EP2013238A1 - Procédé de production d'une dispersion aqueuse de copolymère - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'une dispersion aqueuse de copolymère

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Publication number
EP2013238A1
EP2013238A1 EP07728138A EP07728138A EP2013238A1 EP 2013238 A1 EP2013238 A1 EP 2013238A1 EP 07728138 A EP07728138 A EP 07728138A EP 07728138 A EP07728138 A EP 07728138A EP 2013238 A1 EP2013238 A1 EP 2013238A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monomers
polymerization
aqueous
weight
total amount
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EP07728138A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marc Schröder
Andreas Eipper
Matthias Scheibitz
Jens Assmann
Hiroki Fukuhara
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
    • C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
    • C08F2/20—Aqueous medium with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents

Definitions

  • the present invention is a process for the preparation of an aqueous copolymer dispersion by free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of at least one dispersant and at least one free radical initiator according to the feed process, which is characterized in that for the emulsion
  • the monomers A to C add to 100 wt .-% (Geticianmono- merenmenge) and the monomer feeds are such that> _ 60 wt .-% of the total amount of monomers B added to the polymerization under polymerization at a time are added after the polymerization mixture> _ 60 wt .-% of the total amount of monomers under polymerization.
  • the present invention also provides the aqueous copolymer dispersions obtainable by the process according to the invention and their use in various fields of use.
  • WO 00/55223 discloses the use of ethylenically unsaturated crosslinkers in the preparation of polymer dispersions as binders of metal coatings having a corrosion-protective effect.
  • the use of the crosslinkers ensures that the discrete spherical particles of the copolymer dispersion are dimensionally stable.
  • the ethylenically unsaturated crosslinkers are used in proportions of 0.1 to 6% by weight and added continuously during the emulsion polymerization.
  • GB-A 13891 15 discloses the use of ethylenically unsaturated crosslinkers in the preparation of graft copolymers for use as an additive for reinforcing PVC and nitrile rubber.
  • the graft copolymers comprise a core with 0.1 to 1% by weight of crosslinker in copolymerized form and a crosslinker-free graft shell.
  • a disadvantage of the aqueous copolymer dispersions obtainable by the prior art is in particular their high coagulum content.
  • wall covering in the spray tower which has an adverse effect on the powder yield and increases the cleaning effort, is reinforced.
  • the object of the present invention was to provide a novel process for preparing aqueous dispersions of crosslinked copolymers, which is characterized by lower coagulum contents.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out semicontinuously in a polymerization vessel, wherein the polymerization vessel is to be understood as meaning all vessels in which an aqueous emulsion polymerization can be carried out.
  • Polymerization vessels include, for example, in particular glass reactors, enamelled steel reactors or stainless steel reactors whose size can be from 0.5 l to 100 m 3 .
  • Suitable monomers A include, in particular, simple free-radically polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as, for example, ethylene, vinylaromatic monomers, such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene or vinyltoluenes, esters of vinyl alcohol and monocarboxylic acids having 1 to 18 C atoms, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl n-butyrate, vinyl laurate and vinyl stearate, esters of preferably 3 to 6 C-atoms having ⁇ , ß-monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, in particular acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid, having generally from 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 8 and in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms having alkanols such as, in particular, methyl and ethyl acrylates, ethyls,
  • monomers A which usually increase the internal strength of the films of the polymer matrix, normally have at least one hydroxyl, N-methylol or carbonyl group.
  • methacrylic acid and acrylic acid C 1 -C 8 -hydroxyalkyl esters such as n-hydroxyethyl, n-hydroxypropyl or n-hydroxybutyl acrylate and methacrylate, and also compounds such as diacetoneacrylamide and acetylacetoxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate.
  • the abovementioned monomers are in amounts of ⁇ 5% by weight, often> 0.1 and ⁇ 3% by weight and frequently> 0.2 and ⁇ _ 2 wt .-% used for the polymerization.
  • siloxane-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as the vinyltrialkoxysilanes, for example vinyltrimethoxysilane, alkylvinyldialkoxysilanes, acryloyloxyalkyltrialkoxysilanes, or methacryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilanes, for example acryloxyethyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxyethyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • These monomers are used in total amounts of ⁇ 5% by weight, frequently of> 0.01 and ⁇ 3% by weight and often of> 0.05 and ⁇ 1% by weight, based in each case on the total amount of mono- meren A, used.
  • monomers A additionally such ethylenically unsaturated monomers AS, which contain either at least one acid group and / or their corresponding anion or such ethylenically unsaturated monomers AK, the at least one amino, amido, ureido or N-heterocyclic group and / or their nitrogen-protonated or alkylated ammonium derivatives are used.
