EP2050313A1 - Litzenleitung - Google Patents
LitzenleitungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2050313A1 EP2050313A1 EP07787978A EP07787978A EP2050313A1 EP 2050313 A1 EP2050313 A1 EP 2050313A1 EP 07787978 A EP07787978 A EP 07787978A EP 07787978 A EP07787978 A EP 07787978A EP 2050313 A1 EP2050313 A1 EP 2050313A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- individual wires
- wires
- wire
- stranded
- stranded conductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/30—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying alternating current, e.g. due to skin effect
- H01B7/303—Conductors comprising interwire insulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
Definitions
- the invention is based on a stranded wire, in particular for an induction heating device, with at least one set of individual wires according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Litz wires which have a set of thin individual wires which are enclosed by a common insulating sleeve. These are used, for example, in induction coils for generating alternating magnetic fields, in particular in induction heating devices.
- An undesirable effect of the generated time-varying magnetic field is the induction of electrical currents, the so-called eddy currents or eddy currents, within the stranded line which cause power losses.
- the object of the invention is in particular to provide a generic Litz wire with improved properties in terms of reducing power losses.
- the invention is based on a stranded wire, in particular for an induction heating device, with at least one set of individual wires.
- the stranded conductor has a current-coupled spacing means, which is intended to keep adjacent individual wires spaced apart by a magnetic weakening distance, whereby power losses, which are caused in particular due to an alternating magnetic field in the stranded conductor, can be reduced.
- a “magnetic attenuation distance” is to be understood in particular a distance to a single wire, in which the field strength of the magnetic field generated by a current flowing in the single wire, is substantially less than the field strength of the magnetic field at the edge of this single wire.
- the field strength at a point spaced from the single wire is "substantially less" than the field strength at the edge of the single wire when the field strength at the spaced point is less than 80%, preferably less than 70% and preferably less than 50% of the field strength at the edge of the single wire is.
- the "field strength" of an alternating magnetic field at a point can be understood to mean a time average of the field strength of the time-dependent magnetic field at this point.
- the time-dependent magnetic field can be described by the magnetic flux density B or the magnetic field strength H.
- a single wire of the stranded conductor experiences an alternating magnetic field, which is generated by a current in a single wire surrounding the individual wire.
- This alternating field can induce electrical eddy currents (also called eddy currents) in the single wire, which cause power loss of the stranded conductor.
- P power losses, here denoted by P, depend on the field strength of the alternating magnetic field at a point x of the stranded line at this point with the ratio P (x) ⁇ B 2 (x).
- the spacing means which preferably keeps a single wire away from the adjacent single-wire wires via the attenuation distance, the environmental effects (or proximity effects) causing the above-described power losses can advantageously be reduced.
- "adjacent individual wires" can be understood as meaning directly adjacent individual wires.
- a “distance” and a “distance” are preferably distances in the cross section of the stranded conductor perpendicular to the running direction of the stranded conductor.
- a distance “to” a wire may be understood to mean a distance to the center or edge of the wire.
- a distance “between” two wires may be understood to mean a distance between the center or edge of the first wire and the center or edge of the second wire.
- a "single wire” can be understood in particular to mean an electrically conductive wire of the stranded conductor, in which part of the current flows in the case of a current flowing in the stranded conductor.
- the set of the stranded conductor preferably has more than three individual wires.
- the use of the spacer means are particularly suitable for stranded conductors, which advantageously have at least twenty individual wires, preferably at least fifty individual wires and particularly advantageously at least one hundred individual wires, whereby a high reduction of power losses can be achieved.
- a "current-coupled" means of the stranded conductor should in particular be understood to mean a means of the stranded conductor which remains current-free in the case of a current flowing in the individual wires.
- the spacer means is advantageously made of an electrically insulating material.
- the magnetic attenuation distance is advantageously at least 20% of a single wire cross-sectional dimension.
- a "single wire cross-sectional extension” is to be understood in particular to mean an extension of a single wire in its cross-section.
- the cross section is preferably a mental section along a plane that is aligned perpendicular to the direction of the single wire.
