EP2004229A2 - Concentrate of immunoglobulins and f(ab)'2 and/or fab fragments specific of an arbovirus as medicine - Google Patents
Concentrate of immunoglobulins and f(ab)'2 and/or fab fragments specific of an arbovirus as medicineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2004229A2 EP2004229A2 EP07731238A EP07731238A EP2004229A2 EP 2004229 A2 EP2004229 A2 EP 2004229A2 EP 07731238 A EP07731238 A EP 07731238A EP 07731238 A EP07731238 A EP 07731238A EP 2004229 A2 EP2004229 A2 EP 2004229A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- concentrate
- immunoglobulins
- fab
- virus
- igg
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
- C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
- C07K16/1081—Togaviridae, e.g. flavivirus, rubella virus, hog cholera virus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/54—F(ab')2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/55—Fab or Fab'
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the invention relates to a novel medicament for the treatment of • arboviruses, namely a concentrate of immunoglobulins and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments specific for said arbovirus and its method of preparation.
- arboviruses are defined by WHO as viruses that persist in nature mainly or largely through biological transmission between susceptible vertebrate hosts, by blood-sucking arthropods; they multiply and cause viremia in the vertebrate, proliferate in the tissues of the arthropod and are transmitted to a new vertebrate by arthropod p 'iqueur after extrinsic incubation period.
- Virus transmission from a viremic host to a female adult mosquito occurs through the blood sucked in during the bite.
- the virus multiplies in the mosquito, it crosses the stomach border of the animal and is found in its salivary glands. Contamination of a healthy man is achieved by the anti-coagulant mosquito saliva released just before the sting into a blood vessel.
- the window during which a person is a viremic host before becoming ill is only a few days old.
- the known arboviruses belong to five families of viruses: - Togaviri & ae, genus Alphavirus, 28 viruses, including Chikungunya, O'Nyong Nyong, Ross River, Sindbis, Maya.ro viruses
- Flaviviridae genus Flavivirus
- 68 viruses including yellow fever virus, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, West-NiIe virus, temperate Eurasian tick-borne encephalitis viruses, Kyasianur forest and Omsk haemorrhagic fever - Bunyaviridae, genus Bunyavirus (138 viruses, including Bunyamwera virus), genus Phleboviris
- Nairovirus genus 24 viruses, including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
- 41 viruses not classified Reoviridae genus Orbivirus (69 viruses) and genus Coltivirus (2 viruses) + 6 viruses not classified Rhabdoviridae, genus Vesiculoviris (18 viruses) and genus Lyssavirus (16 viruses) + 36 unclassified viruses.
- Dengue fever is widespread in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world and is the first public health problem posed by arbovirosis. There are four viral serotypes called "Dengue 1, 2, 3, 4", not resulting in cross-protection. Clinically, there are several forms of dengue fever: asymptomatic dengue fever, classical dengue fever (CD) and severe forms including hemorrhagic fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DH) and dengue fever with shock syndrome (DSC), which can lead to death, especially in the child. The 4 types of dengue virus can be involved in both DC and DH. The physiopathological mechanisms involved in the genesis of DH are unknown.
- the theory most often used is based on phenomenon of "immunological facilitation": a subject having been infected by one of the four serotypes not being protected against the other three, a second infection, heterologous, could result in a DH.
- the vectors are mosquitoes of the genus Aedes: Aedes aegypti is the major vector, Aedes albopictus plays an important role in rural and peri-urban areas and tolerates well temperate climates.
- the West NiIe virus is now considered to be the most widespread flavivirus after the dengue virus; it affects the man sporadically or epidemic. He has recently distinguished himself by emerging for the first time on the American continent, during an epidemic that occurred in New York ' in 1999 (62 cases including 7 deaths). It then spread widely in the United States, affecting more than 9000 people in 44 states in 2003, including 2866 cases of encephalitis and 264 deaths. The virus had previously been found in various parts of the globe, in Africa, the Middle East, India, and Europe. Mosquitoes are the main vectors of the West NiIe virus, mainly those of the genus Culex. The main hosts of the virus are birds, whether wild or domestic (ducks, pigeons ).
- the West NiIe virus infects humans primarily through the bite of a vector mosquito.
- the infection is characterized by the sudden onset of severe fever after 3 to 6 days of incubation. This fever is accompanied by headache, backache, muscle aches, coughing, swollen neck glands, and often rash, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea and symptoms. breathing. In less than 15% of cases, complications occur: meningitis, encephalitis, and rarely hepatitis, pancreatitis or myocarditis.
- the patient recover spontaneously, sometimes with sequelae. But the disease can be fatal in old people, and sometimes in young children.
- Yellow fever (FJ) remains a daunting endemic and a constant threat in Black Africa and intertropical America. It is due to the yellow fever virus. It comes as a hepatonephritis hemorrhagic, yellow fever typhus, beginning with a phase or red phase, remission on day 3, a status phase or stage with yellow jaundice, vomiting, bleeding mainly digestive syndrome renal. Epidemiology is complex because, in natural environments, yellow fever virus is constantly circulating in monkey populations, thanks to simiophilic wild mosquitoes acting as vectors. It is only accidentally, when man comes into contact with such a sylvatic cycle, that the first human cases occur.
- Chikungunya (abbreviated 'CHIK') is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes.
- the name is of Bantu origin and signifies: curling, cowering, or curved man's disease because it causes very severe joint pain associated with stiffness, giving the infected patients a very characteristic curved attitude.
- mosquito species several of them are likely to transmit chikungunya, but only Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have so far been identified as epidemic vectors, because of their adaptation to areas of human habitat.
- DHF dengue haemorrhagic fever
- yellow fever etc.
- the incubation of the disease lasts from four to seven days on average.
- the viremia that is to say the period of presence of the virus in the blood and therefore of possible transmission, is spread over about five days.
- the antibodies are then declared. They stay in the blood. Immunity is therefore normally acquired for life.
- a vaccine is available to prevent yellow fever. Vaccination is routine in exposed populations. However, 60 to 80% of the population must be immunized (naturally or after vaccination) to avoid epidemics. The antibodies appear after about ten days. Vaccination is contraindicated in pregnant women and infants under 6 months of age. A vaccine is also used in Europe • against tick-borne encephalitis. It is marketed under the name TICOVAC® (Baxter SA). Phase I and Phase II were conducted in the United States.
