EP2045194B2 - Tab seal for sealing a vessel to be closed by plug or cap and related manufacturing method - Google Patents

Tab seal for sealing a vessel to be closed by plug or cap and related manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2045194B2
EP2045194B2 EP08305457.7A EP08305457A EP2045194B2 EP 2045194 B2 EP2045194 B2 EP 2045194B2 EP 08305457 A EP08305457 A EP 08305457A EP 2045194 B2 EP2045194 B2 EP 2045194B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
film
seal
support
heat
reinforcing film
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP08305457.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2045194B1 (en
EP2045194A1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane Triquet
Rémy BISCHOFF
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manufacture Generale de Joints SAS
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Manufacture Generale de Joints SAS
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Application filed by Manufacture Generale de Joints SAS filed Critical Manufacture Generale de Joints SAS
Priority to PL08305457T priority Critical patent/PL2045194T5/en
Publication of EP2045194A1 publication Critical patent/EP2045194A1/en
Publication of EP2045194B1 publication Critical patent/EP2045194B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/18—Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
    • B65D51/20—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D53/00—Sealing or packing elements; Sealings formed by liquid or plastics material
    • B65D53/04—Discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0006—Upper closure
    • B65D2251/0015—Upper closure of the 41-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0068—Lower closure
    • B65D2251/0093—Membrane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2577/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks, bags
    • B65D2577/10—Container closures formed after filling
    • B65D2577/20—Container closures formed after filling by applying separate lids or covers
    • B65D2577/2041—Pull tabs
    • B65D2577/205—Pull tabs integral with the closure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel tongue seal for closing a closure container with a stopper or capsule and its method of manufacture.
  • closure containers by cap or capsule prior to their first opening, is performed by means of a seal which can be bondable or sealable, especially thermally on the rim.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a heat-sealable seal.
  • Such a seal consists of a lid placed around the entire upper rim of the neck of the container or drinking, thereby isolating the container from the outside, and on the other hand, a generally thicker support , inserted, without being fixed, at the bottom of the cap. Prior to the first opening of the container, the support and the lid may be secured by means of a temporary adhesive.
  • the role of the cap is first of all to confer a inviolability of the container before the first opening.
  • it provides the primary sealing vis-à-vis the outside.
  • it must develop certain properties of compatibility with the content that it is supposed to isolate and for example be of food quality as soon as the content itself is food.
  • the support meanwhile, is intended to absorb the tolerances between the bottom of the capsule and / or the cap and the upper part of the neck of the container, and in addition, to ensure secondary sealing when the lid has been totally or partially removed. It is therefore likely to provide some compression with memory effect to precisely allow to absorb these tolerances.
  • the seal is inserted at the bottom of the capsule or cap. Once the container is filled, it comes to screw or clip the cap or the capsule with the seal on the container. The seal portion of the seal is then in contact with the rim. The sealing of the lid on the rim is then performed by induction heat sealing. This heat sealing is made possible by the combined action of a conductive material, inserted in the thickness of the seal, which, under the effect of an electric induction is heated, causing the softening of the sealing film on the rim.
  • the conductive material may be inserted either into the support or into the lid. Most often, it is inserted into the thickness of the lid.
  • the support inserted in the bottom of the cap disengages from the lid remained sealed on the rim. It is only then that the cap is removed by the consumer, sealing in the closed position of the container, then being assured only by the support part of the seal coming to press against the rim.
  • the document DE3920324 discloses an induction heat seal seal consisting of a support and a lid provided with a tongue, the support and the lid being at no time secured to one another. In three illustrated embodiments, only one of them ( figure 1 ) has a tongue turned over its entire surface. The tongue is constituted by the combination of a membrane and a sealing layer, the aluminum sheet being positioned in the support.
  • the document JP 2000-191021 discloses a joint composed of a support and a cover associated with a temporary adhesive. The seal contains a tongue which is either turned over the support or hangs along the rim.
  • the document GB 2,330,134 A describes a joint associating a support and a cover. It has a tongue that is returned with the heat sealing layer between the support and the cover.
  • the document US 4,754,890 separately describes a cover and a support that are never associated temporarily.
  • the problem to be solved by the invention is to develop a tongue seal of the type described in the document DE 3920324 which has a layer of temporary adhesive between the support and the cover without causing risks of sticking of the tongue at the time of the assembly operation with the temporary adhesive or the heat sealing operation.
  • the Applicant has developed a seal provided with a tongue, the returned portion in contact with the support is devoid of heat-sealing layer, and a method for to manufacture said seal.
  • the invention relates to a seal according to claim 1 and to a method according to claim 9.
  • the tongue is constituted by an extension formed in all or part of the thickness of the lid. In no case it is a tab attached to the lid.
  • the number of layers constituting the support and the cap is not limited being recalled that are added in particular the binders ensuring the bonding movies between them.
  • the seal of the invention has a shape adapted to the shape of the container and the cap and can be circular or parallelepiped.
  • the support may be made of any type of compressible material with recovery memory, in particular expanded polyethylene or expanded polypropylene, optionally provided on at least one of its two faces, with a polypropylene film or polyethylene to give it a certain rigidity. It can also be made of cardboard.
  • the support contains a sheet of conductive material that heats up when traversed by an induced electric current (hereinafter referred to as the "conductive material" and in the event that the In practice, the supports envisaged have a thickness of between 0.5 and 4 mm, advantageously between 1 and 2 mm.
