixture can not be ignited. In US 2,850,084, US 5,860,804 and US 5,865,651 essentially igniter are described with ignition electrodes, in which the ignition by heating an ignition electrode due to their high resistance, ie thermally. This form of ignition is referred to below as thermal ignition. The possibility of electronic or electrical ignition, for example by sparkover, is mentioned only in US 5,860,804.
Zum Schutz des Bereiches der Zündelektrode, in dessen Nähe die Zündung stattfindet, sind in US 2,850,084, US 5,860,804 und US 5,865,651 verschiedene Schutzelemente oder Schutzverkleidungen offenbart. Diese Schutzverkleidungen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie in die entstehende Flamme hineinragen können und die Zündelektroden im Bereich derIn order to protect the region of the ignition electrode in the vicinity of which ignition takes place, various protective elements or protective coverings are disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 2,850,084, 5,860,804 and 5,865,651. These protective coatings are characterized by the fact that they can protrude into the resulting flame and the ignition electrodes in the area
Zündung insbesondere vor einer möglichen Verschmutzung oder Beschädigung schützen sollen. Die Bereiche der Zündelektroden, die sich an den Bereich der Zündung anschließen, die also zum Bereich der Zündung hin- oder von diesem wegführen, werden dabei nicht durch ein entsprechendes Schutzelement geschützt.Ignition in particular to protect against possible contamination or damage. The regions of the ignition electrodes which adjoin the region of the ignition, ie which lead to the region of the ignition towards or away from it, are not protected by a corresponding protective element.
Auch in US 4,029,936, US 6,777,650 Bl und US 3,823,345 werden Zünder mit Zündelektroden beschrieben. Bei diesen sind zumindest auch Bereiche der Zündelektroden, die sich an den Bereich der Zündung anschließen, die also zum Bereich der Zündung hin- oder von diesem wegführen, jedenfalls teilweise von einem Gehäuse umgeben. Bei diesen Zündern handelt es sich jedoch ausschließlich um thermische Zünder. Zudem handelt es sich bei diesen Zündern nicht um Zünder von Gasturbinenbrennern .Also in US 4,029,936, US 6,777,650 Bl and US 3,823,345 detonators are described with ignition electrodes. In these, at least in some areas of the ignition electrodes, which adjoin the region of the ignition, which thus lead away from the region of the ignition or away from it, at least partially surrounded by a housing. However, these igniters are all thermal igniters. Moreover, these igniters are not igniters of gas turbine burners.
Allerdings sind in US 2,850,084, US 5,860,804, US 5,865,651, US 4,029,936, US 6,777,650 Bl und US 3,823,345 keine Gasturbinenbrenner offenbart . Die Zündelektroden, die imHowever, no gas turbine burners are disclosed in US 2,850,084, US 5,860,804, US 5,865,651, US 4,029,936, US 6,777,650 Bl and US 3,823,345. The ignition electrodes in the
Rahmen von Gasturbinenbrennern verwendet werden und mit Hilfe eines Zündfunkens zünden, sind jedoch im Vergleich zu Zündelektroden von thermischen Zündern in ihrer Funktionstüchtigkeit durch ein mögliches Verbiegen erheblich leichter beeinträchtigt .Gas turbine torch frame are used and ignite with the help of a spark, however, compared to ignition of thermal igniters in their Functionality considerably less affected by possible bending.
Zugrunde liegende AufgabeUnderlying task
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Gasturbinenbrenner mit wenigstens einer Zündelektrode zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem die oben genannte Problematik nicht oder nur in reduziertem Maße auftritt. Eine weitere Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Gasturbine mit einem vorteilhaften Gasturbinenbrenner zu Verfügung zu stellen .The invention has for its object to provide a gas turbine burner with at least one ignition electrode available, in which the above problem does not occur or only to a reduced extent. Another object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine with an advantageous gas turbine combustor.
Erfindungsgemäße LösungInventive solution
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Gasturbinenbrenner mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine Gasturbine nach Anspruch 15 gelöst. Der Gasturbinenbrenner kann insbesondere als Pilotbrenner ausgebildet sein.This object is achieved by a gas turbine burner with the features of claim 1 and a gas turbine according to claim 15. The gas turbine burner can be designed in particular as a pilot burner.