  • the amount of Monomers AS or monomers AK ⁇ 10 wt .-%, often> 0.1 and ⁇ 7 wt .-% and often> 0.2 and ⁇ 5 wt .-%.
  • monomers AS ethylenically unsaturated monomers having at least one acid group are used.
  • the acid group may be, for example, a sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and / or phosphonic acid group.
  • monomers AS are 4-styrenesulfonic acid, 2-methacryloxyethylsulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid and vinylphosphonic acid and phosphoric acid monoesters of n-hydroxyalkyl acrylates and n-hydroxyalkyl methacrylates, such as, for example, phosphoric acid monoesters of hydroxyethyl acrylate, n-hydroxypropyl acrylate, n-hydroxybutyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, n-hydroxyalkyl methacrylate.
  • ammonium and alkali metal salts of the aforementioned at least one acid group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers can also be used according to the invention.
  • Particularly preferred alkali metal is sodium and potassium.
  • Examples of these are the ammonium, sodium and potassium salts of 4-styrenesulfonic acid, 2-methacryloxyethylsulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid and vinylphosphonic acid, and the mono- and di-ammonium, sodium and potassium salts of the phosphoric acid monoesters of hydroxyethyl acrylate, n-hydroxypropyl acrylate, n- Hydroxybutyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, n-hydroxypropyl methacrylate or n-hydroxybutyl methacrylate.
  • the monomers AK used are ethylenically unsaturated monomers which contain at least one amino, amido, ureido or N-heterocyclic group and / or their nitrogen-protonated or alkylated ammonium derivatives.
  • Examples of monomers AK which contain at least one amino group are 2-aminoethyl acrylate, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate, 3-aminopropyl acrylate, 3-aminopropyl methacrylate, 4-amino-n-butyl acrylate, 4-amino-n-butyl methacrylate, 2- (N- Methyl amino) ethyl acrylate, 2- (N-methylamino) ethyl methacrylate, 2- (N-ethylamino) ethyl acrylate, 2- (N-ethylamino) ethyl methacrylate, 2- (Nn-propylamino) ethyl acrylate, 2- (Nn-propylamino ) ethyl methacrylate, 2- (N-iso-propylamino) ethyl methacrylate, 2- (N-iso-propylamino) ethyl me
  • Butylamino) ethyl methacrylate for example commercially available as NORSOCRYL ® TBAEMA Fa. Elf Atochem
  • 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate for example commercially available as NORSOCRYL ® ADAME Fa. Elf Atochem
  • 2- (N N- 1 dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate for example commercially available as NORSOCRYL ® MADAME Fa.
  • 2- (N, N-diethylamino) ethyl acrylate 2- (N N- 1
  • Examples of monomers AK containing at least one amido group are N-methylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, N-n-propylacrylamide, Nn-propylmethacrylamide, N-iso-propylacrylamide, N-iso-propylmethacrylamide, N tert-butylacrylamide, N-tert-butyl methacrylamide, N 1 N-dimethylacrylamide, N, N-dimethyl methacrylamide, N, N-diethyl acrylamide, N 1 N- diethyl methacrylamide, N, N-di-n-propylacrylamide, N, N -Di-n-propylmethacrylamide, N 1 N-diisopropylacrylamide, N, N-diisopropylmethacrylamide, N, N-di-n-butylacrylamide, N 1 N-di-n-buty
  • Cyclohexylacrylamide but also N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylcaprolactam.
  • Examples of monomers AK which comprise at least one ureido group N 1 N '- divinylethyleneurea and 2- (1-imidazolin-2-onyl) ethyl methacrylate (for example commercially available as NORSOCRYL ® 100 from Elf Atochem.).
  • Examples of monomers AK containing at least one N-heterocyclic group are 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 1-vinylimidazole, 2-vinylimidazole and N-vinylcarbazole.
  • AK compounds are preferably used: 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylimidazole, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate, 2- (N 1 N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate, 2- (N, N- diethylamino) ethyl acrylate, 2- (N 1 N-diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate, and 2- (1-ethyl methacrylate -lmidazolin 2-onyl).
  • a part or the total amount of the abovementioned nitrogen-containing monomers AK can be present in the nitrogen-protonated quaternary ammonium form.
  • AK as monomers having a quaternary Alkylammonium are exemplified 2- (N, N 1 NT rimethylammonium) ethylacrylatchlorid (for example commercially available as NORSOCRYL ® ADAMQUAT MC 80 from. Elf Ato brass), 2- (N, N, N-trimethylammonium) ethyl methacrylate chloride (e.g., commercially available as NORSOCRYL MADQUAT ® MC 75 from.
