EP2045182A2 - Corps de déplacement fluide pour la flottation d'urgence d'une embarcation - Google Patents

Corps de déplacement fluide pour la flottation d'urgence d'une embarcation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2045182A2
EP2045182A2 EP08105342A EP08105342A EP2045182A2 EP 2045182 A2 EP2045182 A2 EP 2045182A2 EP 08105342 A EP08105342 A EP 08105342A EP 08105342 A EP08105342 A EP 08105342A EP 2045182 A2 EP2045182 A2 EP 2045182A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inflatable
bladder
vessel
framing assembly
displacement body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08105342A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2045182A3 (fr
Inventor
Jörg Heinermann
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2045182A2 publication Critical patent/EP2045182A2/fr
Publication of EP2045182A3 publication Critical patent/EP2045182A3/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
    • B63B43/10—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving buoyancy
    • B63B43/12—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving buoyancy using inboard air containers or inboard floating members

Definitions

  • the subject invention relates generally to a floatation devices for waterborne vessels, and to an inflatable water displacing body for preventing the complete submersion of water craft in danger of sinking, in particular.
  • a common cause of sinking vessels is a rupture in the hull with subsequent sudden influx of water. Often this is caused by collisions with objects in blue water conditions or on large lakes such as floating containers, trees, other vehicles and reefs. As a result of the rupture, water rapidly enters the hull, or the space between a double-walled hull, replacing the air.
  • a similar effect is present when excessive influx of water is caused by large waves or capsizing of the watercraft in stormy conditions, or when the vessel's drain or bilge pumps are not able to effectively evacuate the water entering into the vessel. In each of these events, the added weight of the water within the open spaces of the vessel eventually overcomes the vessel's buoyancy, and sinking is the result.
  • buoyant force is the upward force on an object produced by the surrounding fluid (in this case water) in which it is fully or partially immersed, due to the pressure difference of the fluid between the top and bottom of the object.
  • the net upward buoyancy force is equal to the magnitude of the weight of fluid displaced by the body.
  • Displacement is the term used for the weight of the displaced fluid and, thus, is an equivalent term to buoyancy.
  • the buoyancy of an object depends, therefore, only upon two factors: the object's submerged volume (which equals the volume of fluid displaced or "displaced volume”), and the density of the surrounding fluid.
  • the density of the vessel may be reduced to less than that of water by increasing the vessel's volume.
  • the greatest effect on the vessel's volume come from "air-filled” spaces, for example the space of the cockpit, cabin, double-walls and similar areas 'confined' within the hull of the watercraft. These open spaces increase the volume of the vessel thereby reducing its overall density (hereinafter, "average density").
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,121,888 issued to Morgan et al which teaches a protected inflatable component located along the top of the outside surface of the hull. When needed, this inflatable body is filled with gas from a pressurized air cylinder in order to provide a buoyant bag along the top of the boat keeping the boat afloat.
  • U.S. Patent. No. 4,817,555 issued to Gon discloses a boat holding a canister of compressed air which is automatically triggered by the rising of a float inside of the boat. Upon opening of the canister, longitudinal bags along the top of the hull outside the boat are inflated to keep the boat afloat.
  • 5,357,888 issued to Insinna discloses a boat having an elongated inflatable buoyancy tube located on the outside of the hull.
  • the tube is connected to a source of compressed air which, when automatically or manually activated, provides air to the buoyancy tube to keep the vessel afloat.
  • Other examples are U.S. Patent No. 1,283,345 issued to Sova in 1918 as well as U.S. Patent Number 6,435,125 issued to Meras in 2002 .
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,458,618 issued to Tufflier which teaches a vessel having enclosed areas such as cabins and cockpits and equipped with three inflatable 'envelopes'. A compressed air container is attached to the three envelopes so that, when needed, the envelopes may be automatically or manually inflated to render the boat buoyant.
  • Other examples are U.S. Patent Number 3,340, 842 issued to Winslow in 1967 , U.S. Patent Number 3,324,816 issued to Vogalsang in 1967 , U.S. Patent Number 3,092,853 issued to Owen in 1963 , U.S. Patent Number 1,320,012 issued to Lee and Cochran in 1919 , U.S. Patent Number 1,170,095 issued to Neumann in 1916 and U.S. Patent Number 644,480 .
  • the subject invention is directed to a portable inflatable water displacing body for preventing complete submersion of watercraft in immanent danger of sinking due to a sudden influx of water.
  • All embodiments of the invention are comprised generally of at least one bladder, normally mounted within the hull of the vessel in a collapsed and deflated condition, each bladder having: 1) internal volumetric expansion means including an inlet connected to an external gas source for charging the expansion means and a relief valve for controlling the amount of pressure in the expansion means, and 2) a check valve for allowing one-way passage of ambient air into the bladder.