Erfindungsgemäß besteht die Lösung der Aufgabe darin, dass der Brenner mit wenigstens einer an seiner Außenseite verlaufenden Zündelektrode ausgerüstet ist, wobei dieser Elektrode ein Schutzelement zugeordnet ist, welches über die Außenseite des Brenners und über die Zündelektrode hinaus vorsteht. Die erfindungsgemäße Gasturbine ist mit einem solchen Gasturbinenbrenner ausgestattet.According to the invention the solution of the problem is that the burner is equipped with at least one extending on its outer side ignition electrode, said electrode is associated with a protective element which projects beyond the outside of the burner and beyond the ignition electrode. The gas turbine according to the invention is equipped with such a gas turbine burner.
Der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung liegt also darin, dass die Zündelektroden geschützt sind und daherThe advantage of the solution according to the invention is therefore that the ignition electrodes are protected and therefore
Beschädigungen beim Transport bzw. beim Ein- und Ausbau der Zündelektroden vermieden werden können. In EP 0 193 838 Bl ist zwar eine Brennkammer einer Gasturbine mit einem Brenner beschrieben, allerdings sind die Zündelektroden des Brenners nicht mit einem Schutzelement ausgestattet.Damage during transport or when installing and removing the ignition electrodes can be avoided. Although EP 0 193 838 B1 describes a combustion chamber of a gas turbine with a burner, the ignition electrodes of the burner are not equipped with a protective element.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist das Schutzelement mit der Außenseite des Brenners verbunden, so dass die nötige Stabilität gewährleistet ist.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the protective element is connected to the outside of the burner, so that the necessary stability is ensured.
Eine andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass das Schutzelement die Zündelektroden umgibt, wobei die Zündelektrode zumindest teilweise der Länge nach abgedeckt wird, so dass die wenigstens eine Zündelektrode optimal geschützt ist.Another advantageous development is that the protective element surrounds the ignition electrodes, wherein the ignition electrode is at least partially covered lengthwise, so that the at least one ignition electrode is optimally protected.
Außerdem kann das Schutzelement U-förmig ausgebildet und mit der offenen Seite and der Außenseite des Brenners befestigt sein, so dass die Zündelektrode von drei Seiten nach außen hin geschützt werden. Das Schutzelement kann die Elektroden zumindest im vorderen Bereich nahe den Elektrodenspitzen vollständig umschließen.In addition, the protective member may be U-shaped and fixed with the open side and the outside of the burner, so that the ignition electrode are protected from three sides to the outside. The protective element can completely enclose the electrodes at least in the front region near the electrode tips.
Alternativ kann das Schutzelement durch wenigstens eine Rippe gebildet sein, so dass eine bessere Zugänglichkeit der Zündelektroden gewährleistet ist. Die Rippe kann parallel zur Zündelektrode verlaufen. Es kann sich auch auf beiden Seiten der Zündelektrode jeweils mindestens eine Rippe befinden.Alternatively, the protective element may be formed by at least one rib, so that a better accessibility of the ignition electrodes is ensured. The rib can run parallel to the ignition electrode. There may also be at least one rib on each side of the ignition electrode.
