EP2004864B1 - Unpressurised expansion by means of ir - Google Patents
Unpressurised expansion by means of ir Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2004864B1 EP2004864B1 EP07723626A EP07723626A EP2004864B1 EP 2004864 B1 EP2004864 B1 EP 2004864B1 EP 07723626 A EP07723626 A EP 07723626A EP 07723626 A EP07723626 A EP 07723626A EP 2004864 B1 EP2004864 B1 EP 2004864B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- leather
- plastic dispersion
- compact particles
- hollow microspheres
- coating
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C9/00—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C11/00—Surface finishing of leather
- C14C11/003—Surface finishing of leather using macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C13/00—Manufacture of special kinds or leather, e.g. vellum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C15/00—Apparatus for chemical treatment or washing of hides, skins, or leather
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C9/00—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes
- C14C9/04—Fixing tanning agents in the leather
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for applying a coating, preferably a base coat, to the grain side of a leather, in particular a cowhide, wherein an aqueous, containing a blowing agent containing compact particles plastic dispersion is applied to this grain side and solidify and by supplying heat from the compact particles Micro hollow balls are formed.
- a leather and a method for producing the same have become known in which the rear side of the leather opposite the visible side is provided with foam equipment which is formed by solidifying a liquid-applied, finished hollow microspheres-containing plastic material by the brief action of hot air.
- the hot air in this case has a temperature of more than 280 ° C, preferably a temperature between 350 ° C and 650 ° C, is thus very hot and dry, which causes the leather, the natural moisture is removed, and that it shrinks and hardens.
- the hollow microspheres in the uppermost area of the foam equipment are often destroyed.
- this coating can not be used as a base coat for the construction of further finishing finishes.
- the DE 20318311 U1 discloses a full-grain leather in which imperfections in the scar layer are corrected by a plastic filling compound consisting of a solidified, from Compact particles by heat supply formed hollow microspheres containing plastic dispersion consists.
- the formation of the hollow microspheres is carried out by applying pressure and heat at a temperature of at least 100 ° C.
- this known design has the disadvantage that the leather is adversely affected at the required pressure and the applied temperature.
- the defects formed by depressions are not completely filled by the plastic filling compound, as after pressure relief, the pressure-elastic leather resets, whereas the plastic filling mass does not increase in volume, and thus the Kunststofffiillmasse is still set back on its upper side against the leather surface.
- the grain layer of the leather must be ground so deep until the entire surface is flat, whereby the quality of the leather is impaired and this significantly decreases in value.
- the temperature increase required for expanding the compact particles to form the hollow microspheres does not take place with economically justifiable application of pressure and heat, so that this lower region has no or only a small number of hollow microspheres. If higher temperatures are used over a relatively long period of time, although hollow microspheres form in this region, the leather is even more compacted, which leads to further hardening.
- the dermis especially in the abdominal area of a cow's skin, the looseness again fully.
- plastic dispersion is applied.
- the application takes place here in thin layers between 0.015 mm and 0.08 mm, either via rollers that rotate in the opposite direction to the transport direction of the leather, or preferably by spraying, because then the thin plastic dispersion better even in fine depressions from the leather surface starting deep in the leather penetrates.
- the application can also be done manually, e.g. by the so-called plush.
- the object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known foam-coated leather and to provide a leather, in particular a cowhide, which has a foam coating on its grain side, which can be produced in an economical manner, in which Shrinkage and hardening in the formation of the foam coating is avoided and in which defects on the top of the leather can be eliminated without any existing grain structure is damaged by reworking the top.
- the heat supply to form the hollow microspheres from the compact particles is effected by the compacted particles containing solidified plastic dispersion of infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.7 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m is suspended.
- the compact particles containing solidified plastic dispersion of infrared dark radiation having a wavelength between 2 microns and 10 microns is exposed, since in this case a deep penetration of the heat is ensured in the leather and therefore a uniform heating of the solidified plastic dispersion to form the hollow microspheres is ensured in all areas within a short time. It is sufficient if, according to the invention, the compact particles containing, solidified plastic dispersion during a period of less than 30 sec, preferably less than 20 sec, is exposed to infrared radiation.
- thermoplastic and / or thermoelastic plastic dispersions which contain a propellant having compact particles.
- These compact particles consist in a known manner of a thermoplastic or plastic copolymer, preferably of polyvinylidene chloride copolymer, containing as propellant, for example, isobutane, and have a size of less than 20 microns, preferably less than 10 microns.
- propellant for example, isobutane
- a plastic dispersion which preferably contains a wetting agent and / or density-increasing additives, such as barite, they penetrate easily into the depressions on the leather surface.
- soft plastic dispersions having a hardness of less than 70 Shore A.
- the preferred viscosity of the plastic dispersion is, especially when it penetrates with a spray device or by so-called plush, in which the low-viscosity plastic dispersion penetrates particularly deep into the finest wells on the leather is applied, in the range between 5 sec and 15 sec, measured in a Ford cup with a nozzle diameter of 6 mm. If the plastic dispersion is applied to it by means of a roller rotating in opposite directions to the direction of transport of the leather in order to assist penetration of the plastic dispersion into the depressions on the leather surface, the viscosity is between 10 and 40 sec measured in a Ford cup with a diameter of 6 mm.
