EP2021840B1 - Optical security marking component, method of manufacturing such a component, system comprising such a component, and reader for checking such a component - Google Patents

Optical security marking component, method of manufacturing such a component, system comprising such a component, and reader for checking such a component Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2021840B1
EP2021840B1 EP07765984.5A EP07765984A EP2021840B1 EP 2021840 B1 EP2021840 B1 EP 2021840B1 EP 07765984 A EP07765984 A EP 07765984A EP 2021840 B1 EP2021840 B1 EP 2021840B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical component
component
gratings
polarizer
component according
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Application number
EP07765984.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2021840B2 (en
EP2021840A1 (en
Inventor
Valéry PETITON
Alexandre Noizet
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Surys SA
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Surys SA
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Publication date
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Priority claimed from FR0651571A external-priority patent/FR2900737B1/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
    • G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
    • G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
    • G03H2001/0016—Covert holograms or holobjects requiring additional knowledge to be perceived, e.g. holobject reconstructed only under IR illumination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2249—Holobject properties
    • G03H2001/2276—Polarisation dependent holobject

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a security optical imaging component for the realization of integrable optical control keys in a DOVID (Diffractive Optical Variable Image Device) and can only be authenticated by the appropriate reading instrument.
  • DOVID diffractive Optical Variable Image Device
  • This optical marking component is dedicated to the authentication of a product or a document on which this security optical component is affixed.
  • thermoformable layer supported by a transparent film.
  • the optical effects produced by the optical security component take very characteristic and verifiable configurations.
  • the general purpose of these optical components is to provide new and differentiated effects, from physical configurations of the film difficult to reproduce, or even difficult to analyze.
  • the film has two areas producing distinct optical effects.
  • the 2 vectors have a substantially straight angle.
  • the vectors of the structures ⁇ G (x, y) ⁇ are also parallel in the two surface elements.
  • a common edge of the two surface elements is visible only under linearly polarized light. In daylight, these two surface elements have the same surface brightness.
  • this optical security component results in two well-differentiated aspects, with contrast inversion as a function of the orientation of a polarizer interposed between the observer's eye and the optical component. .
  • contrast inversion as a function of the orientation of a polarizer interposed between the observer's eye and the optical component.
  • Another drawback of the proposed structure lies in the fact that it is inherently very sensitive to the observation conditions that depend on the source and the position of the observer. Indeed, the structure described in the anteriorities is limited only to effects that appear in the plane of incidence.
  • the component according to this patent comprises a stamped film to form two diffracting gratings having distinct orientations.
  • One of the networks has a period smaller than half the wavelength.
  • Such a component does not give complete satisfaction because in the presence of ambient lighting, the readability of the two configurations is impaired.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a verifiable optical security component by the interposition of a polarizer, further having a discernable configuration in ambient light, unpolarized, and by nature more tolerant to the conditions of observation of the polarized effect.
  • the subject of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
  • the invention relates to a security marking optical component producing a first visible configuration during an observation through a polarizer oriented in a first orientation, and a second configuration distinct from the first, visible during an observation.
  • the optical component comprising a film embossed to form at least two diffracting gratings having distinct orientations, such that each of said gratings has a pitch of less than 550 nm, and a modulation of between 0.25 and 0.5 with respect to a plane of reference.
  • the modulation is between 0.4 and 0.5 with respect to a reference plane.
  • each of the networks is formed in a predefined graphic configuration, of visible dimensions, the networks having adjacent boundaries.
  • the diffusing treatment consists of a diffusing layer deposited on the optical layers.
  • the diffusing treatment is integrated with the subwavelength structure.
  • the component comprises a stamped transparent film covered with a metallic reflective layer.
  • the reflective layer consists of a transparent material with a high refractive index.
  • the resulting structure (sub-wavelength grating combined with the diffusing structure) is encapsulated between two layers of different optical indices (a high index and a low refractive index).
  • This mode of implementation has the advantage of allowing immediate visual control without a specific tool.
  • the reflective layer is coated with an adhesive for affixing to a medium to be authenticated.
  • the stamped film is made of a transparent birefringent material.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an optical security marking component according to one of claims 1 to 7, producing a first visible configuration during an observation through a polarizer oriented according to a first orientation, and a second configuration distinct from the first, visible during an observation through the polarizer oriented in a second orientation;
  • the optical component comprising a film embossed to form at least two diffracting gratings having distinct orientations, each of said having a period of less than 550 nm, and a modulation of between 0.25 and 0.5 with respect to a reference plane;
  • the component further comprising a diffusing treatment, such that said diffusing treatment comprises a step of recording, on the same region, a photosensitive material insolated to form a subwavelength grating and a "speckle" type structure; then a step of replication of the structure on a thermoformable material to form a layer having a modulation of the relief corresponding to the recorded structure on which is then formed a deposit of thin metal or dielectric layers, then a
  • the invention also relates to a reader for controlling an optical marking component according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a film stamped to form at least two diffracting gratings. having distinct orientations, each having a period of less than 550 nm, and a modulation of between 0.25 and 0.5 with respect to a reference plane.
  • the reader according to the invention comprises two pieces of juxtaposed polarizers whose main axes are oriented perpendicularly, the orientation of the axes of these polarizers being adapted to the orientations of the array vectors, said polarizers being movable in translation so as to appear successively in a window. observation the configurations of the optical component to be controlled.
  • the reader comprises a diffusing element placed between the polarizers and the component to be checked.
  • networks having a period of less than 300 nm will be used for producing a semi-concealed security optical component.
  • These networks are characterized by the fact that the diffraction in the visible range is very limited: the order 1 is hardly visible in grazing light observation.
  • These networks have particular optical characteristics not visible to the naked eye, but simply controllable using a polarizer filter.
  • the networks implemented by the invention have a period below the wavelength (typically 550 nm for the visible) and a high modulation (between 0.25 and 0.5) so that the incident light is absorbed in its quasi -total Congress. Only light whose direction of polarization is perpendicular to the grating vector is diffracted. The light diffracted by this type of network is therefore polarized.
  • the figure 1 represents a view of such a network, having alternations of bumps (1) and recesses (2) elongate to form a network oriented according to a vector (3).
  • TM mode polarized light is absorbed while the TE mode polarized component is reflected alone.
  • the network is formed by stamping in a polyester film, intended for the production of holograms, covered with a layer of stampable material in which the nanostructures are just transferred.
  • the stamped layer is then covered, for example by vacuum evaporation of a metallic reflective layer, then coated with an adhesive adapted to the product to be produced (cold adhesive for labels, hot adhesive for laminating films or transfer films). hot).
  • This component comprises the aforementioned networks used to make a control key integrated by juxtaposition or insertion in a DOVID (Diffractive Optical Variable Image Device). These networks are in no way used in superposition with one of the diffracting elements of DOVID. A slight trace is visible on the surface leaving guess the footprint of the control key.
  • DOVID diffractive Optical Variable Image Device
  • the reader consists of polarizing filters to reveal the information.
  • the set allows the establishment of a security element within a holographic image.
  • the subwavelength networks will be used by interlocking peers to draw positive / negative effects, multiplexing effects or any other appropriate effect also using many elements of texts that elements graphics.
  • networks can be used to register machine readable binary codes.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 represent an exemplary embodiment of a component according to the invention.
  • the optical component is a DOVID type structure (11) with a zone forming the control key (10).
  • This zone has a first configuration ( figure 2 ) when observed in non-polarized ambient light and two inverted contrast configurations ( Figures 3 and 4 ) when viewed through a polarizer oriented respectively at a first orientation and a second orientation.