  • the expansion means is comprised of an extremely light-weight, highly flexible tubular framework which when charged with the gas expands into a pre-defined three-dimensional geometric shape causing the volume within the surrounding bladder to increase.
  • the increase in volume reduces the pressure and creates a partial vacuum, which is filled by air pushed in through the check valve by the higher atmospheric pressure.
  • the expanded water displacing body competes for and successfully occupies space within the vessel's hull, and preferably but not essentially below the waterline, which would otherwise be filled by incoming water. Because both the volume of the vessel and its average density are substantially maintained, so is the buoyancy needed to keep the vessel afloat.
  • the subject water displacing body can be actuated automatically upon triggering of a float valve or, in the alternative, manually with minimal effort by one person. Volumetric expansion of the device can be accomplished within a short period of time (under 2 minutes) to prevent the watercraft from dangerously submerging into the water or sinking.
  • a primary object of the subject invention to provide a portable inflatable water displacing body for preventing complete submersion of watercraft in immanent danger of sinking due to a sudden influx of water.
  • the subject invention has several advantages over devices of the prior art not the least of which is that the filling of the displacement body may be accomplished using only a small amount of compressed air complimented by large amounts of atmospheric air. Accordingly, only a small cylinder of pressurized air is needed to inflate the framing structure of the subject invention versus large and heavy tanks needed by like devices of the prior art.
  • inflation of the structural frame component of the subject invention can be accomplished manually without the need for compressed air tanks at all; thus the device does not necessarily rely on any 'technical' equipment such as gas or compressed air in containers. Because no large tanks or air compressors are required the subject apparatus has substantially less mass per unit volume over similar prior art devices and, therefore, has a lesser impact on the vessel's average density. Also, due to the small size of device when folded, it can be easily carried between crafts and for service purposes and it does not entail a substantial reduction of usable space within the watercraft during its ordinary usage. Still another advantage of the subject invention over the prior art is that set off, installation and initialization of the device are significantly easier. Finally, the subject apparatus is relatively simple in design and therefore capable of rapid construction, installation and use, and is relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
  • FIG. 1 a perspective view of the subject fluid displacement body for emergency floatation of a marine vessel (hereinafter sometimes also referred to simply as “displacement body”), designated generally by reference numeral 10 and shown in its fully operational (inflated) configuration.
  • the subject apparatus is comprised of three primary components, namely: 1) a bladder 12 normally mounted within the hull of a vessel in a collapsed and deflated condition, 2) volumetric expansion means 14 within the bladder and generally comprised of an inflatable framing assembly, and 3) a check valve 16 for allowing one-way passage of ambient air into the bladder upon inflation of the framing assembly.
  • bladder 12 is a flexible enclosure with waterproof and gas-proof walls, and is preferably but not essentially fabricated from a lightweight material that is flexible, tolerant of high pressure and capable of being folded and unfolded (or rolled and unrolled) with ease.
  • a woven polyester or other polymeric fabric may be employed, or textiles used in the manufacture of rubber boats and other flexible floatation devices.
  • Siloflex K50 / S One example of such a material is produced by a German company and sold under the brand name, Siloflex K50 / S.
  • the interior surface of bladder 12, and especially seems and corners, may be re-enforced with integrated mesh netting for added strength and durability, and both interior and exterior surfaces may be treated with various coatings well known in the industry to impart additional weather resistant and protective properties.
  • volumetric expansion is accomplished via expansion of volumetric expansion means 14 located within bladder 12.
  • volumetric expansion means 14 is comprised of an extremely light-weight, highly flexible tubular framework, closed to the atmosphere and which when charged with only a small amount of gas expands into a pre-defined three-dimensional geometric shape causing the volume within the surrounding bladder 12 to increase.
  • bladder 12 reduces the pressure therein and creates a partial vacuum which is filled by air pushed in through check valve 16 by the higher ambient atmospheric pressure.
  • the expanded fluid displacement body 10 competes for and successfully occupies space within the vessel's hull as described in greater detail herein.
  • volumetric expansion means 14 may be fabricated of a flat-woven 100% polyester, high tenacity, low friction loss hose material such as that used for air pressure tools and air compressors.
  • the inner lining of each tube member 20 is preferably fabricated from either polyurethane or Hytrel® (made by DuPont) to impart a smooth surface and high flexibility for storage purposes. Other advantages of these materials are that they are extremely light-weight, rot-resistant and capable of withstanding pressures up to 30 Bar.