- Immunoglobulins specific for hepatitis B or anti-HBs are widely used to protect any unvaccinated person injuring themselves with contaminated material: the newborn HBs positive antigen mother (in this case the injection must be performed immediately after the birth and should be accompanied by initiation of vaccination), the liver transplant patient to avoid reinfection of the graft and the sexual partner of a HBsAg positive antigen subject pending the effectiveness of vaccination.
- These immunoglobulins make it possible to put in place a protection, either before the exposure to the risk, or in the 24 hours which follow the infectious contact (accidental puncture).
- the Applicant has sought to develop a medicament for treating or preventing arboviroses based on specific immunoglobulins which rapidly immunize exposed people.
- the Applicant has surprisingly shown that such a treatment requires the combination of immunoglobulins and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments specific for the arbovirus to be treated to be effective. 5
- Immunoglobulins are heterodimers consisting of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains, linked together by disulfide bridges. Each chain t) v 'is incorporated, position K "-terminal, d r a region' or variable domain (encoded by the rearranged genes V-
- Heavy specific for the antigen against which the antibody is directed, and the C-terminal position, 5 of a constant region consisting of a single domain CL for the light chain or 3 domains (CHl, CH2, and CH3) for the heavy chain.
- the combination of the variable domains and the CH1 and CL domains of the heavy and light chains forms the Fab parts, which are connected to the Fc region by a very flexible hinge region allowing each Fab to bind to its antigenic target while the Fc region, mediator of the effector properties of the antibody, remains accessible to effector molecules such as Fc ⁇ R receptors and CIq.
- IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin
- immunoglobulins G cross the placenta and, as a result, cause passive immunity in the fetus.
- IgA is found mainly in secretions such as saliva, intestinal juice, sweat and breast milk.
- the essential role of immunoglobulins. A is to prevent pathogens bind to the cell and more specifically to de- cells " 'recouvré ⁇ rté nt ⁇ m-s ⁇ itu-ant; .->.
- IgM are immunoglobulins secreted during the first contact of the body with an antigen. This is the first class of immunoglobulin released by plasma cells. The presence of IgM in the blood indicates an ongoing infection.
- fragment Fab Frametic Antigen Binding
- Fc fragment Antigen Binding
- an F (ab ') 2 fragment is generated, where the two Fab fragments remain bound by two disulfide bridges, and the Fc fragment is cleaved into several peptides.
- the F (ab ') 2 fragment is formed of two Fab' fragments (an Fab 'fragment consisting of an Fab and a hinge region), linked by interchain disulfide bridges to form an F (ab') 2.
- chromatography A method of separating the constituents of a mixture based on their selective adsorption by a suitable support is called "chromatography".
- the invention relates to a concentrate of immunoglobulins and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments specific for an arbovirus as a medicament.
- Such F (ab) '2 or Fab fragments which contain the binding site of the antibody, may have lost a number of -properties of the whole antibody
- the arbovirus in question that can be treated with a concentrate according to the invention can be, for example, one of the dengue viruses, the fever virus
- the concentrate according to the invention is a concentrate of immunoglobulins A, G, and M and fragments F (ab) '2 and / or Fab specific for an arbovirus.
- the concentrate according to the invention is a concentrate of immunoglobulin G exclusively or an immunoglobulin M concentrate exclusively, and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments specific for an arbovirus.
- concentrate according to the invention consists of a concentrate of immunoglobulin G exclusively and fragments F (ab) '2 and / or Fab of IgG and IgM specific for an arbovirus.
- the concentrate according to the invention contains at least 50% of immunoglobulins of IgG type, and 90 to 98% of proteins reacting with antibodies specifically directed against human immunoglobulins, in particular 5 to 50% of F ( ab) 2 and / or Fab, in particular at least 50 to 60 g / l Ig and fragments for a pharmaceutical preparation.
- Another object of the invention is the use of a concentrate according to the invention, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of said arbovirus.
- This treatment is prophylactic and / or curative. It can either transfer passive immunity to people who have not yet been affected in an epidemic region, or treat patients already affected by the virus.
- the drug is administered topically, orally, mucosally, intramuscularly or intravenously. Its effectiveness lasts several tens of days, about 21 days, period beyond which the administration must be repeated if the epidemic or the symptoms persist.
- the invention also relates to a method for preparing a concentrate according to the invention. The method comprises mixing an arbovirus specific immunoglobulin concentrate and a specific immunoglobulin concentrate of the same proteolytically modified arbovirus to obtain F (ab) '2 and Fab fragments specific for that arbovirus. This process therefore requires the preparation of at least one immunoglobulin concentrate. This method begins with the formation of a lot 'of at least 1000 plasma donations, each donation having a sufficient titer of Ig directed against said arbovirus.
- the supernatant resulting from centrifugation or filtration may undergo a viral inactivation treatment, for example a conventional solvent / detergent viral inactivation treatment (Triton X100). If the precipitation carried out was a "typical" precipitation as described above, the caprylic acid residues in the supernatant are removed by PO4 calcium.
- a viral inactivation treatment for example a conventional solvent / detergent viral inactivation treatment (Triton X100). If the precipitation carried out was a "typical" precipitation as described above, the caprylic acid residues in the supernatant are removed by PO4 calcium.
- the supernatant then undergoes an additional purification step by chromatography on an anion exchanger performed at alkaline pH.
- the pH of the supernatant is adjusted beforehand to a pH of from 8.9 to 9.1 and the column was balanced with a buffer having a pH ranging from 8.9 to 9.1.
- the chromatography step allows the adsorption of immunoglobulins on the column and the passage of unadsorbed proteins in the effluent.
- the chromatography may be carried out, for example, on a crosslinked polysaccharide gel or on a vinyl polymer on which DEAE, TMAE or QAE groups have been grafted.
- the immunoglobulins thus eluted and harvested can be concentrated by ultrafiltration and subjected, for example, to conventional sterilizing filtration and then to filtration through nanometric filters of decreasing porosity of 100 to 15 nanometers.
- the concentrated and filtered immunoglobulin solution is added with a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent such as those described in patent application WO 2004/091656, and this solution is then packaged as a sterile solution and optionally frozen and / or freeze-dried.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent such as those described in patent application WO 2004/091656, and this solution is then packaged as a sterile solution and optionally frozen and / or freeze-dried.