- This individual wire cross-sectional extension is dependent on the design of the individual wire cross-section. For example, if a single wire has a circular cross-section, the single-wire cross-sectional extension preferably corresponds to the single-wire diameter. If the stranded conductor has individual wires which have a different individual wire cross-sectional extension, the smallest, average or maximum individual wire cross-sectional extension in the set of individual wires can be understood by the single-wire cross-section reinforcement.
- the spacing means extend over at least 20% of the current range of the stranded conductor cross section.
- a low current density can be achieved, whereby a low magnetic field strength can be achieved within the stranded wire.
- current range can be understood as meaning in particular the region of the stranded conductor cross section which is provided for the individual wires. Preferably, this area is bounded by an insulating sheath of the stranded conductor.
- the spacing means comprise at least one set of current-coupled wires.
- the current-coupled wires extend between the individual wires preferably at least predominantly over the length of the stranded conductor.
- the wires run in particular over at least 50%, preferably over at least 70% and particularly advantageously over at least 90% of the length of the stranded conductor.
- the wires can advantageously have the length of the individual wires.
- the spacing means comprise a coating agent, with which the individual wires are coated.
- the coating agent extends around a single wire over a distance in the cross section of the stranded wire, which is preferably at least 10% of the individual wire cross-sectional extension of the single wire.
- the spacing means comprise an embedding means, in which at least part of the set of individual wires is embedded.
- the part is formed, for example, of inner wires of the set of individual wires.
- an "inner wire” can be understood in particular to mean a single wire of the set of individual wires, which is enclosed by the set of edge wires which are arranged at the edge of the stranded wire.
- the embedding agent can completely fill a space between adjacent inner wires and / or between inner wires and edge wires, which are adjacent to these inner wires, with material.
- the embedding means may completely fill a gap between the edge wires and an insulating sheath of the stranded wire.
- the spacer means be made of a rubber elastic material.
- a particularly flexible stranded conductor can be achieved and a cost-effective electrically insulating material can be used.
- a "rubber-elastic" material is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a material which is protected by means of a natural rubber, such as e.g. Rubber, and / or an artificially manufactured rubber, such as e.g. an elastomer, or another material that appears reasonable to those skilled in the art, which has the elastic properties of rubber.
- the spacer means is preferably made of a particular temperature-resistant elastomer.
- the spacing means be made of a silicone material, whereby a cost-effective spacing means can be achieved.
- the spacer may be made of a silicone elastomer, whereby a temperature-resistant spacer can be achieved inexpensively.
- the individual wires are distributed uniformly over the Litzen Obersquerites. It can thereby be achieved optimal utilization of the space provided for the individual wires space in Litz Obersquerites. Furthermore, a uniform current density can be achieved over a large area of the Litz Obersqueritess and thereby local increases in the magnetic field strength can be avoided.
- the individual wires in the stranded conductor cross section may have a regular grid structure.
- the stranded conductor is designed as an induction coil line for an induction heating device.
- an induction heating device strong magnetic fields can be generated by the induction coil, which at maximum power of the induction heating device, e.g. up to 40 mT. It is particularly advantageous in such an application if a stranded conductor according to the invention is used for the induction coil of the induction heating device, since particularly high power losses can be avoided in view of the generated magnetic fields.
- FIG. 1 shows an induction hob in a top view with cooking zones and induction heating devices associated with the cooking zones
- FIG. 2 shows a view of an induction heating device with an induction coil
- FIG. 3a shows a line cross-section of a stranded conductor of the induction coil
- FIG. 3b shows a longitudinal section of the stranded conductor from FIG. 3a
- 4 shows the course of the magnetic flux density as a function of the radial distance to the center of a current-conducting wire of the stranded conductor
- FIG. 6 shows a line cross-section of a stranded conductor according to the invention with spaced-apart wires
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show the curves of the squared magnetic flux density along the cross section of the stranded conductors from FIGS. 5 and 6,
- FIG. 8 shows the course of the magnetic flux density in the induction coil of FIG. 2 in comparison with the course of the magnetic flux density in a conventional induction coil, FIG.
- Fig. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of the stranded wire with embedded in an insulating material conductive wires and
- FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of the stranded conductor with conductive individual wires, which are coated with an insulating material.
