EP2004295A2 - Composition for fire fighting and formulations of said composition - Google Patents

Composition for fire fighting and formulations of said composition

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Publication number
EP2004295A2
EP2004295A2 EP07788949A EP07788949A EP2004295A2 EP 2004295 A2 EP2004295 A2 EP 2004295A2 EP 07788949 A EP07788949 A EP 07788949A EP 07788949 A EP07788949 A EP 07788949A EP 2004295 A2 EP2004295 A2 EP 2004295A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compound
composition
fighting fire
water
grams
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP07788949A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2004295B1 (en
Inventor
Marc Lanciaux
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BIO CREATION
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BIO CREATION
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Priority to PL07788949T priority Critical patent/PL2004295T3/en
Publication of EP2004295A2 publication Critical patent/EP2004295A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2004295B1 publication Critical patent/EP2004295B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/005—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire-fighting composition and formulations of this composition.
  • the first is that of spraying by the mechanical means used: high-speed lance, plane, helicopter etc.
  • the second is evaporation from supports that have been wet but not yet attacked by fire.
  • the heat emanating from the hearth generally not far away, the sun, the wind provoke a strong evaporation which limits the spread of the fire.
  • the third is the evaporation during the projection on the hearth. This is the stage where the projection is directly effective by absorbing a lot energy during the change of liquid / vapor phase but with a very high emission of hot vapors or even toxic fumes.
  • water additives including so-called retardant additives and dyes to determine areas already treated.
  • Such additives are intended to improve the wettability by modifying the surface tension, to limit the evaporation, to increase the viscosity.
  • additives may be accompanied by oxygen scavengers, foaming agents. These additives do little to alter the losses by runoff and it has been found that the evaporation, delayed initially, can develop abruptly with sudden steam releases.
  • the foaming agents must also be used in small amounts so that the protective layer is not strong in the long term because the gas contained in the bubbles, expanding with heat, destructure the foam. As for the amount of water resulting after destructuring, it is necessarily very limited in the case of a foam.
  • Gelling agents are not very compatible with saline water such as seawater, which is also a disadvantage.
  • the mode of application is also important because the water additive as used does not allow the use of the projection under medium pressure, that is to say in the range 30 to 200 bar, the yields being considered as insufficient. In fact, fine spraying increases evaporation in the aerial phase. Or 1 the medium pressure conduit to improve the accuracy of application, limits the amount of water used and increases the current and power coating, always provided that they can be away from home, which is currently difficult for the reasons given above before.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks and in particular avoids any impact on the natural environment, increases the extinguishing capacity even after evaporation and contains the ability to flame back the home, ballast the incandescent particles in post combustion, gives a visual contrast on the treated areas without adding dyes, allows a vertical grip, promotes the application capacity.
  • composition according to the present invention can also be formulated in different ways depending on the applications either for spraying, in particular at medium pressure or for the production of barriers.
  • the composition according to the invention comprises at least:
  • a third compound comprising at least one agent promoting the Maillard reaction of the at least first and / or second compounds, and - water.
  • the first compound in the form of a powder, is more particularly chosen from: guar flour, carob flour, modified starches, alginates.
  • This first compound must be free of oils and / or essences.
  • This first thickening compound is intended to maintain, in the composition, the insoluble particles in suspension to obtain a homogeneity of the medium.
  • the amount of the first compound is adapted according to the size of the particles to be kept in suspension, thus able to avoid settling.
  • the second compound in the form of a powder, is more particularly chosen from native starches and more particularly from native starches rich in phosphates and more particularly among potato starches.
  • the native starch consists of at least two polymers: amylose and amylopectin, and the structure is in the form of grains with grain sizes of a few microns to a few tens of microns. The organization of the network in crystalline form renders the native starch insoluble.
  • the interest is to retain native starch which has large grains, which is the case of native starch potatoes, potato starch.
  • the dimensions in the high range help to limit the evaporation during the different stages by decreasing the surface area for the same quantity and also increases the projection distance by increasing the kinetic energy.
  • Native starch has especially the ability to be soluble in a fluid temperature from 65 ° C, hot water or steam for example. In addition, this starch simultaneously becomes thickening and swelling under these conditions.
  • the third compound comprises at least one agent promoting the Maillard reaction of the at least first and second compounds: this third compound is sodium chloride.
  • Sodium chloride promotes the transformation of sugars and carbonization.
  • Sodium chloride is added or at least partly naturally present if the water used is seawater.
  • the rapid carbonization at least at the surface, even if the composition contains water, has many consequences, in particular :
  • the carbonized layer limits the rate of evaporation of the water
  • sodium chloride has natural fireproofing qualities that are also used.
  • This third compound also contributes, by a synergistic effect, to increase the water retention capacity of the at least first and second compounds.
  • the composition according to the invention may be improved by the addition of certain other compounds.
  • the composition is supplemented with a fourth compound, which is soluble in water and film-forming.