  • the area (12) has a pitch network of less than 550 nanometers with an orientation vector in a first direction.
  • the shape of this zone (12) designates the characters "OK”.
  • the area (13) has a pitch network of less than 550 nanometers with an orientation vector perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the shape of this zone (12) designates a complementary square surface with the characters "OK”.
  • the figure 5 represents a sectional diagram of the component made in the form of a destructible label or hot stamping.
  • the embossed holographic layer has a deformation such that: 0.25 ⁇ / d ⁇ 0.5 Where d denotes the pace of the network And ⁇ is a characteristic of the network between 0.25 and 0.5, and preferably between 0.4 and 0.5.
  • the object of the invention can be integrated in products allowing the production of labels, or hot stamping film, or even rolling.
  • Part of the holographic layer (23) can be demetallized, this demetallization can be superimposed with the exposed structure.
  • the reflective layer is a metal layer (typically aluminum, copper, chromium). It is also possible to use a transparent material with a high refractive index such as ZnS, TiO2.
  • optical components having multiple aspects (aluminum, copper, transparent, ...) without creating a discontinuity of the control key.
  • the array vectors are aligned with the neutral axes of transparent birefringent materials used as label support (BOPP type). This alignment makes it possible to optimize the efficiency of the optical effect transferred onto the support.
  • FIGS. 6 to 10 represent views of a reader for the control of a component according to the invention.
  • the simplest reader is a simple polarizer. Placed in front of the light reflected by the grating, it allows only light whose direction of polarization is parallel to its main axis. A simple rotation of the controlled document or the reader alternately reveals the two image zones oriented perpendicularly.
  • the Figures 6 to 10 represent an optimized manual reader (in translation). It consists of a frame (35) having a movable portion (33) equipped with two pieces of polarizers (30, 31) juxtaposed whose main axes are oriented perpendicularly. The orientation of the axes of these polarizers is adapted to the orientations of the network vectors.
  • the reader being placed on the image so as to observe the direct reflection of the light incident on the control key, a translation movement will display a flip-flop between the two components of the image.
  • the Figures 9 and 10 represent the view of the component placed in the reader when the mobile part places in the window respectively the first and the second polarizer.
  • a reader alternative is the integration of the different elements into a completely automated device
  • Another embodiment represented in figure 11 allows transmission playback.
  • the verification of the key will be done advantageously by illuminating the document through the paper.
  • the paper then replaces the diffusing structure of the reader 5b.
  • Another embodiment consists in combining (superimposing) on the image constituted by the two perpendicularly oriented arrays a structure of random and chaotic nature such as those used for producing the white effects (matte or glossy). This combination has the advantage of improving the contrast and modifying the surface appearance.
  • This combination amounts to integrating a portion of the control tool (here the player's broadcast) to the control key which then allows to simplify the reader.
  • the embodiment variant that follows aims to improve security components using the properties of 1D or 2D subwavelength networks by adding a diffusing optical function: this function is neither refractive nor diffractive. . It makes it possible to widen the cone of visibility of effects to zero order, to make them easily observable around specular reflection.
  • This function can be superimposed by mechanical stacking of layers, but is preferably integrated directly into the subwavelength structure.
  • One solution is to directly encapsulate the resulting structure of the coupling between the subwavelength grating and the scattering function to extend the observation angle of the color shift effect to the zero order.
  • the zero-order effect is then in a diffusion cone and is no longer limited to the plane of incidence. It is therefore less sensitive to lighting conditions and resists better to positioning differences.
  • the figure 12 is a schematic view of the diffusion cone (110) with respect to the direction of the incident light (111).
  • the figure 13 represents the curve of the luminous intensity as a function of the deviation at the position in the standard case (curve 120) and according to the encapsulated structure (curve 121).
  • the angle ⁇ represents the ideal viewing angle for given illumination conditions and ⁇ the deviation from this angle.
  • the opening angle of the cone depends on the diffusing function used. The smaller the dimensions of the scattering elements, the more the opening of the cone grows and vice versa.
  • the diffusing function can be isotropic (the microstructures used are symmetrical in rotation and give an identical effect whatever the angle of azimuth) or anisotropic (in this case, the random structure is oriented and is no longer symmetrical) .
  • This scattering function then adds an additional degree of freedom for the design of security components using this technique. It will be necessary to adapt the structure to the desired application (hot stamping, label %) and to the desired optical effect.
  • a colored varnish coated below the encapsulated structure will improve the subjectivity of the component.
  • the figure 14 represents the sectional view of such a component, comprising an encapsulated structure (131), a layer of colored varnish (132) and an adhesive layer (133).
  • the resulting relief structure of the coupling between the subwavelength grating and the scattering function retains all the properties of the subwavelength gratings in relief on a metal.
  • This structure will reflect, diffuse and linearly polarize the incident light. This light is revealed using a polarizer filter.
  • the figure 15 represents a 3D view of the new surface structure at 2 different magnifications.
  • the scale factor between 140 and 141 is 7.
  • the subwavelength network and a "Speckle" type structure, so the physical characteristics (grain sizes, etc.) are controllable, are recorded for example by an interferential photolithography method on the same region of a photosensitive material
  • a hard copy of the structure is then created by an electroplating process for mass replication.
  • a nickel foil comes from this process. It presents on the surface the nanostructures to be replicated.
  • This nickel sheet is mounted on a heating cylinder which will mold a PET-type thermoplastic film. This is the mass replication step.
  • the dielectric material used as a waveguide is deposited by a vacuum deposition process.
  • the influencing parameter is the layer of material which, coupled with the subwavelength grating, will give the desired effect to the zero order.
  • This step involves coating a varnish that will encapsulate the structure and an adhesive that will allow the component to be applicable to the document to be protected.
  • the optical component comprises in the example illustrated by the figure 16 two zones (151, 152).
  • the zone 151 appears in a first color C1
  • the central zone 152 appears in a second color C2.
  • the colors of the zones 151 and 152 are reversed: it is the zone 151 which appears then of the second C2 color, and the inner area 152 which appears from the first color C1.
  • the component described in this example is composed of two regions having the same structure but whose network vectors (1D networks) are orthogonal.
  • the component therefore always has two different colors C1 and C2 which permute by rotating the component by 90 ° in the plane.
  • An alternative embodiment consists, with other subwavelength structures, in producing an image of a single color but with different intensities.
  • the two network vectors being parallel and the characteristics of the identical networks, the two regions have the same color.
  • the diffusing function of the first region is different from the diffusing function of the second region. This difference is reflected in the eye by a difference in reflected light intensity comparable to a watermark effect visible at zero order.
  • the figure 17 illustrates another embodiment with two structures, two colors and two light intensities.
  • the component consists of two different structures: S1 is the highly scattering encapsulated structure, and corresponds to the surfaces (161) and (164) and S2 is a low diffusion encapsulated subwavelength structure, corresponding to the surfaces (162). and (163).
  • This component therefore has two different colors C1 and C2 on reflection but also two images appearing by Watermark effect by difference in intensity. When rotating in the plane of a quarter circle, the colors C1 and C2 are reversed and the effect "Watermark" is always present.
  • the invention can be used in all hologram type security optical components having a metal or dielectric layer, which makes it possible to combine the advantages and safety levels of the standard holograms and the resultant products of the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un composant d'imagerie optique de sécurité visant à la réalisation de clés de contrôle optiques intégrables dans une DOVID (Diffractive Optical Variable Image Device) et ne pouvant être authentifié que par l'instrument de lecture approprié.The present invention relates to a security optical imaging component for the realization of integrable optical control keys in a DOVID (Diffractive Optical Variable Image Device) and can only be authenticated by the appropriate reading instrument.

Ce composant optique de marquage est dédié à l'authentification d'un produit ou d'un document sur lequel ce composant optique de sécurité est apposé.This optical marking component is dedicated to the authentication of a product or a document on which this security optical component is affixed.

Il concerne la famille générale des composants optiques formés par estampage de réseaux de diffraction dans une couche thermoformable supportée par un film transparent.It relates to the general family of optical components formed by embossing diffraction gratings in a thermoformable layer supported by a transparent film.