- a device for applying a coating, preferably a base coat, to the grain side of a leather comprising a known application device for Application of an aqueous, compact particle containing plastic dispersion containing a blowing agent on the grain side of the leather and a solidifying the plastic dispersion causing heat source, characterized in that an infrared radiator is provided with directed against the solidified plastic dispersion beam surface, the infrared rays having a wavelength between 0, 7 microns and 10 microns emitted.
- an infrared dimmer is provided, the beam surface emits infrared rays with a wavelength between 2 microns and 10 microns.
- the jet surface of the infrared radiator is provided at a distance from the surface of the solidified plastic dispersion between 45 mm and 220 mm.
- a continuous production process is achieved in that the infrared radiator is arranged above a circulating transport device supporting the leather with the solidified plastic dispersion so that the formation of the hollow microspheres takes place in the solidified plastic dispersion while the leather passes through the transport device under the jet surface of the infrared radiator.
- the transport device expediently consists of a plurality of spaced, parallel, circumferential plastic threads, such as polyamide or polyester threads. Such plastic threads are not heated as much by the infrared rays as the leather, which contains moisture, so that they endure the temperature caused by the infrared radiation as a continuous load.
- the infrared radiator is designed as a surface radiator, so that the moving means of the transport device below the infrared radiator leather is extensively exposed to the infrared radiation.
- the infrared radiator seen in the direction of transport of the leather, is provided for a traversed by the leather drying tunnel, so that the applied to the leather plastic dispersion after passing through the drying tunnel is not only anhydrous and therefore solidified, but the leather and the solidified plastic dispersion in the presence of infrared radiation already a temperature between 65 ° C and 80 ° C. exhibit.
- the heating by means of infrared radiation at a temperature of 105 ° C in less than 12 sec.
- a drying tunnel is also provided behind the infrared radiator, in which drying of the leather provided with the foam coating takes place.
- the leather produced with the device described above is characterized in that the infrared radiation-treated coating has on its surface a homogeneous, nubuck-like, recess-free appearance, such as finely grained grain leather, even having a slight nubuck typical writing action, and microscopically has finest pores with an inner diameter of less than 35 microns.
- the closed pores are close to each other and consist of well-formed hollow microspheres, whose shells are viewed under the microscope at 25x magnification, the color of the coating in color transparent form. If, for example, the coating is blue, then the shells of the hollow microspheres are transparent blue.
- the coating of such a leather pigments and / or a silicone emulsion preferably a silicone dispersion having a solids content of more than 2 wt.%, Based on the solidified plastic dispersion and a crosslinking agent.
- an additional finish layer can be omitted.
- Such a leather despite its softness is not or almost not losnarbig.
- this leather has an optimum appearance because when compressed, many small wrinkles appear which have the appearance of high-grade full-grain aniline leather. Due to the nubuck-like appearance of the surface of the base coat, a subsequently applied finish coat can also be mechanically anchored.
- the coating of the leather can be treated after formation of the hollow microspheres on the surface with very fine sandpaper so that only the foam structure having a coating, but not the natural grain layer is removed.
- such a leather is particularly suitable for the production of automotive components, in which the leather is drawn into molds and optionally backfoamed.
- Fig. 1 shows the principle of the device described above and Fig. 2 schematically represents an embodiment of this device.
- a leather 3 On a circulating in the transport direction 1 transport device 2, a leather 3 is supported, in an unspecified, known manner, for example by spraying or by roller application, preferably by a counter-rotating to the transport direction 1 applicator roll, an aqueous, compact particles containing plastic dispersion 4 was applied, which was solidified by heat, for example by means of hot air.
- the transport device 2 consists expediently of a plurality of spaced, parallel polyamide or polyester threads, between which spaces are kept free. These threads are shown enlarged in the drawing. In practice, its diameter is less than 4 mm.
- an infrared radiator 5 is provided, from whose planar radiating surface 6 infrared radiation with a wavelength between 0.7 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m emerges in the direction of the solidified plastic dispersion 4.
- an infrared radiator 5 is provided, from whose planar radiating surface 6 infrared radiation with a wavelength between 0.7 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m emerges in the direction of the solidified plastic dispersion 4.
- the hollow microspheres 7 are shown for better visibility because of enlarged.
- the distance a between the radiation surface 6 and the top of the solidified plastic dispersion 4 is between 45 mm and 220 mm and is chosen so that the formation of the hollow microspheres 7 is ensured within a period of less than 30 sec.
- a hot air duct 9 is provided, in which over the spaces between the polyamide or polyester threads and the underside of the leather 3 warm air can be supplied.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Beschichtung, und zwar vorzugsweise einer Grundbeschichtung, auf die Narbenseite eines Leders, insbesondere eines Rindsleders, wobei eine wässerige, ein Treibmittel enthaltende Kompaktteilchen aufweisende Kunststoffdispersion auf diese Narbenseite aufgetragen und verfestigen gelassen wird und durch Wärmezufuhr aus den Kompaktteilchen Mikrohohlkugeln gebildet werden.The invention relates to a method for applying a coating, preferably a base coat, to the grain side of a leather, in particular a cowhide, wherein an aqueous, containing a blowing agent containing compact particles plastic dispersion is applied to this grain side and solidify and by supplying heat from the compact particles Micro hollow balls are formed.