  • This fourth compound is a natural film-forming agent.
  • This fourth compound consists of a protein powder, for example egg white powder or alginates with a thermo-gelation range of about 65 ° C.
  • This fourth compound thus provides some encapsulation and binds the grains of the second compound during swelling under the effect of heat, leading to the production of a foam generated by the steam at the beginning of the thermal exposure.
  • the composition includes a fifth compound which is a ballast compound, which is insoluble and dissolvable.
  • This fifth compound is chosen from mineral powders and more particularly clay powders, especially white clay powders.
  • This fifth compound is optional and is of interest only in the case of fire-generating fireplaces, for example forest fires.
  • the clay powders are the least mechanically aggressive. If these powders are white clay powders, the zones treated with the composition according to the invention are visually identifiable. The ballast avoids the propagation by the sparks from the combustion of parts of the support.
  • a composition is thus obtained, the respective amounts of a particular embodiment of which can be specified, amounts given for 1 liter for medium-pressure spraying, 30 to 120 bar. It is noted that this spraying is possible since there is no foaming agent, also avoiding any cavitation or defusing pumps.
  • composition can be used both in direct attack of the home, in prevention or by delaying.
  • the first compound retained is guar flour at a rate of 3 to 14 grams.
  • the second compound selected is potato starch at a rate of 20 to 30 grams.
  • the third compound retained is sodium chloride in a proportion of 10 to 14 grams.
  • the fourth compound retained is egg white powder at 0.2 to 2 grams.
  • the fifth compound retained is clay powder at 5 to 40 grams.
  • composition according to the invention carbonizes and swells to a thickness of several millimeters, eight to nine millimeters to further specify the thicknesses achieved. This composition is scraped after removing the exposure of the support to the flame to reveal the wood support intact, free of any trace of carbonization.
  • composition can be used to attack a fire directly on the fire to ensure its extinction but also prevention or delay.
  • This composition can be formulated in liquid form as indicated and be applied by spraying using known means of firefighting.
  • composition can also be formulated in solid form, more particularly in gel form.
  • composition according to the invention makes it possible to produce gel ribbons, gel balls or even gel blocks.
  • an armature may be added to provide better mechanical performance, in particular for making web rolls and for easy handling.
  • One side may also be coated with a reflector, better still light in color, on the one hand to limit evaporation and on the other hand to reflect the heat.
  • Such tape can be unwound and placed as a retarder to limit the spread of a fire. As soon as the fire approaches and the temperature rises, the composition reacts as in the case of the liquid composition and forms a total barrier to propagation.
  • the gel balls can be projected at long distances mechanically, with great precision, by any suitable means.
  • Another formulation may be a granulation of this gel and a distribution by means such as road salting machines thus ensuring the formation of cords. It is noted that this formulation is of great interest for fire-fighters who, with such products, avoid the spread of fire.
  • thermo-liquefaction properties such as gelatin of animal origin.
  • gelatin with a bloom degree of 200 to 200 is used.
  • composition according to the present invention whatever its formulation, leads to extremely high performances.
  • the composition according to the invention comprises from 44 to 150 grams of dry matter per liter of composition.
  • aqueous composition according to the present invention For 1150 kg of aqueous composition according to the present invention, it would be 20 m3 of water or 20 000 kg of water.
  • the load to be transported is therefore extremely reduced, as is the volume.

Abstract

The purpose of the invention is a composition for fire fighting, characterised in that it includes at least a first compound in the form of a vegetable derived powder, soluble in cold water and thickening; a second compound in the form of a vegetable derived powder, insoluble in cold water but thickening and retaining water in hot water or in the presence of steam; a third compound including at least one agent encouraging the Maillard reaction of at least the first and/or the second compounds, and water. The invention also relates to formulations of said composition.

Description

COMPOSITION POUR LUTTER CONTRE LE FEU ET FORMULATIONS DE COMPOSITION FOR FIRE FIGHTING AND FORMULATIONS FOR
LADITE COMPOSITIONTHIS COMPOSITION
La présente invention concerne une composition pour lutter contre le feu et des formulations de cette composition.The present invention relates to a fire-fighting composition and formulations of this composition.
On sait que les incendies ont du mal à être combattus avec de l'eau et le résultat n' est pas satisfaisant pour de nombreuses raisons. L'eau seule utilisée en grande quantité donne des résultats au contact direct du feu mais son efficacité est d'une rendement médiocre.Fire is known to be difficult to fight with water and the result is unsatisfactory for many reasons. Water alone used in large quantities gives results in direct contact with fire but its effectiveness is poor performance.