- nanofiltration makes it possible to eliminate viruses that are resistant to viral inactivation treatment by solvent / detergent.
- the Ig concentrate and the mixture of fragments resulting from the proteolysis are then mixed.
- One liter of plasma rich in anti-Chikungunya antibodies is collected from volunteer donors recently infected with Chikungunya virus and cured symptoms of the disease.
- the antibody titer is determined by a method 'Elisa consists in attaching virus antigens on a microtiter plate and then revealing the specific antibodies using a horseradish peroxidase labeled anti-immunoglobulin reagent.
- the samples that have displayed a positive test at a dilution of at least 1/1000 are retained in the context of a "specific" type Elisa method.
- the plasma pool resulting from step 1.1 is cooled to -3 ° C. and added during the cooling of a volume of ethanol sufficient to obtain a final concentration of ethanol of 8%.
- the precipitate formed is removed.
- the pH of the supernatant is then adjusted to pH 5.9 by adding acetate buffer, for example, cooled to -5 ° C., and supplemented with a volume of ethanol sufficient to obtain a final concentration of ethanol of 19%.
- the precipitate formed is collected by centrifugation, for example, and redissolved in an acetate buffer, for example, so as to obtain a pH value of 4.7 to 4.9.
- Octanoic acid is then added at 20 ° C., with vigorous stirring, until a final octanoic acid concentration of 20 g / l is obtained.
- the precipitate formed is separated by centrifugation or alluvial filtration and removed. Tricalcium phosphate or activated charcoal is added to the supernatant, and the mixture is clarified by deep filtration.
- the supernatant resulting from the clarification and containing the immunoglobulins is adjusted to pH 9 by the addition of a NaOH / glycine buffer, for example, and applied on an anion exchange column.
- Equilibration buffer washing is carried out until a DO ' at 280 nm is obtained at the column outlet close to the OD 280 measured during the establishment of the baseline.
- the proteolysate is neutralized, for example by the addition of sodium hydroxide, at pH 6.2 +/- 0.2. Diafiltration of the neutralized proteolysate is performed against a glycine buffer at pH 6.2 +/- 0.2, until an OD280 of about 0.005 is obtained, the OD 2S o being measured on the filtrate line of the membrane with a cutoff threshold of 30 kD or less.
- Peptides resulting from pepsin proteolysis and having a size less than or equal to 30 kD are removed during passage over the cut-off membrane.
- the proteolysate obtained therefore contains Fab fragments, F (ab) ' 2 type fragments, but proves to be devoid of Fc type fragments.
- the resulting proteolysate is then mixed with the remaining 75% of the first IgG-containing eluate.
- the mixture is subsequently concentrated by ultrafiltration to reach a final concentration ranging from 50 to 160 g / l, depending on the selected mode of administration.
- the concentrate is titrated according to the method described in Edelman, R. et al. (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62 (6), 2000, pp. 681-685).
- the anti-Chikungunya specific antibody titre of the concentrate thus obtained is at least 3 to 10 times higher than that of the starting plasma.
- the concentrate resulting from step 1.3 is stabilized by mixing with a formulation comprising pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as, for example, glycine at a final concentration of 0.22M, or such as those described in WO 200 / 091,656.
- a formulation comprising pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as, for example, glycine at a final concentration of 0.22M, or such as those described in WO 200 / 091,656.
- the pH of the formulation added to the concentrate is compatible with obtaining a liquid mixture having a pH ranging from 4.2 to 5.6.
- the administration of the resulting liquid mixture can be carried out, for example, intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly, depending on the phlebological state of the recipient.
- the dose administered is 0.2 to 0.8 ml / kg and may, in the event of an epidemic, be administered preventively every 3 weeks to particularly exposed persons, for example the elderly, pregnant women or newborns. .
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Abstract
The invention concerns a novel medicine for treating arboviruses, namely a concentrate of immunoglobulins and F(ab)'2 and/or Fab fragments specific of said arbovirus as well as a method for preparing same.
Description
Concentré d/ immunoglobulines et de fragments F(ab) '2 et/ou Fab spécifiques d'un arbovirus en tant que médicamentConcentrate of immunoglobulins and Arbovirus-specific F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments as a medicament
L'invention concerne un nouveau médicament destiné au traitement • des arbovirus, à savoir un concentré d' immunoglobulines et de fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab spécifiques dudit arbovirus ainsi que son procédé de préparation.The invention relates to a novel medicament for the treatment of • arboviruses, namely a concentrate of immunoglobulins and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments specific for said arbovirus and its method of preparation.
IntroductionIntroduction
Les virus faisant intervenir dans leur cycle des arthropodes vecteurs sont regroupés sous le terme général d' arbovirus. Les arbovirus sont définis par l'OMS comme des virus qui subsistent dans la nature essentiellement ou en grande partie grâce à la transmission biologique entre hôtes vertébrés sensibles, par des arthropodes hématophages ; ils se multiplient et provoquent une virémie chez le vertébré, prolifèrent dans les tissus de l'arthropode et sont transmis à un nouveau vertébré par l'arthropode p'iqueur après une période d'incubation extrinsèque .The viruses that involve in their cycle arthropod vectors are grouped under the general term of arbovirus. Arboviruses are defined by WHO as viruses that persist in nature mainly or largely through biological transmission between susceptible vertebrate hosts, by blood-sucking arthropods; they multiply and cause viremia in the vertebrate, proliferate in the tissues of the arthropod and are transmitted to a new vertebrate by arthropod p 'iqueur after extrinsic incubation period.
La transmission du virus d'un hôte virémique à un moustique adulte femelle se fait par le sang aspiré lors de la piqûre. Le virus se multiplie dans le moustique, il traverse la frontière stomacale de l'animal et se retrouve dans ses glandes salivaires. La contamination d'un homme sain est réalisée par la salive anti-coagulante de moustique libérée juste avant la piqûre dans un vaisseau sanguin. La fenêtre pendant laquelle une personne est un hôte virémique avant de devenir malade n'est que de quelques jours.Virus transmission from a viremic host to a female adult mosquito occurs through the blood sucked in during the bite. The virus multiplies in the mosquito, it crosses the stomach border of the animal and is found in its salivary glands. Contamination of a healthy man is achieved by the anti-coagulant mosquito saliva released just before the sting into a blood vessel. The window during which a person is a viremic host before becoming ill is only a few days old.
