EP2029281A1 - Method for the agglomeration and/or coagulation of aerosols - Google Patents
Method for the agglomeration and/or coagulation of aerosolsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2029281A1 EP2029281A1 EP07764379A EP07764379A EP2029281A1 EP 2029281 A1 EP2029281 A1 EP 2029281A1 EP 07764379 A EP07764379 A EP 07764379A EP 07764379 A EP07764379 A EP 07764379A EP 2029281 A1 EP2029281 A1 EP 2029281A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- charged
- aerosols
- air mass
- electrically
- positively
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H13/00—Dispersing or preventing fog in general, e.g. on roads, on airfields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
- B03C3/0175—Amassing particles by electric fields, e.g. agglomeration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/16—Plant or installations having external electricity supply wet type
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/14—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation the gas being moved electro-kinetically
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the agglomeration and / or coagulation of aerosols in a passively moved air mass in open space, in which the moving air mass passively moves through at least one planar substantially two-dimensional, electrically charged structure and thereby the aerosols contained therein in spatial Close to each other positively and negatively charged electrically and agglomerate such oppositely charged aerosols and / or coagulate.
- the invention relates to the use of the method according to the invention for the removal of water aerosols, in particular mist, or fine dusts from the air.
- the polarity of the aerosols is always the same in conventional electrostatic precipitators and the uniformly charged aerosols are deposited on an opposite or uncharged surface.
- the required separation surfaces require considerable construction effort.
- the air mass to be treated is actively moved by means of pumps.
- electrostatic precipitators so the structural design effort is high and the same applies to the associated costs.
- the currently used electrostatic precipitators are spatially limited.
- Fog itself is not dangerous, but can be a significant hazard by obstructing the visibility of traffic facilities such as roads, airports and ports.
- traffic facilities e.g. Highways which produce large amounts of water vapor can even cause the released water vapor to restrict the operator at certain seasons of operation in order to avoid a traffic hazard.
- mist represents a large part of the amount of water available. Regrettably, this amount of water is of no use to humans, animals and plants and usually evaporates shortly after daybreak.
- Fine dust has in recent years more and more recognized as hazardous to health, as it due to the small size to deep into the bronchi, and even partially into the alveoli of the lung, can penetrate and degraded or discharged very slowly.
- fine dusts as described, for example, in US Pat.
- the direct and long-term contact with the lung cells is problematic.
- house dust and otherwise inert fine dusts can affect the lung function permanently. While there are some devices and methods for the reduction of fine dust in enclosed spaces, which are usually realized as a filter or air scrubber, there are no effective methods for the removal of these health-impairing fine dust available for outdoor areas.
- the method should be able to remove water vapor, preferably water vapor in the form of fog, on the one hand to free transport facilities such as roads, aviation and shipping ports thereof, to gain other water, especially drinking water and / or industrial water.
- the method should be able to remove fine dusts, preferably those from internal combustion engines, in order to reduce the load on production facilities and traffic centers.
- the abovementioned objects are achieved by the method according to the invention for the agglomeration and / or coagulation of aerosols in a passively moved air mass in open space, in which the moved air mass passes passively through at least one planar substantially two-dimensional, electrically charged structure and thereby the therein contained aerosols in spatial proximity to each other positively and negatively charged electrically and agglomerate such oppositely charged aerosols and / or coagulate.
- a passively moved air mass means that the air mass is not exposed to non-natural active convection forces.
- the air mass moves only by its inertia or natural convection forces, such as. Wind. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, there is also no spatial enclosure / limitation of the air mass before or after the electrically charged structure. This saves design effort. The same applies to the absence of actively operated, i. using energy-driven convection.
- Aerosols are airborne, ie floatable, liquid or solid particles which preferably have an average diameter of ⁇ 100, more preferably ⁇ 50 ⁇ m at a density of about 1 g / cm 3 .