  • a sheet of conductive material in particular an aluminum foil, is inserted into the lid and not into the holder, so as to ensure, in combination with the heat-sealing film, the heat sealing by induction of the seal. on the drink.
  • the seal comprises, in practice, between the reinforcing film and the heat-sealing film, a sheet made of a conductive material.
  • the heat-sealing film does not cover the underside of the tongue.
  • the tongue is made exclusively in the extension of the reinforcing film, that is to say only part of the thickness of the lid.
  • the tongue consists solely of the reinforcing film applied to the upper face of the aluminum foil.
  • the lid itself has a three-layer structure (heat-sealing plastic film / conductive material / reinforcing film) while the tongue has a monolayer structure (reinforcing film).
  • Another advantage lies in the application of the electric field at the time of induction, which is distributed homogeneously at the periphery of the aluminum foil, which is not necessarily the case when the tongue is in the extension of said sheet. In the latter case, there is a risk of leakage due to imperfect sealing of the cap on the rim at each side of the base of the tongue.
  • the printing of the ink can be performed directly on the aluminum sheet.
  • a second alternative is to provide not one but two reinforcing films.
  • the cover comprises two reinforcement films superimposed respectively a lower reinforcing film and an upper reinforcing film, a sheet of conductive material being interposed between said lower reinforcing film and the heat-sealing film.
  • the tongue is advantageously arranged exclusively in the extension of the upper reinforcing film.
  • the first reinforcing film covers the entire upper surface of the aluminum foil while the second film covers the entire surface of the first film and has a constituent extension of the tongue.
  • the upper reinforcing film itself consists of two superposed reinforcing films between which an impression can be applied.
  • the tongue is arranged in the extension of the two constituent reinforcing films of the upper reinforcing film.
  • the material constituting the tongue and therefore the reinforcing film will be selected so that the resistance of said material is greater than that of the pulling force of the lid.
  • the reinforcing film is, for example, a biaxially oriented polyester film with a thickness of between 4 and 40 ⁇ m.
  • the heat-sealing film is made of a material chosen from the group comprising polyethylene, polypropylene or polyester.
  • the aluminum foil and the heat-sealing film are combined by means of a binder such as, for example, an isocyanate-hydroxyl two-component adhesive.
  • a binder such as, for example, an isocyanate-hydroxyl two-component adhesive.
  • the aluminum foil is coated with a heat seal layer.
  • the seal has in practice a thickness of between 20 and 600 microns.
  • the coextruded film is a polymer-based film, generally synthetic, and judiciously chosen by those skilled in the art, so as to obtain the desired properties of differential bonding.
  • polymers are, for example, polymers or co-polymers based on acetate, acrylate, polyethylene, etc.
  • the adhesive must be chosen so that the assembly force between the support and the cover is lower than that of the heat-sealing layer on the rim.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing the heat-sealable seals described above.
  • the reinforcing strip is manufactured by association of the strips or film of materials constituting support, in particular those described above.
  • the underside of the reinforcing film strip is associated with a complex formed by said sheet and the heat-sealing film, at the upper face of said sheet.
  • the lid contains, in addition to the sheet made of a conductive material, a lower reinforcing film and an upper reinforcing film, the tongue being arranged in the extension of the single upper reinforcing film, the lower face the upper reinforcing film strip is associated with the following complex: lower reinforcing film strip / sheet of a conductive material / heat-sealing film.
  • the precut of the tongues is produced not in one but in two upper reinforcing film strips previously secured before associating them with the complex lower reinforcing film strip / sheet made of conductive material / heat-sealing film.
  • the assembly force of the reinforcing film or films on the remainder of the lid must be greater than that of the heat-sealed layer on the rim.
  • a seal according to the invention is an induction heat-sealable seal.
  • the seal defined on the figure 1 by the general reference (1) consists of a support (2) ( figure 1 ) and a cover (3) ( figure 2 ) with a tongue (4).
  • the support comprises a layer (5) made of expanded polypropylene or polyethylene and has a thickness of between 1.4 and 1.7 mm.
  • the lid (3) is an induction heat-sealable lid and consists of an aluminum foil (6) associated with a heat-sealable plastic film (7), such as, for example, polyethylene, by means of a binding agent not shown.
  • the lid is further provided with a reinforcing film (8) extending through the pull tab (4). As shown in FIG.
  • the tear-off tongue (4) consists of the only reinforcement film (8), which is, in the joint, before separation, folded on itself and over its entire length, between the upper face of the operculum (3) and the underside of the support (2).
  • the support and the cover are associated by means of a temporary adhesive film (9) represented on the figure 3 .
  • This temporary film is an extruded film of the polyethylene type.
  • the lid is provided with a reinforcing film applied to the surface of an aluminum foil, the only reinforcing film constituting the tongue.
  • these seals are positioned as such at the bottom of the cap, the cap is then screwed or clipped, as appropriate, on the neck of the container. Heat sealing of the seal is done by induction.
  • the cover is first manufactured. To do this, the tabs are precut in the reinforcing film which is then returned to said film.
  • the reinforcement film is rolled up and then unwound onto the complex formed by the aluminum foil and the heat-sealable film, the aluminum foil being covered with a binding agent.
  • the support strips are produced in parallel.
  • the support is associated with the lid thus formed by means of a temporary adhesive. The seal is cut in the thickness to the desired shape separately from the positioning of the tongue.
  • the lid contains a printing layer (10), which is covered with a first reinforcing film (11) whose surface corresponds to that of the lid.
  • the first reinforcing film (11) is in turn covered with a second reinforcing film (12), which has an extension constituting the tongue (4) itself.
  • the manufacturing method is identical to the previous except that the second reinforcing film having the precut is associated with the complex formed by the first reinforcing film / aluminum / heat-sealing film.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Containers Opened By Tearing Frangible Portions (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)