Les arbovirus connus appartiennent à cinq familles de virus :
- les Togaviri&ae, genre Alphavirus, 28 virus, dont les virus Chikungunya, O'Nyong Nyong, Ross River, Sindbis, Maya.roThe known arboviruses belong to five families of viruses: - Togaviri & ae, genus Alphavirus, 28 viruses, including Chikungunya, O'Nyong Nyong, Ross River, Sindbis, Maya.ro viruses
- les Flaviviridae, genre Flavivirus , 68 virus, dont le virus de la fièvre jaune, des dengues , de l'encéphalite japonaise, le virus West- NiIe, les virus des encéphalites à tiques d'Eurasie tempérée, les virus de la maladie de la forêt de Kyasianur et de la fièvre hémorragique d'Omsk - les Bunyaviridae, genre Bunyavirus (138 virus, dont le virus Bunyamwera) , genre Phléboviris- Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, 68 viruses, including yellow fever virus, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, West-NiIe virus, temperate Eurasian tick-borne encephalitis viruses, Kyasianur forest and Omsk haemorrhagic fever - Bunyaviridae, genus Bunyavirus (138 viruses, including Bunyamwera virus), genus Phleboviris
(43 virus, dont le virus de la Fièvre de la(43 viruses, including Fever Virus
Vallée du Rift) , genre Nairovirus (24 virus, dont le virus de la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée- Congo) + 41 virus non classés les Reoviridae, genre Orbivirus (69 virus) et genre Coltivirus (2 virus) + 6 virus non classés les Rhabdoviridae, genre Vesiculoviris (18 virus) et genre Lyssavirus (16 virus) + 36 virus non classés.Rift Valley), Nairovirus genus (24 viruses, including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) + 41 viruses not classified Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus (69 viruses) and genus Coltivirus (2 viruses) + 6 viruses not classified Rhabdoviridae, genus Vesiculoviris (18 viruses) and genus Lyssavirus (16 viruses) + 36 unclassified viruses.
Les principales arboviroses observées sous les tropiques sont détaillées ci-après .The main arboviroses observed in the tropics are detailed below.
Les dengues sont répandues dans toutes les zones tropicales et subtropicales du monde et représentent le premier problème de Santé Publique posé par les arboviroses . Il existe quatre sérotypes viraux dénommés « Dengue 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 », n' entraînant pas une protection croisée. Cliniquement, on distingue plusieurs formes de dengue : la dengue asymptomatique, la dengue classique (DC) et les formes graves, notamment hémorragiques, dengue hémorragique (DH) et dengue avec syndrome- de choc (DSC), pouvant entraîner la mort, surtout chez l'enfant. Les 4 types de virus de la dengue peuvent être en cause dans les DC comme dans les DH. On ignore les mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués dans la genèse des DH. La théorie la plus souvent retenue fait appel au
phénomène de la « facilitation immunologique » : un sujet ayant été infecté par l'un des quatre sérotypes n'étant pas protégé contre les trois autres, une seconde infection, hétérologue, pourrait se traduire par une DH. Les vecteurs sont des moustiques du genre Aedes : Aedes aegypti est le vecteur majeur, Aedes albopictus joue un rôle important en zone rurale et péri-urbaine et supporte bien les climats tempérés .Dengue fever is widespread in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world and is the first public health problem posed by arbovirosis. There are four viral serotypes called "Dengue 1, 2, 3, 4", not resulting in cross-protection. Clinically, there are several forms of dengue fever: asymptomatic dengue fever, classical dengue fever (CD) and severe forms including hemorrhagic fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DH) and dengue fever with shock syndrome (DSC), which can lead to death, especially in the child. The 4 types of dengue virus can be involved in both DC and DH. The physiopathological mechanisms involved in the genesis of DH are unknown. The theory most often used is based on phenomenon of "immunological facilitation": a subject having been infected by one of the four serotypes not being protected against the other three, a second infection, heterologous, could result in a DH. The vectors are mosquitoes of the genus Aedes: Aedes aegypti is the major vector, Aedes albopictus plays an important role in rural and peri-urban areas and tolerates well temperate climates.
Le virus West NiIe est aujourd'hui considéré comme le plus répandu des flavivirus après le virus de la dengue ; il touche l'homme de façon sporadique ou épidémique. Il s'est récemment illustré en émergeant pour la première fois sur le continent américain, lors d'une épidémie survenue à New-York' en 1999 (62 cas dont 7 décès). Il s'est ensuite considérablement répandu aux Etats-Unis, touchant plus de 9000 personnes dans 44 états en 2003 dont 2866 cas d'encéphalites et 264 décès. Le virus avait précédemment été trouvé dans diverses régions du globe, en Afrique, au Moyen-Orient, en Inde, et en Europe. Les moustiques sont les principaux vecteurs du virus West NiIe, principalement ceux du genre Culex. Les hôtes principaux du virus sont les oiseaux, qu'ils soient sauvages ou domestiques (canards, pigeons...). Ils jouent un rôle crucial dans .là dissémination du virus. Le virus West NiIe infecte l'homme principalement par piqûre d'un moustique vecteur. L'infection se caractérise par la survenue brutale d'une fièvre importante après 3 à 6 jours d' incubation. Cette fièvre est accompagnée de maux de tête et de dos, de douleurs musculaires, d'une toux, d'un gonflement des ganglions du cou, et souvent d'une éruption cutanée, de nausées, de douleurs abdominales, de diarrhées et de symptômes respiratoires . Dans moins de 15% des cas, des complications surviennent : méningites, encéphalites, et rarement hépatite, pancréatite ou myocardite. Généralement, le malade
récupère spontanément, parfois avec séquelles. Mais la maladie peut s'avérer fatale chez des personnes âgées, et parfois chez de jeunes enfants.The West NiIe virus is now considered to be the most widespread flavivirus after the dengue virus; it affects the man sporadically or epidemic. He has recently distinguished himself by emerging for the first time on the American continent, during an epidemic that occurred in New York ' in 1999 (62 cases including 7 deaths). It then spread widely in the United States, affecting more than 9000 people in 44 states in 2003, including 2866 cases of encephalitis and 264 deaths. The virus had previously been found in various parts of the globe, in Africa, the Middle East, India, and Europe. Mosquitoes are the main vectors of the West NiIe virus, mainly those of the genus Culex. The main hosts of the virus are birds, whether wild or domestic (ducks, pigeons ...). They play a crucial role in . there dissemination of the virus. The West NiIe virus infects humans primarily through the bite of a vector mosquito. The infection is characterized by the sudden onset of severe fever after 3 to 6 days of incubation. This fever is accompanied by headache, backache, muscle aches, coughing, swollen neck glands, and often rash, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea and symptoms. breathing. In less than 15% of cases, complications occur: meningitis, encephalitis, and rarely hepatitis, pancreatitis or myocarditis. Generally, the patient recover spontaneously, sometimes with sequelae. But the disease can be fatal in old people, and sometimes in young children.