Es ist bereits bekannt, die Sichtseite eines Leders mit einer Zurichtung zu versehen. Hierbei wird auf das Leder eine wässerige Kunststoffdispersion aufgetragen und durch Wärmezufuhr verfestigen gelassen. Zur Bildung einer Schaumstruktur ist es bekannt, dieser wässerigen Kunststoffdispersion fertige Mikrohohlkugeln beizumengen. Man hat auch bereits vorgeschlagen, der wässerigen Kunststoffdispersion ein Treibmittel enthaltende Kompaktteilchen hinzuzufügen, aus welchen in der Folge durch Anwendung von Druck und Wärme in der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion Mikrohohlkugeln gebildet werden.It is already known to provide the visible side of a leather with a dressing. Here, an aqueous plastic dispersion is applied to the leather and allowed to solidify by supplying heat. To form a foam structure, it is known to add finished hollow microspheres to this aqueous plastic dispersion. It has also been proposed to add to the aqueous plastic dispersion a blowing agent-containing compact particles, from which microballoons are subsequently formed by application of pressure and heat in the solidified plastic dispersion.
Man hat auch bereits vorgeschlagen, die der Sichtseite eines Leders gegenüberliegende Rückseite mit einer Schaumbeschichtung zu versehen, die aus einer Mikrohohlkugeln enthaltenden, verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion besteht. So offenbart die
Aus der
Die
Auch durch das sogenannte Stuckierverfahren wird versucht, Narbbeschädigungen zu reparieren. Dabei wird eine spachtelfähige Kunststoffdispersion, die häufig fertige Mikrohohlkugeln enthält, manuell oder maschinell auf das Leder appliziert. Beim Trocknen schrumpft die Masse um ihren Wasseranteil, so dass die ausgefüllten Vertiefungen gleichfalls gegenüber der Narbenseite zurückversetzt sind und diese daher geschliffen werden muss.Also by the so-called stucco process is trying to repair Narbgeschädigungen. In this case, a spatula-capable plastic dispersion, which often contains finished hollow microspheres, manually or mechanically applied to the leather. During drying, the mass shrinks around its water content, so that the filled wells are also set back relative to the grain side and this must therefore be ground.
Sowohl jene Verfahren, bei denen die Mikrohohlkugeln aus Kompaktteilchen mittels Wärme und Druck in der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion gebildet werden, als auch jene Verfahren, bei welchen die Mikrohohlkugeln durch Anwendung von sehr heißer Luft gebildet werden, haben Nachteile und sind für die Herstellung einer Grundbeschichtung nicht geeignet. Wird für die Wärmezufuhr zur Bildung der Mikrohohlkugeln heiße Luft verwendet, so entstehen zwar an der Oberfläche der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion rasch Mikrohohlkugeln, diese bilden jedoch dort eine wärmeisolierende Schicht und verhindern, dass Wärme in ausreichendem Maß in die tieferen Zonen eindringt, um auch dort aus den Kompaktteilchen Mikrohohlkugeln zu bilden. Wird, um diesen Nachteil zu vermeiden, die Temperatur der heißen Luft erhöht, so werden dadurch die bereits gebildeten Mikrohohlkugeln an der Oberfläche der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion zerstört und das Leder verhärtet und schrumpft.Both those methods in which the hollow microspheres of compact particles are formed by heat and pressure in the solidified plastic dispersion and those methods in which the hollow microspheres are formed by using very hot air have disadvantages and are not suitable for the production of a base coat , If hot air is used for the supply of heat to form the hollow microspheres, although hollow microspheres are rapidly formed on the surface of the solidified plastic dispersion, they form a heat-insulating layer and prevent heat from penetrating into the deeper zones to a sufficient degree Compact particles to form hollow microspheres. If, in order to avoid this disadvantage, the temperature of the hot air is increased, the already formed hollow microspheres on the surface of the solidified plastic dispersion are thereby destroyed and the leather hardens and shrinks.
Aus der
Zur Bildung einer Beschichtung auf einer Seite eines Leders sind bereits Vorrichtungen bekannt, mittels welchen auf diese Seite eine wässerige, ein Treibmittel enthaltende Kompaktteilchen aufweisende, Kunststoffdispersion aufgetragen wird. Das Auftragen erfolgt hierbei in dünnen Schichten zwischen 0,015 mm und 0,08 mm entweder über Walzen, die im Gegenlauf zur Transportrichtung des Leders rotieren, oder vorzugsweise durch Aufsprühen, weil dann die dünnflüssige Kunststoffdispersion besser selbst in feine Vertiefungen von der Lederoberfläche ausgehend auch tief in das Leder eindringt. Das Auftragen kann auch manuell, z.B. durch das sogenannte Plüschen, erfolgen.To form a coating on one side of a leather devices are already known, by means of which on this page an aqueous, containing a blowing agent containing compact particles, plastic dispersion is applied. The application takes place here in thin layers between 0.015 mm and 0.08 mm, either via rollers that rotate in the opposite direction to the transport direction of the leather, or preferably by spraying, because then the thin plastic dispersion better even in fine depressions from the leather surface starting deep in the leather penetrates. The application can also be done manually, e.g. by the so-called plush.