En effet, on constate d'énormes pertes, de l'ordre de 75 à 80% , par ruissellement du fait de la fluidité de l'eau et du fait de la très forte évaporation. Le ruissellement, lié à un faible coefficient de mouillabilité conduit l'eau au sol et celle-ci s'infiltre rapidement surtout en cas de feux de forêt dont les sols sont peu étanches. Quant à l' évaporation, elle provoque des pertes à trois stades :Indeed, there are enormous losses, of the order of 75 to 80%, by runoff due to the fluidity of the water and because of the very strong evaporation. Runoff, linked to a low coefficient of wettability, leads the water to the ground and it infiltrates rapidly, especially in the case of forest fires whose soils are not very watertight. As for evaporation, it causes losses at three stages:
- le premier est celui de la pulvérisation par le moyen mécanique utilisé : lance gros débit, avion, hélicoptère etc..- the first is that of spraying by the mechanical means used: high-speed lance, plane, helicopter etc.
- le deuxième est l'évaporation à partir des supports qui ont été mouillés mais non encore attaqués par le feu. Dans ce cas, la chaleur émanant du foyer généralement peu éloigné, le soleil, le vent provoquent une forte évaporation limitant faiblement la propagation du feu. - Le troisième est l'évaporation lors de la projection sur le foyer. C'est le stade où la projection est directement efficace en absorbant beaucoup d'énergie lors du changement de phase liquide/vapeur mais avec une très forte émission de vapeurs brûlantes voire de fumées toxiques.- the second is evaporation from supports that have been wet but not yet attacked by fire. In this case, the heat emanating from the hearth generally not far away, the sun, the wind provoke a strong evaporation which limits the spread of the fire. - The third is the evaporation during the projection on the hearth. This is the stage where the projection is directly effective by absorbing a lot energy during the change of liquid / vapor phase but with a very high emission of hot vapors or even toxic fumes.
Pour pallier ces inconvénients, il est régulièrement adjoint à l'eau des additifs notamment des additifs dits retardants et des colorants afin de déterminer les zones déjà traitées.To overcome these drawbacks, it is regularly added water additives including so-called retardant additives and dyes to determine areas already treated.
Néanmoins, l'utilisation de ces additifs n'est pas satisfaisante pour plusieurs raisons indiquées ci-après.Nevertheless, the use of these additives is not satisfactory for several reasons indicated below.
Une de ces raisons est le recours à des produis chimiques présentant une certaine toxicité et pour le moins un caractère polluant surtout en milieu naturel. On peut citer les polyphosphates d'ammonium, le ferrocyanure de sodium ou des huiles ester.One of these reasons is the use of chemical products with a certain toxicity and at least a polluting character especially in natural environment. There may be mentioned ammonium polyphosphates, sodium ferrocyanide or ester oils.
De tels additifs visent à améliorer la mouillabilité en modifiant la tension superficielle, à limiter l'évaporation, à augmenter la viscosité.Such additives are intended to improve the wettability by modifying the surface tension, to limit the evaporation, to increase the viscosity.
Ces additifs peuvent être accompagnés d'absorbeurs d'oxygène, d'agents moussants. Ces additifs ne modifient que peu les pertes par ruissellement et on a constaté que l'évaporation, retardée dans un premier temps, peut se développer brutalement avec des dégagements soudains de vapeur.These additives may be accompanied by oxygen scavengers, foaming agents. These additives do little to alter the losses by runoff and it has been found that the evaporation, delayed initially, can develop abruptly with sudden steam releases.
Les agents moussants doivent aussi être utilisés en faible quantité si bien que la couche protectrice est peu résistante dans la durée car le gaz contenu dans les bulles, en se dilatant à la chaleur, déstructure la mousse. Quant à la quantité d'eau résultante après déstructuration, elle est nécessairement très limitée dans le cas d'une mousse.The foaming agents must also be used in small amounts so that the protective layer is not strong in the long term because the gas contained in the bubbles, expanding with heat, destructure the foam. As for the amount of water resulting after destructuring, it is necessarily very limited in the case of a foam.
Un autre inconvénient rencontré avec les solutions moussantes est la difficulté de projection surtout en cas de vent, la faible distance de projection et le peu de maîtrise de l'orientation. Ainsi, en cas d'incendies de forêts, les cimes des arbres ne sont pas atteintes et ceci laisse la possibilité de sautes de feu aériennes. Des gélifiants à très faible teneur en matière sèche, 0,01 % en poids, ont aussi été adjoints pour augmenter la viscosité, ce qui a un effet sur le ruissellement mais ils ne modifient pas la vitesse d'évaporation. De plus, les gélifiants actuellement utilisés se fluidifient au contact du feu et le taux de matière sèche est trop faible pour avoir un effet.Another disadvantage encountered with foaming solutions is the difficulty of projection especially in case of wind, the short projection distance and the lack of control of orientation. Thus, in case of forest fires, treetops are not reached and this leaves the possibility of aerial fire. Very low solids gelling agents, 0.01% by weight, have also been added to increase the viscosity, which has an effect on the runoff but they do not change the rate of evaporation. In addition, the currently used gelling agents are fluidized in contact with fire and the dry matter content is too low to have an effect.
Les gélifiants sont peu compatibles avec l'eau saline telle que l'eau de mer ce qui est aussi un inconvénient.Gelling agents are not very compatible with saline water such as seawater, which is also a disadvantage.