- FIG. 1 shows an induction hob 10 in a view from above.
- This has a mounting frame 12, which can be attached to a worktop, a cooking plate 14 for placing a cookware, on which cooking zones 16 are designated, and a control panel 18 on.
- a heating plate 14 for placing a cookware, on which cooking zones 16 are designated, and a control panel 18 on.
- Below the cooking plate 14, an induction heater 20 is arranged below the cooking plate 14.
- the induction heater 20 includes power electronics and induction coil units 22, each associated with a cooking zone 16.
- FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of one of the induction coil units 22 of the induction heating device 20.
- the induction coil unit 22 has an induction coil 24, of which only a partial area is shown for the sake of clarity.
- the induction coil 24 is arranged on a carrier plate 26.
- the induction coil 24 has a wound induction coil line, which is designed as a stranded conductor 28.
- FIG. 3 a shows the line cross section of the stranded conductor 28, which corresponds to a section along a plane perpendicular to the course direction of the stranded conductor 28.
- the stranded conductor 28 has a set of wires which are enclosed by a plastic insulating sleeve 30. As can be seen from the various hatchings, the wires are divided into two sets of different natures.
- the first sentence includes senior Individual wires 34 which conduct an electric current during operation of the induction coil unit 22. In this operation, a fraction of a current flowing through the stranded conductor 28 flows in a single wire 34.
- the individual wires 34 are preferably under the same voltage.
- the second set includes additional wires 38 which are current coupled.
- these current-coupled wires 38 remain current-free, while a current flows through the individual wires 34.
- these wires 38 are shown by means of a plastic hatching. In this case, regardless of the material of the wires 38, this hatching should indicate the fact that the wires 38 are current-coupled in contrast to the individual wires 34.
- the stranded conductor 28 is shown with a small number of individual wires 34 in the figure.
- the stranded conductor 28 may be provided with a larger number of individual wires, such as at least 30, 50 or 100 individual wires.
- the set of down-coupled wires 38 forms a spacer means 40 by which two adjacent conductive strands 34 are spaced apart by a magnetic attenuation distance m.
- This weakening distance m is about 90% of a single wire cross-sectional extension d, which corresponds to the diameter of the individual wires 34.
- the wires 38 are made of a silicone elastomer.
- the wires 38 extend between the individual wires 34 over the entire length of the stranded conductor 28, as shown in FIG. 3b, in which the stranded conductor 28 is shown in a sectional view along the line IIIb-IIIb in FIG. 3a.
- the ratio of the individual wires 34 to the wires 38 in the embodiment of Figure 3a is 45%.
- the spacer means 40 therefore extends in the cross-section over at least 50% of a limited by the insulating sheath 30 and provided for the individual wires 34 and the wires 38 current range 42 of the stranded conductor 28.
- the wires 38 and the individual wires 34 have identical diameters. Further embodiments in which the wires 38 and the individual wires 34 have different diameters and / or the stranded conductor 28 has a further ratio of the individual wires 34 to the wires 38 are conceivable.
- FIG. 4 shows a single wire 34 of the stranded conductor 28, which is removed from the stranded conductor 28.
- a magnetic field by means of the magnetic flux density B is described in this text.
- the ratio r / r 0 is plotted on the x-axis. As can be seen from the diagram, from the edge of the single wire 34, the magnetic flux density drops with the radial distance rab. It is now assumed that another electrically conductive single wire 34 '(shown in phantom) is disposed in the vicinity of the illustrated single wire 34. By the magnetic wire generated by the individual wire 34
- Alternating electric currents are generated in the individual wire 34 '. These currents, also called eddy currents, correspond to a power P (r), which is lost for another application, here a heating of a feed by induction effects. This power at a distance r is proportional to the field strength of the magnetic flux density at this distance squared: P (r) ⁇ B 2 (r).
- P (r) the power loss can be kept low.
- the spacing of the edge of the individual wire 34 'to the individual wire 34 is understood to mean a distance of the additional individual wire 34'.
- the term “reduction” refers to the arrangement of the individual wires 34 and 34 ', in which they rest against each other.