Vorzugsweise wird das Schutzelement aus einem biegesteifen und stoßfesten Material hergestellt, so dass eine Verformung des Schutzelements, die zu einer Verformung der innen liegenden Zündelektroden führen könnte, vermieden wird.Preferably, the protective element is made of a rigid and impact-resistant material, so that a deformation of the protective element, which could lead to a deformation of the internal ignition electrodes, is avoided.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung besteht darin, der Abstand zwischen dem Schutzelement und der Zündelektrode mindestens so groß ist dass bei Anliegen einer Zündspannung an der Zündelektrode kein Überschlag zwischen demA further advantageous development is that the distance between the protective element and the ignition electrode is at least so great that when a starting voltage is applied to the ignition electrode, no flashover occurs between the ignition element
Schutzelement und der Zündelektrode erfolgt, damit ein Stromüberschlag zwischen der Zündelektrode und dem Schutzelement zuverlässig vermieden werden kann. Zudem kann der Gasturbinenbrenner zwei Zündelektroden mit jeweils einer Elektrodenspitze umfassen. In diesem Fall erfolgt die Zündung durch einen Funkenüberschlag an den Elektrodenspitzen beim Anlegen einer Zündspannung zwischen den beiden Zündelektroden. Die Zündung wird also nicht thermisch bewirkt. Zwar werden in US 5,860,804 und US 5,865,651 auch allgemein andere als thermische Zünder erwähnt, jedoch wird in diesen Dokumenten kein Zünder beschrieben, bei dem ein Funkenüberschlag zwischen zweiProtective element and the ignition electrode, so that a current flashover between the ignition electrode and the protective element can be reliably avoided. In addition, the gas turbine combustor may comprise two ignition electrodes, each with an electrode tip. In this case, the ignition takes place by a sparkover at the electrode tips when applying an ignition voltage between the two ignition electrodes. The ignition is therefore not effected thermally. Although US Pat. No. 5,860,804 and US Pat. No. 5,865,651 also mention non-thermal igniters in general terms, in these documents no igniter is described in which a sparkover occurs between two
Elektroden erfolgt. Die anderen bereits erwähnten Dokumente beschreiben lediglich thermische Zünder.Electrodes done. The other documents already mentioned describe only thermal detonators.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schutzelement kann vorzugsweise einem Bereich der Zündelektrode zugeordnet sein, der zurThe protective element according to the invention can preferably be assigned to a region of the ignition electrode which is used for
Elektrodenspitze hinführt. Das heißt, dass in diesem Fall das Schutzelement nicht bis an die Elektrodenspitze heranreicht und auch nicht über die Elektrodenspitze hinausragt. Vielmehr soll der Bereich der Elektrode geschützt werden, der an der Außenseite des Gasturbinenbrenners entlang verläuft, mit anderen Worten also die Zuleitung zum eigentlichen Zündbereich an der Elektrodenspitze.Lead tip leads. This means that in this case the protective element does not reach as far as the electrode tip and does not protrude beyond the electrode tip. Rather, the area of the electrode is to be protected, which runs along the outside of the gas turbine burner, in other words, the supply line to the actual ignition at the electrode tip.
Weiterhin kann der erfindungsgemäße Gasturbinenbrenner grundsätzlich rotationssymmetrisch sein und sich die wenigstens eine an seiner Außenseite verlaufende Zündelektrode parallel zur Symmetrieachse des Gasturbinenbrenners erstrecken.Furthermore, the gas turbine burner according to the invention can in principle be rotationally symmetrical and the at least one ignition electrode extending on its outer side extend parallel to the axis of symmetry of the gas turbine burner.
Die erfindungsgemäße Gasturbine kann mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Gasturbinenbrenner in einer der beschriebenen Ausführungsvarianten ausgestattet sein.The gas turbine according to the invention can be equipped with a gas turbine burner according to the invention in one of the described embodiments.
Kurzbeschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Weitere Merkmale, Eigenschaften und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Figuren. Es zeigt:Further features, properties and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of Embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. It shows:
FIG 1 einen Brenner mit einer Zündelektrode, FIG 2 einen Brenner mit Zündelektroden und einem1 shows a burner with an ignition electrode, 2 shows a burner with ignition electrodes and a
Schutzelement, das einen U-förmigen Querschnitt aufweist und die Zündelektroden im vorderen Bereich umgibt,Protective element, which has a U-shaped cross-section and surrounds the ignition electrodes in the front region,
FIG 3 einen Brenner mit Zündelektroden und einem Schutzelement, welches aus Rippen gebildet ist und parallel zu den Zündelektroden verläuft.3 shows a burner with ignition electrodes and a protective element which is formed from ribs and runs parallel to the ignition electrodes.
Detaillierte Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDetailed description of the embodiment
Die in FIG 1 dargestellte Brenneranordnung gehört zu einer Gasturbinenanlage, dem bevorzugten Anwendungsgebiet der Erfindung. Die Brenneranordnung ist indes auch für gasbefeuerte Feuerungsanlagen von Kesseln geeignet.The burner assembly shown in FIG 1 belongs to a gas turbine plant, the preferred field of application of the invention. The burner arrangement is, however, also suitable for gas-fired furnaces of boilers.