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich zur Aufgabe gestellt, die Nachteile der bekannten, mit einer Schaumbeschichtung versehenen Leder zu vermeiden und ein Leder, insbesondere ein Rindsleder, das auf seiner Narbenseite eine Schaumbeschichtung aufweist, zu schaffen, das auf wirtschaftliche Weise hergestellt werden kann, bei welchem ein Schrumpfen und Verhärten bei der Bildung der Schaumbeschichtung vermieden wird und bei welchem Fehlstellen an der Oberseite des Leders beseitigt werden können, ohne dass eine vorhandene Narbenstruktur durch Nachbearbeitung der Oberseite verletzt wird. Ferner gehört es zur Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Leder zu schaffen, bei welchem die Losnarbigkeit, die bei weichem vollnarbigen Rindleder vor allem im Bauchbereich immer vorhanden ist, beseitigt oder zumindest erheblich reduziert ist, und das mit einer Grundbeschichtung versehen ist, die fest auch mit der vollen Narbenseite des Leders verbunden ist, und die eine Oberfläche aufweist, auf der problemlos nach beliebigen Verfahren Finishschichten aufgebracht werden können, wobei diese Finishschichten mit der Grundbeschichtung eine enge und feste Verbindung eingehen.The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known foam-coated leather and to provide a leather, in particular a cowhide, which has a foam coating on its grain side, which can be produced in an economical manner, in which Shrinkage and hardening in the formation of the foam coating is avoided and in which defects on the top of the leather can be eliminated without any existing grain structure is damaged by reworking the top. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a leather in which the loosening, which is always present in soft full-grain cowhide, especially in the abdominal area, eliminated or at least significantly reduced, and which is provided with a primer coating firmly with the full grain side of the leather is connected, and having a surface on which can be easily applied by any method finishing layers, these finishing layers with the base coating form a close and firm connection.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Leders vorgeschlagen, dass die Wärmezufuhr zur Bildung der Mikrohohlkugeln aus den Kompaktteilchen dadurch bewirkt wird, dass die die Kompaktteilchen enthaltende, verfestigte Kunststoffdispersion einer Infrarotstrahlung mit einer Wellenlänge zwischen 0,7 µm und 100 µm ausgesetzt wird. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass bei Anwendung einer solchen Infrarotstrahlung auf die bereits verfestigte Kunststoffdispersion, die somit keine nennenswerte Menge an Wasser mehr enthält, nicht nur die Oberfläche der Kunststoffdispersion erwärmt wird und an dieser Oberfläche Mikrohohlkugeln gebildet werden, sondern vielmehr eine Wärmeeinwirkung auch in den tieferen Bereichen der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion erfolgt, sodass ein gleichmäßiges Entstehen der Mikrohohlkugeln innerhalb er gesamten verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion stattfindet, ohne dass bei diesem Erwärmungsvorgang die Eigenschaften des Leders nachteilig beeinflusst werden und ein Verhärten und Schrumpfen des Leders erfolgt.To solve this problem, it is proposed in the method according to the invention for the production of such a leather that the heat supply to form the hollow microspheres from the compact particles is effected by the compacted particles containing solidified plastic dispersion of infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.7 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m is suspended. It has been found that when using such infrared radiation on the already solidified plastic dispersion, which thus no significant amount of water more contains, not only the surface of the plastic dispersion is heated and micro hollow spheres are formed on this surface, but rather a heat also takes place in the deeper regions of the solidified plastic dispersion, so that a uniform emergence of the hollow microspheres takes place within the entire solidified plastic dispersion, without that in this heating process the properties of the leather are adversely affected and a hardening and shrinking of the leather takes place.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die die Kompaktteilchen enthaltende, verfestigte Kunststoffdispersion einer Infrarotdunkelstrahlung mit einer Wellenlänge zwischen 2 µm und 10 µm ausgesetzt wird, da in diesem Fall ein tiefes Eindringen der Wärme in das Leder sichergestellt ist und daher eine gleichmäßige Erwärmung der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion zur Bildung der Mikrohohlkugeln in allen Bereichen innerhalb kurzer Zeit sichergestellt ist. Es genügt dabei, wenn erfindungsgemäß die die Kompaktteilchen enthaltende, verfestigte Kunststoffdispersion während einer Zeitdauer von weniger als 30 sec, vorzugsweise weniger als 20 sec, einer Infrarotstrahlung ausgesetzt wird.It is advantageous if the compact particles containing solidified plastic dispersion of infrared dark radiation having a wavelength between 2 microns and 10 microns is exposed, since in this case a deep penetration of the heat is ensured in the leather and therefore a uniform heating of the solidified plastic dispersion to form the hollow microspheres is ensured in all areas within a short time. It is sufficient if, according to the invention, the compact particles containing, solidified plastic dispersion during a period of less than 30 sec, preferably less than 20 sec, is exposed to infrared radiation.