- Natural mist usually has a mean diameter of 20 microns and common dust such as house dust or bacteria have a mean diameter of 10 microns.
- the fall rate of these aerosols in still air is normally a few centimeters per minute.
- Floating aerosols remain in an air mass only up to a certain net mass or size. The residence time of very small aerosols in an air mass can last for months to years outdoors.
- the method of the invention charges positively and negatively electrically the aerosols contained in a moving air mass during passive movement through a two-dimensional essentially two-dimensional, electrically charged structure in spatial proximity to one another so that the aerosols charged in the opposite direction agglomerate and / or coagulate.
- agglomeration the skilled person understands the attachment of solids by physisorption and / or chemisorption, whereas coagulation means the merging of two previously separate liquids into a liquid / droplet.
- the agglomeration and / or coagulation by the method according to the invention leads to a strong increase in the volume as well as the mass of the aerosols and thus ultimately leads to their accelerated sedimentation out of the moving air mass. It can fall speeds up to several centimeters per second come about, allowing a quick removal of fog and other aerosols. For example, mist droplets with a mean diameter of 10 ⁇ m sediment only a few centimeters per minute, but with 50 ⁇ m droplets they fall at about one meter per second.
- the inventive method allows the separation / precipitation of aerosols in a short time, as soon as the particles have a sufficiently large mass. Depending on the framework conditions, this is possible after a few meters behind the electrically charged structure with the method according to the invention.
- planar substantially two-dimensional electrically charged structure (s) can be done in many suitable ways.
- a charged structure is alternately positively and negatively charged to charge the aerosols contained in the passively moved air mass successively in spatial proximity to each other positively or negatively electrically.
- the frequency of the alternating positive and negative electrical charge should be chosen so that the already charged aerosols are not re-polarized or deposited by the charged structure.
- the frequency of loading thus depends on the other conditions such as the voltage, the speed of the air mass and the aerosol loading.
- the charged structure may be spatially separated, ie, in itself, simultaneously positively and negatively charged in order to charge the aerosols contained in the passively moved air mass adjacent to one another in spatial proximity to one another positively or negatively.
- the spatial separation of the positive and negative electrical charge is to be chosen so that the already charged aerosols are not reversed or deposited again by the oppositely charged structure.
- the spatial separation of the opposing loads thus depends on the other conditions such as the voltage, the velocity of the air mass and the aerosol loading.
- the method according to the invention is realized by at least two charged structures which are arranged at such a distance one behind the other in the flow direction of the moving air mass, so that at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, most preferably at least 90%, the aerosols charged by the first structure are already electrically neutral upon agglomeration and / or coagulation when the subsequent structure is reached.
- the neutral and possibly still charged aerosols hit the next loaded structure, they will be charged again or possibly opposite.
- the purpose of this embodiment is the multiple successive agglomeration and / or coagulation to increase the aerosol mass to precipitation. Again, the frequency of loading and the distance of the at least two charged structures from each other on the other conditions such as the voltage, the velocity of the air mass and the aerosol loading depends.
- the planar substantially two-dimensional, electrically charged structure may be any substantially two-dimensional structure useful in the method.
- the charged structure (s) for carrying out the method of the invention are preferably electrically conductive wires, preferably mesh (s) and / or grid of electrically conductive wires, preferably conventional metal wires, with a diameter of 5 to 2000 ⁇ m , preferably a diameter of 50-500 microns.
- the charged structure (s) are (are) subjected to a high voltage, preferably with a voltage of 1 kV to 10OkV, more preferably 5 kV to 50 kV, most preferably 20 to 30 kV busy.
- a high voltage preferably with a voltage of 1 kV to 10OkV, more preferably 5 kV to 50 kV, most preferably 20 to 30 kV busy.
- the frequency / frequency of occupancy must also be taken into account as a function of the other varying parameters for optimal agglomeration and / or coagulation of the aerosols.