Die Brenneranordnung besteht aus wenigstens einem an einer Trägerplatte (in FIG 1 nicht dargestellt; s. FIG 2, 3) befestigten ersten Brenner 2, der als Pilotbrenner dient, und einem zweiten Brenner 1, der als Hauptbrenner dient und in dessen Mitte der erste Brenner 2 koaxial eingesetzt ist. Der erste Brenner 2 weist einen Brennerkopf 4 mit einerThe burner arrangement consists of at least one first burner 2 (not shown in FIG 1, see FIGS 2, 3), which serves as a pilot burner, and a second burner 1, which serves as a main burner and in the middle of the first burner 2 is used coaxially. The first burner 2 has a burner head 4 with a
Drallbeschaufelung 3 auf und kann mit Erdgas E und/oder Heizöl H als Brennstoff betrieben werden. Der Kopf 4 des ersten Brenners 2 ist koaxial, bezogen auf die Brennerachse, umgeben von einem Luftzufuhrkanal 6, welcher der Zufuhr des Hauptanteils der Verbrennungsluft L zu einer stromab des Brennerkopfes 4 ausgebildeten Verbrennungszone (nicht dargestellt) dient. Dem Ringspalt wird die unter Druck stehende Verbrennungsluft L von einem Kompressor der Gasturbinenanlage zugeführt. Die heißen Brenngase strömen in die Turbinenbeschaufelung.Swirl blading 3 and can be operated with natural gas E and / or fuel H as fuel. The head 4 of the first burner 2 is coaxial with respect to the burner axis, surrounded by an air supply channel 6, which serves to supply the main portion of the combustion air L to a combustion zone (not shown) formed downstream of the burner head 4. The annular gap, the pressurized combustion air L is supplied from a compressor of the gas turbine plant. The hot fuel gases flow into the turbine blading.
Der als Hauptbrenner dienende zweite Brenner 1 wird durch den ersten, als Pilotbrenner dienenden Brenner 2 ergänzt, d.h. bei Erdgasbetrieb kann nach dem Anfahren und Anwärmen vom Pilotbrenner- auf den Hauptbrennerbetrieb mit seinen geringeren NOx-Werten umgeschaltet werden. Der erste Brenner 2 dient dabei zur Stabilisierung der Flamme.The serving as a main burner second burner 1 is supplemented by the first, serving as a pilot burner burner 2, ie In natural gas mode, it is possible to switch from pilot burner to main burner mode with its lower NOx values after starting up and warming up. The first burner 2 serves to stabilize the flame.
Der zweite Brenner umfasst Düsenrohre 5 und einen Luftzufuhrkanal 6. Die Düsenrohre sind an ein BrennstoffZuleitungssystem angeschlossen (nicht dargestellt) und dienen zur Vermischung von Erdöl, Erdgas oder einem anderen gasförmigen oder flüssigen Brennstoff mit der zugeführten Verbrennungsluft L. Der Luftzufuhrkanal 6 leitet die Verbrennungsluft L ggf. mit beigemischtem Brennstoff dem Flammenbereich zu.The second burner comprises nozzle tubes 5 and an air supply channel 6. The nozzle tubes are connected to a fuel supply system (not shown) and used to mix petroleum, natural gas or other gaseous or liquid fuel with the supplied combustion air L. The air supply channel 6 passes the combustion air L. if necessary with added fuel to the flame area.
Die Zündung des dem ersten Brenner 2 zugeführten Luft-Brennstoff-Gemisches erfolgt über eine Stab- oder rohrförmige Elektrodenanordnung mit zwei Zündelektroden 7. Die Zündelektroden 7 verlaufen hauptsächlich parallel zur Achse des ersten Brenners 2. Im Bereich der Trägerplatte 9, durch die die Zündelektroden 7 hindurchgeführt sind, ist derThe ignition of the first burner 2 supplied air-fuel mixture via a rod or tubular electrode assembly with two ignition electrodes 7. The ignition electrodes 7 are mainly parallel to the axis of the first burner 2. In the region of the support plate 9 through which the ignition electrodes are passed through, is the
Abstand der Zündelektroden 7 von der Außenwand des ersten Brenners jedoch deutlich größer. Auch der Abstand der Zündelektroden 7 untereinander ist im Bereich der Trägerplatte größer als im Bereich der Außenwand des ersten Brenners 2. Die Zündelektroden sind mit Verbindungsstücken 11 auf der Außenseite des ersten Brenners 2 befestigt.However, the distance between the ignition electrodes 7 of the outer wall of the first burner significantly larger. The distance of the ignition electrodes 7 from each other is greater in the region of the support plate than in the region of the outer wall of the first burner 2. The ignition electrodes are fastened with connecting pieces 11 on the outside of the first burner 2.