Optimale Ergebnisse werden erzielt, wenn beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die die Kompaktteilchen enthaltende, verfestigte Kunststoffdispersion mittels Infrarotstrahlung auf eine Temperatur zwischen 90° und 115°C erwärmt wird.Optimum results are achieved when the compact particles containing, solidified plastic dispersion is heated by means of infrared radiation to a temperature between 90 ° and 115 ° C in the inventive method.
Für die Bildung der Beschichtung werden thermoplastische und/oder thermoelastische Kunststoffdispersionen verwendet, die ein Treibmittel aufweisende Kompaktteilchen enthalten. Diese Kompaktteilchen bestehen in bekannter Weise aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff oder Kunststoff-Copolymerisat, vorzugsweise aus Polyvinylidenchlorid-Copolymerisat, enthalten als Treibmittel beispielsweise Isobutan, und weisen eine Größe von weniger als 20 µm, vorzugsweise weniger als 10 µm auf. Sie dringen bei Verwendung in einer Kunststoffdispersion, die vorzugsweise ein Netzmittel und/oder die Dichte erhöhende Zusätze, wie Schwerspat, enthält, leicht in die Vertiefungen an der Lederoberfläche ein. Besonders geeignet sind weiche Kunststoffdispersionen mit einer Härte von weniger als 70 Shore A. Die bevorzugte Viskosität der Kunststoffdispersion liegt, insbesondere wenn sie mit einer Sprühvorrichtung oder durch sogenanntes Plüschen, bei welchem die niedrigviskose Kunststoffdispersion besonders tief auch in die feinsten Vertiefungen eindringt, auf das Leder aufgetragen wird, im Bereich zwischen 5 sec und 15 sec, gemessen in einem Fordbecher mit einem Düsendurchmesser von 6 mm. Wird die Kunststoffdispersion mittels einer gegenläufig zur Transportrichtung des Leders rotierenden Walze auf dieses aufgetragen, um das Eindringen der Kunststoffdispersion in die Vertiefungen an der Lederoberfläche zu unterstützen, so beträgt die Viskosität zwischen 10 und 40 sec gemessen in einem Fordbecher mit einem Durchmesser von 6mm.For the formation of the coating thermoplastic and / or thermoelastic plastic dispersions are used which contain a propellant having compact particles. These compact particles consist in a known manner of a thermoplastic or plastic copolymer, preferably of polyvinylidene chloride copolymer, containing as propellant, for example, isobutane, and have a size of less than 20 microns, preferably less than 10 microns. When used in a plastic dispersion, which preferably contains a wetting agent and / or density-increasing additives, such as barite, they penetrate easily into the depressions on the leather surface. Particularly suitable are soft plastic dispersions having a hardness of less than 70 Shore A. The preferred viscosity of the plastic dispersion is, especially when it penetrates with a spray device or by so-called plush, in which the low-viscosity plastic dispersion penetrates particularly deep into the finest wells on the leather is applied, in the range between 5 sec and 15 sec, measured in a Ford cup with a nozzle diameter of 6 mm. If the plastic dispersion is applied to it by means of a roller rotating in opposite directions to the direction of transport of the leather in order to assist penetration of the plastic dispersion into the depressions on the leather surface, the viscosity is between 10 and 40 sec measured in a Ford cup with a diameter of 6 mm.
Eine Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen einer Beschichtung, vorzugsweise einer Grundbeschichtung, auf die Narbenseite eines Leders, die eine bekannte Auftragseinrichtung zum Auftragen einer wässerigen, ein Treibmittel enthaltende Kompaktteilchen aufweisende Kunststoffdispersion auf die Narbenseite des Leders und eine das Verfestigen der Kunststoffdispersion bewirkende Wärmequelle aufweist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Infrarotstrahler mit gegen die verfestigte Kunststoffdispersion gerichteter Strahlfläche vorgesehen ist, die Infrarotstrahlen mit einer Wellenlänge zwischen 0,7 µm und 10 µm aussendet. Zweckmäßig ist ein Infrarotdunkelstrahler vorgesehen, dessen Strahlfläche Infrarotstrahlen mit einer Wellenlänge zwischen 2 µm und 10 µm aussendet. Die Verwendung eines derartigen Infrarotstrahlers bewirkt, dass durch gleichmäßige Wärmezufuhr in allen Bereichen der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion, und zwar auch in den tieferen Bereichen derselben, nämlich dort, wo die Kunststoffdispersion vor ihrer Verfestigung in Narbbeschädigungen eingedrungen ist, Mikrohohlkugeln gebildet werden und somit auch in diesen Bereichen eine Schaumstruktur entsteht, die keinem Schrumpfvorgang unterworfen ist. Dadurch, dass die Bildung der Mirkohohlkugeln in der bereits verfestigten, im wesentlichen wasserundurchlässigen Beschichtung erfolgt, verliert das Leder bei der Einwirkung der Infrarotstrahlen keine nennenswerte Menge seiner natürlichen Festigkeit und verhärtet und schrumpft nicht oder nicht nennenswert.A device for applying a coating, preferably a base coat, to the grain side of a leather comprising a known application device for Application of an aqueous, compact particle containing plastic dispersion containing a blowing agent on the grain side of the leather and a solidifying the plastic dispersion causing heat source, characterized in that an infrared radiator is provided with directed against the solidified plastic dispersion beam surface, the infrared rays having a wavelength between 0, 7 microns and 10 microns emitted. Appropriately, an infrared dimmer is provided, the beam surface emits infrared rays with a wavelength between 2 microns and 10 microns. The use of such an infrared radiator causes uniform hollow heat in all areas of the solidified plastic dispersion, even in the deeper areas of the same, namely where the plastic dispersion has penetrated before their solidification in Narbgeschädigungen, hollow microspheres are formed and thus in these areas a foam structure is formed which is not subject to shrinking. The fact that the formation of hollow microspheres takes place in the already solidified, substantially water-impermeable coating, the leather loses no significant amount of its natural strength under the action of infrared rays and does not harden or shrink significantly or not appreciably.