- the frequency of the occupancy of the charged structure (s) with the positive and / or negative charge of the speed and / or the aerosol loading of the passively moved air mass is adjusted, so that a substantially uniform charge in the Air mass contained aerosols.
- the current flow for charging the electrically charged structure of the speed and / or the aerosol loading of the passively moved air mass is adjusted so that a substantially uniform charging of the aerosols contained in the air mass is achieved.
- the distance therebetween is preferably chosen such that penetration of the applied high voltage under the selected operating conditions can be essentially precluded.
- the electrically charged structure is a fixed structure with limited flexibility.
- limited flexibility is meant that the shape of the structure hardly or not at all adapts to the pressure of the passively moved air mass.
- An example of such a solid structure is a solid wire mesh.
- the electrically charged structure is a flexible structure, preferably a highly flexible structure, more preferably a sail-like structure extending in the convection direction of the air mass, i. in the wind, aligns.
- a flexible structure preferably a highly flexible structure, more preferably a sail-like structure extending in the convection direction of the air mass, i. in the wind, aligns.
- Such structures are easier, easier to align and less expensive.
- the inventive method for removing water vapor preferably water vapor in the form of mist
- the method is used to remove fog from traffic installations, preferably at traffic facilities such as roads, airports and ship harbors.
- traffic facilities such as roads, airports and ship harbors.
- the inventive method for the production of water especially drinking water and / or water for agriculture from the ambient air, in particular from fog, is used.
- the method of the invention is used to remove particulate matter, preferably particulate matter from combustion processes, more preferably internal combustion engines, most preferably automotive engines.
- particulate matter preferably particulate matter from combustion processes, more preferably internal combustion engines, most preferably automotive engines.
- internal combustion engines most preferably automotive engines.
- the method is particularly suitable for relieving highly polluted traffic junctions, but can be used e.g. also serve to clear certain spaces, e.g. in front of clinics, at spa areas of fine dust, pollen, etc. to liberate.
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
- the arrows (10) represent the convection direction of a passively moved air flow with unloaded aerosol load (3).
- the uncharged aerosols (3) move through a two-dimensional, essentially two-dimensional, electrically charged structure (positive (1) and negative (11 Wires loaded through) and by the existing high voltage fields (positive (2), negative (22)) in spatial proximity positive (4) and negative (5) electrically charged.
- the oppositely charged aerosols (6, 7) diffuse towards and to mix (8). Due to the opposite charges agglomerate and / or coagulate the aerosols and thus increase their mass (9) and thereby their sedimentation. If the sedimentation rate is still insufficient, the aerosols can still pass through the process according to the invention one or more times until the desired mass / sedimentation rate has been reached.
- Fig. 2 carries a flowing air mass (10) uncharged aerosols (1) in two successive electrically charged networks (A) and (B).
- the networks (A) and (B) are subjected to a high voltage of alternating polarity.
- the aerosols carried through the net (A) are alternately provided with positive (1 P) or negative (1 N) charge.
- these oppositely charged aerosols (1 NA and 1 PA) come into contact with each other. It comes to agglomeration and / or coagulation, whereby larger mostly uncharged aerosol body (2) arise.
- Fig. 3 shows a sail-like, designed as a network, flat, substantially two-dimensional, electrically charged structure (A) for carrying out a method according to the invention, which is like a sail over support wires (3) on pillars (4) anchored in the ground (5) to which a positive (1) and a negative (2) voltage are applied.
- An air mass (10) with uncharged aerosols (6) moves through the positively and negatively charged structure, whereby the aerosols are spatially positively and negatively electrically charged and then diffused (7) and accumulate under neutralization, ie agglomerate or coagulate (8), causing the mass and thus the sedimentation rate to increase and the agglomerated or coagulated aerosols of gravity (9) to sink to the earth (5) (11).