In Figur 2 ist als Ausführungsbeispiel für einen erfindungsgemäßen Brenner ein Brenner 2 dargestellt, an dessen Außenwand zwei in Längsrichtung des Brenners 2 verlaufende Zündelektroden 7 angebracht sind. Der Brenner 2 kann insbesondere als erster Brenner in der mit Bezug auf FIG 1 beschriebenen Brenneranordnung dienen.In FIG. 2, a burner 2 is shown as an exemplary embodiment of a burner according to the invention, on the outer wall of which two ignition electrodes 7 extending in the longitudinal direction of the burner 2 are mounted. The burner 2 can in particular serve as the first burner in the burner arrangement described with reference to FIG.
Die Zündelektroden des Brenners 2 sind durch einThe ignition electrodes of the burner 2 are through a
Schutzelement 8 abgedeckt, das im vorliegenden Beispiel als U-förmig gebogenes Blech 8 ausgebildet ist. Die Schenkel des Bleches 8 weisen jeweils einen abgewinkelten Bereich auf, in dem sie an der Außenwand des Brenners 2 befestigt sind. Die Befestigung 10 erfolgt vorteilhafterweise durch geeignete lösbare Verbindungselemente, z.B. Schrauben, damit im Bedarfsfall ein Zugang zu den Zündelektroden 7 möglich ist. Statt der lösbaren Verbindung sind grundsätzlich auch nicht lösbare Verbindungen möglich, bspw. Schweißverbindungen. Das U-förmige Blech erstreckt sich zumindest über den vorderen Teil der Zündelektroden 7, d.h. den Teil, der nahe den Elektrodenspitzen 12 liegt.Protective element 8 covered, which is formed in the present example as a U-shaped bent sheet 8. The legs of the sheet 8 each have an angled region, in they are attached to the outer wall of the burner 2. The attachment 10 is advantageously carried out by means of suitable detachable connecting elements, for example screws, so that, if necessary, access to the ignition electrodes 7 is possible. In principle, non-detachable connections are also possible instead of the detachable connection, for example welded connections. The U-shaped metal sheet extends at least over the front part of the ignition electrodes 7, ie the part which lies close to the electrode tips 12.
Das Blech 8 sollte aus einem stoßfesten und biegesteifen Werkstoff wie z.B. Stahl gefertigt sein. Der Abstand des Bleches 8 von den Zündelektroden 7 sollte mindestens so groß sein, dass bei Anliegen einer Zündspannung an den Zündelektroden 7 kein Überschlag zwischen dem Schutzblech 8 und den Zündelektroden 7 erfolgt . Der konkrete Wert für den Abstand hängt von der Durchschlagsfestigkeit des Mediums zwischen den Elektroden 7 und dem Schutzblech 8 sowie der Geometrie der Zündelektroden und der bei Anliegen der Zündspannung herrschenden Temperatur ab. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel mit Luft als Medium sollte ein Sicherheitsabstand von mindestens 5 mm eingehalten werden, wenn die Zündspannung 5 kV beträgt.The sheet 8 should be made of an impact resistant and rigid material such as e.g. Be made of steel. The distance of the sheet 8 from the ignition electrodes 7 should be at least so great that when a firing voltage applied to the ignition electrodes 7 no flashover between the fender 8 and the ignition electrodes 7 takes place. The concrete value for the distance depends on the dielectric strength of the medium between the electrodes 7 and the protective plate 8 as well as the geometry of the ignition electrodes and the temperature prevailing when the ignition voltage is applied. In the present embodiment with air as the medium, a safety distance of at least 5 mm should be maintained if the ignition voltage is 5 kV.
Figur 3 zeigt einen im Brenner 2 mit zwei an seiner Außenwand angebrachten Zündelektroden 7. Auch dieser Brenner 2 kann insbesondere als erster Brenner in der mit Bezug auf FIG 1 beschriebenen Brenneranordnung dienen.FIG. 3 shows an ignition electrode 7 mounted in the burner 2 with two ignition electrodes 7 mounted on its outer wall. This burner 2 can also be used, in particular, as the first burner in the burner arrangement described with reference to FIG.