En fonction de paramètres d'observation (orientation par rapport à l'axe d'observation, position et dimensions de la source lumineuse, ...), les effets optiques produits par le composant optique de sécurité prennent des configurations très caractéristiques et vérifiables. Le but général de ces composants optiques est de fournir des effets nouveaux et différenciés, à partir de configurations physiques du film difficilement reproductibles, voire difficilement analysables.According to observation parameters (orientation with respect to the observation axis, position and dimensions of the light source, etc.), the optical effects produced by the optical security component take very characteristic and verifiable configurations. The general purpose of these optical components is to provide new and differentiated effects, from physical configurations of the film difficult to reproduce, or even difficult to analyze.

Parmi cette famille de composant optiques formés par estampage de films transparents, l'état de la technique le plus proche est le brevet américain US6909547 .Among this family of optical components formed by stamping transparent films, the closest state of the art is the US patent US6909547 .

Ce brevet décrit un élément de sécurité, obtenu à partir d'un stratifié plastique et présentant un motif en mosaïque constitué d'éléments de surface. Ce stratifié présente une structure de diffraction {B(x, y, T)}, produite à partir d'une superposition :

  • d'une première structure à basse fréquence {G(x, y)} et
  • d'une structure en relief à haute fréquence {R(x, y)}.
This patent discloses a security element, obtained from a plastic laminate and having a mosaic pattern consisting of surface elements. This laminate has a diffraction structure {B (x, y, T)}, produced from a superposition:
  • of a first low frequency structure {G (x, y)} and
  • a high frequency relief structure {R (x, y)}.

Le film présente deux zones produisant des effets optiques distincts.The film has two areas producing distinct optical effects.

Dans un premier élément de surface, les vecteurs des 2 structures {G(x, y)} et {R(x, y)} sont parallèles.In a first surface element, the vectors of the two structures {G (x, y)} and {R (x, y)} are parallel.

Dans l'autre élément de surface, les 2 vecteurs présentent un angle sensiblement droit.In the other surface element, the 2 vectors have a substantially straight angle.

Les vecteurs des structures {G(x, y)} sont également parallèles dans les deux éléments de surface. Un bord commun des deux éléments de surface n'est visible que sous une lumière polarisée linéairement. À la lumière du jour, ces deux éléments de surface présentent la même luminosité surfacique.The vectors of the structures {G (x, y)} are also parallel in the two surface elements. A common edge of the two surface elements is visible only under linearly polarized light. In daylight, these two surface elements have the same surface brightness.

L'observation de ce composant optique de sécurité selon l'art antérieur se traduit par deux aspects bien différenciés, avec une inversion de contraste en fonction de l'orientation d'un polariseur interposé entre l'oeil de l'observateur et le composant optique. En procédant à une rotation relative de 90°, l'élément graphique lumineux devient sombre, et inversement.The observation of this optical security component according to the prior art results in two well-differentiated aspects, with contrast inversion as a function of the orientation of a polarizer interposed between the observer's eye and the optical component. . By making a relative rotation of 90 °, the luminous graphic element becomes dark, and vice versa.

L'inconvénient est qu'en l'absence de polariseur, l'observation du composant optique ne permet pas de déceler les structures à haute fréquence. Ainsi donc, une contrefaçon efficace serait aisément réalisée par l'utilisation d'un réseau basse fréquence sur toute la surface.The disadvantage is that in the absence of a polarizer, the observation of the optical component does not allow the detection of high frequency structures. Thus, effective counterfeiting would be easily achieved through the use of a low frequency network over the entire surface.

Un autre inconvénient de la structure proposée réside dans le fait qu'elle est intrinsèquement très sensible aux conditions d'observations qui dépendent de la source et de la position de l'observateur. En effet, la structure décrite dans les antériorités se limite uniquement à des effets qui apparaissent dans le plan d'incidence.Another drawback of the proposed structure lies in the fact that it is inherently very sensitive to the observation conditions that depend on the source and the position of the observer. Indeed, the structure described in the anteriorities is limited only to effects that appear in the plane of incidence.

On connaît également dans l'état de la technique le brevet EP1650587 qui décrit un composant optique de marquage pour la lutte anti-contrefaçon, produisant une première configuration visible selon une observation à travers un polariseur orienté selon une première direction, et une deuxième configuration visible lors d'une observation à travers le polariseur orienté selon une seconde direction.It is also known in the state of the art to patent EP1650587 which describes an optical marking component for anti-counterfeiting, producing a first visible pattern according to an observation through a polarizer oriented in a first direction, and a second pattern visible during an observation through the polarizer oriented in a second direction direction.

Le composant selon ce brevet comprend un film estampé pour former deux réseaux diffractants présentant des orientations distinctes. L'un des réseaux présente une période plus petite que la moitié de la longueur d'onde.The component according to this patent comprises a stamped film to form two diffracting gratings having distinct orientations. One of the networks has a period smaller than half the wavelength.

Un tel composant ne donne pas totalement satisfaction car en présence d'un éclairage ambiant, la lisibilité des deux configurations est altérée.Such a component does not give complete satisfaction because in the presence of ambient lighting, the readability of the two configurations is impaired.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant un composant optique de sécurité vérifiable par l'interposition d'un polariseur, présentant en outre une configuration discernable en lumière ambiante, non polarisée, et par nature plus tolérante aux conditions d'observation de l'effet polarisé. L'objet de l'invention est défini par les revendications en annexe. À cet effet, l'invention concerne un composant optique de marquage de sécurité produisant une première configuration visible lors d'une observation à travers un polariseur orienté selon une première orientation, et une deuxième configuration distincte de la première, visible lors d'une observation à travers un polariseur orienté selon une seconde orientation ; le composant optique comprenant un film estampé pour former au moins deux réseaux diffractants présentant des orientations distinctes, tel que chacun desdits réseaux présente un pas inférieur à 550 nm, et une modulation comprise entre 0,25 et 0,5 par rapport à un plan de référence. De préférence, la modulation est comprise entre 0,4 et 0,5 par rapport à un plan de référence.The object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a verifiable optical security component by the interposition of a polarizer, further having a discernable configuration in ambient light, unpolarized, and by nature more tolerant to the conditions of observation of the polarized effect. The subject of the invention is defined by the appended claims. To this end, the invention relates to a security marking optical component producing a first visible configuration during an observation through a polarizer oriented in a first orientation, and a second configuration distinct from the first, visible during an observation. through a polarizer oriented in a second orientation; the optical component comprising a film embossed to form at least two diffracting gratings having distinct orientations, such that each of said gratings has a pitch of less than 550 nm, and a modulation of between 0.25 and 0.5 with respect to a plane of reference. Preferably, the modulation is between 0.4 and 0.5 with respect to a reference plane.

Avantageusement, chacun des réseaux est formé dans une configuration graphique prédéfinie, de dimensions visibles, les réseaux présentant des limites adjacentes.Advantageously, each of the networks is formed in a predefined graphic configuration, of visible dimensions, the networks having adjacent boundaries.

Selon un premier mode de mise en oeuvre, le traitement diffusant est constitué par une couche diffusante déposée sur les couches optiques.According to a first mode of implementation, the diffusing treatment consists of a diffusing layer deposited on the optical layers.

Selon un deuxième mode de mise en oeuvre, le traitement diffusant est intégré à la structure sub-longueur d'ondes.According to a second embodiment, the diffusing treatment is integrated with the subwavelength structure.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le composant comporte un film transparent estampé recouvert d'une couche réflective métallique.According to a first embodiment, the component comprises a stamped transparent film covered with a metallic reflective layer.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, la couche réflective est constituée d'un matériau transparent à haut indice de réfraction.According to a second embodiment, the reflective layer consists of a transparent material with a high refractive index.

Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre, la structure résultante (réseau sub-longueur d'onde combiné à la structure diffusante) est encapsulée entre 2 couches d'indices optiques différents (un haut indice et un bas indice de réfraction). Ce mode de mise en oeuvre présente l'avantage de permettre un contrôle visuel immédiat sans outil spécifique.According to another embodiment, the resulting structure (sub-wavelength grating combined with the diffusing structure) is encapsulated between two layers of different optical indices (a high index and a low refractive index). This mode of implementation has the advantage of allowing immediate visual control without a specific tool.

