RU2771179C1 - Fog dispersion device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fog dispersing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of technology for dispersing fog. The device for dispersing fog contains a grounded flat structure free for the passage of air flow, along which corona electrodes are electrically isolated with a gap relative to its surface, connected to a high-voltage power source. The device is equipped with a corona electrode suspension system, which is made in the form of lamellar hinged chains mounted on high-voltage insulators along a grounded electrically conductive structure.

EFFECT: simplifying the design of the device and increasing the reliability of operation.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of technology, designed to disperse fog over various ground objects, which should include airfields, highways, seaports, etc., where for driving vehicles it is necessary to meet the requirements for the visibility range, as well as open areas for carrying out various sports and entertainment events.

There is a known method of dispersing fog based on the evaporation of fog droplets and the formation of ascending air currents by burning fuel in a controlled area (FIDO project, see, for example, https://habr.com/post/391039/). The device for dispersing fog, which implements the known method, consisted of three pipes laid on both sides of the runway of the airfield. Two lay on the ground, the upper one was located above them; holes were made in the lower pipes. Fuel was injected into the upper pipeline, which flowed into the lower pipes and blew upwards through the holes. The jets of fuel were ignited, the upper pipe warmed up, the fuel evaporated in it, and the system entered the operating mode: it was not liquid that spouted from the holes, but gasoline vapors, forming torches 60-180 cm high. The heat from the flame heated the air in the surrounding space. The mist droplets evaporated, rising air currents formed, and the mist dissipated. The known device was successfully applied in practice and ensured the landing of aircraft in conditions of powerful fogs. However, the known device is characterized by high energy consumption (more than 100 liters of fuel per second) and has not found wide application.

Known methods of electrical effects on the fog. Thus, US Pat. No. 4,671,805, published June 9, 1987, describes a method for dispersing fog using an ion cloud. NASA Report 3481 of 1981 (see http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19820008785_1982008785.pdf) presents research materials on the creation of ion generators. However, the practical application of ion generators for fog dispersal is not presented in published sources.

A method is known for dispersing fogs and clouds, which consists in generating electric charges into the atmosphere by connecting corona wires to a high voltage source, fixed through insulators on supports near the surface of the earth (see "Journal of Geophysical Research", Cambridge, Massachusetts, March 1962, vol. 67, pp. 1073-1082). Information about this method is also reflected in the domestic technical literature (see L.G. Kachurin "Physical basis for influencing atmospheric formations", Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1978, pp. 287-293). Works on testing this method, carried out with the participation of the authors, showed that fog dispersion by this method has a statistically significant result (see V.B. Lapshin, A.A. Paley. Results of field experiments to assess the effect of a corona discharge on fog density. Meteorology and Hydrology 2006, No. 1, pp. 41-47).

A device for dispersing fog is known, the description of which is set out in RF patent No. 2124288 C1, class. E01H 13/00, December 19, 1997, published on January 10, 1999, bul. No. 1. The known device contains wires connected to a current source with a small radius of curvature of the surface, fixed on the insulators of the supports parallel to the electrically conductive grid mounted in a vertical plane passing through the axis of symmetry of adjacent supports.

The well-known technical solution quite successfully solves the problem of fog dissipation (see, for example, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HnMTvwBOXk, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGGkdaVStXs). The corona discharge generated by the corona wires creates an ionic wind that is directed from the corona wires to the grounded grid. The fog cloud, passing through the region of the corona discharge, receives an electric charge, and is directed by the ionic wind (as well as the external wind flow) to the grounded grid. Passing through the cells of the grounded grid, electrically charged fog drops are separated from the wind flow and the wind flow cleared of fog is directed to the area protected from fog space. At the same time, the stability of corona discharge burning, and, consequently, the efficiency of the device, largely depends on the accuracy of the gap between the corona wires and the grounded grid. In places where the gap is less than the design value, an electrical breakdown occurs, and the entire corona discharge generation system is turned off. In places where the gap value is greater than the design value, the intensity of the corona discharge is insufficient for effective fog dispersal. It is a very difficult technical task to provide the required characteristics of the grid surface flatness.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a device for dispersing fog according to the RF patent Ru 2516988 C1, IPC A01G 13/00 (2006/01), published on May 27, 2014, bul. No. 15. This device contains a grounded electrically conductive grid installed on the frame, on top of which electrically conductive rods are installed with a certain step, along the surfaces of which, with a gap, corona electrodes connected to a high-voltage power source are installed, connected to a high-voltage power source. The stability of the gap of the discharge gap between the corona electrodes and the grounded surface in the known device is ensured by the rigid fastening of the elements of the grounded surface on the frame. Also rigidly on the brackets fixed on the frame, guides with corona electrodes fixed on them are installed through the insulators. The accuracy of the value of the gap of the discharge gap in the known device is guaranteed by the fact that both the grounded electrically conductive rods and the corona electrodes are rigidly fixed to the frame. Favorable conditions are created for the formation of a stable corona discharge with predetermined parameters, and the effective operation of the fog dissipation device is ensured. However, mist dispersion in the known device is provided only in the area of the air flow passing through the device. And to disperse fog over a large area, for example, on a highway, it is necessary to install such a device along almost the entire line of its length. And along the entire length line with a step determined by the lengths of the guides, high-voltage insulators must be installed. This increases the installation installation costs due to the significant cost of high-voltage insulators and contributes to an increase in the number of high-voltage leakage lines to the grounded surface.