Ein optimales Ergebnis wird dann erzielt, wenn gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung die Strahlfläche des Infrarotstrahlers in einem Abstand von der Oberfläche der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion zwischen 45 mm und 220 mm vorgesehen ist.An optimum result is achieved if, according to a further feature of the invention, the jet surface of the infrared radiator is provided at a distance from the surface of the solidified plastic dispersion between 45 mm and 220 mm.
Ein kontinuierlicher Produktionsvorgang wird dadurch erzielt, dass der Infrarotstrahler oberhalb einer das Leder mit der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion abstützenden, umlaufenden Transporteinrichtung angeordnet ist, sodass die Bildung der Mikrohohlkugeln in der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion erfolgt, während das Leder durch die Transporteinrichtung unter der Strahlfläche des Infrarotstrahlers hindurchläuft. Die Transporteinrichtung besteht hierbei zweckmäßig aus mehreren beabstandeten, parallelen, umlaufenden Kunststofffäden, wie Polyamid- oder Polyesterfäden. Derartige Kunststofffäden werden von den Infrarotstrahlen nicht so stark erwärmt wie das Leder, welches Feuchtigkeit enthält, sodass sie die durch die Infrarotstrahlung bewirkte Temperatur als Dauerbelastung aushalten.A continuous production process is achieved in that the infrared radiator is arranged above a circulating transport device supporting the leather with the solidified plastic dispersion so that the formation of the hollow microspheres takes place in the solidified plastic dispersion while the leather passes through the transport device under the jet surface of the infrared radiator. The transport device expediently consists of a plurality of spaced, parallel, circumferential plastic threads, such as polyamide or polyester threads. Such plastic threads are not heated as much by the infrared rays as the leather, which contains moisture, so that they endure the temperature caused by the infrared radiation as a continuous load.
Vorzugsweise ist der Infrarotstrahler als Flächenstrahler ausgebildet, sodass das mittels der Transporteinrichtung sich unterhalb des Infrarotstrahlers fortbewegende Leder flächig mit der Infrarotstrahlung beaufschlagt wird.Preferably, the infrared radiator is designed as a surface radiator, so that the moving means of the transport device below the infrared radiator leather is extensively exposed to the infrared radiation.
Es hat sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, wenn der Infrarotstrahler, in Transportrichtung des Leders gesehen, nach einem vom Leder durchlaufenen Trockentunnel vorgesehen ist, sodass die auf das Leder aufgebrachte Kunststoffdispersion nach dem Durchlaufen des Trockentunnels nicht nur wasserfrei und daher verfestigt ist, sondern das Leder und die verfestigte Kunststoffdispersion bei einem Einwirken der Infrarotstrahlung bereits eine Temperatur zwischen 65°C und 80°C aufweisen. In diesem Fall kann die Erwärmung mittels Infrarotstrahlung auf einer Temperatur von 105°C in weniger als 12 sec erfolgen.It has proved to be useful if the infrared radiator, seen in the direction of transport of the leather, is provided for a traversed by the leather drying tunnel, so that the applied to the leather plastic dispersion after passing through the drying tunnel is not only anhydrous and therefore solidified, but the leather and the solidified plastic dispersion in the presence of infrared radiation already a temperature between 65 ° C and 80 ° C. exhibit. In this case, the heating by means of infrared radiation at a temperature of 105 ° C in less than 12 sec.
Vorzugsweise ist in Transportrichtung des Leders gesehen auch hinter dem Infrarotstrahler ein Trockentunnel vorgesehen, in dem ein Nachtrocknen des mit der Schaumbeschichtung versehenen Leders erfolgt.As seen in the direction of transport of the leather, a drying tunnel is also provided behind the infrared radiator, in which drying of the leather provided with the foam coating takes place.
Das mit der oben beschriebenen Vorrichtung hergestellte Leder ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mit Infrarotstrahlung behandelte Beschichtung an ihrer Oberfläche ein homogenes, nubukartiges, vertiefungsfreies Aussehen, etwa wie feingeschliffenes Narbenleder, aufweist, sogar über eine leichte, für Nubuk typische Schreibwirkung verfügt, und mikroskopisch betrachtet feinste Poren mit einem Innendurchmesser von weniger als 35 µm besitzt. Die geschlossenen Poren liegen dicht an dicht und bestehen aus gut ausgebildeten Mikrohohlkugeln, deren Hüllen unter dem Mikroskop bei 25-facher Vergrößerung betrachtet, die Farbe der Beschichtung in farbig transparenter Form aufweisen . Ist die Beschichtung beispielsweise blau, so sind die Hüllen der Mikrohohlkugeln transparent blau.The leather produced with the device described above is characterized in that the infrared radiation-treated coating has on its surface a homogeneous, nubuck-like, recess-free appearance, such as finely grained grain leather, even having a slight nubuck typical writing action, and microscopically has finest pores with an inner diameter of less than 35 microns. The closed pores are close to each other and consist of well-formed hollow microspheres, whose shells are viewed under the microscope at 25x magnification, the color of the coating in color transparent form. If, for example, the coating is blue, then the shells of the hollow microspheres are transparent blue.