Abstract

The joint has a support (2) at a bottom of a cork or a cap and associated to a cover plate (3) by a temporary adhesive film (7), where the cover plate is sealed on a lip of a container. The plate has an extension constituting a rip tab (6), on all or part of thickness of the plate. The total surface of the tab is folded on a surface of the cover plate in contact with corresponding surface of the support. The plate comprises an aluminum sheet (4) associated to a thermosealable plastic film (5). The plate has a reinforcement film i.e. polyester film, on total supper surface including the tab.

Description

L'invention concerne un nouveau joint à languette destiné à permettre l'obturation d'un récipient à fermeture par bouchon ou capsule ainsi que son procédé de fabrication.The invention relates to a novel tongue seal for closing a closure container with a stopper or capsule and its method of manufacture.

L'étanchéité des récipients à fermeture par bouchon ou capsule, préalablement à leur première ouverture, est effectuée au moyen d'un joint qui peut être collable ou scellable, notamment thermiquement sur le buvant.The sealing of closure containers by cap or capsule, prior to their first opening, is performed by means of a seal which can be bondable or sealable, especially thermally on the rim.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un joint thermoscellable.The invention more particularly relates to a heat-sealable seal.

Un tel joint est constitué d'un opercule mis en place sur tout le pourtour du rebord supérieur du col du récipient ou buvant, isolant de la sorte le récipient de l'extérieur, et d'autre part, d'un support généralement plus épais, inséré, sans être pour autant fixé, au fond du bouchon. Préalablement à la première ouverture du récipient, le support et l'opercule peuvent être solidarisés par le biais d'un adhésif temporaire.Such a seal consists of a lid placed around the entire upper rim of the neck of the container or drinking, thereby isolating the container from the outside, and on the other hand, a generally thicker support , inserted, without being fixed, at the bottom of the cap. Prior to the first opening of the container, the support and the lid may be secured by means of a temporary adhesive.

Le rôle de l'opercule est tout d'abord de conférer une inviolabilité du récipient avant la première ouverture. En outre, il assure l'étanchéité primaire vis-à-vis de l'extérieur. De plus, il doit développer certaines propriétés de compatibilité avec le contenu qu'il est sensé isoler et par exemple être de qualité alimentaire dès que le contenu est lui-même alimentaire.The role of the cap is first of all to confer a inviolability of the container before the first opening. In addition, it provides the primary sealing vis-à-vis the outside. In addition, it must develop certain properties of compatibility with the content that it is supposed to isolate and for example be of food quality as soon as the content itself is food.

Le support, quant à lui, est destiné à absorber les tolérances entre le fond de la capsule et/ou du bouchon et la partie supérieure du col du récipient, et en outre, à assurer l'étanchéité secondaire dès lors que l'opercule a été en tout ou partie retiré. Il est donc susceptible d'assurer une certaine compression avec effet mémoire pour justement permettre d'absorber ces tolérances.The support, meanwhile, is intended to absorb the tolerances between the bottom of the capsule and / or the cap and the upper part of the neck of the container, and in addition, to ensure secondary sealing when the lid has been totally or partially removed. It is therefore likely to provide some compression with memory effect to precisely allow to absorb these tolerances.

En pratique, le joint est inséré au fond de la capsule ou du bouchon. Une fois le récipient rempli, on vient visser ou clipser le bouchon ou la capsule munie du joint sur le récipient. La partie opercule du joint se trouve alors au contact du buvant. Le scellage de l'opercule sur le buvant est ensuite effectué par thermoscellage par induction. Ce thermoscellage est rendu possible par l'action combinée d'un matériau conducteur, inséré dans l'épaisseur du joint, qui, sous l'effet d'une induction électrique s'échauffe, entrainant le ramollissement du film de scellage sur le buvant. Le matériau conducteur peut être inséré soit dans le support, soit dans l'opercule. Le plus souvent, il est inséré dans l'épaisseur de l'opercule. Lorsque que l'on procède pour la première fois à l'ouverture du récipient, le support inséré au fond du bouchon se désolidarise de l'opercule resté scellé sur le buvant. Ce n'est qu'ensuite que l'opercule est retiré par le consommateur, l'étanchéité, en position fermée du récipient, n'étant plus alors assurée que par la partie support du joint venant plaquer par compression sur le buvant.In practice, the seal is inserted at the bottom of the capsule or cap. Once the container is filled, it comes to screw or clip the cap or the capsule with the seal on the container. The seal portion of the seal is then in contact with the rim. The sealing of the lid on the rim is then performed by induction heat sealing. This heat sealing is made possible by the combined action of a conductive material, inserted in the thickness of the seal, which, under the effect of an electric induction is heated, causing the softening of the sealing film on the rim. The conductive material may be inserted either into the support or into the lid. Most often, it is inserted into the thickness of the lid. When one proceeds for the first time to the opening of the container, the support inserted in the bottom of the cap disengages from the lid remained sealed on the rim. It is only then that the cap is removed by the consumer, sealing in the closed position of the container, then being assured only by the support part of the seal coming to press against the rim.

Pour permettre un arrachage efficace et facile de l'opercule par le consommateur, on a proposé d'adjoindre audit opercule une languette facilement préhensible, telle que par exemple décrite dans le document FR-A-2 716 407 .In order to allow efficient and easy tearing of the lid by the consumer, it has been proposed to add to said lid a tongue that is easily grippable, such as for example described in the document FR-A-2,716,407 .

Néanmoins, la présence de cette languette proéminente rend difficile le positionnement du joint au fond du bouchon ou de la capsule, du fait de la surépaisseur créée latéralement. Il est en outre difficile de positionner de manière sûre la languette par rapport au filet ou aux clips agencés dans le bouchon ou la capsule pour éviter tout risque de détérioration de la languette au moment de la fermeture ou de l'ouverture du bouchon ou de la capsule.Nevertheless, the presence of this prominent tongue makes it difficult to position the seal at the bottom of the cap or the capsule, because of the extra thickness created laterally. It is also difficult to securely position the tongue relative to the net or the clips arranged in the cap or the capsule to avoid any risk of damage to the tongue at the time of closure or opening of the cap or the capsule.