The purpose of the proposed invention is to simplify the design and reduce its cost.

To achieve the stated goal, a fog dispersal device containing a grounded flat structure free for the passage of air flow, along which corona electrodes are electrically isolated with a gap relative to its surface, connected to a high-voltage power source, is equipped with a system for suspension of corona electrodes, made in the form of plate hinged circuits mounted on high-voltage insulators along a grounded conductive structure;

The corona electrode suspension system comprises at least two lamellar hinged chains installed in the same plane one above the other, on the upper chain of which the corona electrodes are fixed, and in the lower chains structural elements of a flat movable connection with corona electrodes are installed.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the installation of corona electrodes using a special suspension system for corona electrodes relative to the surface of a flat grounded structure. The alleged invention solves the issue of installing corona electrodes electrically isolated and with the exact value of the gap relative to the surface of a flat grounded structure. The proposed system is made in the form of a lamellar articulated chain, which ensures the transfer of weight and wind load from corona electrodes through high-voltage insulators to grounded supports. The main load is the weight load. It is perceived by sagging the system along the so-called catenary hovering line. The probability of occurrence of compressive loads on the structural elements of the suspension system is minimized, which makes it possible to use light high-strength thin-walled profiles as structural elements (plates of a lamellar hinged chain). The sag of the system occurs in a plane parallel to the plane of the grounded structure and does not adversely affect the efficiency of the device. And the possibility of using high-strength thin-walled profiles allows you to significantly increase the distance between the support points of the entire suspension system. Wind loads are not so significant, and the transverse rigidity of the lamellar articulated chains is sufficient to hold them and ensure the stability of the gap between the corona electrodes and the grounded structure. Supplying the fog dissipation device with a corona electrode suspension system, made in the form of plate hinged chains, allows increasing the distance between its attachment points on a grounded surface. The design of the device is simplified and the number of expensive high-voltage insulators is reduced. In addition, the number of lines of probable leakage of high voltage currents is reduced and the reliability of the installation is increased.

On fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed device (cross and longitudinal sections). The device includes two rows of supports 1, which, if necessary, to provide additional rigidity of the structure can be interconnected by jumpers 2. At the corner points formed by the intersection of supports 1 with jumpers 2 of rectangular design, brackets 3 are fixed, on which high-voltage insulators of the upper tier are installed in pairs 4 and lower tier 5, holding the lamellar articulated chain, respectively, of the upper tier 6 and the lamellar articulated chain of the lower tier 7. The attachment points of the brackets 3 are adjusted so that the hanging lines of the upper and lower chains are in the same plane. The lamellar chain includes several rows of plates interconnected by cylindrical bushings, and can be made according to a well-known design (see, for example, http://www.mtomd.info/archives/3187). Discharge electrodes 8 are installed between the plate hinge chains of the upper tier 6 and lower tier 7. Since the hanging lines of the upper and lower chains are in the same plane, all discharge electrodes installed between them, provided that they are straight, will also be in the same plane. In order to ensure the straightness of the design of the corona electrodes 8, the corona electrodes 8 are mounted on the chain of the upper tier, hinged on the axes installed between the plates of the chain. The hinge pins of the chain itself can also be used directly. In the circuit of the lower tier 7, the corona electrodes are installed between the plates of the circuit along a sliding fit, which allows the movement of the electrodes along the circuit in a plane parallel to the plane formed by the hanging lines of the upper 6 and lower 7 circuits, and limiting the movement of the corona electrode in the transverse plane. When using wire as corona electrodes, or if the design of corona electrodes 8 is not sufficiently rigid to ensure their straightness, weights 9 can be attached to them in the lower part. , temperature range, etc.). The corona electrodes 8 can be made of thin wire (0.1-0.8 mm in diameter), or in the form of special devices, the designs of which are quite fully described in the literature on electrostatic precipitators (see, for example, G.M.A. Aliev , A. E. Gonik, Electrical equipment and power supply modes of electrostatic precipitators, Energy, Moscow, 1971, pp. 42-44). The corona electrodes are electrically connected to a high-voltage power source 10. With a gap Δ relative to the corona electrodes 8, a grounded flat structure 11, free for the passage of air flow, is installed. The grounded structure 11 can be made either in the form of a conventional building structure, consisting of straight rods fastened together with a gap relative to each other by means of nodal connections, either in the form of a conventional mesh or in the form of a grating (see, for example, http://www.zaosolid.ru/catalog/1/), etc. The main requirement for the design is the flatness of the surface, tangent to the external elements of its design, facing the corona electrodes, and ensuring unimpeded passage of air flow through it. The presence of 11 different electrically conductive elements in the grounded structure, dividing the air flow into separate jets, makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the installation. The size of the mesh cells, the number of its layers, or the size of the cross section of the rods, their shape, the gap between the rods, the number of rows of rods, their location relative to each other in the structure are selected at the design stage, based on the requirements for creating the most favorable conditions for stable separation on its grounded surface electrically charged fog drops at different speeds of the oncoming wind flow.