Vorzugsweise enthält die Beschichtung eines solchen Leders Pigmente und/oder eine Silikonemulsion, vorzugsweise eine Silikondispersion mit einem Feststoffanteil von mehr als 2 Gew.%, bezogen auf die verfestigte Kunststoffdispersion sowie einen Vernetzer. In diesem Fall kann eine zusätzliche Finishschicht entfallen.Preferably, the coating of such a leather pigments and / or a silicone emulsion, preferably a silicone dispersion having a solids content of more than 2 wt.%, Based on the solidified plastic dispersion and a crosslinking agent. In this case, an additional finish layer can be omitted.
Ein derartiges Leder ist trotz seiner Weichheit nicht oder fast nicht losnarbig. Wird auf eine mit der oben beschriebenen Vorrichtung hergestellte Grundbeschichtung eine Finishschicht aufgebracht, so weist dieses Leder ein optimales Aussehen auf, weil sich beim Stauchen viele kleine Fältchen bilden, die das Aussehen von hochwertigem vollnarbigen Anilinleder haben. Durch das nubukartige Aussehen der Oberfläche der Grundbeschichtung kann sich eine nachträglich aufgebrachte Finishschicht auch mechanisch verankern.Such a leather, despite its softness is not or almost not losnarbig. When a finish coat is applied to a base coat made with the above-described apparatus, this leather has an optimum appearance because when compressed, many small wrinkles appear which have the appearance of high-grade full-grain aniline leather. Due to the nubuck-like appearance of the surface of the base coat, a subsequently applied finish coat can also be mechanically anchored.
Die Beschichtung des Leders kann nach Bildung der Mikrohohlkugeln an der Oberfläche mit sehr feinem Schleifpapier so behandelt werden, dass nur die eine Schaumstruktur aufweisende Beschichtung, nicht aber die natürliche Narbenschicht entfernt wird.The coating of the leather can be treated after formation of the hollow microspheres on the surface with very fine sandpaper so that only the foam structure having a coating, but not the natural grain layer is removed.
Da in der Beschichtung überwiegend von den Mikrohohlkugeln gebildete geschlossene Zellen vorhanden sind, eignet sich ein solches Leder vor allem für die Herstellung von Autobauteilen, bei welchen das Leder in Formen gezogen und gegebenenfalls hinterschäumt wird.Since in the coating predominantly closed cells formed by the hollow microspheres are present, such a leather is particularly suitable for the production of automotive components, in which the leather is drawn into molds and optionally backfoamed.
Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung näher erläutert.
Auf einer sich in Transportrichtung 1 umlaufenden Transporteinrichtung 2 ist ein Leder 3 abgestützt, auf das in nicht näher dargestellter, an sich bekannter Weise, beispielsweise durch Aufsprühen oder mittels Walzenauftrag, vorzugsweise durch eine gegenläufig zur Transportrichtung 1 rotierende Auftragswalze, eine wässerige, Kompaktteilchen enthaltende Kunststoffdispersion 4 aufgebracht wurde, die durch Wärmezufuhr, beispielsweise mittels Warmluft, verfestigt wurde. Die Transporteinrichtung 2 besteht hierbei zweckmäßig aus mehreren beabstandeten, parallelen Polyamid- oder Polyesterfäden, zwischen welchen Zwischenräume freigehalten sind. Diese Fäden sind in der Zeichnung vergrößert dargestellt. In der Praxis ist ihr Durchmesser kleiner als 4 mm.On a circulating in the transport direction 1 transport device 2, a
Oberhalb der auf dem Leder 3 vorgesehenen verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion 4 ist ein Infrarotstrahler 5 vorgesehen, von dessen flächiger Strahlungsfläche 6 Infrarotstrahlung mit einer Wellenlänge zwischen 0,7 µm und 100 µm in Richtung zur verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion 4 austritt. Durch diese Strahlung werden beim Vorbeilaufen des mit der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion 4 versehenen Leders 3 aus den Kompaktteilchen innerhalb kürzester Zeit Mikrohohlkugeln 7 gebildet, sodass auf dem Leder eine Schaumbeschichtung entsteht, die an ihrer Oberfläche nubukartig ist und keine Haut aufweist, ohne dass dadurch die Eigenschaften des Leders beeinträchtigt werden. Die Mikrohohlkugeln 7 sind der besseren Sichtbarkeit wegen vergrößert dargestellt. Der Abstand a zwischen der Strahlungsfläche 6 und der Oberseite der verfestigten Kunststoffdispersion 4 beträgt zwischen 45 mm und 220 mm und wird so gewählt, dass die Bildung der Mikrohohlkugeln 7 innerhalb einer Zeitspanne von weniger als 30 sec gewährleistet ist.Above the solidified
Bei der Ausführungsform nach
Claims (5)
- Process for applying a coating, preferably a bottom coating, to the grain side of a leather, in particular of a cattle leather, an aqueous plastic dispersion (4) comprising compact particles containing a blowing agent being applied to this grain side and being allowed to solidify, and hollow microspheres (7) being formed from the compact particles by supplying heat, characterized in that the solidified plastic dispersion (4) containing the compact particles is exposed to infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0,7 µm and 100 µm.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the solidified plastic dispersion (4) containing the compact particles is exposed to dark infrared radiation having a wavelength between 2 µm and 10 µm.
- Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solidified plastic dispersion (4) containing the compact particles is exposed to infrared radiation for a duration of less than 30 sec, preferably of less than 20 sec.
- Process according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the solidified plastic dispersion (4) containing the compact particles is heated to a temperature between 90°C and 115°C by means of infrared radiation.
- Process according to any of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a solidified plastic dispersion (4) which no longer contains any significant amount of water is exposed to infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.7 µm and 100 µm, in particular the dispersion coating with the compact particles having solidified.
Priority Applications (1)
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PL07723626T PL2004864T3 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2007-03-27 | Unpressurised expansion by means of ir |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT0026706U AT8680U1 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2006-04-05 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR APPLYING A COATING ON THE SIDE OF A LEATHER |
PCT/EP2007/002680 WO2007115680A1 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2007-03-27 | Unpressurised expansion by means of ir |
Publications (2)
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EP2004864A1 EP2004864A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
EP2004864B1 true EP2004864B1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
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EP07723626A Active EP2004864B1 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2007-03-27 | Unpressurised expansion by means of ir |
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EP (1) | EP2004864B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101437697B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN102787184A (en) |
AR (1) | AR060298A1 (en) |
AT (2) | AT8680U1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE202006016363U1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2008012667A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20084417L (en) |
PL (1) | PL2004864T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007115680A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200808048B (en) |
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US20150276311A1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2015-10-01 | Karl Rohr | Finish curing method and system for leather-based substrates |
DE102013225132A1 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | Evonik Industries Ag | Prefoaming of poly (meth) acrylimide particles for subsequent mold foaming in closed tools |
CN108014958A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-11 | 重庆捷科隆金属科技有限公司 | A kind of antiseptic treatment equipment of metalwork |
IT202200011222A1 (en) | 2022-05-27 | 2023-11-27 | Lamberti Spa | FINISHING OF CRUST LEATHERS |
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JPH06192459A (en) * | 1992-12-25 | 1994-07-12 | Three Bond Co Ltd | Near-infrared-curing expandable resin composition |
US6231932B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2001-05-15 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Processes for drying topcoats and multicomponent composite coatings on metal and polymeric substrates |
AT5281U1 (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2002-05-27 | Schaefer Philipp | LEATHER, ESPECIALLY SCARF LEATHER, OR SPLIT LEATHER PROVIDED WITH A DEVICE THAT HAS A LAYER ON THE REAR SIDE OF ITS SIDE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A LEATHER |
AT4947U3 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2002-06-25 | Schaefer Philipp | FULL-SCARFED BEEF NAPPA LEATHER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
EP1279746A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-01-29 | AKZO Nobel N.V. | Process for preparation of leather |
AT6040U1 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2003-03-25 | Schaefer Philipp | LEATHER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
AT7186U1 (en) | 2003-10-20 | 2004-11-25 | Basf Ag | METHOD FOR ELIMINATING DEFECTS IN THE SCAR LAYER OF A FULL-SCARED LEATHER, AND LEATHER WHICH DEFECTS IN THE SCAR LAYER ARE ELIMINATED |
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2006
- 2006-04-05 AT AT0026706U patent/AT8680U1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-10-25 DE DE202006016363U patent/DE202006016363U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2007
- 2007-03-27 CN CN2012102407206A patent/CN102787184A/en active Pending
- 2007-03-27 AT AT07723626T patent/ATE488607T1/en active
- 2007-03-27 MX MX2008012667A patent/MX2008012667A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-03-27 EP EP07723626A patent/EP2004864B1/en active Active
- 2007-03-27 DE DE502007005675T patent/DE502007005675D1/en active Active
- 2007-03-27 KR KR1020087024217A patent/KR101437697B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-03-27 WO PCT/EP2007/002680 patent/WO2007115680A1/en active Application Filing
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CN102787184A (en) | 2012-11-21 |
CN101415845B (en) | 2012-12-05 |
ATE488607T1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
ZA200808048B (en) | 2009-12-30 |
PL2004864T3 (en) | 2011-04-29 |
DE502007005675D1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
EP2004864A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
NO20084417L (en) | 2008-10-28 |
KR20080111031A (en) | 2008-12-22 |
AT8680U1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
DE202006016363U1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
CN101415845A (en) | 2009-04-22 |
AR060298A1 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
MX2008012667A (en) | 2009-02-03 |
KR101437697B1 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
WO2007115680A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
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