Le document DE3920324 décrit un joint thermoscellable par induction constitué d'un support et d'un opercule muni d'une languette, le support et l'opercule n'étant à aucun moment rendus solidaires l'un des l'autre. Sur trois modes de réalisation illustrés, seul l'un d'entre eux (figure 1) comporte une languette retournée sur toute sa surface. La languette est constituée par l'association d'une membrane et d'une couche scellante, la feuille d'aluminium étant positionnée dans le support. Le document JP 2000-191021 décrit un joint composé d'un support et d'un opercule associés par un adhésif temporaire. Le joint contient une languette qui est, soit retournée par dessus le support, soit pend le long du buvant. Le document GB 2 330 134 A décrit un joint associant un support et un opercule. Il présente une languette qui est retournée avec la couche thermoscellante entre le support et l'opercule. Le document US 4 754 890 décrit séparément un opercule et un support qui ne sont jamais associés de manière temporaire.The document DE3920324 discloses an induction heat seal seal consisting of a support and a lid provided with a tongue, the support and the lid being at no time secured to one another. In three illustrated embodiments, only one of them ( figure 1 ) has a tongue turned over its entire surface. The tongue is constituted by the combination of a membrane and a sealing layer, the aluminum sheet being positioned in the support. The document JP 2000-191021 discloses a joint composed of a support and a cover associated with a temporary adhesive. The seal contains a tongue which is either turned over the support or hangs along the rim. The document GB 2,330,134 A describes a joint associating a support and a cover. It has a tongue that is returned with the heat sealing layer between the support and the cover. The document US 4,754,890 separately describes a cover and a support that are never associated temporarily.

Le problème que se propose de résoudre l'invention est de mettre au point un joint à languette du type de celui décrit dans le document DE 3920324 qui présente une couche d'adhésif temporaire entre le support et l'opercule sans pour autant entraîner des risques de collage de la languette au moment de l'opération d'assemblage avec l'adhésif temporaire ou de l'opération de thermoscellage.The problem to be solved by the invention is to develop a tongue seal of the type described in the document DE 3920324 which has a layer of temporary adhesive between the support and the cover without causing risks of sticking of the tongue at the time of the assembly operation with the temporary adhesive or the heat sealing operation.

Pour résoudre le problème du risque de collage au moment de l'induction, le Demandeur a mis au point un joint muni d'une languette, dont la partie retournée en contact avec le support est dépourvue de couche thermoscellante, ainsi qu'un procédé permettant de fabriquer ledit joint.To solve the problem of the risk of sticking at the time of induction, the Applicant has developed a seal provided with a tongue, the returned portion in contact with the support is devoid of heat-sealing layer, and a method for to manufacture said seal.

L'invention concerne un joint selon la revendication 1 et un procédé selon la revendication 9.The invention relates to a seal according to claim 1 and to a method according to claim 9.

Selon l'invention, la languette est constituée par un prolongement formé dans toute ou partie de l'épaisseur de l'opercule. En aucun cas, il ne s'agit d'une languette rapportée sur l'opercule.According to the invention, the tongue is constituted by an extension formed in all or part of the thickness of the lid. In no case it is a tab attached to the lid.

Le nombre de couches constitutives du support et de l'opercule n'est pas limité étant rappelé que viennent s'ajouter notamment les liants assurant le collage des films entre eux.The number of layers constituting the support and the cap is not limited being recalled that are added in particular the binders ensuring the bonding movies between them.

Bien entendu, le joint de l'invention a une forme adaptée à la forme du récipient et du bouchon et peut être circulaire ou parallélépipédique.Of course, the seal of the invention has a shape adapted to the shape of the container and the cap and can be circular or parallelepiped.

S'agissant du support, celui-ci peut être réalisé en tout type de matériau compressible avec mémoire de reprise, notamment en polyéthylène expansé ou en polypropylène expansé, éventuellement muni sur au moins une de ses deux faces, d'un film de polypropylène ou polyéthylène pour lui conférer une certaine rigidité. Il peut également être réalisé en carton. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le support contient une feuille en matériau conducteur s'échauffant lorsque parcouru par un courant électrique induit (dénommé dans la suite de la description et dans les revendication « matériau conducteur » et ce, dans l'hypothèse où l'opercule en est dépourvu. En pratique, les supports envisagés ont une épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 et 4 mm, avantageusement entre 1 et 2 mm.With regard to the support, it may be made of any type of compressible material with recovery memory, in particular expanded polyethylene or expanded polypropylene, optionally provided on at least one of its two faces, with a polypropylene film or polyethylene to give it a certain rigidity. It can also be made of cardboard. In a particular embodiment, the support contains a sheet of conductive material that heats up when traversed by an induced electric current (hereinafter referred to as the "conductive material" and in the event that the In practice, the supports envisaged have a thickness of between 0.5 and 4 mm, advantageously between 1 and 2 mm.

L'opercule va maintenant être décrit plus en détails.The seal will now be described in more detail.

Dans la plupart des cas, une feuille de matériau conducteur , en particulier une feuille d'aluminium, est insérée dans l'opercule et non dans le support, de manière à assurer, en combinaison avec le film thermoscellant, le thermoscellage par induction du joint sur le buvant.In most cases, a sheet of conductive material, in particular an aluminum foil, is inserted into the lid and not into the holder, so as to ensure, in combination with the heat-sealing film, the heat sealing by induction of the seal. on the drink.

En d'autres termes, l'opercule comprend, en pratique, entre le film de renfort et le film thermoscellant, une feuille réalisée en un matériau conducteur.In other words, the seal comprises, in practice, between the reinforcing film and the heat-sealing film, a sheet made of a conductive material.