  • Tube members 20 have an exterior diameter ranging from approximately two (2") inches to four (4) inches with three (3") inches being preferred. Employment of the subject apparatus in other applications may necessitate larger or smaller diameters.
  • Corner members 22 having an interior diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of tube members 20 such that the latter may be brought into slidable engagement with the former, are prefabricated from an injection molded plastic or other suitable material that is not subject to cracking in extreme temperatures. Bonding agents well known to those skilled in the art are used to create a permanent leak-proof union.
  • Inflation of volumetric expansion means 14 may be accomplished either manually, such as with a bicycle pump or using an external pressure source such as a pressurized air tank 24 such as those used by firefighters as an oxygen supply.
  • a pressurized air tank 24 such as those used by firefighters as an oxygen supply.
  • Such units are typically lightweight and robust and have a capacity of approximately 6 liters.
  • two tanks may be joined together using conventional coupling means.
  • Tank 24 is connected to framing inlet 26 either directly or via hose 28. Each component may be reciprocally threaded for this purpose.
  • Framing inlet 26 may be fixedly attached to any tube member 20 and at any location although a location within one of the bottom members of the framed assembly is preferred. Referring once again to Figure 1 , it should be appreciate that inlet 26 passes through bladder 12 in sealing engagement therewith.
  • Relief valve 30 releases excess amounts of pressurized air into chamber 18 of bladder 12, or alternatively into the ambient air, when the maximum desired pressure within framing assembly 14 is reached.
  • Relief valve 30 is therefore used to control or limit the pressure in the framing assembly by allowing the pressure source fluid (air) to flow from an auxiliary passage, away from the main flow path.
  • Relief valve 30 is designed or set to open at a predetermined pressure to protect framing assembly 14 , as well as other components of the subject apparatus, from being subjected to pressures that exceed their design limits.
  • the relief valve becomes the "path of least resistance" as the valve is forced open and a portion of the fluid is diverted through the auxiliary route, typically into chamber 18 . This action further aids in the volumetric expansion of bladder 12 and increases the pressure therein to better resist outside pressure which may increase with the influx of water into the vessel, but this is not essential for the proper operation of the subject device.
  • Check valve 16 is a mechanical device, a valve, that allows ambient air 100 to flow through it in only one direction, namely from outside fluid displacement body 10 into chamber 18 of bladder 12.
  • Check valve 16 is a two-port valve, meaning it has two openings in its body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave.
  • Check valve 16 works automatically and is not controlled by a person or any external control; accordingly, it does not require a valve handle or stem.
  • Its body (external shell) is made of plastic or metal. Its cracking pressure, or minimum pressure outside the subject apparatus at which the valve will operate, is set to freely allow entry of ambient air upon volumetric expansion of bladder 12 caused by inflation of framing assembly 14 .
  • Check valve 16 may be connected to a hose 32 having the same diameter (approximately four (4") inches to five (5") inches in length and a length of approximately three (3') feet. Because water entering the vessel will naturally begin to rise, it is desirable to locate check valve 16 on the uppermost surface of displacement body 10 as shown ( Figure 1 ).
  • the free end 34 of hose 32 includes a floatation ring 36 made of, for instance, polystyrene and coated for high abrasion resistance. Thus, free end 34 of hose 32 will float above the surface of any water entering the vessel.
  • a plurality of mounting fixtures 38 are fixedly attached to structurally re-enforced sections of bladder 12 for mounting of the apparatus to surfaces within the watercraft, preferably as low in the hull as possible, such as floor surfaces within the cabin compartment if present.
  • inflation of bladder 12 is accomplished by increasing the volume of its interior chamber 18 through erection of the tubular framing assembly 14 housed therein using a relatively small amount of gas. This increase in volume reduces the pressure within the bladder creating a partial vacuum. Because air flows from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration, the higher atmospheric pressure pushes ambient air through check valve 16 filling the chamber without any need for onboard gas. In short, the bladder is filled by ambient air rather than pressurized air stored onboard the vessel.
  • filling of the subject displacement body may be accomplished using only a small amount of compressed air complimented by relatively large amounts of atmospheric air.
  • the subject water displacement body 10 may be actuated automatically upon triggering of a float valve or, in the alternative, manually with minimal effort by one person.
  • volumetric expansion of the device can be accomplished within a short period of time (under 2 minutes) to prevent the watercraft from dangerously submerging into the water or sinking.