- FIG. 4 shows a sail-like, designed as a network, flat, substantially two-dimensional, electrically charged structure (A) for carrying out a method according to the invention, which is like a sail over support wires (3) on pillars (4) anchored in the ground (5)
- Fig. 4A shows two pasture fence ropes with interwoven metal wire, to each of which a positive and a negative high voltage can be applied, but are not applied. Then a water mist is brought between both ropes, which floats down through them.
- Fig. 4B shows the arrangement of Fig. 4A, but with applied bipolar high voltage at which the nebula collapses, i. coagulated.
- Figures 4C and 4D show. the same arrangement, but with two bipolar wires (whose position is indicated in Fig. 4 on the right side by 2 dashes) with a diameter of 0.1 mm, without (4C) or with a bipolar voltage of +15 kV / -15 kV (4D).
- a commercially available nebulizer from medical technology (an ultrasonic nebulizer with fan and hose outlet) was used to detect water vapor nebulae (suspended fog droplets of about 10 to 20 ⁇ m in diameter) from above by gravity through two 50 cm long electric fence ropes stretched across the nebula with braided metal wire at a distance of 4 to 6 cm to each other.
- the bipolar voltage the fog coagulated just before reaching the bipolar high voltage cables (see Fig. 4A (without voltage) Fig. 4B (with bipolar voltage)).
- the construction of the second experiment was identical to that of the first, except that two 50 cm long metal wires with a diameter of 0.1 mm instead of the pasture fence ropes were stretched at right angles to the fog or parallel to the ground.
- the bipolar voltage is applied, the mist already coagulates about 30 cm before reaching the wires (see Fig. 4C (without voltage); Fig. 4D (with bipolar voltage)).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006028182A DE102006028182A1 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2006-06-16 | Process for the agglomeration and / or coagulation of aerosols |
PCT/DE2007/001067 WO2007143985A1 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-06-14 | Method for the agglomeration and/or coagulation of aerosols |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2029281A1 true EP2029281A1 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
Family
ID=38561219
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07764379A Ceased EP2029281A1 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-06-14 | Method for the agglomeration and/or coagulation of aerosols |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2029281A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006028182A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007143985A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104689918A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-06-10 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Wet-type electric deduster |
AT517022A1 (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2016-10-15 | Mci Man Center Innsbruck - Int Hochschule Gmbh | Apparatus and method for producing snow |
CL2019000715A1 (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-10-11 | Univ Adolfo Ibanez | Multi-layer harp mesh for optimal mist water collection and haze removal |
RU2771179C1 (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-04-28 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Учреждение "Институт Прикладной Геофизики Имени Академика Е.К. Федорова" (Фгбу "Ипг") | Fog dispersion device |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0665061A1 (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1995-08-02 | Keiichi Hara | Electrostatic precipitator |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE381217C (en) * | 1922-08-09 | 1923-09-17 | Ernst Sokolowski | Procedure for influencing the natural conditions for the occurrence of meteorological precipitation |
US3600653A (en) * | 1970-04-02 | 1971-08-17 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Fog abatement |
DE2136554A1 (en) * | 1971-07-22 | 1973-02-01 | Hikade Benedikt | THE CAUSE OF RAIN BY EARTH CONTROLLED ELECTRIC CHARGES |
US3892544A (en) * | 1973-07-16 | 1975-07-01 | Crs Ind | Electrodynamic electrostatic gas charge |
RU2144760C1 (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 2000-01-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Мультиком-Холдинг" | Method and electrode for ionizing atmospheric air |
RU2124288C1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-01-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Простос Плюс - М." | Fog and clouds dissipating apparatus |
-
2006
- 2006-06-16 DE DE102006028182A patent/DE102006028182A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2007
- 2007-06-14 WO PCT/DE2007/001067 patent/WO2007143985A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-06-14 EP EP07764379A patent/EP2029281A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0665061A1 (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1995-08-02 | Keiichi Hara | Electrostatic precipitator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2007143985A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102006028182A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
WO2007143985A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
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