Enfin, l'efficacité reste très limitée puisque des tests montrent une reprise en flamme d'un support au cœur d'un brasier dans les 2 minutes et 30 secondes. On a constaté aussi durant les incendies que les particules carbonées incandescentes dites flammèches, emportées par les vents et courants d'air, propagent aussi les incendies : il faudrait pouvoir lester ces particules avec la matière sèche subsistante, ce qui n'est pas le cas avec les additifs actuellement utilisés. Cette faible capacité à retarder le feu et la faible plage de temps de l'efficacité de ces additifs obligent à des interventions proches du foyer avec tous les risques et dangers que cela engendre.Finally, the effectiveness remains very limited since tests show a flame recovery of a support in the heart of a fire in 2 minutes and 30 seconds. It has also been observed during fires that the incandescent carbon particles known as sparks, carried away by winds and drafts, also propagate fires: it would be possible to ballast these particles with the remaining dry matter, which is not the case. with the additives currently used. This low fire retardancy and the short time span of the effectiveness of these additives require interventions close to home with all the risks and dangers that this entails.
Le mode d'application est également important car l'eau additivée telle qu'utilisée ne permet pas le recours à de la projection sous moyenne pression, c'est-à-dire dans la plage 30 à 200 bars, les rendements étant considérés comme insuffisants. En effet, la fine pulvérisation augmente l'évaporation en phase aérienne. Or1 la moyenne pression conduit à améliorer la précision d'application, limite la quantité d'eau utilisée et augmente le pouvoir courant et enrobant, toujours à condition de pouvoir être éloigné du foyer, ce qui est actuellement difficile pour les raisons indiquées ci- avant.The mode of application is also important because the water additive as used does not allow the use of the projection under medium pressure, that is to say in the range 30 to 200 bar, the yields being considered as insufficient. In fact, fine spraying increases evaporation in the aerial phase. Or 1 the medium pressure conduit to improve the accuracy of application, limits the amount of water used and increases the current and power coating, always provided that they can be away from home, which is currently difficult for the reasons given above before.
La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients et notamment évite tout impact sur le milieu naturel, augmente la capacité d'extinction même après évaporation et contient la capacité de reprise en flamme du foyer, leste les particules incandescentes en post combustion, confère un contraste visuel sur les zones traitées sans adjonction de colorants , permet une accroche verticale, favorise la capacité d'application.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks and in particular avoids any impact on the natural environment, increases the extinguishing capacity even after evaporation and contains the ability to flame back the home, ballast the incandescent particles in post combustion, gives a visual contrast on the treated areas without adding dyes, allows a vertical grip, promotes the application capacity.
La composition selon la présente invention peut aussi être formulée de différentes façons en fonction des applications soit pour pulvérisation notamment en moyenne pression soit pour la réalisation de barrières. La composition selon l'invention comprend au moins :The composition according to the present invention can also be formulated in different ways depending on the applications either for spraying, in particular at medium pressure or for the production of barriers. The composition according to the invention comprises at least:
- un premier composé sous forme de poudre, d'origine végétale, hydro soluble dans l'eau froide et épaississant, - un deuxième composé sous forme de poudre, d'origine végétale, insoluble dans l'eau froide mais épaississant et rétenteur d'eau dans l'eau chaude ou en présence de vapeur d'eau,- a first compound in powder form, of plant origin, hydro soluble in cold water and thickening, - a second compound in powder form, of vegetable origin, insoluble in cold water but thickening and retaining of water in hot water or in the presence of water vapor,
- un troisième composé comprenant au moins un agent favorisant la réaction de Maillard des au moins premier et/ou deuxième composés, et - de l'eau.- A third compound comprising at least one agent promoting the Maillard reaction of the at least first and / or second compounds, and - water.
Le premier composé, sous forme de poudre, est plus particulièrement choisi parmi : farine de guar, farine de caroube, amidons modifiés, alginates.The first compound, in the form of a powder, is more particularly chosen from: guar flour, carob flour, modified starches, alginates.
Ce premier composé doit être exempt d'huiles et/ou d'essences.This first compound must be free of oils and / or essences.
Ce premier composé épaississant a pour but de maintenir, dans la composition, les particules insolubles en suspension pour obtenir un homogénéité du milieu. La quantité de premier composé est adaptée en fonction des dimensions des particules à maintenir en suspension donc apte à éviter la décantation.This first thickening compound is intended to maintain, in the composition, the insoluble particles in suspension to obtain a homogeneity of the medium. The amount of the first compound is adapted according to the size of the particles to be kept in suspension, thus able to avoid settling.