  • FIG. 5A and 5B a small Sail Yacht 102 (hereinafter “vessel 102" or “watercraft”) is illustrated diagrammatically in side and plan views, respectively.
  • Vessel 102 is of typical size for recreational use, but is also capable of crossing the oceans.
  • Vessel 102 is illustrated in full load departure or “full displacement” condition where it is submerged to a point that the waterline 104 (dotted line) substantially equals its load line 106 (solid line).
  • the purpose of the load line is to endure that a vessel has sufficient freeboard (meaning distance between the uppermost deck and the waterline) and thus sufficient reserve buoyancy.
  • Waterline 104 refers to an imaginary line marking the level at which a vessel floats in the water 108 .
  • Figure 5B illustrates the arrangement of fixtures within the cabin compartment such as shower/toilet 110 , isle way 112, sleeping compartments 114 , and galley 116 .
  • the subject apparatus will be preferably mounted via mounting means 38 to the cabin floor or cockpit floor in its collapsed or storage configuration ( Figure 4 ).
  • the vessel begins to take on water as a result of either swamping or, as is illustrated in this instance, a breach 110 in the vessel's hull 112 .
  • the small tank of compressed air 24 is turned open either manually or automatically, inflating framing assembly 14 within chamber 18 of bladder 12.
  • Chamber 18 will be caused to simultaneously fill with atmospheric air 100 and by this achieve volumetric expansion necessary to substantially maintain the vessel's interior space that would otherwise be flooded by incoming water. This action could be considered the equivalent of a "bailing effect".
  • the total volume of the fluid displacement body or bodies needed to maintain vessel buoyancy will depend on the specifications of the watercraft (i.e., specific weight and volume or average density). Because both the volume of the vessel and its average density are substantially maintained, so is the buoyancy needed to keep the vessel afloat.
  • displacement body 10 has displaced a sufficient volume of water to reduce the average density of the craft relative to the surrounding water. While the craft has experienced some sinking as a result of the increase in mass and decrease in volume associated with the water it has taken on (as evidenced by the waterline 104 being lower than the load line 106 ), there is sufficient buoyancy to keep the vessel afloat and there remains substantial freeboard to keep passengers and equipment dry.
  • Figures 7 and 8 depict alternative locations of a plurality of fluid displacement bodies within the watercraft 102.
  • Figures 9A through 9I are simplified illustrations of the subject apparatus depicting sequential stages of its deployment including elapsed time in the process.
  • Figure 9A shows the subject apparatus at zero minutes in its collapsed or stowage configuration.
  • Figure 9B shows the apparatus at 0:02 minutes having been laid flat on the cockpit or cabin floor.
  • Figure 9C shows the apparatus at 0:15 minutes attached to the floor using four pre-installed floor anchors.
  • Figure 9D shows the apparatus at 0:20 minutes completely unfolded (note that multiple folding arrangements are conceivable).
  • Figure 9E shows the apparatus at 0:45 minutes fully unfolded and completely locked to the floor anchors.
  • Figure 9F shows the apparatus at 1:00 minute after filling of the frame structure with compressed air has commenced. Ambient air begins entering the interior chamber of the bladder.
  • Figure 9G shows the apparatus at 1:30 minutes with maximum volumetric expansion achieved.
  • Figure 9H shows the apparatus relieving excess gas from the compressed air cylinder into the interior of the bladder to avoid over pressurization of the framing assembly.
  • Figure 9I shows the apparatus at 2:00 minutes in its fully operable configuration as a fluid displacement body. Total set up time may be achieved in under 2:00 minutes, however, it is important to note that of this time only approximately 45 seconds require actual attention of the user (and none if inflation is triggered automatically upon entry of water).
  • the device may be activated and will eventually float to the cabin's ceiling. In this case it will not provide a dry space for shelter within the craft but by its sheer volume will still prevent complete submerging or sinking. Because the device after initial actuation does not need any further attention by the crew, time for repair attempts, and/or initiating rescue requests from third parties, and/or maneuvering the vessel to a safe location is gained.
  • the subject apparatus is suitable for use in a wide variety of small watercraft and vessels, either of recreational, commercial or military use, which are designed with an (partially) enclosed space such as a cockpit or a cabin.
  • the device may also be employed by open boats in which case although there is no secure shelter the device will still prevent the vessel from sinking.
  • the present invention makes an evacuation obsolete because the watercraft will be prevented from submerging.
  • the vessel will maintain an almost similar displacement in the water as an undamaged watercraft, in particular maintaining sufficient freeboard to keep passengers and essential equipment (i.e., auxiliary battery, radio and electronic equipment) dry.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
EP08105342A 2007-09-25 2008-09-15 Corps de déplacement fluide pour la flottation d'urgence d'une embarcation Withdrawn EP2045182A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/903,788 US20090078183A1 (en) 2007-09-25 2007-09-25 Fluid displacement body for emergency floatation of marine craft