De préférence, la couche réflective est enduite d'un adhésif pour l'apposition sur un support à authentifier.Preferably, the reflective layer is coated with an adhesive for affixing to a medium to be authenticated.

Avantageusement, le film estampé est constitué d'un matériau biréfringent transparent.Advantageously, the stamped film is made of a transparent birefringent material.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un composant optique de marquage de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, produisant une première configuration visible lors d'une observation à travers un polariseur orienté selon une première orientation, et une deuxième configuration distincte de la première, visible lors d'une observation à travers le polariseur orienté selon une seconde orientation ; le composant optique comprenant un film estampé pour former au moins deux réseaux diffractants présentant des orientations distinctes, chacun desdits présentant une période inférieure à 550 nm, et une modulation comprise entre 0,25 et 0,5 par rapport à un plan de référence; le composant comprenant en outre un traitement diffusant, tel que ledit traitement diffusant comprend une étape d'enregistrement, sur une même région d'un matériau photosensible insolé pour former un réseau sub longueur d'onde et une structure de type « speckle »; puis une étape de réplication de la structure sur un matériau thermoformable pour former une couche présentant une modulation du relief correspondant à la structure enregistrée sur laquelle est ensuite formé un dépôt de couches minces métallique ou diélectrique, puis un revêtement par un vernis de protection et une couche adhésive.The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an optical security marking component according to one of claims 1 to 7, producing a first visible configuration during an observation through a polarizer oriented according to a first orientation, and a second configuration distinct from the first, visible during an observation through the polarizer oriented in a second orientation; the optical component comprising a film embossed to form at least two diffracting gratings having distinct orientations, each of said having a period of less than 550 nm, and a modulation of between 0.25 and 0.5 with respect to a reference plane; the component further comprising a diffusing treatment, such that said diffusing treatment comprises a step of recording, on the same region, a photosensitive material insolated to form a subwavelength grating and a "speckle" type structure; then a step of replication of the structure on a thermoformable material to form a layer having a modulation of the relief corresponding to the recorded structure on which is then formed a deposit of thin metal or dielectric layers, then a coating with a protective varnish and a adhesive layer.

L'invention concerne également un lecteur destiné au contrôle d'un composant optique de marquage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, comprenant un film estampé pour former au moins deux réseaux diffractants présentant des orientations distinctes, chacun présentant une période inférieure à 550 nm, et une modulation comprise entre 0,25 et 0,5 par rapport à un plan de référence. Le lecteur selon l'invention comprend deux morceaux de polariseurs juxtaposés dont les axes principaux sont orientés perpendiculairement, l'orientation des axes de ces polariseurs étant adaptée aux orientations des vecteurs réseaux, lesdits polariseurs étant mobiles en translation pour faire apparaître successivement dans une fenêtre d'observation les configurations du composant optique à contrôler.The invention also relates to a reader for controlling an optical marking component according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a film stamped to form at least two diffracting gratings. having distinct orientations, each having a period of less than 550 nm, and a modulation of between 0.25 and 0.5 with respect to a reference plane. The reader according to the invention comprises two pieces of juxtaposed polarizers whose main axes are oriented perpendicularly, the orientation of the axes of these polarizers being adapted to the orientations of the array vectors, said polarizers being movable in translation so as to appear successively in a window. observation the configurations of the optical component to be controlled.

Avantageusement, le lecteur comprend un élément diffusant placé entre les polariseurs et le composant à vérifier.Advantageously, the reader comprises a diffusing element placed between the polarizers and the component to be checked.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit, concernant des exemples non limitatifs de réalisation où :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue schématique d'un réseau diffractant mise en oeuvre par l'invention ;
  • les figures 2 à 4 représentent le composant observé sous différentes configurations d'observation ;
  • la figure 5 représente une vue en coupe d'un composant selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 6 à 8 représentent des vues respectivement de dessus, de la partie mobile et en coupe d'un lecteur selon l'invention
  • les figures 9 et 10 représentent des vues du composant vu à travers le lecteur sous deux positions de la partie mobile ;
  • la figure 11 représente une vue en coupe d'une variante d'un lecteur;
  • la figure 12 représente une vue schématique du cône de diffusion par rapport à la direction de la lumière incidente ;
  • la figure 13 représente la courbe de l'intensité lumineuse en fonction de l'écart à la position dans le cas standard et selon la structure encapsulée ;
  • la figure 14 représente la vue en coupe d'un tel composant, comprenant une structure encapsulée, une couche de vernis coloré et une couche adhésive ;
  • la figure 15 représente une vue 3D de la nouvelle structure en surface à 2 grossissements différents ;
  • la figure 16 représente une vue schématique d'une variante d'un composant optique selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 17 illustre un autre mode de réalisation avec deux structures, deux couleurs et deux intensités lumineuses.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, relating to nonlimiting examples of embodiment where:
  • the figure 1 represents a schematic view of a diffractive grating implemented by the invention;
  • the Figures 2 to 4 represent the component observed under different observation configurations;
  • the figure 5 represents a sectional view of a component according to the invention;
  • the Figures 6 to 8 represent views respectively from above, of the mobile part and in section of a reader according to the invention
  • the Figures 9 and 10 represent views of the component seen through the reader under two positions of the moving part;
  • the figure 11 represents a sectional view of a variant of a reader;
  • the figure 12 is a schematic view of the diffusion cone with respect to the direction of the incident light;
  • the figure 13 represents the curve of the luminous intensity as a function of the deviation at the position in the standard case and according to the encapsulated structure;
  • the figure 14 represents the sectional view of such a component, comprising an encapsulated structure, a layer of colored varnish and an adhesive layer;
  • the figure 15 represents a 3D view of the new surface structure at 2 different magnifications;
  • the figure 16 represents a schematic view of a variant of an optical component according to the invention;
  • the figure 17 illustrates another embodiment with two structures, two colors and two light intensities.

Avantageusement, il sera utilisé des réseaux dont la période est inférieure à 300 nm pour la réalisation d'un composant optique de sécurité semi-caché. Ces réseaux sont caractérisés par le fait que la diffraction dans le domaine du visible est très limitée : l'ordre 1 est à peine visible en observation lumière rasante.Advantageously, networks having a period of less than 300 nm will be used for producing a semi-concealed security optical component. These networks are characterized by the fact that the diffraction in the visible range is very limited: the order 1 is hardly visible in grazing light observation.

Ces réseaux présentent des caractéristiques optiques particulières non visibles à l'oeil nu, mais simplement contrôlables à l'aide d'un filtre polariseur. Les réseaux mis en oeuvre par l'invention présentent une période inférieure à la longueur d'onde (typiquement 550 nm pour le visible) et une forte modulation (comprise entre 0.25 et 0.5) de telle sorte que la lumière incidente est absorbée dans sa quasi-totalité. Seule la lumière dont la direction de polarisation est perpendiculaire au vecteur réseau est diffractée. La lumière diffractée par ce type de réseaux est donc polarisée.These networks have particular optical characteristics not visible to the naked eye, but simply controllable using a polarizer filter. The networks implemented by the invention have a period below the wavelength (typically 550 nm for the visible) and a high modulation (between 0.25 and 0.5) so that the incident light is absorbed in its quasi -totalité. Only light whose direction of polarization is perpendicular to the grating vector is diffracted. The light diffracted by this type of network is therefore polarized.

La figure 1 représente une vue d'un tel réseau, présentant des alternances de bosses (1) et de creux (2) allongés pour former un réseau orienté selon un vecteur (3).The figure 1 represents a view of such a network, having alternations of bumps (1) and recesses (2) elongate to form a network oriented according to a vector (3).

La lumière polarisée selon le mode TM est absorbée alors que la composante polarisée selon le mode TE est seule réfléchie.TM mode polarized light is absorbed while the TE mode polarized component is reflected alone.