  • 2- (N, N 1 NT rimethylammonium) ethylacrylatchlorid for example commercially available as NORSOCRYL ® ADAMQUAT MC 80 from. Elf Ato brass
  • 2- (N, N, N-trimethylammonium) ethyl methacrylate chloride e.g., commercially available as NORSOCRYL MADQUAT ® MC 75 from.
  • mixtures of the aforementioned ethylenically unsaturated monomers A can be used.
  • the total amount of the monomers A is 70 to 99.5 wt .-%, advantageously 80 to 99 wt .-% and particularly advantageously 90 to 98 wt .-%, each based on the total amount of monomers.
  • a partial amount of the monomers A are initially charged in the polymerization vessel and the total amount or residual amount of monomers A remaining are added to the polymerization vessel batchwise under polymerization conditions in several portions or continuously with constant or changing flow rates.
  • ⁇ _ 30% by weight and in particular advantageously ⁇ 10% by weight of the monomers A are initially introduced in the polymerization vessel and the total amount or the remaining amount ne residual amount of monomers A the polymerization continuously added with constant or changing flow rates.
  • monomers B compounds having at least two free-radically copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups are used.
  • monomers having at least two vinyl radicals monomers having at least two vinylidene radicals, and monomers having at least two alkenyl radicals.
  • Particularly advantageous are the diesters of dihydric alcohols with .alpha.,. Beta.-monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, of which the acrylic and methacrylic acids are preferred.
  • alkylene glycol diacrylates and dimethacrylates such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,2-propylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-propylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butylene glycol diacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1, 2-propylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1, 3-propylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1, 3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1, 4-butylene glycol dimethacrylate and o-, m- and / or p-divinylbenzene, vinyl methacrylate, vinyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, allyl acrylate, diallyl maleate, diallyl fumarate, Diallyl phthalate, methylenebisacrylamide, cyclopentadienyl acrylate, triallyl cyanurate
  • mixtures of the aforementioned monomers B can be used.
  • o- / m- / p-divinylbenzene, 1,4-butylene glycol diacrylate, vinyl acrylate, vinyl methacrylate, allyl acrylate and / or allyl methacrylate are used as monomers B.
  • the total amount of monomers B is from 0.5 to 30% by weight, advantageously from 1 to 20% by weight and in particular from 2 to 10% by weight, in each case based on the total monomer amount.
  • a partial amount of the monomers B are initially charged in the polymerization vessel and the total amount or residual amount of monomers B remaining are added to the polymerization vessel batchwise under polymerization conditions in several portions or continuously with constant or varying flow rates.
  • ⁇ 10% by weight and in particular advantageously ⁇ 5% by weight of the monomers B are introduced into the polymerization vessel and the total amount or the residual amount of monomers B added is metered into the polymerization vessel.
  • ß-monoethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids and / or their amides are used.
  • these are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid and their corresponding amides.
  • Particularly preferred alkali metal is sodium and potassium. Examples of these are the ammonium, sodium and potassium salts of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and crotonic acid.
  • mixtures of the aforementioned monomers C can be used.
  • Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide and / or methacrylamide are advantageously used as monomers C.
  • the total amount of monomers C is generally ⁇ _ 5 wt .-%, often> _ 0.1 and ⁇ _ 3 wt .-% and often> _ 0.2 and ⁇ _ 2 wt .-%, each based on the total amount of monkeys.
  • a partial amount of the monomers C are initially charged in the polymerization vessel and the total amount or remaining amount of monomers C are added to the polymerization under polymerization conditions discontinuously in several portions or continuously borrowed with constant or changing flow rates.
  • ⁇ 30% by weight and in particular advantageously ⁇ 10% by weight of the monomers C are introduced into the polymerization vessel and the total amount or the residual amount of monomers C added to the polymerization vessel is metered in continuously with constant or varying flow rates.
  • the monomers A to C are chosen such that> _ 95 wt .-% and particularly advantageously> _ 97 wt .-% of all monomers at 20 ° C and 1 atm (absolute) solubility in deionized water of ⁇ _ 10 wt .-% and in particular ⁇ _ 5 wt .-% have.
  • the monomers A and the monomers C are selected in type and amount such that a copolymer composed solely of these monomers would have a glass transition temperature> -40 ° C., advantageously> -70 ° C. and especially advantageously -90 ° C.