Selon l'invention, le film thermoscellant ne recouvre pas la face inférieure de la languette.According to the invention, the heat-sealing film does not cover the underside of the tongue.

Dans le mode de réalisation, la languette est réalisée exclusivement dans le prolongement du film de renfort, c'est-à-dire sur partie seulement de l'épaisseur de l'opercule. La languette est dans ce cas constituée uniquement du film de renfort appliqué sur la face supérieure de la feuille d'aluminium. Il s'ensuit que l'opercule proprement dit a une structure tricouche (film plastique thermoscellant/ matériau conducteur / film de renfort) alors que la languette a une structure monocouche (film de renfort). Ce mode de réalisation particulier permet d'éviter les risques éventuels de collage au moment du thermoscellage de la languette en position retournée avec le support, du fait de l'absence du film de scellage. Un autre avantage réside dans l'application du champ électrique au moment de l'induction, qui se répartit de manière homogène à la périphérie de la feuille d'aluminium, ce qui n'est pas forcément le cas lorsque la languette se trouve dans le prolongement de ladite feuille. Dans celle dernière hypothèse, on s'expose à des risques de fuites dues au scellage imparfait de l'opercule sur le buvant au niveau de chaque coté de la base de la languette.In the embodiment, the tongue is made exclusively in the extension of the reinforcing film, that is to say only part of the thickness of the lid. In this case, the tongue consists solely of the reinforcing film applied to the upper face of the aluminum foil. It follows that the lid itself has a three-layer structure (heat-sealing plastic film / conductive material / reinforcing film) while the tongue has a monolayer structure (reinforcing film). This particular embodiment makes it possible to avoid any risk of sticking when the tongue is heat-sealed in the inverted position with the support, because of the absence of the sealing film. Another advantage lies in the application of the electric field at the time of induction, which is distributed homogeneously at the periphery of the aluminum foil, which is not necessarily the case when the tongue is in the extension of said sheet. In the latter case, there is a risk of leakage due to imperfect sealing of the cap on the rim at each side of the base of the tongue.

Dans le mode de réalisation ci-avant évoqué, l'impression de l'encre peut être effectuée directement sur la feuille d'aluminium.
Une seconde alternative consiste à prévoir non plus un mais deux films de renfort. Dans ce cas, l'opercule comprend deux films de renfort superposés respectivement un film de renfort inférieur et un film de renfort supérieur, une feuille en matériau conducteur étant intercalée entre ledit film de renfort inférieur et le film thermoscellant.In the embodiment mentioned above, the printing of the ink can be performed directly on the aluminum sheet.
A second alternative is to provide not one but two reinforcing films. In this case, the cover comprises two reinforcement films superimposed respectively a lower reinforcing film and an upper reinforcing film, a sheet of conductive material being interposed between said lower reinforcing film and the heat-sealing film.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, la languette est avantageusement agencée exclusivement dans le prolongement du film de renfort supérieur. Dans ce cas, le premier film de renfort recouvre la totalité de la surface supérieure de la feuille d'aluminium tandis que le second film recouvre la totalité de la surface du premier film et présente un prolongement constitutif de la languette.In this embodiment, the tongue is advantageously arranged exclusively in the extension of the upper reinforcing film. In this case, the first reinforcing film covers the entire upper surface of the aluminum foil while the second film covers the entire surface of the first film and has a constituent extension of the tongue.

Dans un mode de réalisation perfectionné, le film de renfort supérieur est lui-même constitué de deux films de renfort superposés entre lesquels peut être appliquée une impression. Dans ce cas, la languette est agencée dans le prolongement des deux films de renfort constitutifs du film de renfort supérieur.In an improved embodiment, the upper reinforcing film itself consists of two superposed reinforcing films between which an impression can be applied. In this case, the tongue is arranged in the extension of the two constituent reinforcing films of the upper reinforcing film.

De manière générale, le matériau constitutif de la languette et donc du film de renfort sera choisi de sorte à ce la résistance dudit matériau soit supérieure à celle de la force d'arrachage de l'opercule.
En pratique, le film de renfort est par exemple un film de polyester biorienté d'épaisseur comprise entre 4 et 40 µm.In general, the material constituting the tongue and therefore the reinforcing film will be selected so that the resistance of said material is greater than that of the pulling force of the lid.
In practice, the reinforcing film is, for example, a biaxially oriented polyester film with a thickness of between 4 and 40 μm.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le film thermoscellant est réalisé en un matériau choisi dans le groupe comprenant le polyéthylène, le polypropylène ou le polyester.According to another characteristic, the heat-sealing film is made of a material chosen from the group comprising polyethylene, polypropylene or polyester.

Par ailleurs, la feuille d'aluminium et le film thermoscellant sont associés au moyen d'un liant tel que par exemple une colle bicomposant isocyanate - hydroxyle. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, la feuille d'aluminium est enduite d'une couche thermoscellante.In addition, the aluminum foil and the heat-sealing film are combined by means of a binder such as, for example, an isocyanate-hydroxyl two-component adhesive. In another embodiment, the aluminum foil is coated with a heat seal layer.

Dans tous les cas, l'opercule a en pratique, une épaisseur comprise entre 20 et 600 µm.In all cases, the seal has in practice a thickness of between 20 and 600 microns.