- the value r / r 0 1.25, at which the field strength of the magnetic flux density is 80% of the field strength at the edge of the single wire 34, can be regarded as a limit over which an advantageous reduction of the Power losses, at least 35%, can be achieved with regard to an application for an induction coil line.
- a distance r> 1.25r 0 may be considered as the magnetic attenuation distance m in view of the above-mentioned application to induction coils.
- a reduction of at least 50% of the power losses can be achieved if the distance rdem ratio rl r 0 > 1.4 corresponds. In this case, the distance is the other
- FIGS. 5 and 6 The action of the spacer means 40 may be further appreciated by a synopsis of Figs. 5-7.
- stranded conductors with a small number of individual wires 34 are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. This description can be generalized to any number of individual wires 34.
- FIG. 5 shows a stranded conductor 44 with a set of electrically conductive individual wires 34, wherein the individual wires 34 are arranged in direct contact with each other.
- FIG. 6 shows a stranded conductor 46 with an equal number of electrically conductive individual wires 34, which are separated from one another by a spacing means 48 via a magnetic wire
- Weakening distance m are spaced, which corresponds to a diameter formed as a single wire cross-sectional extension d of the individual wires 34.
- the spacer means 48 is formed as a set of down-coupled wires 50 whose diameter corresponds to the single-wire cross-sectional extension d.
- FIG. 7 shows in a diagram the profile of the squared field strength of the magnetic field within the stranded conductor 44 along a line V-V (dashed line) and within the stranded conductor 46 along a line VI-VI (solid line).
- the x-axis corresponds to the distance x along the line V-V or the line Vl-Vl.
- the zero point corresponds to a center 52 of the arrangement of the individual wires 34 in both
- the squared field strength B 2 (x) is plotted on the y-axis at the distance x in the unit 10 6 kg 2 / (s 4 A 2 ), where kg corresponds to one kilogram, s of one second and A corresponds to one ampere.
- the squared field strengths shown are generated by an alternating current in the stranded wires 44, 46 having an intensity of 25 A and a frequency of 25000 Hz, which are typical values of an application of the stranded conductors 44, 46 for the induction heating apparatus 20.
- the spacing means 48 causes the current density in the stranded conductor 46 to be less than that in the stranded conductor 44 with the same amount of current intensity in the stranded conductors 44, 46.
- the squared-line average value over the distance x for the stranded conductor 46 is substantially less than in the configuration without spacing means 48. Furthermore, in the course of the course V 1 -V 1 minima appear, which indicate considerable local reductions of the magnetic field strength within the line 46. In a quantitative manner, it can be seen that the maximum value of the squared field strength, which in both configurations corresponds to the edge of the stranded conductors 44, 46, is reduced by approximately 65%.
- the effect of using the stranded conductor 28 on the induction coil 24 can be perceived by means of the diagram in Figure 8.
- the field strength of the magnetic flux density B is plotted in the unit 10 '4 Tesla.
- the solid line corresponds to the course of the field strength of the magnetic flux density B along the line VIII-VIII in the radial direction of the induction coil 24 (see Figure 2).
- the radial distance x is plotted from the center of the induction coil 24 along the line VIII-VIII. The distance x is expressed in units of the radius of the induction coil 24.
- the dashed line represents the course of the magnetic flux density B along the same line VIII-VIII, wherein the induction coil 24 is provided with a stranded wire having the structure of the stranded conductor 44 of Figure 5. It is assumed that in both configurations the induction coil 24 is fed with an alternating current having an equal intensity and a same frequency. It is further assumed that the stranded conductor 28 and the stranded conductor having the structure of FIG. 5 have the same number of current-conducting individual wires 34, so that the stranded conductor 28 with the spacer means 40 is larger in its cross-section than the other stranded conductor.
- the induction coil 24 has a larger radius than in the configuration with the other stranded wire.
- the distance x from the center of the induction coil 24, which corresponds to the zero point in the diagram is plotted on the x-axis in unit of the diameter of the respective induction coil 24 and is therefore dimensionless.