  • x 1 , x 2 x n, the mass fractions of the monomers 1, 2 n and T 9 1 , T 9 2 T g n mean the glass transition temperatures of each of only one of the monomers 1, 2 n built polymers in degrees Kelvin.
  • the T g values for the homopolymers of most of the monomers are known and are listed, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed., Vol. A21, page 169, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1992; Other sources of glass transition temperatures of homopolymers include, for example, J. Brandrup, EH Immergut, Polymer Handbook, 1 st Ed., J. Wiley, New York, 1966; 2 nd ed. J. Wiley, New York, 1975 and 3 rd Ed. J. Wiley, New York, 1989.
  • water preferably drinking water and particularly preferably deionized water is used, the total amount of which is such that it is 30 to 90 wt .-% and advantageously 50 to 80 wt .-%, each based on the accessible by the inventive method aqueous copolymer dispersion.
  • the polymerization vessel it is possible to optionally introduce a partial or total amount of water in the polymerization vessel.
  • a small subset of water is introduced into the polymerization vessel and a larger subset of water in the form of an aqueous monomer emulsion is added under polymerization conditions.
  • dispersants are used which keep dispersed both the monomer droplets and the copolymerizate particles formed in the aqueous phase and thus ensure the stability of the aqueous copolymer dispersion produced.
  • Suitable as such are both the protective colloids commonly used to carry out free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerizations and emulsifiers.
  • Suitable protective colloids are, for example, polyvinyl alcohols, cellulose derivatives or vinylpyrrolidone-containing copolymers. A detailed description of other suitable protective colloids can be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV / 1, Macromolecular substances, pages 41 1 to 420, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961.
  • mixtures of emulsifiers and / or protective colloids can be used.
  • dispersants only emulsifiers whose relative molecular weights, in contrast to the protective colloids usually below 1000 g / mol.
  • They may be anionic, cationic or nonionic in nature.
  • the individual components must be compatible with each other, which can be checked in case of doubt by hand on fewer preliminary tests.
  • anionic emulsifiers are compatible with each other and with nonionic emulsifiers.
  • anionic and cationic emulsifiers are usually incompatible with each other.
  • Common emulsifiers are, for example, ethoxylated mono-, di- and tri-alkylphenols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 to C 12), ethoxylated fatty alcohols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: Cs to C 36) and alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates (alkyl radical: Ce to C12), of sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated alkanols (EO degree: 4 to 30, alkyl radical: C12 to C18) and ethoxylated alkylphenols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 to C12), of alkylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C12 to Ci ⁇ ) and of alkylarylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: Cg to Ci ⁇ ).
  • emulsifiers can be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV / 1, Mac
  • R 1 and R 2 are C 4 - to C 24 -AlkVl and one of R 1 or R 2 may also stand for hydrogen, and A and B may be alkali metal ions and / or ammonium ions proved.
  • R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched alkyl radicals having 6 to 18 C atoms, in particular having 6, 12 and 16 C atoms or H atoms, where R 1 and R 2 are not both simultaneously H and Atoms are.
  • a and B are preferably sodium, potassium or ammonium ions, with sodium ions being particularly preferred.
  • Particularly advantageous are compounds I in which A and B are sodium ions, R 1 is a branched alkyl radical having 12 C atoms and R 2 is an H atom or R 1 .
  • Industrial mixtures are used having the monoalkylated product containing from 50 to 90 wt .-%, for example, Dowfax ® 2A1 (trade- mark of Dow Chemical Company).
  • the compounds I are well known, for. B. off US-A 4,269,749, and commercially available.
  • Nonionic and / or anionic emulsifiers are preferably used for the process according to the invention.
  • cationic emulsifiers particularly preference is given to using anionic emulsifiers, such as alkylaryl-sulfonic acids, alkyl sulfates, sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated alkanols and / or their corresponding alkali metal salts.
  • the amount of dispersant used is 0.1 and 5 15% by weight and preferably> 0.5 to ⁇ 5% by weight, in each case based on the total monomer amount.
  • the invention it is possible to optionally introduce a partial or total amount of dispersant in the polymerization vessel. However, it is also possible to meter in the total amount or any residual amount of dispersant together with the monomer A, B and / or C, in particular in the form of an aqueous monomer emulsion under polymerization conditions.
  • free-radical polymerization initiator can be both peroxides and azo compounds.
  • redox initiator systems come into consideration.
  • peroxides may in principle inorganic peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide or peroxodisulfates, such as the mono- or di-alkali metal or ammonium salts of peroxodisulfuric, such as their mono- and di-sodium, potassium or ammonium salts or organic peroxides, such as alkyl hydroperoxides, for example tert-butyl, p-menthyl or cumyl hydroperoxide, and also dialkyl or diaryl peroxides, such as di-tert-butyl or di-cumyl peroxide.