La fièvre jaune (FJ) demeure une- endémie redoutable et une menace constante en Afrique Noire et en Amérique intertropicale. Elle est due au virus amaril. Elle se présente comme une hépatonéphrite ' hémorragique, le typhus amaril, avec une phase de début ou phase rouge, une rémission au 3e jour, une phase d'état ou phase jaune avec ictère, vomissements, hémorragies principalement digestives, syndrome ' rénal. L' épidémiologie est complexe dans la mesure où, dans les milieux naturels, le virus amaril circule en permanence au sein des populations de singes, grâce à des moustiques sauvages simiophiles servant de vecteurs. Ce n'est qu'accidentellement, lorsque 1 'homme vient à se trouver en contact avec un tel cycle selvatique, que se produisent les premiers cas humains .Yellow fever (FJ) remains a formidable endemic and a constant threat in Black Africa and intertropical America. It is due to the yellow fever virus. It comes as a hepatonephritis hemorrhagic, yellow fever typhus, beginning with a phase or red phase, remission on day 3, a status phase or stage with yellow jaundice, vomiting, bleeding mainly digestive syndrome renal. Epidemiology is complex because, in natural environments, yellow fever virus is constantly circulating in monkey populations, thanks to simiophilic wild mosquitoes acting as vectors. It is only accidentally, when man comes into contact with such a sylvatic cycle, that the first human cases occur.
Le chikungunya (en abrégé 'CHIK) est transmis par des moustiques du genre Aedes . Le nom est d'origine bantoue et signifie : gui se recourbe, qui se recroqueville, ou maladie de 1 'homme courbé car elle occasionne de très fortes douleurs articulaires associées à une raideur, ce qui donne aux patients infectés une attitude courbée très caractéristique. Parmi plus de 950- espèces de moustiques, plusieurs d'entre elles sont susceptibles de transmettre le chikungunya, mais seules Aedes aegypti et Aedes albopictus ont été à ce jour identifiées comme vecteurs épidémiques, à cause de leur adaptation aux zones d'habitat humain. Ces mêmes espèces sont également impliquées dans la transmission d'autres arbovirus : dengue, fièvre dengue hémorragique (DHF) , fièvre jaune, etc.
Le tableau clinique est dominé par une fièvre ' élevée comme celle de la dengue (dengue et chikungunya ont souvent été confondues) associée à des douleurs articulaires invalidantes et parfois une éruption cutanée. Mais il y a des formes sévères ignorées jusque-là : des hépatites fulminantes, des attaques du muscle cardiaque, des méningo-encéphalites... De nombreux autres arbovirus du genre alphavirus (capside d'environ 3OkD et AKN polyadénylé en 3') comme Ross River, O 'nyong-nyong, et Mayaro ont été associés à des symptômes similaires.Chikungunya (abbreviated 'CHIK') is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. The name is of Bantu origin and signifies: curling, cowering, or curved man's disease because it causes very severe joint pain associated with stiffness, giving the infected patients a very characteristic curved attitude. Among more than 950 mosquito species, several of them are likely to transmit chikungunya, but only Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have so far been identified as epidemic vectors, because of their adaptation to areas of human habitat. These same species are also involved in the transmission of other arboviruses: dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), yellow fever, etc. The clinical picture is dominated by high fever such as dengue fever (dengue and chikungunya have often been confused) associated with debilitating joint pain and sometimes rash. But there are severe forms ignored until now: fulminant hepatitis, attacks of the heart muscle, meningoencephalitis ... Many other arboviruses of the alphavirus genus (capsid of approximately 30kD and 3'-polyadenylated AKN) as Ross River, O 'nyong-nyong, and Mayaro have been associated with similar symptoms.
L'incubation de la maladie dure de quatre à sept jours en moyenne. La virémie, c'est-à-dire la période de présence du virus dans le sang et donc de transmission possible, s'étale sur environ cinq jours. Les anticorps se déclarent ensuite. Ils restent dans le sang. L'immunité est donc normalement acquise à vie.The incubation of the disease lasts from four to seven days on average. The viremia, that is to say the period of presence of the virus in the blood and therefore of possible transmission, is spread over about five days. The antibodies are then declared. They stay in the blood. Immunity is therefore normally acquired for life.
Un vaccin est disponible pour prévenir la fièvre jaune. La vaccination est systématique chez les populations exposées. Cependant, 60 à 80% de la population doit être immunisée (naturellement ou après vaccination) pour éviter les épidémies. Les anticorps apparaissent au bout d'une dizaine de jours. La vaccination est contre-indiquée chez les femmes enceintes et les nourrissons de moins de 6 mois. Un vaccin est également utilisé en Europe • contre l'encéphalite à tiques. Il est commercialisé sous le nom de TICOVAC® (Baxter SA). Une phase I et une phase II ont été menées aux Etats-A vaccine is available to prevent yellow fever. Vaccination is routine in exposed populations. However, 60 to 80% of the population must be immunized (naturally or after vaccination) to avoid epidemics. The antibodies appear after about ten days. Vaccination is contraindicated in pregnant women and infants under 6 months of age. A vaccine is also used in Europe • against tick-borne encephalitis. It is marketed under the name TICOVAC® (Baxter SA). Phase I and Phase II were conducted in the United States.
Unis pour un vaccin anti-chikungunya par le United States Army Médical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (Edelman R et al. "Phase II safety and immunogenicity study of live chikungunya virus vaccine" TSI-GSD-218. Juin 2000; Am J Trop Med Hyg, 62:681-5) .United for an anti-chikungunya vaccine by the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (Edelman R et al., "Phase II Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Live Chikungunya Virus Vaccinia" TSI-GSD-218, June 2000; Hyg, 62: 681-5).
Il n'existe pour l'instant aucun traitement virucide contre les arbovirus .