Publications (2)

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EP2045182A2 true EP2045182A2 (fr) 2009-04-08
EP2045182A3 EP2045182A3 (fr) 2010-09-08

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9290144B1 (en) * 2014-11-05 2016-03-22 Matthew John Cox Sensor based vehicle flotation device
DK3211691T3 (da) * 2016-02-23 2019-06-24 Torqeedo Gmbh Batterikasse

Citations (13)

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US644480A (en) 1898-11-25 1900-02-27 Francisco L De Villa Device for preventing ships from sinking.
US1170095A (en) 1915-04-09 1916-02-01 Jakob S Neumann Insubmergible ship.
US1283345A (en) 1918-04-29 1918-10-29 Emil Sova Means for preventing vessels from sinking.
US1320012A (en) 1919-10-28 Puanooraph co
US3092853A (en) 1958-09-24 1963-06-11 John R Owen Buoyancy units
US3121888A (en) 1961-12-14 1964-02-25 Raymond W Morgan Watercraft preserver
US3324816A (en) 1965-01-08 1967-06-13 Roger G Vogelsang Safety float for marine craft
US3340842A (en) 1966-04-06 1967-09-12 Charles A Winslow Marine safety systems
US4458618A (en) 1978-10-23 1984-07-10 Rosa Tuffier nee Boubis Safety device for rendering a boat unsinkable
US4817555A (en) 1987-09-25 1989-04-04 Meinen Lee O Boat flotation collar
US4864961A (en) 1988-06-14 1989-09-12 Slonski Richard M Auxiliary flotation system
US5357888A (en) 1993-12-08 1994-10-25 Insinna David E Emergency floatation system for a water craft
US6435125B2 (en) 2000-05-26 2002-08-20 Float Rail, Inc. Float switch activation assembly

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US4887551A (en) * 1986-07-21 1989-12-19 Musetti Louis J Retractable leash
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IL150217A0 (en) * 2002-06-13 2002-12-01 Boats Rescue Systems Ltd Anti-sinking device
ES2241468A1 (es) * 2003-11-12 2005-10-16 Jose Vicente Saez Ros Elemento de flotabilidad.
FR2862603B1 (fr) * 2003-11-20 2006-02-24 Georges Kach Flotteurs auto-gonflables

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1320012A (en) 1919-10-28 Puanooraph co
US644480A (en) 1898-11-25 1900-02-27 Francisco L De Villa Device for preventing ships from sinking.
US1170095A (en) 1915-04-09 1916-02-01 Jakob S Neumann Insubmergible ship.
US1283345A (en) 1918-04-29 1918-10-29 Emil Sova Means for preventing vessels from sinking.
US3092853A (en) 1958-09-24 1963-06-11 John R Owen Buoyancy units
US3121888A (en) 1961-12-14 1964-02-25 Raymond W Morgan Watercraft preserver
US3324816A (en) 1965-01-08 1967-06-13 Roger G Vogelsang Safety float for marine craft
US3340842A (en) 1966-04-06 1967-09-12 Charles A Winslow Marine safety systems
US4458618A (en) 1978-10-23 1984-07-10 Rosa Tuffier nee Boubis Safety device for rendering a boat unsinkable
US4817555A (en) 1987-09-25 1989-04-04 Meinen Lee O Boat flotation collar
US4864961A (en) 1988-06-14 1989-09-12 Slonski Richard M Auxiliary flotation system
US5357888A (en) 1993-12-08 1994-10-25 Insinna David E Emergency floatation system for a water craft
US6435125B2 (en) 2000-05-26 2002-08-20 Float Rail, Inc. Float switch activation assembly

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US20090078183A1 (en) 2009-03-26
EP2045182A3 (fr) 2010-09-08

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