- a reduction of the field strength of the magnetic flux density within the induction coil 24 can be achieved up to 25%, in particular in the central region of the induction coil 24.
- local peaks of the field strength of the magnetic flux density within the induction coil 24 through the Litzentechnisch 24 be avoided.
- the course of the field strength of the magnetic flux density from the edge of the induction coil 24 to the outside is substantially identical in both configurations.
- FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of a stranded conductor 54 for the induction heating device 20 in a cross-sectional view.
- This comprises an insulating sheath 56 made of plastic, which limits a current range 57 within which a set of electrically conductive individual wires 34 extends. For clarity, a small number of individual wires 34 has been shown.
- a spacing means 58 adjacent individual wires 34 are spaced apart by a magnetic weakening distance m.
- the spacing means 58 has an embedding means 60, in which the individual wires 34 are embedded.
- the magnetic weakening distance m is a single wire cross-sectional extension d, which corresponds to the diameter of the individual wires 34.
- the embedding means 60 which is embodied as a silicone compound, forms a surface which is continuous in the stranded conductor cross-section and completely fills up spaces between adjacent individual wires 34 and between individual wires 34 at the edge of the current region 57 and the insulating jacket 56.
- the embedding means 60 is made of a silicone elastomer.
- FIG. 1 Another embodiment of a stranded conductor 62 for the induction heating device 20 is shown in FIG.
- the stranded conductor 62 has the insulating sheath 56 which limits the current region 57.
- a set of electrically conductive strands 34 which are spaced apart by a distance means 64 over a magnetic attenuation distance m.
- the spacer means 64 coating agent 66, with which the individual wires 34 are each coated.
- the individual wires 34 provided with this covering means 66 abut each other.
- the coating means 66 have a thickness t which corresponds to the radius of the individual wires 34.
- the magnetic weakening distance m is a single wire cross-sectional extension d, which corresponds to the diameter of the individual wires 34.
- the coating agents 66 are each formed as a layer of a silicone elastomer.
- the individual wires 34 are uniformly distributed over the stranded conductor cross section.
- the corresponding sets of individual wires 34 have a regular grid structure.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200602200A ES2313827B1 (es) | 2006-08-04 | 2006-08-04 | Hilo de litz. |
| PCT/EP2007/057763 WO2008015172A1 (de) | 2006-08-04 | 2007-07-27 | Litzenleitung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2050313A1 true EP2050313A1 (de) | 2009-04-22 |
Family
ID=38606388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07787978A Withdrawn EP2050313A1 (de) | 2006-08-04 | 2007-07-27 | Litzenleitung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2050313A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN101523977B (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2313827B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008015172A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2233685B1 (de) * | 1973-06-12 | 1977-05-06 | Josse Bernard | |
| US4473716A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1984-09-25 | New England Electric Wire Corporation | Compacted fine wire cable and method for producing same |
| US4546210A (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1985-10-08 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Litz wire |
| US5313037A (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1994-05-17 | The Boeing Company | High power induction work coil for small strip susceptors |
| JPH06260270A (ja) * | 1993-03-03 | 1994-09-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 加熱コイル |
| JP2000511338A (ja) * | 1996-05-29 | 2000-08-29 | アセア ブラウン ボヴェリ エービー | 高圧巻線用導体および前記導体を含む巻線を備える回転電気機械 |
| FR2821480B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2003-04-18 | Alstom | Cable conducteur a brins multiples mutuellement isoles avec certains brins non isoles individuellement, et bobine d'inductance pour forts courants incorporant au moins un tel cable |
| JP3823076B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-15 | 2006-09-20 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 誘導加熱用コイル |
-
2006
- 2006-08-04 ES ES200602200A patent/ES2313827B1/es active Active
-
2007
- 2007-07-27 WO PCT/EP2007/057763 patent/WO2008015172A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-07-27 EP EP07787978A patent/EP2050313A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-27 CN CN2007800367803A patent/CN101523977B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2008015172A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008015172A1 (de) | 2008-02-07 |
| ES2313827A1 (es) | 2009-03-01 |
| CN101523977B (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
| CN101523977A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
| ES2313827B1 (es) | 2009-12-17 |
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