Le traitement est purement symptomatique pour faire tomber la fièvre et réduire la douleur.There is currently no virucidal treatment against arboviruses. The treatment is purely symptomatic to bring down fever and reduce pain.
Art antérieurPrior art
Plusieurs études ont montré l'efficacité des injections d' immunoglobulines contenant des anticorps anti-hépatite A à des sujets risquant d'être exposés à ce virus, avant la mise au point d'un vaccin anti- hépatite A (Ohara et al., Jpn J Exp Med, 1986 Oct ; 56(5) : 229-33 ; Conrad ME et al ., J Infect Dis, 1987 JuI ; 156(1) : 56-63) .Several studies have shown the efficacy of immunoglobulin injections containing hepatitis A antibodies to subjects at risk of exposure to this virus, prior to the development of a hepatitis A vaccine (Ohara et al. Jpn J Exp Med, 1986 Oct; 56 (5): 229-33; Conrad ME et al., J. Infect Dis, 1987 JuI; 156 (1): 56-63).
Les immunoglobulines spécifiques de l'hépatite B ou anti-HBs sont largement utilisées pour protéger toute personne non vaccinée se blessant avec du matériel souillé : le nouveau-né de mère antigène HBs positif (dans ce cas l'injection doit être pratiquée immédiatement après la naissance et doit être accompagnée de la mise en route d'une vaccination), le patient transplanté hépatique pour éviter la réinfection du greffon et le partenaire sexuel d'un sujet antigène HBs positif en attendant l'efficacité de la vaccination. Ces immunoglobulines permettent de mettre en place une protection, soit avant l'exposition au risque, soit dans les 24 h qui suivent le contact infectant (piqûre accidentelle) .Immunoglobulins specific for hepatitis B or anti-HBs are widely used to protect any unvaccinated person injuring themselves with contaminated material: the newborn HBs positive antigen mother (in this case the injection must be performed immediately after the birth and should be accompanied by initiation of vaccination), the liver transplant patient to avoid reinfection of the graft and the sexual partner of a HBsAg positive antigen subject pending the effectiveness of vaccination. These immunoglobulins make it possible to put in place a protection, either before the exposure to the risk, or in the 24 hours which follow the infectious contact (accidental puncture).
Résumé de l ' inventionSummary of the invention
Devant une telle absence de traitement virucide établi et un seul vaccin ayant reçu une autorisation de mise sur le marché, le Demandeur a cherché à mettre au point un médicament pour traiter ou prévenir les arboviroses à base d' immunoglobulines spécifiques permettant d'immuniser rapidement les personnes exposées .
Le Demandeur a montré de façon surprenante qu'un tel traitement nécessite l'association d' immunoglobulines et de fragments F(ab) '2 et/ou Fab spécifiques de l'arbovirus à traiter pour être efficace. 5In view of such an absence of established virucidal treatment and a single licensed vaccine, the Applicant has sought to develop a medicament for treating or preventing arboviroses based on specific immunoglobulins which rapidly immunize exposed people. The Applicant has surprisingly shown that such a treatment requires the combination of immunoglobulins and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments specific for the arbovirus to be treated to be effective. 5
DéfinitionsDefinitions
On appelle « concentré » un produit obtenu par élimination de certains constituants . Un concentré 0 d' immunoglobulines est obtenu par élimination de certains constituants du plasma pour aller vers une fraction plasmatique enrichie en immunoglobulines. On appelle « immunoglobuline » une globuline naturelle présente surtout dans le plasma, ayant des fonctions 5 d'anticorps et utilisable à titre curatif ou préventif .The term "concentrate" means a product obtained by elimination of certain constituents. An immunoglobulin 0 concentrate is obtained by removing certain components of the plasma to an immunoglobulin enriched plasma fraction. The term "immunoglobulin" refers to a natural globulin which is predominantly present in plasma and has antibody functions and can be used for curative or preventive purposes.
Les immunoglobulines sont des hétérodimères constitués de 2 chaînes lourdes et de 2 chaînes légères, liées entre elles par des ponts disulfures. Chaque chaîne t)v ' est constituée, en position K"-terminale, dr'une région ' ou domaine variable (codée par les gènes réarrangés V-Immunoglobulins are heterodimers consisting of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains, linked together by disulfide bridges. Each chain t) v 'is incorporated, position K "-terminal, d r a region' or variable domain (encoded by the rearranged genes V-
J pour la chaîne légère et V-D-J pour la chaîneJ for the light chain and V-D-J for the chain
'lourde) spécifique de l'antigène contre lequel l'anticorps est dirigé, et en position C-terminale, 5 d'une région constante, constituée d'un seul domaine CL pour la chaîne légère ou de 3 domaines (CHl, CH2 et CH3) pour la chaîne lourde. L'association des domaines variables et des domaines CHi et CL des chaînes lourdes et légères forme les parties Fab, qui sont connectées 0 à la région Fc par une région charnière très flexible permettant à chaque Fab de se fixer à sa cible antigénique tandis que la région Fc, médiatrice des propriétés effectrices de l'anticorps, reste accessible aux molécules effectrices telles que les 5 récepteurs FcγR et le CIq.
Les IgG sont les immunoglobulines les plus abondantes Heavy) specific for the antigen against which the antibody is directed, and the C-terminal position, 5 of a constant region consisting of a single domain CL for the light chain or 3 domains (CHl, CH2, and CH3) for the heavy chain. The combination of the variable domains and the CH1 and CL domains of the heavy and light chains forms the Fab parts, which are connected to the Fc region by a very flexible hinge region allowing each Fab to bind to its antigenic target while the Fc region, mediator of the effector properties of the antibody, remains accessible to effector molecules such as FcγR receptors and CIq. IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin
(75 à 80 % des anticorps circulants) . Elles protègent l'organisme contre les bactéries, les virus, et les toxines qui circulent dans le sang et la lymphe. D'autre part, elles fixent rapidement le complément(75 to 80% of circulating antibodies). They protect the body against bacteria, viruses, and toxins circulating in the blood and lymph. On the other hand, they quickly fix the complement
(un des constituants du système immunitaire) . Elles participent également à la réponse mémoire, base de(one of the constituents of the immune system). They also participate in the memory response, the basis of
1 ' immunité sur laquelle repose le mécanisme de la vaccination. Enfin, les immunoglobulines G traversent le placenta et, de ce fait, entraînent une immunité passive chez le fœtus .The immunity on which the mechanism of vaccination is based. Finally, immunoglobulins G cross the placenta and, as a result, cause passive immunity in the fetus.