  • inorganic peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide or peroxodisulfates, such as the mono- or di-alkali metal or ammonium salts of peroxodisulfuric, such as their mono- and di-sodium, potassium or ammonium salts or organic peroxides, such as alkyl hydroperoxides, for example tert-butyl
  • Suitable oxidizing agents for redox initiator systems are essentially the abovementioned peroxides.
  • Suitable reducing agents may be sulfur compounds having a low oxidation state, such as alkali metal sulphites, for example potassium and / or sodium sulphite, alkali hydrogen sulphites, for example potassium and / or sodium hydrogen sulphite, alkali metal metabisulphites, for example potassium and / or sodium metabisulphite, formaldehyde sulphoxylates, for example potassium and / or sodium formaldehyde.
  • alkali metal sulphites for example potassium and / or sodium sulphite
  • alkali hydrogen sulphites for example potassium and / or sodium hydrogen sulphite
  • alkali metal metabisulphites for example potassium and / or sodium metabisulphite
  • formaldehyde sulphoxylates for example potassium and / or sodium formaldehyde.
  • dehydrosulfoxylate alkali metal salts, especially potassium and / or sodium salts, aliphatic sulfinic acids and alkali metal hydrogen sulfides, such as, for example, potassium and / or sodium hydrosulfide, salts of polyvalent metals, such as iron (II) sulfate, iron (II) ammonium sulfate, Iron (II) phosphate, endiols such as dihydroxymaleic acid, benzoin and / or ascorbic acid and reducing saccharides such as sorbose, glucose, fructose and / or dihydroxyacetone.
  • the amount of the radical initiator based on the total amount of monomers, 0.01 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 3 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0.2 to 1, 5 wt .-%.
  • radical initiator it is possible to optionally introduce a partial or the total amount of radical initiator in the polymerization vessel. However, it is also possible to meter in the total amount or any remaining amount of radical initiator to the polymerization vessel under polymerization conditions.
  • auxiliaries known to the person skilled in the art, for example so-called thickeners, defoamers, neutralizing agents, preservatives, radical chain-transferring compounds and / or complexing agents.
  • thickeners or rheology additives are frequently used as the formulation constituent.
  • organic thickeners such as xanthan thickeners, guar thickeners (polysaccharides), carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose (cellulose derivatives), alkali-swellable dispersions (acrylate thickeners) or hydrophobically modified, polyether-based polyurethanes ( Polyurethane thickener) or inorganic thickeners, such as bentonite, hectorite, smectite, attapulgite (Bentone) and titanates or zirconates (metal organyls).
  • antifoams are used.
  • the defoamers are familiar to the person skilled in the art. These are essentially mineral oil and the silicone oil defoamers. Defoamers, especially the highly active silicone-containing, are generally very carefully selected and dosed, as they can lead to surface defects (craters, dents, etc.) of the coating. It is essential that the addition of finely divided, hydrophobic particles, for example hydrophobic silica or wax particles, in the defoamer liquid, the defoaming effect can be increased.
  • acids or bases known to those skilled in the art as neutralizing agents can be used to adjust the pH of the aqueous polymer dispersions obtainable in accordance with the invention.
  • fungi fungi or yeasts
  • preservatives or biocides familiar to those skilled in the art
  • combinations of active substances from methyl and chloroisothiazolinones, benzothiazolinones, formaldehyde or formaldehyde-releasing agents are used.
  • radical-chain-transferring compounds in order to reduce or control the molecular weight of the copolymers obtainable by the polymerization.
  • n-butyl chloride n-butyl bromide, n-butyl iodide
  • methylene chloride ethylene dichloride, chloroform, bromoform, bromotrichloromethane, dibromodichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, carbon tetrabromide
  • benzyl chloride benzyl bromide
  • organic thio compounds such as primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic thiols, such as, for example, ethanethiol, n-propanethiol, 2-propanethiol, n-butanethiol, 2-butanethiol, 2-methyl-2-propanethiol, n-pentanethiol, 2-pentanethiol, 3-pentanethiol , 2-methyl-2-butanethiol,
  • Methylbenzenethiol as well as all other described in Polymerhandbook 3 rd edtiti- on, 1989, J. Brandrup and EH Immergut, John Weley & Sons, Section II, pages 133 to 141, but also aliphatic and / or aromatic aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, Propionaldehyde and / or benzaldehyde, unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, dienes with non-conjugated double bonds, such as divinylmethane or vinylcyclohexane or hydrocarbons with easily abstractable hydrogen atoms, such as toluene, are used. It is advantageous to use tert-dodecylmercaptan, 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene and terpinolene (see, for example, DE-A 10046930 or DE-A 1014851 1).