S'agissant de la solidarisation temporaire entre le support et l'opercule, celle-ci est obtenue au moyen d'un film co-extrudé, dont chacune des deux faces a un pouvoir collant différent, la face la plus collante étant par exemple appliquée sur la surface inférieure du support, tandis que la face la moins collante est appliquée sur la face supérieure de l'opercule. En pratique, le film co-extrudé est un film à base de polymère, en général synthétique, et choisi judicieusement par l'homme du métier, de manière à obtenir les propriétés recherchées de collage différentiel. De tels polymères sont par exemple des polymères ou co-polymères à base d'acétate, d'acrylate, de polyéthylène ...As regards the temporary bonding between the support and the cover, this is obtained by means of a coextruded film, each of which has a different tack on both sides, the most tacky face being applied, for example on the lower surface of the support, while the less tacky face is applied to the upper face of the cover. In practice, the coextruded film is a polymer-based film, generally synthetic, and judiciously chosen by those skilled in the art, so as to obtain the desired properties of differential bonding. Such polymers are, for example, polymers or co-polymers based on acetate, acrylate, polyethylene, etc.

L'adhésif doit être choisi de telle sorte à ce que la force d'assemblage entre le support et l'opercule soit inférieure à celle de la couche thermoscellante sur le buvant.The adhesive must be chosen so that the assembly force between the support and the cover is lower than that of the heat-sealing layer on the rim.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication des joints thermoscellables précédemment décrits.The subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing the heat-sealable seals described above.

Dans ce cas, le procédé de l'invention comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • on réalise des prédécoupes de languettes dans une bande de film de renfort,
  • on retourne mécaniquement la totalité de la surface des languettes sur la face supérieure de la bande de film de renfort,
  • on associe ensuite définitivement la face inférieure de la bande de film de renfort avec la bande de film thermoscellant, l'ensemble constituant la bande opercule,
  • parallèlement, on prépare une bande support
  • on solidarise ensuite temporairement la bande support à l'opercule au moyen d'un adhésif temporaire choisi de telle sorte à ce que la force d'assemblage entre le support et l'opercule soit inférieure à celle de la couche thermoscellante sur le buvant, pour former la bande joint,
  • on découpe sur la totalité de l'épaisseur de la bande joint, les joints à la forme souhaitée de façon repérée par rapport aux languettes.
In this case, the method of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • pre-cuts of tongues are made in a reinforcing film strip,
  • the entire surface of the tongues is mechanically returned to the upper face of the reinforcing film strip,
  • the lower face of the reinforcing film strip is then permanently associated with the strip of heat-sealing film, the assembly constituting the sealing strip,
  • in parallel, we prepare a support band
  • the support strip is then secured temporarily to the cover by means of a temporary adhesive chosen so that the assembly force between the support and the cover is less than that of the heat-sealing layer on the rim, for form the attached band,
  • the joints of the desired shape are cut out over the entire thickness of the joined strip with regard to the tongues.

De façon connue, la bande renfort est fabriquée par association des bandes ou film de matériaux constitutifs de support, en particulier ceux décrits précédemment.In known manner, the reinforcing strip is manufactured by association of the strips or film of materials constituting support, in particular those described above.

Lorsque l'opercule contient une feuille en un matériau conducteur, la face inférieure de la bande de film de renfort est associée à un complexe formé par ladite feuille et le film thermoscellant , au niveau de la face supérieure de ladite feuille.When the lid contains a sheet of a conductive material, the underside of the reinforcing film strip is associated with a complex formed by said sheet and the heat-sealing film, at the upper face of said sheet.

Dans le mode de réalisation selon lequel, l'opercule contient, outre la feuille en un matériau conducteur , un film de renfort inférieur et un film de renfort supérieur, la languette étant agencée dans le prolongement du seul film de renfort supérieur, la face inférieure de la bande de film de renfort supérieure est associée au complexe suivant : bande de film de renfort inférieur/feuille en un matériau conducteur /film thermoscellant.In the embodiment according to which, the lid contains, in addition to the sheet made of a conductive material, a lower reinforcing film and an upper reinforcing film, the tongue being arranged in the extension of the single upper reinforcing film, the lower face the upper reinforcing film strip is associated with the following complex: lower reinforcing film strip / sheet of a conductive material / heat-sealing film.

Dans le mode de réalisation selon lequel, le film de renfort supérieur est lui-même constitué de deux films de renfort, on réalise la prédécoupe des languettes non pas dans une mais dans deux bande de film de renfort supérieur préalablement solidarisées avant de les associer au complexe bande de film de renfort inférieur/feuille en un matériau conducteur /film thermoscellant.In the embodiment according to which, the upper reinforcing film itself consists of two reinforcing films, the precut of the tongues is produced not in one but in two upper reinforcing film strips previously secured before associating them with the complex lower reinforcing film strip / sheet made of conductive material / heat-sealing film.

De manière générale, la force d'assemblage du ou des films de renfort sur le reste de l'opercule doit être supérieure à celle de la couche thermoscellée sur le buvant.In general, the assembly force of the reinforcing film or films on the remainder of the lid must be greater than that of the heat-sealed layer on the rim.

Les procédés précédemment cités sont des modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention et ne sont aucunement limitatifs.The processes mentioned above are preferred embodiments of the invention and are in no way limiting.

L'invention et les avantages qui en découlent ressortiront mieux des exemples qui suivent, à l'appui des figures annexées.

  • La figure 1 est une représentation schématique en plan du support constitutif du joint de l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en plan de l'opercule constitutif du joint de l'invention.
  • La figure 3 est une représentation en coupe du joint de l'invention, avant solidarisation de la partie opercule et de la partie support selon un premier mode de réalisation.
  • La figure 4 est une représentation en coupe du joint de l'invention, avant solidarisation de la partie opercule et de la partie support selon un second mode de réalisation.
The invention and the advantages which result therefrom will become more apparent from the examples which follow, in support of the appended figures.
  • The figure 1 is a schematic representation in plane of the support constituting the seal of the invention.
  • The figure 2 is a plan view of the seal constituting the seal of the invention.
  • The figure 3 is a sectional representation of the seal of the invention, before securing the cap portion and the support portion according to a first embodiment.
  • The figure 4 is a sectional representation of the seal of the invention, before securing the cap portion and the support portion according to a second embodiment.