Rechts und links von den Zündelektroden 7 des in FIG 3 dargestellten Brenners 2 verläuft jeweils eine Längsrippe 8. Die Längsrippen 8 stehen von der Oberfläche des Brenners 2 aus über die Zündelektroden 7 vor, so dass die Zündelektroden 7 vor Stößen geschützt sind. Die Rippen 8 sind fest mit der Wand des Brenners 2 verbunden. Die Befestigung 10 kann beispielsweise durch Schweißen oder Löten erfolgen. Lösbare Verbindungen zwischen den Längsrippen 8 und dem Brenner 2, bspw. mittels Schrauben, sind zwar auch möglich, aber nicht lösbare Verbindungen sind völlig ausrechend, da die Anordnung den Zugang zu den Zündelektroden 7 nicht wesentlich einschränkt und die Rippen 8 daher für den Zugang zu den Elektroden 7 nicht abgenommen werden müssen.Right and left of the ignition electrodes 7 of the burner 2 shown in FIG 3 each extends a longitudinal rib 8. The longitudinal ribs 8 project from the surface of the burner 2 via the ignition electrodes 7, so that the ignition electrodes 7 are protected from shocks. The ribs 8 are fixedly connected to the wall of the burner 2. The attachment 10 can be made for example by welding or soldering. Releasable connections between the longitudinal ribs 8 and the burner 2, for example by means of screws, are indeed possible, but not detachable connections are completely ausrechend, since the arrangement does not significantly restrict the access to the ignition electrodes 7 and therefore the ribs 8 need not be removed for access to the electrodes 7.
Wie das Blech des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels sollten die Rippen 8 aus einem stoßfesten und biegesteifen Werkstoff wie z.B. Stahl gefertigt sein. Der Abstand der Rippen von den Zündelektroden 7 sollte bei einer Zündspannung von 5 kV mindestens 5 mm betragen, damit kein Stromüberschlag zwischen einer Zündelektrode und einer Rippe stattfinden kann.Like the sheet of the first embodiment, the ribs 8 should be made of an impact resistant and rigid material such as e.g. Be made of steel. The distance of the ribs from the ignition electrodes 7 should be at least 5 mm at an ignition voltage of 5 kV, so that no flashover between a firing electrode and a rib can take place.
Abschließend sei angemerkt, dass sämtlichen Merkmalen, die in den Anmeldungsunterlagen und insbesondere in den abhängigen Ansprüchen genannt sind, trotz des vorgenommenen formalenFinally, it should be noted that all the features mentioned in the application documents and in particular in the dependent claims, despite the formal
Rückbezuges auf einen oder mehrere bestimmte Ansprüche, auch einzeln oder in beliebiger Kombination eigenständiger Schutz zukommen soll . Refer back to one or more specific claims, even individually or in any combination should receive independent protection.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) mit wenigstens einer an seiner Außenseite verlaufenden Zündelektrode (7), d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s der wenigstens einen Zündelektrode (7) ein Schutzelement (8) zugeordnet ist, welches über die Außenseite des Brenners (2) und über die Zündelektrode (7) hinaus vorsteht.Characterized in that the at least one ignition electrode (7) is associated with a protective element (8), which on the outside of the burner (2) and via the ignition electrode (1). 7) protrudes.
2. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) gemäß Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Schutzelement (8) mit der Außenseite des Brenners (2) verbunden ist .2. Gas turbine burner (2) according to claim 1, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e n e s, s e as the protective element (8) with the outside of the burner (2) is connected.
3. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) gemäß Anspruch 1 und 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Schutzelement (8) die Zündelektrode (7) umgibt, wobei die Zündelektrode (7) zumindest teilweise der Länge nach abgedeckt wird.3. Gas turbine burner (2) according to claim 1 and 2, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e s, the protective element (8) surrounds the ignition electrode (7), wherein the ignition electrode (7) is at least partially covered lengthwise.
4. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) gemäß Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Schutzelement (8) im Querschnitt U-förmig ausgebildet und mit der offenen Seite an der Außenseite des Brenners (2) befestigt ist.4. gas turbine burner (2) according to claim 3, d a d u r c h e c e n e z e c h e n e, d a s s the protective element (8) in cross-section U-shaped and fixed with the open side on the outside of the burner (2).
5. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) gemäß Anspruch 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Schutzelement (8) die Zündelelektrode (7) zumindest im vorderen Bereich nahe den Elektrodenspitzen umschließt.5. Gas turbine burner (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that the protective element (8) surrounds the ignition electrode (7) at least in the front region near the electrode tips.
6. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Schutzelement (8) wenigstens eine Rippe umfasst.6. A gas turbine burner (2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a protective element (8) comprises at least one rib.
7. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) gemäß Anspruch 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s sich die Rippe (8) parallel zur Zündelektrode (7) erstreckt. 7. Gas turbine burner (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that the rib (8) extends parallel to the ignition electrode (7).
8. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) gemäß Anspruch 6 oder 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s sich auf beiden Seiten der Zündelektrode jeweils mindestens eine Rippe befindet.8. Gas turbine burner (2) according to claim 6 or 7, in which there is at least one rib on each side of the ignition electrode.
9. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Schutzelement (8) aus einem biegesteifen und stoßfesten Material ist.9. Gas turbine burner (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective element (8) is made of a rigid and impact-resistant material.
10. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s der Abstand zwischen dem Schutzelement (8) und der Zündelektrode (7) mindestens so groß ist dass bei Anliegen einer Zündspannung an der Zündelektrode (7) kein Überschlag zwischen dem Schutzelement (8) und der Zündelektrode (7) erfolgt .10. gas turbine burner (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the protective element (8) and the ignition electrode (7) is at least so great that when a firing voltage to the ignition electrode (7) no flashover between the protective element ( 8) and the ignition electrode (7).
11. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h seine Ausgestaltung als Pilotbrenner für eine Brenneranordnung.11. Gas turbine burner (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, g e c e n e c e n e t d u r c h its design as a pilot burner for a burner assembly.
12. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s der Brenner (2) zwei Zündelektroden (7) mit jeweils einer Elektrodenspitze umfasst und beim Anlegen einer Zündspannung zwischen den beiden Zündelektroden ein Funkenüberschlag an den Elektrodenspitzen erfolgt.12. Gas turbine burner (2) according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e s, the burner (2) comprises two ignition electrodes (7), each with an electrode tip and a sparkover occurs at the electrode tips when an ignition voltage between the two ignition electrodes.
13. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Schutzelement einem Bereich der Zündelektrode (7) zugeordnet ist, der zur Elektrodenspitze hinführt. 13. Gas turbine burner (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective element is associated with a region of the ignition electrode (7) leading to the electrode tip.
14. Gasturbinenbrenner (2) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s er rotationssymmetrisch ist und sich die wenigstens eine an seiner Außenseite verlaufende Zündelektrode (7) parallel zur Symmetrieachse des Gasturbinenbrenners (2) erstreckt.14. A gas turbine burner (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it is rotationally symmetrical and the at least one ignition electrode (7) extending on its outside extends parallel to the axis of symmetry of the gas turbine burner (2).
15. Gasturbine mit einem Gasturbinenbrenner (2) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. 15. Gas turbine with a gas turbine burner (2) according to one of the preceding claims.
EP07788421A 2006-08-23 2007-08-14 Burner with a protective element for ignition electrodes Active EP2054669B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2007/058411 WO2008022948A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2007-08-14 Burner with a protective element for ignition electrodes
EP07788421A EP2054669B1 (en) 2006-08-23 2007-08-14 Burner with a protective element for ignition electrodes

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KR (1) KR101391212B1 (en)
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ATE462933T1 (en) 2010-04-15
RU2439433C2 (en) 2012-01-10
JP2010501767A (en) 2010-01-21
JP5484436B2 (en) 2014-05-07
CN101501401A (en) 2009-08-05
KR20090048508A (en) 2009-05-13
EP1892474A1 (en) 2008-02-27
EP2054669B1 (en) 2010-03-31
US8327616B2 (en) 2012-12-11
KR101391212B1 (en) 2014-05-02
RU2009110175A (en) 2010-09-27
US20110120077A1 (en) 2011-05-26
JP2012107624A (en) 2012-06-07
ES2342500T3 (en) 2010-07-07
DE502007003342D1 (en) 2010-05-12
PT2054669E (en) 2010-04-21
WO2008022948A1 (en) 2008-02-28

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