Seule la lumière diffractée à l'ordre zéro est polarisée, mais l'effet de polarisation n'est pas observable sur les ordres supérieurs.Only zero-order diffracted light is polarized, but the polarization effect is not observable on higher orders.

Le réseau est formé par estampage dans un film polyester, destiné à la fabrication d'hologrammes, recouvert d'une couche de matériau estampable dans laquelle on vient transférer les nanostructures. La couche estampée est ensuite recouverte par exemple par évaporation sous vide d'une couche réflective métallique, puis enduite d'un adhésif adapté au produit à réaliser (adhésif à froid pour les étiquettes, adhésif à chaud pour les films de laminage ou de transfert à chaud).The network is formed by stamping in a polyester film, intended for the production of holograms, covered with a layer of stampable material in which the nanostructures are just transferred. The stamped layer is then covered, for example by vacuum evaporation of a metallic reflective layer, then coated with an adhesive adapted to the product to be produced (cold adhesive for labels, hot adhesive for laminating films or transfer films). hot).

Ce composant comprend des réseaux précités utilisés pour réaliser une clé de contrôle intégrée par juxtaposition ou insertion dans un DOVID (Diffractive Optical Variable Image Device). Ces réseaux ne sont en aucun cas utilisés en superposition avec un des éléments diffractants du DOVID. Une légère trace est donc visible à la surface laissant deviner l'empreinte de la clé de contrôle.This component comprises the aforementioned networks used to make a control key integrated by juxtaposition or insertion in a DOVID (Diffractive Optical Variable Image Device). These networks are in no way used in superposition with one of the diffracting elements of DOVID. A slight trace is visible on the surface leaving guess the footprint of the control key.

Le lecteur est constitué de filtres polariseurs permettant de révéler l'information.The reader consists of polarizing filters to reveal the information.

L'ensemble permet la mise en place d'un élément de sécurité au sein d'une image holographique.The set allows the establishment of a security element within a holographic image.

D'un point de vue graphique, les réseaux sub-longueur d'ondes seront utilisés par pairs s'imbriquant l'un dans l'autre pour dessiner des effets de positif/négatif, des effets de multiplexage ou tout autre effet approprié utilisant aussi bien des éléments de textes que des éléments graphiques.From a graphical point of view, the subwavelength networks will be used by interlocking peers to draw positive / negative effects, multiplexing effects or any other appropriate effect also using many elements of texts that elements graphics.

En particuliers les réseaux peuvent êtres utilisés pour inscrire des codes binaires lisibles en machine.In particular the networks can be used to register machine readable binary codes.

Les figures 2 à 4 représentent un exemple de réalisation d'un composant selon l'invention.The Figures 2 to 4 represent an exemplary embodiment of a component according to the invention.

Le composant optique est une structure de type DOVID (11) avec une zone formant la clé de contrôle (10). Cette zone présente une première configuration (figure 2) lorsqu'elle est observée en lumière ambiante non-polarisée et deux configurations en contraste inversé (figures 3 et 4) lorsqu'elle est observée à travers un polariseur orienté respectivement selon une première orientation et une seconde orientation.The optical component is a DOVID type structure (11) with a zone forming the control key (10). This zone has a first configuration ( figure 2 ) when observed in non-polarized ambient light and two inverted contrast configurations ( Figures 3 and 4 ) when viewed through a polarizer oriented respectively at a first orientation and a second orientation.

La zone (12) présente un réseau de pas inférieur à 550 nanomètres avec un vecteur d'orientation selon une première direction. La forme de cette zone (12) désigne les caractères « OK ». La zone (13) présente un réseau de pas inférieur à 550 nanomètres avec un vecteur d'orientation perpendiculaire à la première direction. La forme de cette zone (12) désigne une surface complémentaire carrée aux caractères « OK ».The area (12) has a pitch network of less than 550 nanometers with an orientation vector in a first direction. The shape of this zone (12) designates the characters "OK". The area (13) has a pitch network of less than 550 nanometers with an orientation vector perpendicular to the first direction. The shape of this zone (12) designates a complementary square surface with the characters "OK".

En lumière ambiante, la forme des deux zones (12) et (13) reste visible et constitue un mode de reconnaissance additionnel.In ambient light, the shape of the two zones (12) and (13) remains visible and constitutes an additional recognition mode.

La figure 5 représente un schéma de coupe du composant réalisé sous la forme d'une étiquette destructible ou marquage à chaud.The figure 5 represents a sectional diagram of the component made in the form of a destructible label or hot stamping.

Le composant comprend :

  • une couche support (20) formé par un film en matière plastique. Cette couche est destinée au support du composant au moins jusqu'à son transfert sur le document ou sur le produit à authentifier,
  • une couche de détachement (21), optionnelle, permettant de séparer le composant de la couche support au moment de son apposition sur un produit dans le cas d'un produit de laminage ou de marquage à chaud,
  • une couche holographique estampée (22) transparente,
  • un revêtement (23) réfléchissant pouvant être métallique ou transparent à haut indice de réfraction,
  • une couche adhésive (24).
The component includes:
  • a support layer (20) formed by a plastic film. This layer is intended to support the component at least until it is transferred to the document or the product to be authenticated,
  • an optional detachment layer (21) for separating the component from the support layer at the moment of its affixing to a product in the case of a rolling or hot-marking product,
  • a stamped holographic layer (22) transparent,
  • a reflective coating (23) which can be metallic or transparent and has a high refractive index,
  • an adhesive layer (24).

La couche holographique estampée présente une déformation telle que : 0,25<µ/d<0,5
Où d désigne le pas du réseau
Et µ est une caractéristique du réseau comprise entre 0,25 et 0, 5 et de préférence entre 0,4 et 0,5.The embossed holographic layer has a deformation such that: 0.25 <μ / d <0.5
Where d denotes the pace of the network
And μ is a characteristic of the network between 0.25 and 0.5, and preferably between 0.4 and 0.5.

Comme les produits connus dans l'art antérieur, l'objet de l'invention peut-être intégré dans des produits permettant la réalisation d'étiquettes, ou de film de marquage à chaud, ou bien encore de laminage.Like the products known in the prior art, the object of the invention can be integrated in products allowing the production of labels, or hot stamping film, or even rolling.

Une partie de la couche holographique (23) peut être démétallisée, cette démétallisation pouvant se superposer avec la structure exposée.Part of the holographic layer (23) can be demetallized, this demetallization can be superimposed with the exposed structure.

La couche réflective est une couche métallique (typiquement aluminium, cuivre, chrome). Il est également possible d'employer un matériau transparent à haut indice de réfraction tel que ZnS, TiO2.The reflective layer is a metal layer (typically aluminum, copper, chromium). It is also possible to use a transparent material with a high refractive index such as ZnS, TiO2.

Par combinaison avec la démétallisation, il est également possible d'obtenir des composants optiques présentant de multiples aspects (aluminium, Cuivre, Transparent, ...) sans créer de discontinuité de la clé de contrôle.By combination with the demetallization, it is also possible to obtain optical components having multiple aspects (aluminum, copper, transparent, ...) without creating a discontinuity of the control key.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, les vecteurs réseaux sont alignés avec les axes neutres des matériaux biréfringents transparents utilisés comme support de l'étiquette (type BOPP). Cet alignement permet d'optimiser l'efficacité de l'effet optique transféré sur le support.In a particular embodiment, the array vectors are aligned with the neutral axes of transparent birefringent materials used as label support (BOPP type). This alignment makes it possible to optimize the efficiency of the optical effect transferred onto the support.

Les figures 6 à 10 représentent des vues d'un lecteur pour le contrôle d'un composant selon l'invention.The Figures 6 to 10 represent views of a reader for the control of a component according to the invention.