Exemple 1Example 1

Un joint selon l'invention est un joint thermoscellable par induction. En particulier, le joint défini sur la figure 1 par la référence générale (1) est constitué d'un support (2) (figure 1) et d'un opercule (3) (figure 2) muni d'une languette (4). Comme le montre la figure 3, le support comprend une couche (5) réalisée en polypropylène ou polyéthylène expansé et présente une épaisseur comprise entre 1,4 et 1.7 mm. L'opercule (3) est un opercule thermoscellable par induction et, est constitué d'une feuille d'aluminium (6) associée à un film plastique thermoscellable (7), tel que par exemple du polyéthylène, au moyen d'un agent liant non représenté. L'opercule est en outre muni d'un film de renfort (8) se prolongeant par la languette d'arrachage (4).Comme le montre la figure 3, la languette d'arrachage (4) est constituée du seul film de renfort (8), laquelle est, au sein du joint, avant désolidarisation, repliée sur elle-mêne et sur la totalité de sa longueur, entre la face supérieure de l'opercule (3) et la face inférieure du support (2). Selon l'invention, le support et l'opercule sont associés au moyen d'un film adhésif temporaire (9) représenté sur la figure 3. Ce film temporaire est un film extrudé du type polyéthylène.A seal according to the invention is an induction heat-sealable seal. In particular, the seal defined on the figure 1 by the general reference (1) consists of a support (2) ( figure 1 ) and a cover (3) ( figure 2 ) with a tongue (4). As shown in figure 3 the support comprises a layer (5) made of expanded polypropylene or polyethylene and has a thickness of between 1.4 and 1.7 mm. The lid (3) is an induction heat-sealable lid and consists of an aluminum foil (6) associated with a heat-sealable plastic film (7), such as, for example, polyethylene, by means of a binding agent not shown. The lid is further provided with a reinforcing film (8) extending through the pull tab (4). As shown in FIG. figure 3 , the tear-off tongue (4) consists of the only reinforcement film (8), which is, in the joint, before separation, folded on itself and over its entire length, between the upper face of the operculum (3) and the underside of the support (2). According to the invention, the support and the cover are associated by means of a temporary adhesive film (9) represented on the figure 3 . This temporary film is an extruded film of the polyethylene type.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'opercule est muni d'un film de renfort appliqué à la surface d'une feuille d'aluminium, le seul film de renfort constituant la languette.In this embodiment, the lid is provided with a reinforcing film applied to the surface of an aluminum foil, the only reinforcing film constituting the tongue.

En pratique, ces joints sont positionnés tels quels au fond du bouchon, le bouchon étant ensuite vissé ou clipsé, selon les cas, sur le col du récipient. Le thermoscellage du joint est effectué par induction.In practice, these seals are positioned as such at the bottom of the cap, the cap is then screwed or clipped, as appropriate, on the neck of the container. Heat sealing of the seal is done by induction.

S'agissant du procédé, on fabrique tout d'abord l'opercule. Pour ce faire, on prédécoupe les languettes dans le film de renfort que l'on retourne ensuite sur ledit film. On enroule puis on déroule le film de renfort sur le complexe formé par la feuille d'aluminium et le film thermoscellable, la feuille d'aluminium étant recouverte d'un agent liant. On fabrique parallèlement les bandes support. On associe le support à l'opercule ainsi formé au moyen d'un adhésif temporaire. On découpe le joint dans l'épaisseur à la forme souhaitée de manière séparée par rapport au positionnement de la languette.As regards the process, the cover is first manufactured. To do this, the tabs are precut in the reinforcing film which is then returned to said film. The reinforcement film is rolled up and then unwound onto the complex formed by the aluminum foil and the heat-sealable film, the aluminum foil being covered with a binding agent. The support strips are produced in parallel. The support is associated with the lid thus formed by means of a temporary adhesive. The seal is cut in the thickness to the desired shape separately from the positioning of the tongue.

Exemple 2Example 2

Dans cet exemple représenté sur la figure 4, l'opercule contient une couche d'impression (10), laquelle est recouverte d'un premier film de renfort (11) dont la surface correspond à celle de l'opercule. Le premier film de renfort (11) est recouvert à son tour d'un second film de renfort (12), lequel présente un prolongement constituant la languette (4) proprement dite.In this example shown on the figure 4 , the lid contains a printing layer (10), which is covered with a first reinforcing film (11) whose surface corresponds to that of the lid. The first reinforcing film (11) is in turn covered with a second reinforcing film (12), which has an extension constituting the tongue (4) itself.

Le procédé de fabrication est identique au précédent si ce n'est que le second film de renfort présentant la prédécoupe est associé au complexe formé par le premier film de renfort /aluminium/ film thermoscellant.The manufacturing method is identical to the previous except that the second reinforcing film having the precut is associated with the complex formed by the first reinforcing film / aluminum / heat-sealing film.

Exemple 3Example 3

L'invention et les avantages qui en découlent ressortent bien de la description qui précède, on note notamment l'avantage de réaliser un joint à languette dans lequel la languette est repliée dans l'épaisseur du joint, de manière à permettre un bon positionnement du joint au fond du bouchon sans risque de créer de surépaisseur ou de déchirer la languette au moment de l'ouverture ou de la fermeture du récipient. En outre et surtout l'absence de film thermoscellant sur la partie de la languette en contact avec le support permet, malgré la présence d'un liant temporaire de s'affranchir du problème de collage de la languette au moment de l'ouverture.The invention and the advantages that derive from it are apparent from the foregoing description, in particular the advantage of making a tongue seal in which the tongue is folded in the thickness of the joint, so as to allow proper positioning of the seal at the bottom of the cap without risk of creating extra thickness or tear the tab when opening or closing the container. In addition and especially the absence of heat-sealing film on the portion of the tongue in contact with the support allows, despite the presence of a temporary binder to overcome the problem of gluing the tongue at the time of opening.