Les IgA se trouvent essentiellement dans les sécrétions comme la salive, le suc intestinal, la sueur et le lait maternel. Le rôle essentiel des immunoglobulines . A est d'empêcher les agents pathogènes de se lier à la cellule et plus spécifiquement aux cellules de- " ' recouvréïrté'nt ©©m-sÈitu-ant ;.->.
IgA is found mainly in secretions such as saliva, intestinal juice, sweat and breast milk. The essential role of immunoglobulins. A is to prevent pathogens bind to the cell and more specifically to de- cells "'recouvréïrté nt ©© m-sÈitu-ant; .->.
Les IgM sont des immunoglobulines sécrétées lors du premier contact de l'organisme avec un antigène. C'est la première classe d' immunoglobulines libérée par les plasmocytes . La présence d'IgM dans le sang indique une infection en cours.IgM are immunoglobulins secreted during the first contact of the body with an antigen. This is the first class of immunoglobulin released by plasma cells. The presence of IgM in the blood indicates an ongoing infection.
La protéolyse enzymatique des immunoglobulines par la papaïne génère 2 fragments identiques, qu'on appelle « fragment Fab » (Fragment Antigen Binding) , et un fragment Fc (fraction cristallisable) . Le fragment Fc est le ' support des fonctions effectrices des immunoglobulines .The enzymatic proteolysis of immunoglobulins by papain generates 2 identical fragments, called "fragment Fab" (Fragment Antigen Binding), and a fragment Fc (crystallizable fraction). The Fc fragment is the support effector functions of immunoglobulins.
Par protéolyse à la pepsine, un fragment F(ab')2 est généré, où les deux fragments Fab restent liés par deux ponts disulfure, et le fragment Fc est scindé en
plusieurs peptides . Le fragment F(ab')2 est formé de deux fragments Fab' (un fragment Fab' consistant en un Fab et une région charnière) , liés par des ponts disulfure intercaténaires pour former un F(ab')2.By pepsin proteolysis, an F (ab ') 2 fragment is generated, where the two Fab fragments remain bound by two disulfide bridges, and the Fc fragment is cleaved into several peptides. The F (ab ') 2 fragment is formed of two Fab' fragments (an Fab 'fragment consisting of an Fab and a hinge region), linked by interchain disulfide bridges to form an F (ab') 2.
5 On appelle « chromatographie » une méthode de séparation des constituants d'un mélange fondée sur leur adsorption sélective par un support approprié.A method of separating the constituents of a mixture based on their selective adsorption by a suitable support is called "chromatography".
Description détaillée de l'invention 10Detailed Description of the Invention
En premier lieu, l'invention concerne un concentré d' immunoglobulines et de fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab spécifiques d'un arbovirus.en tant que médicament.In the first place, the invention relates to a concentrate of immunoglobulins and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments specific for an arbovirus as a medicament.
15 L'utilisation de fractions de plasma humain enrichies en immunoglobulines pour le traitement de diverses infections ou déficiences congénitales est connue depuis la mise au point du procédé de précipitation à l'éthanol par Cohn (Cohn et al. 1946, J. Am. Chem.The use of immunoglobulin-enriched human plasma fractions for the treatment of various congenital infections or deficiencies has been known since the development of the Cohn ethanol precipitation method (Cohn et al., 1946, J. Am., Chem. .
'2tP" So'c. '68', 459' ; Oncï'ey .et al". 1949, J.' Am. Chem. Soc. 71, 541) . ., '2tp "So' c '68', 459 '.; Onci' .and ey al". 1949 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71, 541). .,
De tels fragments F(ab) '2 ou Fab, qui contiennent le site de liaison de l'anticorps, peuvent avoir perdu un certain nombre de - -propriétés de l'anticorps entierSuch F (ab) '2 or Fab fragments, which contain the binding site of the antibody, may have lost a number of -properties of the whole antibody
25 duquel ils sont issus, comme la capacité de lier les récepteurs Fcgamma .From which they are derived, such as the ability to bind Fcgamma receptors.
L'arbovirus en question susceptible d'être traité par un concentré selon l'invention peut être, par exemple, un des virus de la dengue, le virus de la fièvreThe arbovirus in question that can be treated with a concentrate according to the invention can be, for example, one of the dengue viruses, the fever virus
30 jaune, le virus West NiIe, le virus chikungunya, le virus Ross River, le virus O ' nyong-nyong ou le virus Mayaro .Yellow, West NiIe virus, chikungunya virus, Ross River virus, O 'nyong-nyong virus or Mayaro virus.
Dans le concentré selon l'invention, toutes les combinaisons sont possibles entre un mélangeIn the concentrate according to the invention, all combinations are possible between a mixture
35 d' immunoglobulines A, G et/ou M et des fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab d'Ig A, G et/ou M spécifiques d'un arbovirus .
En particulier, le concentré selon l'invention est un concentré d'immunoglobulines A, G, et M et de fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab spécifiques d'un arbovirus . De préférence, le concentré selon l'invention est un concentré d'immunoglobulines G exclusivement ou un concentré d'immunoglobulines M exclusivement, et de fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab spécifiques d'un arbovirus De manière particulièrement préférée, le concentré selon l'invention est constitué d'un concentré d'immunoglobulines G exclusivement et de fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab d'IgG et d'IgM spécifiques d'un arbovirus . De préférence, le concentré selon l'invention contient au moins 50% d'immunoglobulines de type Ig G, et de 90 à 98% de protéines réagissant avec des anticorps spécifiquement dirigés contre les immunoglobulines humaines, en particulier 5 à 50% de F(ab) '2 et/ou Fab, en particulier au moins 50 à 60 g/L d'Ig et de fragments pour une préparation pharmaceutique.Immunoglobulin A, G and / or M and Arbovirus specific F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments of A, G and / or M. In particular, the concentrate according to the invention is a concentrate of immunoglobulins A, G, and M and fragments F (ab) '2 and / or Fab specific for an arbovirus. Preferably, the concentrate according to the invention is a concentrate of immunoglobulin G exclusively or an immunoglobulin M concentrate exclusively, and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments specific for an arbovirus. concentrate according to the invention consists of a concentrate of immunoglobulin G exclusively and fragments F (ab) '2 and / or Fab of IgG and IgM specific for an arbovirus. Preferably, the concentrate according to the invention contains at least 50% of immunoglobulins of IgG type, and 90 to 98% of proteins reacting with antibodies specifically directed against human immunoglobulins, in particular 5 to 50% of F ( ab) 2 and / or Fab, in particular at least 50 to 60 g / l Ig and fragments for a pharmaceutical preparation.