Le lecteur fonctionne à partir des principes suivants :

  • observation de la lumière réfléchie par la surface de la clé de contrôle (réflexion directe ou ordre 0),
  • au travers d'un ou plusieurs filtres polarisants ou tout autre élément de nature biréfringente permettant de mettre en évidence la polarisation de la lumière réfléchie par la clé,
  • mise en évidence d'une inversion de contraste entre les différents éléments d'image.
The reader works from the following principles:
  • observation of the light reflected by the surface of the control key (direct reflection or order 0),
  • through one or more polarizing filters or any other element of a birefringent nature making it possible to highlight the polarization of the light reflected by the key,
  • highlighting a contrast inversion between the different image elements.

Le lecteur le plus simple est constitué d'un simple polariseur. Placé devant la lumière réfléchie par le réseau, il ne laisse passer que la lumière dont la direction de polarisation est parallèle à son axe principal. Une simple rotation du document contrôlé ou du lecteur permet de révéler alternativement les deux zones d'images orientées perpendiculairement.The simplest reader is a simple polarizer. Placed in front of the light reflected by the grating, it allows only light whose direction of polarization is parallel to its main axis. A simple rotation of the controlled document or the reader alternately reveals the two image zones oriented perpendicularly.

Les figures 6 à 10 représentent un lecteur manuel optimisé (à translation). Il est constitué par un cadre (35) comportant une partie mobile (33) équipée de deux morceaux de polariseurs (30, 31) juxtaposés dont les axes principaux sont orientés perpendiculairement. L'orientation des axes de ces polariseurs est adaptée aux orientations des vecteurs réseaux. Le lecteur étant posé sur l'image de manière à observer la réflexion directe de la lumière incidente sur la clé de contrôle, un mouvement de translation permettra de visualiser une bascule entre les deux composants de l'image.The Figures 6 to 10 represent an optimized manual reader (in translation). It consists of a frame (35) having a movable portion (33) equipped with two pieces of polarizers (30, 31) juxtaposed whose main axes are oriented perpendicularly. The orientation of the axes of these polarizers is adapted to the orientations of the network vectors. The reader being placed on the image so as to observe the direct reflection of the light incident on the control key, a translation movement will display a flip-flop between the two components of the image.

Avantageusement, un élément dépoli (36) diffusant est placé entre les polariseurs et le composant (37) à vérifier de manière à :

  • réduire l'éblouissement provoqué par la source qui se réfléchit sur la clé de contrôle,
  • simuler une source d'éclairage large,
  • obliger la personne effectuant le contrôle à poser le lecteur sur la clé à vérifier (ergonomie/position unique /simplicité).
Advantageously, a diffused frosting element (36) is placed between the polarizers and the component (37) to be checked so as to:
  • reduce the glare caused by the source reflected on the control key,
  • simulate a wide lighting source,
  • oblige the person carrying out the check to put the reader on the key to check (ergonomics / unique position / simplicity).

Les figures 9 et 10 représentent la vue du composant placé dans le lecteur lorsque la partie mobile place dans la fenêtre respectivement le premier et le second polariseur.The Figures 9 and 10 represent the view of the component placed in the reader when the mobile part places in the window respectively the first and the second polarizer.

Une alternative de lecteur consiste en l'intégration des différents éléments dans un dispositif complètement automatiséA reader alternative is the integration of the different elements into a completely automated device

Cette catégorie de lecteurs regroupe des lecteurs automatiques réalisés :

  • soit par rotation automatique du filtre polariseur,
  • soit par translation automatique d'un chariot constitué de 2 polariseurs croisés.
This category of readers includes automatic readers made:
  • either by automatic rotation of the polarizer filter,
  • either by automatic translation of a carriage consisting of 2 crossed polarizers.

Une dernière catégorie de lecteurs rassemble les lecteurs exploitant des optiques biréfringentes :

  • par exemple, par l'utilisation d'un cube de Wollaston qui réalise une séparation des polarisations. Un cube de Wollaston réalise une déviation d'environ 20° entre les deux polarisations. Dans ce cas, l'observation se fait selon une vue simultanée des deux modes, qui se trouvent décalés dans un même plan d'observation.
A final category of readers brings together readers using birefringent optics:
  • for example, by the use of a Wollaston cube that achieves polarization separation. A Wollaston cube makes a deviation of about 20 ° between the two polarizations. In this case, the observation is made according to a simultaneous view of the two modes, which are offset in the same plane of observation.

Une autre réalisation représentée en figure 11 permet la lecture par transmission.Another embodiment represented in figure 11 allows transmission playback.

Cette solution est adaptée pour des produits intégrés dans des films transparents tels que ceux qui sont utilisés pour la protection des mentions variables dans les documents d'identité. Tous les réseaux constituant l'image holographique sont alors recouverts d'une couche de matériau diélectrique transparent.This solution is suitable for products embedded in transparent films such as those used for the protection of variable entries in identity documents. All the networks constituting the holographic image are then covered with a layer of transparent dielectric material.

La vérification de la clé se fera avantageusement en éclairant le document au travers du papier. Le papier remplace alors la structure diffusante du lecteur 5b.The verification of the key will be done advantageously by illuminating the document through the paper. The paper then replaces the diffusing structure of the reader 5b.

Une autre réalisation consiste à combiner (superposer) à l'image constituée des deux réseaux orientés perpendiculairement une structure de nature aléatoire et chaotique telles que celles qui sont utilisées pour la réalisation des effets blancs (mat ou brillant). Cette combinaison présente l'avantage d'améliorer le contraste et de modifier l'aspect de surface.Another embodiment consists in combining (superimposing) on the image constituted by the two perpendicularly oriented arrays a structure of random and chaotic nature such as those used for producing the white effects (matte or glossy). This combination has the advantage of improving the contrast and modifying the surface appearance.

Cette combinaison revient à intégrer une partie de l'outil de contrôle (ici le diffusant du lecteur) à la clé de contrôle ce qui permet par la suite de simplifier le lecteur.This combination amounts to integrating a portion of the control tool (here the player's broadcast) to the control key which then allows to simplify the reader.

La description qui suit correspond à des exemples non limitatifs d'une telle réalisation.The description which follows corresponds to non-limiting examples of such an embodiment.

La variante de réalisation qui suit à pour but d'améliorer les composants de sécurité utilisant les propriétés des réseaux sub-longueur d'onde 1D ou 2D par l'ajout d'une fonction optique diffusante : cette fonction n'est ni réfractive ni diffractive. Elle permet d'élargir le cône de visibilité des effets à l'ordre zéro, pour les rendre facilement observables autour de la réflexion spéculaire.The embodiment variant that follows aims to improve security components using the properties of 1D or 2D subwavelength networks by adding a diffusing optical function: this function is neither refractive nor diffractive. . It makes it possible to widen the cone of visibility of effects to zero order, to make them easily observable around specular reflection.

Cette fonction peut être superposée par empilement mécanique de couches, mais est préférentiellement intégrée directement dans la structure sub longueur d'onde.This function can be superimposed by mechanical stacking of layers, but is preferably integrated directly into the subwavelength structure.

Une solution consiste à encapsuler directement la structure résultante du couplage entre le réseau sub longueur d'onde et la fonction diffusante pour étendre l'angle d'observation de l'effet de permutation de couleur à l'ordre zéro.One solution is to directly encapsulate the resulting structure of the coupling between the subwavelength grating and the scattering function to extend the observation angle of the color shift effect to the zero order.

L'effet à l'ordre zéro se trouve alors dans un cône de diffusion et n'est plus limité au plan d'incidence. Il est donc moins sensible aux conditions d'éclairement et résiste mieux aux écarts de positionnement. La figure 12 représente une vue schématique du cône de diffusion (110) par rapport à la direction de la lumière incidente (111).The zero-order effect is then in a diffusion cone and is no longer limited to the plane of incidence. It is therefore less sensitive to lighting conditions and resists better to positioning differences. The figure 12 is a schematic view of the diffusion cone (110) with respect to the direction of the incident light (111).