Claims (12)

  1. Heat-sealable seal (1) for closing a container having a plug or cap closure, comprising a support (2) to be positioned at the bottom of the plug or of the cap, and a membrane seal comprising at least one reinforcing film (8) and a heat-sealing film (7) for application to the mouth of the container, the membrane seal being provided with a prolongation constituting a pull tab (4), whereof the whole surface is folded back on the face of the membrane seal in contact with the corresponding face of the support, wherein the portion of the tab in contact with the support after the latter has been folded, is devoid of heat-sealing film, the heat-sealing film not covering the lower face of the tab, and in that the support and the membrane seal are joined by means of a temporary adhesive (9) having a co-extruded film form covering the tab, chosen such as the joining force between the support and the membrane seal is less than that of the heat-sealing layer onto the mouth, each of the faces of the co-extruded film having a different adhesive power, the most adhesive face is applied onto the lower face of the support, while the less adhesive face is applied onto the upper face of the membrane seal.
  2. Seal according to Claim 1, wherein the support (2) is made from expanded polyethylene or from expanded polypropylene, optionally provided with a polypropylene film on at least one of its two faces.
  3. Seal according to Claim 1, wherein the membrane seal comprises, between the reinforcing film (8) and the heat-sealing film (7), a sheet (6) made from a conducting material.
  4. Seal according to Claim 3, wherein the tab (4) is produced exclusively in the prolongation of the reinforcing film (8).
  5. Seal according to Claim 1, wherein the membrane seal (3) comprises two superimposed reinforcing films, a lower reinforcing film (11) and an upper reinforcing film (12) respectively, a sheet of conducting material (6) being inserted between the said lower reinforcing film (11) and the heat-sealing film (7).
  6. Seal according to Claim 5, wherein the tab (4) is arranged exclusively in the prolongation of the upper reinforcing film (12).
  7. Seal according to Claim 5, wherein the upper reinforcing film (12) itself consists of two superimposed reinforcing films, and in that the tab is arranged in the prolongation of the two reinforcing films constituting the upper reinforcing film (12).
  8. Seal according to Claim 1, wherein the reinforcing film (8) is a film of bio-oriented polyester having a thickness of between 4 and 40 µm.
  9. Method for fabricating a heat-sealable seal (1) for closing a container having a plug or cap closure, comprising a support (2) to be positioned at the bottom of the plug or of the cap, and a membrane seal (3) comprising at least one reinforcing film (8) and a heat-sealing film (7) for application to the mouth of the container, the membrane seal (3) being provided with a prolongation constituting a pull tab (4), whereof the whole surface is folded back on the face of the membrane seal in contact with the corresponding face of the support, whereby:
    - tabs are precut in a reinforcing film strip ,
    - the whole surface of the tabs is mechanically overturned on the upper face of the reinforcing film strip ,
    - the lower face of the reinforcing film strip is then permanently joined to the heat-sealing film strip, the composite constituting the membrane seal strip,
    - a support strip is prepared simultaneously,
    - the support strip is then temporarily joined to the membrane seal by means of a temporary adhesive; chosen such as the joining force between the support and the sealing membrane is less than of the heat-sealing layer onto the mouth, to form the sealing strip;
    - the seals are cut out on the whole of the thickness of the sealing disc strip, to the desired shape, in a marked manner with regard to the tabs.
  10. Method according to Claim 9, wherein when the membrane seal contains a sheet of a conducting material, the lower face of the reinforcing film strip is joined to the conducting material sheet/heat-sealing film composite, at the upper face of the said sheet.
  11. Method according to Claim 10, wherein when the membrane seal contains a lower reinforcing film and an upper reinforcing film, the tab being arranged in the prolongation of the upper reinforcing film alone, the lower face of the upper reinforcing film strip is joined to the following composite: lower reinforcing film strip/conducting material sheet/heat-sealing film.
  12. Method according to Claim 11, wherein when the upper reinforcing film itself consists of two reinforcing films, the tabs are precut in two previously joined upper reinforcing film strips before joining them to the following composite: lower reinforcing film strip/conducting material sheet/heat-sealing film.
EP08305457.7A 2007-09-25 2008-08-07 Tab seal for sealing a vessel to be closed by plug or cap and related manufacturing method Active EP2045194B2 (en)

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FR0757839A FR2921347B1 (en) 2007-09-25 2007-09-25 TAPPED SEAL FOR CLOSING OF A CLOSURE CONTAINER BY CAP OR CAPSULE

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CA2693664A1 (en) 2009-04-02
ATE440042T1 (en) 2009-09-15
BRPI0810889B1 (en) 2018-10-30
IL204478A (en) 2015-03-31
US8672168B2 (en) 2014-03-18
CN101687582B (en) 2011-04-13
UA96656C2 (en) 2011-11-25
MY165701A (en) 2018-04-20
RU2009147742A (en) 2011-06-27
EP2045194B1 (en) 2009-08-19
BRPI0810889A2 (en) 2014-10-29
CN101687582A (en) 2010-03-31
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JP2010540354A (en) 2010-12-24
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AU2008303432A1 (en) 2009-04-02
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US20090078671A1 (en) 2009-03-26
FR2921347B1 (en) 2011-08-19
DE602008000102D1 (en) 2009-10-01
PL2045194T5 (en) 2016-05-31
HK1141500A1 (en) 2010-11-12
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ZA201001906B (en) 2011-05-25
EP2045194A1 (en) 2009-04-08

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