  • the total amount of further optional auxiliaries, based on the total amount of monomers, is generally ⁇ 10% by weight, ⁇ 5% by weight, often ⁇ 3% by weight and frequently ⁇ 2% by weight.
  • the inventive free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization can also be carried out in the presence of a polymer seed, for example in the presence of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, frequently from 0.01 to 5% by weight and often from 0.04 to 3, 5% by weight of a polymer seed, in each case based on the total amount of monomers.
  • a polymer seed is used in particular when the particle size of the polymer particles to be prepared by free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization is to be specifically adjusted (see, for example, US Pat. No. 2,520,959 and US Pat. No. 3,397,165).
  • polymer seed particles whose particle size distribution is narrow and whose weight-average diameter D w is 100 nm, frequently _ 5 nm to ⁇ 50 nm and often 15 15 nm to ⁇ 35 nm, are used.
  • the determination of the weight-average particle diameter is known to the person skilled in the art and is carried out, for example, by the method of the analytical ultracentrifuge.
  • weight-average particle diameter this text is understood to mean the weight-average D W 5o value determined by the method of the analytical ultracentrifuge (cf., for this purpose, SE Harding et al., Analytical Ultra-centrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge , Great Britain 1992, Chapter 10, Analysis of Polymer Dispersions with an Eight Cell AUC Multiplexer: High Resolution Particle Size Distribution and Density Gradient Techniques, W. Gurchtle, pages 147 to 175).
  • a narrow particle size distribution should be understood within the scope of this document if the ratio of the weight-average particle diameter D w determined by the method of the analytical ultracentrifuge and number-average particle diameter DN 50 [D W 5O / DN 50] ⁇ 2.0, preferably ⁇ 1.5 preferably ⁇ 1, 2 or ⁇ 1, 1 is.
  • the polymer seed is used in the form of an aqueous polymer dispersion.
  • the aforementioned amounts are based on the polymer solids content of the aqueous Polymersaatdispersion; they are therefore given as parts by weight of polymer seed solids, based on the total amount of monomers.
  • a foreign polymer seed is understood to mean a polymer seed which in one separate Reaction step was prepared and the monomeric composition of which is different from the polymer prepared by the free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization, but this means nothing else than that different monomers or monomer mixtures are used with different composition for the preparation of Fremdpolymersaat and for preparing the aqueous polymer ,
  • the preparation of a foreign polymer seed is familiar to the person skilled in the art and is usually carried out by initially charging a relatively small amount of monomers and a relatively large amount of emulsifiers in a reaction vessel and adding a sufficient amount of polymerization initiator at the reaction temperature.
  • polymer foreign seed having a glass transition temperature> 50 ° C., frequently> 60 ° C. or> 70 ° C. and often> 80 ° C. or> 90 ° C.
  • polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate polymer seed Particularly preferred is a polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate polymer seed.
  • the invention it is possible to optionally introduce a partial or the total amount of foreign polymer seed as a further optional adjuvant in the polymerization vessel. However, it is also possible to meter in the total amount or any residual amounts of foreign polymer seed under polymerization conditions.
  • polymerization conditions are meant those temperatures and pressures below which the free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization proceeds at a sufficient rate of polymerization.
  • this is particularly dependent on the radical initiator used.
  • the nature and amount of the free-radical initiator, the polymerization temperature and the polymerization pressure are selected such that the free-radical initiator has a half life ⁇ _ 3 hours, particularly advantageously ⁇ 1 hour and most preferably ⁇ _ 30 minutes.
  • the reaction temperature for the free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization according to the invention is the entire range from 0 to 170 ° C. In this case, temperatures of 50 to 150 ° C, in particular 60 to 130 ° C and advantageously 70 to 120 ° C are applied in the rule.
  • the free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization according to the invention can be carried out at a pressure of less than or equal to 1 atm, so that the polymerization temperature can exceed 100 ° C. and can be up to 170 ° C.
  • volatile monomers such as ethylene, butadiene or vinyl chloride is polymerized under elevated pressure.
  • the pressure may be 1, 2, 1, 5, 2, 5, 10, 15 bar (absolute) or even higher values. If emulsion polymerizations are carried out under reduced pressure, pressures of 950 mbar, often 900 mbar and often 850 mbar (absolute) are set.