La figure 13 représente la courbe de l'intensité lumineuse en fonction de l'écart à la position dans le cas standard (courbe 120) et selon la structure encapsulée (courbe 121). L'angle θ représentant l'angle d'observation idéal pour des conditions d'éclairement données et Δθ l'écart par rapport à cet angle.The figure 13 represents the curve of the luminous intensity as a function of the deviation at the position in the standard case (curve 120) and according to the encapsulated structure (curve 121). The angle θ represents the ideal viewing angle for given illumination conditions and Δθ the deviation from this angle.

On observe une perte de l'intensité de la lumière réfléchie par la nouvelle structure, cependant cette lumière est étalée angulairement de part et d'autre de la position optimale.There is a loss of the intensity of the light reflected by the new structure, however this light is spread out angularly on both sides of the optimal position.

Cette solution permet :

  • d'améliorer la subjectivité de l'effet optique en rendant le composant peu sensible aux conditions d'éclairement : aussi bien sous une source ponctuelle que sous une source étendue,
  • de ne pas dénaturer les couleurs perçues : conservation de la teinte et de la saturation,
  • de donner un nouvel aspect non standard aux composants de sécurité utilisant ces réseaux sub longueur d'onde encapsulés,
  • de faire apparaître une permutation de couleur supplémentaire : visible par une variation de l'angle d'incidence.
This solution allows:
  • to improve the subjectivity of the optical effect by making the component insensitive to lighting conditions: both under a point source and under an extended source,
  • not to distort the perceived colors: conservation of the hue and the saturation,
  • to give a new non-standard aspect to the security components using these encapsulated subwavelength networks,
  • to reveal an additional color permutation: visible by a variation of the angle of incidence.

L'angle d'ouverture du cône dépend de la fonction diffusante utilisée. Plus les dimensions des éléments diffusants sont petites et plus l'ouverture du cône s'agrandit et inversement.The opening angle of the cone depends on the diffusing function used. The smaller the dimensions of the scattering elements, the more the opening of the cone grows and vice versa.

La fonction diffusante peut être isotropique (les microstructures mises en oeuvre sont symétriques en rotation et donnent un effet identique quel que soit l'angle d'azimut) ou anisotropique (dans ce cas, la structure aléatoire est orientée et n'est plus symétrique).The diffusing function can be isotropic (the microstructures used are symmetrical in rotation and give an identical effect whatever the angle of azimuth) or anisotropic (in this case, the random structure is oriented and is no longer symmetrical) .

Cette fonction diffusante ajoute alors un degré de liberté supplémentaire pour la conception des composants de sécurité utilisant cette technique. Il conviendra d'adapter la structure à l'application recherchée (marquage à chaud, étiquette ...) et à l'effet optique recherché.This scattering function then adds an additional degree of freedom for the design of security components using this technique. It will be necessary to adapt the structure to the desired application (hot stamping, label ...) and to the desired optical effect.

Avantageusement, un vernis coloré enduit en dessous de la structure encapsulée va améliorer la subjectivité du composant. La figure 14 représente la vue en coupe d'un tel composant, comprenant une structure encapsulée (131), une couche de vernis coloré (132) et une couche adhésive (133).Advantageously, a colored varnish coated below the encapsulated structure will improve the subjectivity of the component. The figure 14 represents the sectional view of such a component, comprising an encapsulated structure (131), a layer of colored varnish (132) and an adhesive layer (133).

On ajoute ainsi un phénomène d'absorption à l'effet optique créé. Le couplage entre l'absorption, la diffusion et l'effet à l'ordre zéro du réseau sub longueur d'onde encapsulé donne un composant optique présentant une excellente tenue à l'angle d'observation mais aussi un aspect tout à fait nouveau. Cette combinaison unique se détache des composants à permutation de couleur connus dans l'état de la technique.An absorption phenomenon is thus added to the optical effect created. The coupling between the absorption, the diffusion and the zero-order effect of the encapsulated subwavelength grating gives an optical component having an excellent observation angle but also an entirely new appearance. This unique combination stands out from the color-swap components known in the state of the art.

La structure en relief résultante du couplage entre le réseau sub longueur d'onde et la fonction diffusante conserve l'ensemble des propriétés des réseaux sub longueur d'onde en relief sur un métal. Cette structure va réfléchir, diffuser et polariser linéairement la lumière incidente. Cette lumière se révèle à l'aide d'un filtre polariseur.The resulting relief structure of the coupling between the subwavelength grating and the scattering function retains all the properties of the subwavelength gratings in relief on a metal. This structure will reflect, diffuse and linearly polarize the incident light. This light is revealed using a polarizer filter.

La figure 15 représente une vue 3D de la nouvelle structure en surface à 2 grossissements différents. Le facteur d'échelle entre 140 et 141 est de 7. On observe bien dans 141 la modulation de la structure diffractante par la fonction diffusante chaotique et isotrope.The figure 15 represents a 3D view of the new surface structure at 2 different magnifications. The scale factor between 140 and 141 is 7. We observe well in the modulation of the diffracting structure by the chaotic and isotropic scattering function.

Un mode de réalisation complet non limitatif d'un composant de sécurité décrit par l'invention :A complete non-limiting embodiment of a security component described by the invention:

• Création de la structure • Creation of the structure

Le réseau sub longueur d'onde et une structure de type « Speckle », donc les caractéristiques physiques (tailles de grain ...) sont contrôlables, sont enregistrés par exemple par une méthode de photolithographie interférentielle sur la même région d'un matériau photosensibleThe subwavelength network and a "Speckle" type structure, so the physical characteristics (grain sizes, etc.) are controllable, are recorded for example by an interferential photolithography method on the same region of a photosensitive material

D'autres technologies peuvent être utilisées pour enregistrer la structure : la gravure directe par faisceau d'électron, la microlithographie XUV ....Other technologies can be used to record the structure: direct electron beam etching, XUV microlithography.

• Réplication de la structure • Replication of the structure

Une copie dure de la structure est ensuite créée par un procédé de galvanoplastie en vue de la réplication de masse. Une feuille de nickel est issue de ce procédé. Elle présente en surface les nanostructures à répliquer.A hard copy of the structure is then created by an electroplating process for mass replication. A nickel foil comes from this process. It presents on the surface the nanostructures to be replicated.

Cette feuille de nickel est montée sur un cylindre chauffant qui va mouler un film thermoplastique de type PET. C'est l'étape de réplication de masse.This nickel sheet is mounted on a heating cylinder which will mold a PET-type thermoplastic film. This is the mass replication step.

D'autres techniques de réplications de masse peuvent être utilisées : UV casting, UV embossing, ...Other mass replication techniques can be used: UV casting, UV embossing, ...

• Dépôt du matériau diélectrique • Deposit of the dielectric material

Le matériau diélectrique utilisé comme guide d'onde est déposé par un procédé de dépôt sous vide. Plusieurs techniques de dépôts sont disponibles et conviennent parfaitement au mode de réalisation. Le paramètre influant est la couche de matériau qui, couplée avec le réseau sub longueur d'onde, va donner l'effet voulu à l'ordre zéro.The dielectric material used as a waveguide is deposited by a vacuum deposition process. Several deposit techniques are available and are well suited to the embodiment. The influencing parameter is the layer of material which, coupled with the subwavelength grating, will give the desired effect to the zero order.

• Enduction • Coating

Cette étape consiste à enduire un vernis qui va encapsuler la structure et un adhésif qui va permettre au composant d'être applicable sur le document à protéger.This step involves coating a varnish that will encapsulate the structure and an adhesive that will allow the component to be applicable to the document to be protected.

Tous les concepts d'images disponibles par l'utilisation de cette nouvelle structure sont valables aussi bien pour les composants transparents (généralement utilisée pour la protection des documents de sécurité) que pour les composants opaques. La description des exemples suivants s'attache à détailler les effets visibles à l'oeil qui s'ajoutent aux effets visibles sous polariseur comme décrit dans la figure 2.All the image concepts available through the use of this new structure are valid for both transparent components (generally used for the protection of security documents) and for opaque components. The description of the following examples is intended to detail the effects visible to the eye which are added to the visible effects under the polarizer as described in FIG. figure 2 .