The proposed device works as follows.

The fog dissipation device is mounted in advance along the boundary of the object to be protected from fog from the windward side. Under conditions of fog formation and the threat of its leakage into the protected area, a high-voltage power source 10 is turned on, and high voltage is applied to the discharge electrodes 8. When high voltage is applied to the discharge electrodes 8, a powerful electric field is formed between the discharge electrodes 8 and the grounded structure 11 and the corona is ignited. discharge. The voltage value of the high-voltage power source 10 is selected based on the conditions of resistance of high-voltage insulators 4, 5 and the geometric relationships between the corona electrodes 8 and the surface of the grounded structure 11, guided by known dependencies for a corona discharge (see, for example, N.A. Kaptsov. Electronics. State publishing house of technical and technical literature, Moscow, 1956).

As the materials of literary sources show (see, for example, Kuleshov P.S. “Experimental study of the interaction of a corona discharge and water evaporation http://zhurnal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2005/227.pdf; I.A. Rogov etc. "Modeling the process of movement of moist air condensate drops in an electric field" http://www.holodilshchik.ru/index_holodilshchik_best_article_issue_10_2005.htm and the results of the work carried out by the authors of the proposed invention, when a corona discharge is generated, a wind flow (ion wind) is formed, directed from the discharge electrodes 8 to the grounded structure 11 at a speed of about 1 m/s.The air flow formed by the ionic wind, containing fog droplets, enters the discharge gap, where the fog drops acquire an electric charge. droplets are deposited on their grounded surfaces by an electric field and are separated from the wind flow. The air stream cleared of droplets is directed to the protected area and displaces fog from it. Drops of mist are collected on the surfaces of the elements of the grounded structure 11 and flow down under the action of their own weight. The flowing moisture can be collected in special reservoirs (not shown in Fig. 1).

The corona discharge is formed between the corona electrodes 8 and the surface of the elements of the electrically conductive structure 11. The corona electrodes 8 are mounted between the top 6 and bottom 7 circuits. Movement in the transverse plane of chains 6 and 7 is limited by their design features. Consequently, all the discharge electrodes 8 are in the same plane and are at an equal distance from the surface of the structural elements of the grounded structure 11. Depending on the possible wind loads and the values of the permissible deviations of the operational position of the discharge electrodes from flatness, by choosing the transverse bending stiffness of the plate circuits 6 and 7, the proposed the technical solution makes it possible to provide the required accuracy of the discharge gap D over the entire area of the fog dispersal device. This allows you to set the design value of the discharge gap between the corona electrodes and the grounded surface and ensure the operation of the device with stable guaranteed parameters of the corona generation system. Stable burning of the corona discharge will ensure high efficiency of the device.

Thus, the proposed solution, thanks to new features in combination with the known ones, makes it possible to form a stable corona discharge over the entire area of the device, increase the efficiency of fog dissipation and achieve the goal of the proposed invention.

Claims (2)

1. A device for dispersing fog, containing a grounded, free for the passage of air flow flat structure, along which discharge electrodes are electrically isolated with a gap relative to its surface, connected to a high-voltage power source, characterized in that it is equipped with a suspension system for discharge electrodes, made in the form lamellar articulated chains mounted on high-voltage insulators along a grounded electrically conductive structure. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge electrodes suspension system contains at least two lamellar hinged chains installed in the same plane one above the other, on the upper chain of which discharge electrodes are fixed, and structural elements of a flat movable connection are installed in the lower chains with corona electrodes.

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