  • inventive radical aqueous emulsion polymerization at elevated pressure under inert gas atmosphere such as carried out under nitrogen or argon.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out in such a way that a partial amount of the deionized water, the dispersant and, if appropriate, a subset of the monomers A, B and / or C and of the free-radical initiator are initially introduced in the polymerization vessel at 20 to 25 ° C. under inert gas atmosphere Then, the template mixture is heated with stirring to the appropriate polymerization temperature and then the residual amounts of deionized water and dispersing aid and the total amounts or any remaining amounts of monomers A, B and / or C and free radical initiator are added.
  • the metering of the monomers A, B and / or C, the radical initiator and the other components can be carried out batchwise in several subsets and continuously with constant or changing flow rates.
  • the metering of the monomers A to C in the form of two monomer emulsions is carried out, wherein the first monomer emulsion (monomer emulsion 1)> ⁇ 60 wt .-% of the total amount, but ⁇ 40 wt .-% of the total amount of the monomers B contains, while the second Monomeren- nemulsion (monomer emulsion 2) ⁇ 40 wt .-% of the total amount of monomers, but> _ 60 wt .-% of the total amount of the monomers B contains.
  • the inventive method is carried out such that first monomer emulsion 1 and then monomer emulsion 2 is fed to the polymerization under polymerization.
  • the monomer emulsion 1 it is possible, if appropriate, to initially charge a partial amount of the monomer emulsion 1 in the polymerization vessel and to meter the total amount or remaining amount of the monomer emulsion 1 discontinuously into the polymerization vessel under polymerization conditions in a plurality of portions or continuously with constant or varying flow rates.
  • the monomer emulsion 2 is added to the polymerization vessel batchwise under polymerization conditions in several portions or continuously with constant or changing flow rates.
  • the dosage of the monomer emulsions 1 and 2 is carried out continuously with constant flow rates.
  • the choice of reaction conditions and the reaction procedure is such that after initiation of the radical polymerization reaction, the monomers A to C and the radical initiator are fed to the polymerization in the polymerization so that the monomer conversion at any time> _ 80 wt .-%, advantageously> _ 90% by weight, and particularly advantageously> 95% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers fed to the polymerization mixture at this time, which can be easily verified by reaction calorimetric measurements familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • water-soluble organic solvents such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanols, pentanols, but also acetone, etc.
  • water-soluble organic solvents such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanols, pentanols, but also acetone, etc.
  • the process according to the invention is preferably carried out in the absence of such solvents.
  • the reaction of the process according to the invention is advantageously carried out such that the polymerization mixture under polymerization> 60 wt .-% and ⁇ _ 95 wt .-%, preferably> _ 60 wt .-% and ⁇ _ 90 wt .-% and particularly preferred > _ 70 wt .-% and ⁇ _ 90 wt .-% of the total amount of monomers B are added after the polymerization mixture under polymerization conditions> _ 70 wt .-%, preferably> _ 75 wt .-% and particularly preferably> _ 80 wt .-% of the total amount of monomers were added.
  • the aqueous copolymer dispersions obtained by the process according to the invention usually have a copolymer solids content of> 10 and ⁇ 70% by weight, frequently> 20 and ⁇ 65% by weight and often> 40 and ⁇ 60% by weight, in each case based on the aqueous copolymer dispersion, on.
  • the number-average particle diameter (cumulant z-average) determined by quasi-elastic light scattering (ISO standard 13,321) is generally between 10 and 2,000 nm, frequently between 20 and 300 nm and often between 30 and 200 nm.
  • the remaining residual contents of unreacted monomers A to C and other low-boiling compounds in the aqueous copolymer dispersions obtained according to the invention can be determined by chemical and / or physical methods familiar to the person skilled in the art [see, for example, EP-A 771328, DE-A 19624299, DE-A 19621027, DE-A 19741 184, DE-A 19741 187, DE-A 19805122, DE-A 19828183, DE-A 19839199, DE-A 19840586 and 198471 15].
  • aqueous copolymer dispersions obtainable by the process according to the invention can be used as a component for the preparation of adhesives, sealants, plastic plasters, paper coating slips, fiber webs, paints and coating compositions for organic substrates and for the modification of mineral binders.
  • the aqueous copolymer dispersions according to the invention in a simple manner (for example freeze or spray drying), the corresponding copolymer powders are available.
  • the aqueous polymer dispersions according to the invention are suitable in particular for spray drying and in this case also have high powder yields and, at the same time, low caking tendency even without further spray aids.