Le composant optique comporte dans l'exemple illustré par la figure 16 deux zones (151, 152).The optical component comprises in the example illustrated by the figure 16 two zones (151, 152).

Lorsque le composant est orienté selon une première direction, la zone 151 apparaît d'une première couleur C1, et la zone centrale 152 apparaît d'une deuxième couleur C2.When the component is oriented in a first direction, the zone 151 appears in a first color C1, and the central zone 152 appears in a second color C2.

Lorsque le composant est tourné d'un quart de tour dans son plan, les directions d'observation et d'éclairage restant inchangées, les couleurs des zones 151 et 152 s'inversent : c'est la zone 151 qui apparaît alors de la deuxième couleur C2, et la zone intérieure 152 qui apparaît de la première couleur C1.When the component is rotated a quarter of a turn in its plane, the directions of observation and lighting remaining unchanged, the colors of the zones 151 and 152 are reversed: it is the zone 151 which appears then of the second C2 color, and the inner area 152 which appears from the first color C1.

Le composant décrit dans cet exemple est composé de deux régions possédant la même structure mais dont les vecteurs réseaux (réseaux 1D) sont orthogonaux. Le composant présente donc toujours deux couleurs différentes C1 et C2 qui permutent par une rotation du composant de 90° dans le plan.The component described in this example is composed of two regions having the same structure but whose network vectors (1D networks) are orthogonal. The component therefore always has two different colors C1 and C2 which permute by rotating the component by 90 ° in the plane.

Il est tout à fait possible d'intégrer dans la nouvelle structure des éléments graphiques de dimension microscopique décelables grâce à un microscope optique.It is quite possible to integrate in the new structure graphical elements of microscopic dimension detectable by an optical microscope.

Une variante de réalisation consiste, avec d'autres structures sub-longueur d'onde, à produire une image d'une seule couleur mais avec des intensités différentes. Les deux vecteurs réseaux étant parallèles et les caractéristiques des réseaux identiques, les deux régions présentent la même couleur. La fonction diffusante de la première région est différente de la fonction diffusante de la seconde région. Cette différence se traduit à l'oeil par une différence d'intensité lumineuse réfléchie comparable à un effet de Watermark visible à l'ordre zéro.An alternative embodiment consists, with other subwavelength structures, in producing an image of a single color but with different intensities. The two network vectors being parallel and the characteristics of the identical networks, the two regions have the same color. The diffusing function of the first region is different from the diffusing function of the second region. This difference is reflected in the eye by a difference in reflected light intensity comparable to a watermark effect visible at zero order.

La figure 17 illustre un autre mode de réalisation avec deux structures, deux couleurs et deux intensités lumineuses.The figure 17 illustrates another embodiment with two structures, two colors and two light intensities.

Le composant est constitué de deux structures différentes : S1 est la structure encapsulée fortement diffusante, et correspond aux surfaces (161) et (164) et S2 est une structure sub-longueur d'onde encapsulée à faible diffusion, correspondant aux surfaces (162) et (163). Ce composant présente donc deux couleurs C1 et C2 différentes à la réflexion mais aussi deux images apparaissant par effet Watermark par différence d'intensité. Lorsque l'on opère une rotation dans le plan d'un quart de cercle, les couleurs C1 et C2 s'inversent et l'effet « Watermark » est toujours présent.The component consists of two different structures: S1 is the highly scattering encapsulated structure, and corresponds to the surfaces (161) and (164) and S2 is a low diffusion encapsulated subwavelength structure, corresponding to the surfaces (162). and (163). This component therefore has two different colors C1 and C2 on reflection but also two images appearing by Watermark effect by difference in intensity. When rotating in the plane of a quarter circle, the colors C1 and C2 are reversed and the effect "Watermark" is always present.

L'invention peut être utilisée dans tous les composants optiques de sécurité type hologramme présentant une couche métallique ou diélectrique, ce qui permet de combiner les avantages et niveaux de sécurité des hologrammes standard et des produits résultants de l'invention.The invention can be used in all hologram type security optical components having a metal or dielectric layer, which makes it possible to combine the advantages and safety levels of the standard holograms and the resultant products of the invention.

Claims (10)

  1. Security marking optical component producing a first configuration, which may be seen when observed through a polarizer when the latter is oriented with a first orientation, and a second configuration, which is distinct from the first and which may be seen when observed through the polarizer when the latter is oriented with a second orientation, the optical component comprising a stamped film in order to form at least two diffraction gratings,
    such that
    said at least two diffraction gratings are subwavelength gratings, each of said gratings having:
    - a period shorter than 550 nm, and a modulation comprised between 0.25 and 0.5 with respect to a reference plane; and
    - a relief structure resulting from a coupling between said subwavelength grating and a chaotic scattering function;
    said at least two diffraction gratings having adjacent limits and being oriented perpendicularly to each other.
  2. Marking optical component according to the preceding claim, such that each grating is encapsulated between a high-refractive-index layer and a low-refractive-index layer.
  3. Marking optical component according to Claim 1 or 2, such that each of the gratings is formed in a predefined graphical configuration, of visible dimensions, the gratings having adjacent limits, said gratings having perpendicular principal vectors.
  4. Marking optical component according to any one of the preceding claims, such that it includes a stamped transparent film covered with a reflective metal layer.
  5. Marking optical component according to Claim 4, such that the reflective layer is formed by a transparent high-refractive-index material; said reflective layer preferably being coated with an adhesive in order to allow it to be applied to a carrier to be authenticated.
  6. Marking optical component according to at least one of the preceding claims, such that said optical component is partially demetallized.
  7. Marking optical component according to at least one of the preceding claims, such that the stamped film is made of a transparent birefringent material.
  8. Process for manufacturing a security marking optical component according to any one of the preceding claims, producing a first configuration, which may be seen when observed through a polarizer when the latter is oriented with a first orientation, and a second configuration, which is distinct from the first and which may be seen when observed through the polarizer when the latter is oriented with a second orientation, the optical component comprising a stamped film in order to form at least two diffraction gratings having distinct orientations, each of said gratings having a period shorter than 550 nm and a modulation comprised between 0.25 and 0.5 with respect to a reference plane, the component furthermore comprising a scattering treatment,
    such that
    said scattering treatment comprising a step of recording, in a given region of a photosensitive region exposed to form a subwavelength grating, a speckle-type structure, and then replicating the structure to form a dielectric layer on which is then formed a metal deposit, which is then coated with a protective varnish.
  9. Reader intended to be used to inspect a marking optical component according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, such that it comprises two juxtaposed polarizer sections, the main axes of which are oriented perpendicularly, the orientation of the axes of these polarizers being matched to the orientations of the grating vectors, said polarizers being movable translationally in order to make appear, in succession, in an observation window, the various configurations of the optical component to be inspected, and a means for inspecting the optical component in two distinct polarization directions.
  10. Reader according to Claim 9, such that it comprises a scattering element placed between the polarizers and the component to be verified.
EP07765984.5A 2006-05-02 2007-05-02 Optical security marking component, method of manufacturing such a component, system comprising such a component, and reader for checking such a component Active EP2021840B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0651571A FR2900737B1 (en) 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 OPTICAL SECURITY MARKING COMPONENT, SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A COMPONENT AND READER FOR CONTROLLING SUCH A COMPONENT
FR0754814A FR2900738B3 (en) 2006-05-02 2007-05-02 OPTICAL SECURITY MARKING COMPONENT, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A METHOD, SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH COMPONENT AND READER FOR CONTROLLING SUCH COMPONENT
PCT/FR2007/051201 WO2007125266A1 (en) 2006-05-02 2007-05-02 Optical security marking component, method of manufacturing such a component, system comprising such a component, and reader for checking such a component

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RU2008146633A (en) 2010-06-10
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US20090190223A1 (en) 2009-07-30
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KR20090009942A (en) 2009-01-23
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FR2900738B3 (en) 2008-08-01
WO2007125266A1 (en) 2007-11-08

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