On note qu'un tel premier composé est non moussant et soluble y compris dans l'eau salée. Le deuxième composé, sous forme de poudre, est plus particulièrement choisi parmi les amidons natifs et plus particulièrement parmi les amidons natifs riches en phosphates et plus particulièrement encore parmi les amidons de pommes de terre. L'amidon natif est constitué d'au moins deux polymères : l'amylose et l'amylopectine , et la structure est sous forme de grains avec des dimensions de grains de quelques microns à quelques dizaines de microns. L'organisation du réseau sous forme cristalline rend l'amidon natif insoluble. L'intérêt est de retenir de l'amidon natif qui présente des grains de dimensions importantes, ce qui est le cas de l'amidon natif de pommes de terre, fécule de pommes de terre. Les dimensions dans la plage haute contribuent à limiter l'évaporation durant les différents stades par diminution de la surface pour une même quantité et augmente aussi la distance de projection par augmentation de l'énergie cinétique.It is noted that such a first compound is non-foaming and soluble including in salt water. The second compound, in the form of a powder, is more particularly chosen from native starches and more particularly from native starches rich in phosphates and more particularly among potato starches. The native starch consists of at least two polymers: amylose and amylopectin, and the structure is in the form of grains with grain sizes of a few microns to a few tens of microns. The organization of the network in crystalline form renders the native starch insoluble. The interest is to retain native starch which has large grains, which is the case of native starch potatoes, potato starch. The dimensions in the high range help to limit the evaporation during the different stages by decreasing the surface area for the same quantity and also increases the projection distance by increasing the kinetic energy.
L'amidon natif présente surtout la capacité d'être soluble dans un fluide en température dès 65°C, eau chaude ou vapeur d'eau par exemple. De plus, cet amidon devient simultanément épaississant et gonflant dans ces conditions. Le troisième composé comprend au moins un agent favorisant la réaction de Maillard des au moins premier et deuxième composés : ce troisième composé est du chlorure de sodium.Native starch has especially the ability to be soluble in a fluid temperature from 65 ° C, hot water or steam for example. In addition, this starch simultaneously becomes thickening and swelling under these conditions. The third compound comprises at least one agent promoting the Maillard reaction of the at least first and second compounds: this third compound is sodium chloride.
Le chlorure de sodium favorise la transformation des sucres et la carbonisation. Le chlorure de sodium est ajouté ou au moins en partie naturellement présent si l'eau utilisée est de l'eau de mer. La carbonisation rapide au moins en surface, même si la composition contient de l'eau, a de nombreuses conséquences, notamment :Sodium chloride promotes the transformation of sugars and carbonization. Sodium chloride is added or at least partly naturally present if the water used is seawater. The rapid carbonization at least at the surface, even if the composition contains water, has many consequences, in particular :
- la coloration noire très absorbante limite le rayonnement thermique,the highly absorbing black coloration limits the thermal radiation,
- limitation de la propagation de l'onde thermique,- limiting the propagation of the thermal wave,
- l'absorption d'énergie favorise le gonflement hydro thermique du deuxième composé,the absorption of energy favors the hydro-thermal swelling of the second compound,
- la couche carbonisée limite la vitesse d'évaporation de l'eau, etthe carbonized layer limits the rate of evaporation of the water, and
- le support est fortement privé d'oxygène de combustion. De plus, le chlorure de sodium présente des qualités ignifugeantes naturelles qui sont également mises à profit.the support is strongly deprived of combustion oxygen. In addition, sodium chloride has natural fireproofing qualities that are also used.
Ce troisième composé contribue aussi, par un effet de synergie, à augmenter la capacité de rétention d'eau des au moins premier et deuxième composés. La composition selon l'invention peut être améliorée par adjonction de certains autres composés.This third compound also contributes, by a synergistic effect, to increase the water retention capacity of the at least first and second compounds. The composition according to the invention may be improved by the addition of certain other compounds.
Selon une première variante, on adjoint à la composition une quatrième composé, soluble dans l'eau et filmogène. Ce quatrième composé est un agent filmogène naturel. Ce quatrième composé est constitué d'une poudre de protéines par exemple de la poudre de blanc d'oeufs ou des alginates avec une plage de thermo gélification de l'ordre de 65°C.According to a first variant, the composition is supplemented with a fourth compound, which is soluble in water and film-forming. This fourth compound is a natural film-forming agent. This fourth compound consists of a protein powder, for example egg white powder or alginates with a thermo-gelation range of about 65 ° C.
Ce quatrième composé assure ainsi une certaine encapsulation et lie les grains du second composé lors du gonflement sous l'effet de la chaleur, conduisant à la production d'une mousse générée par la vapeur au début de l'exposition thermique.This fourth compound thus provides some encapsulation and binds the grains of the second compound during swelling under the effect of heat, leading to the production of a foam generated by the steam at the beginning of the thermal exposure.
Ce quatrième composé peut aussi subir une carbonisation à partir de la réaction de Maillard, améliorant encore les effets précédemment décrits. Selon une deuxième variante, la composition inclut un cinquième composé qui est un composé de lestage, non soluble, délayable.This fourth compound can also be carbonized from the Maillard reaction, further improving the previously described effects. According to a second variant, the composition includes a fifth compound which is a ballast compound, which is insoluble and dissolvable.