  • the copolymer powders obtainable according to the invention can be brank advantageous to use as a component in the production of adhesives, sealants, plastic plasters, paper coating slips, nonwoven fabrics, paints and coating agents for organic substrates and for the modification of mineral binders.
  • the reactor contents were left to react at 95 ° C. for a further 5 hours. Thereafter, the reactor contents were cooled to room temperature and the pressure vessel was relieved to atmospheric pressure. The coagulum formed was separated from the dispersion by filtration through a sieve (mesh size 100 microns) and weighed after drying.
  • the resulting aqueous copolymer dispersion D1 had a solids content of 33.4% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous dispersion.
  • the amount of coagulum was 6 g.
  • the glass transition temperature was determined to be 44 ° C. and the particle size to be 62 nm.
  • the solids contents were generally determined by drying a defined amount of the respective aqueous copolymer dispersion (about 5 g) at 140 ° C. in a drying oven to constant weight. Two separate measurements were carried out in each case. The values given in the examples represent the mean of these two results.
  • the determination of the glass transition temperature was carried out according to DIN 53765 by means of a DSC820 instrument, TA8000 series from Mettler-Toledo Int. Inc ..
  • the average particle diameter of the polymer particles was determined by dynamic light scattering on a 0.005 to 0.01% strength by weight aqueous polymer dispersion at 23 ° C. using an Autosizer MC from Malvern Instruments, England.
  • the mean diameter of the cumulant evaluation (cumulant z-average) of the measured autocorrelation function (ISO standard 13321) is given.
  • the preparation of the comparative dispersion VD was carried out analogously to the preparation of the copolymer dispersion D1 according to the invention with the difference that the feeds 1A and 1B were combined to form a feed 1 which was metered in at a constant flow rate within 95 minutes.
  • the obtained aqueous copolymer dispersion VD had a solids content of 33.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous dispersion.
  • the amount of coagulum was 24 g.
  • the glass transition temperature was determined to 44 ° C and the particle size to 60 nm.
  • Spray drying was carried out in a Minor laboratory dryer from GEA Wiegand GmbH (Niro business unit) with two-component nozzle atomization and powder separation in a fabric filter.
  • the tower inlet temperature of the nitrogen was 130 ° C, the outlet temperature 60 ° C. 2 kg of a Sprühspeise were metered in per hour.
  • the spray feed used was the dispersions D1 and VD, which had previously been diluted with deionized water to a solids content of 25% by weight.
  • Degussa is a precipitated silica having a specific surface (in accordance with ISO 5794-1, Annex D) of 100 m 2 / g, an average particle size (according to ASTM C 690-1992) of 7 microns and a ramming density (in accordance with ISO 787-1 1) of 150 g / l, the surface of which was rendered hydrophobic by treatment with special chlorosilanes.
  • the wall covering in the spray tower formed after the spray-drying of the copolymer dispersion D1 according to the invention and the comparative dispersion VD was assessed visually.
  • the powder yields obtained in the spray-drying and the assessment of the wall coverings are given in Table 1 below.
  • the aqueous copolymer dispersion D1 according to the invention has a significantly lower amount of coagulum compared to the comparative dispersion VD. Also, the powder yields achieved with the copolymer dispersion D1 according to the invention are significantly higher than those achieved with the comparative dispersion VD.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

Procédé de production d'une dispersion aqueuse de copolymère présentant un dosage d'agent de réticulation spécifique.
EP07728138A 2006-04-27 2007-04-16 Procédé de production d'une dispersion aqueuse de copolymère Withdrawn EP2013238A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102006020275A DE102006020275A1 (de) 2006-04-27 2006-04-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wässrigen Copolymerisatdispersion
PCT/EP2007/053673 WO2007125027A1 (fr) 2006-04-27 2007-04-16 Procédé de production d'une dispersion aqueuse de copolymère

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DE102008008421B4 (de) * 2008-02-09 2014-06-26 Celanese Emulsions Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymerdispersionen, die damit enthaltenen Dispersionen und deren Verwendung
US8025709B2 (en) * 2009-01-09 2011-09-27 Specialty Feritlizer Products, LLC Quick drying polymeric coating
EP3781636B1 (fr) * 2018-04-20 2022-06-08 Basf Se Composition additive pour des dispersions aqueuses des polymères hydrophobes
CN109135445A (zh) * 2018-08-09 2019-01-04 深圳市前海奇迹新材料有限公司 一种苯丙乳液底漆

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DE19939325A1 (de) * 1999-08-19 2001-02-22 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung wässriger Polymerdispersionen
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US20030125459A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-03 Basf Akiengesellschaft Aqueous polymer dispersions, their preparation and use
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