Ce cinquième composé est choisi parmi les poudres minérales et plus particulièrement les poudres d'argiles, notamment les poudres d'argiles blanches. Ce cinquième composé est optionnel et ne présente un intérêt que dans le cas de foyer générant des flammèches, par exemple les feux de forêt. Avantageusement, les poudres d'argiles sont les moins agressives mécaniquement. Si ces poudres sont des poudres d'argile blanches, les zones traitées avec la composition selon l'invention sont visuellement repérables. Le lestage évite la propagation par les flammèches issues de la combustion de parties du support.This fifth compound is chosen from mineral powders and more particularly clay powders, especially white clay powders. This fifth compound is optional and is of interest only in the case of fire-generating fireplaces, for example forest fires. Advantageously, the clay powders are the least mechanically aggressive. If these powders are white clay powders, the zones treated with the composition according to the invention are visually identifiable. The ballast avoids the propagation by the sparks from the combustion of parts of the support.
On obtient ainsi une composition dont on peut préciser les quantités respectives d'un mode de réalisation particulier, quantités données pour 1 litre pour pulvérisation à moyenne pression, 30 à 120 bars. On note que cette pulvérisation est possible puisqu'il n'y a aucun agent moussant, évitant aussi toute cavitation ou désamorçage des pompes.A composition is thus obtained, the respective amounts of a particular embodiment of which can be specified, amounts given for 1 liter for medium-pressure spraying, 30 to 120 bar. It is noted that this spraying is possible since there is no foaming agent, also avoiding any cavitation or defusing pumps.
Ces valeurs sont à adapter en fonction du type d'incendie et des valeurs à protéger. Il en va différemment suivant qu'il s'agit d'un feu de paille, de forêts, en présence ou en absence d'habitations.These values must be adapted according to the type of fire and the values to be protected. It is different depending on whether it is a fire of straw, forests, in the presence or absence of homes.
La composition peut être utilisée aussi bien en attaque directe du foyer, qu'en prévention ou encore en retardant.The composition can be used both in direct attack of the home, in prevention or by delaying.
Ainsi, le premier composé retenu est de la farine de guar à raison de 3 à 14 grammes. Le deuxième composé retenu est de la fécule de pommes de terre à raison de 20 à 30 grammes.Thus, the first compound retained is guar flour at a rate of 3 to 14 grams. The second compound selected is potato starch at a rate of 20 to 30 grams.
Le troisième composé retenu est du chlorure de Sodium à raison de 10 à 14 grammes.The third compound retained is sodium chloride in a proportion of 10 to 14 grams.
Le quatrième composé retenu est de la poudre de blanc d'oeuf à raison de 0, 2 à 2 grammes.The fourth compound retained is egg white powder at 0.2 to 2 grams.
Le cinquième composé retenu est de la poudre d'argile à raison de 5 à 40 grammes.The fifth compound retained is clay powder at 5 to 40 grams.
Des essais réalisés sur un support bois ayant subi une pulvérisation avec la composition selon l'invention laissant subsister une couche de un (1) millimètre d'épaisseur. Ce support est exposé durant plusieurs minute à une flamme directe.Tests carried out on a wood support which has been sprayed with the composition according to the invention leaving a layer of one (1) millimeter thick. This support is exposed for several minutes to a direct flame.
La composition selon l'invention carbonise et gonfle pour atteindre une épaisseur de plusieurs millimètres, huit à neuf millimètres pour préciser plus encore les épaisseurs atteintes. Cette composition est raclée après suppression de l'exposition du support à la flamme pour faire apparaître le support bois intact, exempt de toute trace de carbonisation.The composition according to the invention carbonizes and swells to a thickness of several millimeters, eight to nine millimeters to further specify the thicknesses achieved. This composition is scraped after removing the exposure of the support to the flame to reveal the wood support intact, free of any trace of carbonization.
La composition peut être utilisée pour attaquer un feu directement sur le foyer pour assurer son extinction mais aussi en prévention ou en retardant.The composition can be used to attack a fire directly on the fire to ensure its extinction but also prevention or delay.
Cette composition peut être formulée sous forme liquide ainsi qu'indiqué et être appliquée par pulvérisation à l'aide des moyens connus de lutte contre les incendies.This composition can be formulated in liquid form as indicated and be applied by spraying using known means of firefighting.
Cette composition peut aussi être formulée sous forme solide, plus particulièrement sous forme de gel.This composition can also be formulated in solid form, more particularly in gel form.
Ainsi, l'adjonction d'un gélifiant à la composition selon l'invention permet de réaliser des rubans de gel, des balles de gel ou encore des blocs de gel.Thus, the addition of a gelling agent to the composition according to the invention makes it possible to produce gel ribbons, gel balls or even gel blocks.
Dans le cas de rubans de gel, une armature peut être adjointe pour conférer de meilleures performances mécaniques, notamment pour réaliser des rouleaux de bandes et pour permettre une manipulation aisée.In the case of gel tapes, an armature may be added to provide better mechanical performance, in particular for making web rolls and for easy handling.
Une face peut aussi être enduite d'un réflecteur, mieux encore de couleur claire, d'une part pour limiter l'évaporation et d'autre part pour réfléchir la chaleur.One side may also be coated with a reflector, better still light in color, on the one hand to limit evaporation and on the other hand to reflect the heat.
Un tel ruban peut être déroulé et placé comme retardateur pour limiter la propagation d'un feu. Dès l'approche du feu et l'augmentation de la température, la composition réagit comme dans le cas de la composition liquide et forme une barrière totale à la propagation.Such tape can be unwound and placed as a retarder to limit the spread of a fire. As soon as the fire approaches and the temperature rises, the composition reacts as in the case of the liquid composition and forms a total barrier to propagation.
Les balles de gel peuvent être projetées à de longues distances mécaniquement, avec une grande précision, par tout moyen adapté.The gel balls can be projected at long distances mechanically, with great precision, by any suitable means.
Quant aux blocs, ils peuvent être également répartis en des lieux déterminés. Une autre formulation peut être une granulation de ce gel et une distribution par des moyens tels que des engins de salage de routes assurant ainsi la formation de cordons. On note que cette formulation présente un très grand intérêt pour les intervenants au feu qui, munis de tels produits, évitent la propagation du feu.As for the blocks, they can also be divided into specific places. Another formulation may be a granulation of this gel and a distribution by means such as road salting machines thus ensuring the formation of cords. It is noted that this formulation is of great interest for fire-fighters who, with such products, avoid the spread of fire.
Ainsi, même en cas d'encerclement, il est possible d'isoler une zone de protection et la composition ne dégageant pas de produits toxiques, ces intervenants peuvent ainsi au mieux assurer leur sécurité, voire sauvegarder leur vie.Thus, even in case of encirclement, it is possible to isolate a protection zone and the composition does not release toxic products, these stakeholders can thus at best ensure their safety or save their lives.
Afin d'obtenir une gel suffisamment compact tout en conservant les propriétés de la composition, on peut aussi adjoindre un gélifiant qui présente des propriétés de thermo liquéfaction tel que de la gélatine d'origine animale. Préférentiellement, on recourt à de la gélatine avec un degré bloom de 200 àIn order to obtain a sufficiently compact gel while retaining the properties of the composition, it is also possible to add a gelling agent which has thermo-liquefaction properties such as gelatin of animal origin. Preferentially, gelatin with a bloom degree of 200 to 200 is used.
300 blooms pour atteindre la viscosité adaptée et la température de fusion adaptée.300 blooms to achieve the appropriate viscosity and the appropriate melting temperature.
La composition selon la présente invention, quelle que soit sa formulation, conduit à des performances extrêmement élevées. La composition selon l'invention comprend de 44 à 150 grammes de matière sèche pour un litre de composition.The composition according to the present invention, whatever its formulation, leads to extremely high performances. The composition according to the invention comprises from 44 to 150 grams of dry matter per liter of composition.
Ainsi comparativement, pour 1150 kg de composition aqueuse selon la présente invention, il faudrait 20 m3 d'eau soit 20 000 kg d'eau.Thus comparatively, for 1150 kg of aqueous composition according to the present invention, it would be 20 m3 of water or 20 000 kg of water.
La charge à transporter est donc extrêmement réduite tout comme le volume. The load to be transported is therefore extremely reduced, as is the volume.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Composition pour lutter contre le feu, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins :Composition for fighting fire, characterized in that it comprises at least:
- un premier composé sous forme de poudre, d'origine végétale, hydro soluble dans l'eau froide et épaississant, - un deuxième composé sous forme de poudre, d'origine végétale, insoluble dans l'eau froide mais épaississant et rétenteur d'eau dans l'eau chaude ou en présence de vapeur d'eau,- a first compound in powder form, of plant origin, hydro soluble in cold water and thickening, - a second compound in powder form, of vegetable origin, insoluble in cold water but thickening and retaining of water in hot water or in the presence of water vapor,
- un troisième composé comprenant au moins un agent favorisant la réaction de Maillard des au moins premier et/ou deuxième composés, et - de l'eau.- A third compound comprising at least one agent promoting the Maillard reaction of the at least first and / or second compounds, and - water.
2. Composition pour lutter contre le feu, selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le premier composé est choisi parmi farine de guar, farine de caroube, amidons modifiés, alginates.2. Composition for fighting fire, according to claim 1, characterized in that the first compound is selected from guar flour, carob flour, modified starches, alginates.
3. Composition pour lutter contre le feu, selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le deuxième composé est choisi parmi les amidons natifs.3. Composition for fighting fire, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second compound is selected from native starches.
4. Composition pour lutter contre le feu, selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les amidons natifs sont riches en phosphates.4. Composition for fighting fire, according to claim 3, characterized in that the native starches are rich in phosphates.
5. Composition pour lutter contre le feu, selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisée en ce que les amidons natifs sont des amidons de pommes de terre. 5. Composition for fighting fire, according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the native starches are potato starches.
6. Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le troisième composé est du chlorure de sodium.6. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third compound is sodium chloride.
7. Composition pour lutter contre le feu, selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un quatrième composé soluble dans l'eau et filmogène. 7. Composition for fighting fire, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a fourth water-soluble and film-forming compound.
8. Composition pour lutter contre le feu, selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le quatrième composé est une poudre de protéines.8. Composition for fighting fire, according to claim 7, characterized in that the fourth compound is a protein powder.
9. Composition pour lutter contre le feu, selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un cinquième composé de lestage constitué d'une poudre minérale.9. Composition for fighting fire, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a fifth ballast compound consisting of a mineral powder.
10. Composition pour lutter contre le feu, selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que la poudre minérale est une argile blanche.10. Composition for fighting fire, according to claim 9, characterized in that the mineral powder is a white clay.
11. Composition pour lutter contre le feu, selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que : - le premier composé est de la farine de guar à raison de 3 à 14 grammes.11. composition for fighting fire, according to claim 9, characterized in that: - the first compound is guar flour at a rate of 3 to 14 grams.
- le deuxième composé est de la fécule de pommes de terre à raison de 20 à 30 grammes.the second compound is potato starch at a rate of 20 to 30 grams.
- le troisième composé est du chlorure de Sodium à raison de 10 à 14 grammes. - le quatrième composé est de la poudre de blanc d'oeuf à raison de 0, 2 à 2 grammes.the third compound is sodium chloride in a proportion of 10 to 14 grams. the fourth compound is egg white powder at 0.2 to 2 grams.
- le cinquième composé est de la poudre d'argile à raison de 5 à 40 grammes.the fifth compound is clay powder at a rate of 5 to 40 grams.
12. Formulation de la composition pour lutter contre le feu, selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle inclut au moins un composé gélifiant de façon à permettre la réalisation d'un ruban, de balles à projeter, de blocs ou de granulés de ladite composition.12. Formulation of the composition for fighting fire, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes at least one gelling compound so as to allow the production of a ribbon, balls to be sprayed, blocks or granules of said composition.
13. Formulation selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que le gélifiant est choisi avec un degré bloom compris entre 200 et 300 blooms. 13. Formulation according to claim 12, characterized in that the gelling agent is selected with a bloom of between 200 and 300 blooms.
EP07788949A 2006-04-13 2007-04-13 Composition for fire fighting and formulations of said composition Not-in-force EP2004295B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07788949T PL2004295T3 (en) 2006-04-13 2007-04-13 Composition for fire fighting and formulations of said composition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0603275A FR2899818B1 (en) 2006-04-13 2006-04-13 HIGH WATER CONTENT AQUEOUS SOLUTION FOR FIRE FIGHTING
PCT/FR2007/051113 WO2007122342A2 (en) 2006-04-13 2007-04-13 Composition for fire fighting and formulations of said composition

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EP2004295A2 true EP2004295A2 (en) 2008-12-24
EP2004295B1 EP2004295B1 (en) 2011-03-23

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EP (1) EP2004295B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009533118A (en)
AR (1) AR060452A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE502682T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2007242620A1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0709509A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2649236A1 (en)
DE (1) DE602007013374D1 (en)
DK (1) DK2004295T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2363257T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2899818B1 (en)
PL (1) PL2004295T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2004295E (en)
RU (1) RU2438741C2 (en)
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WO2013025954A2 (en) * 2011-08-16 2013-02-21 Sinclair Dan Dwight Fire, dust and erosion suppression product and method
DE102013112063A1 (en) * 2013-11-01 2015-05-07 Viktor Bauf Fire retardant or fire retardant composition and its use
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ZA200809640B (en) 2009-11-25
CA2649236A1 (en) 2007-11-01
AU2007242620A1 (en) 2007-11-01
FR2899818A1 (en) 2007-10-19
BRPI0709509A2 (en) 2011-07-19
PT2004295E (en) 2011-07-01
WO2007122342A3 (en) 2008-09-12
RU2008144354A (en) 2010-05-20
EP2004295B1 (en) 2011-03-23
RU2438741C2 (en) 2012-01-10
JP2009533118A (en) 2009-09-17
US20090146097A1 (en) 2009-06-11
PL2004295T3 (en) 2011-08-31
WO2007122342A2 (en) 2007-11-01
DE602007013374D1 (en) 2011-05-05
ATE502682T1 (en) 2011-04-15
DK2004295T3 (en) 2011-07-18
AR060452A1 (en) 2008-06-18
US7922928B2 (en) 2011-04-12
ES2363257T3 (en) 2011-07-28
FR2899818B1 (en) 2009-05-15

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