Le concentré selon l'invention peut être additionné de 1 à 10 mmol de magnésium et/ou de zinc.The concentrate according to the invention may be supplemented with 1 to 10 mmol of magnesium and / or zinc.
Un autre objet de l'invention consiste en l'utilisation d'un concentré selon l'invention, pour la fabrication d'un médicament destiné au traitement dudit arbovirus.Another object of the invention is the use of a concentrate according to the invention, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of said arbovirus.
Ce traitement est prophylactique et/ou curatif. Il permet soit de transférer une immunité passive chez les personnes non encore touchées dans une région épidémique, soit de soigner les patients déjà touchés par le virus.This treatment is prophylactic and / or curative. It can either transfer passive immunity to people who have not yet been affected in an epidemic region, or treat patients already affected by the virus.
Le médicament en question est administré par voie topique, orale, mucosale, intramusculaire ou intraveineuse . Son efficacité perdure plusieurs dizaines de jours, environ 21 jours, période au-delà de laquelle l'administration doit être répétée si l'épidémie ou les symptômes persistent.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de préparation d'un concentré selon l'invention. Ce procédé consiste à mélanger un concentré d' immunoglobulines spécifiques d'un arbovirus et un concentré d' immunoglobulines spécifiques du même arbovirus ayant subi une protéolyse afin d'obtenir des fragments F(ab)'2 et Fab spécifiques de cet arbovirus. Ce procédé nécessite donc la préparation d'au moins un concentré d' immunoglobulines . Ce procédé débute par la constitution d'un lot' d'au moins 1000 dons de plasma, chaque don présentant un titre suffisant en Ig dirigées contre ledit arbovirus. Un sérum possédant un titre suffisant correspond, par exemple, à un sérum restant positif pour la détection d'anticorps anti-Chikungunya, après avoir été dilué au l/1000eItιe, lorsque le titre est mesuré par une méthode de type Elisa. Ces dons proviennent de personnes ayant été en contact avec la maladie, voire de patients, ayant développé la maladie. Le titrage peut être effectué selon C. van de Water et al., Journal of Immunological Methods, 166(1993), 157- 164.The drug is administered topically, orally, mucosally, intramuscularly or intravenously. Its effectiveness lasts several tens of days, about 21 days, period beyond which the administration must be repeated if the epidemic or the symptoms persist. The invention also relates to a method for preparing a concentrate according to the invention. The method comprises mixing an arbovirus specific immunoglobulin concentrate and a specific immunoglobulin concentrate of the same proteolytically modified arbovirus to obtain F (ab) '2 and Fab fragments specific for that arbovirus. This process therefore requires the preparation of at least one immunoglobulin concentrate. This method begins with the formation of a lot 'of at least 1000 plasma donations, each donation having a sufficient titer of Ig directed against said arbovirus. A serum having a sufficient titre corresponds, for example, to a serum remaining positive for the detection of anti-Chikungunya antibodies, after having been diluted to 1/1000 , when the titre is measured by an Elisa type method. These donations come from people who have been in contact with the disease, or even from patients who have developed the disease. The assay can be performed according to C. van de Water et al., Journal of Immunological Methods, 166 (1993), 157-164.
Afin d'enrichir ce lot de plasma en immunoglobulines, les autres constituants du plasma, appelés « contaminants lipidiques et protéiques » sont précipités en une seule étape. Cette purification par précipitation en une seule étape peut avoir lieu en diluant le plasma dans les conditions de la précipitation selon Steinbuch (Steinbuch M., Archiv. Biochem.. Biophys. , 134, 279-284) et en y ajoutant de l'acide caprylique. Elle peut également être obtenue par l'ajout d'agents de précipitation tels que, par exemple, le Rivanol, le chlorure d'Aluminium, le chlorure de cétylpyridinium, l'acide octanoïque, les polyphosphates et en présence d'agents d'adsorption tels que, par exemple, le phosphate tricalcique, la bentonite. Le surnageant résultant de la précipitation peut
constituer un concentré d' immunoglobulines . Il contient alors un mélange d'IgG, A et M. Ce surnageant est récupéré, par exemple par filtration, éventuellement en ajoutant au moins un adjuvant de filtration.In order to enrich this batch of immunoglobulin plasma, the other constituents of the plasma, called "lipid and protein contaminants" are precipitated in a single step. This purification by precipitation in a single stage can take place by diluting the plasma under the conditions of the precipitation according Steinbuch (Steinbuch M., Archiv. Biochem. Biophys.., 134, 279-284) and adding the acid are caprylic. It can also be obtained by the addition of precipitation agents such as, for example, Rivanol, aluminum chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, octanoic acid, polyphosphates and in the presence of adsorption agents. such as, for example, tricalcium phosphate, bentonite. The supernatant resulting from precipitation can constitute a concentrate of immunoglobulins. It then contains a mixture of IgG, A and M. This supernatant is recovered, for example by filtration, possibly by adding at least one filter aid.
Le surnageant résultant de la centrifugation ou de la filtration peut subir un traitement d' inactivation virale, par exemple un traitement d' inactivation virale classique par solvant/détergent (Triton XlOO) . Si la précipitation réalisée était une précipitation de type « càprylique », telle que décrite ci-dessus, les résidus d'acide caprylique dans le surnageant sont éliminés par PO4 calcium. Afin d'obtenir un concentré d'IgG ou d'IgA ou d'IgM, l'enseignement du brevet EP1385886 peut être appliqué, en particulier les protocoles relatifs à l'ajustement du pH, à l'adsorption sur colonne prééquilibrée, à l'adsorption du surnageant contenant les immunoglobulines et les protéines accompagnantes sur la colonne, au lavage de la colonne et à l'élution séquentielle des différentes catégories d'immunoglobulines, par exemple les Ig G, A ou M.The supernatant resulting from centrifugation or filtration may undergo a viral inactivation treatment, for example a conventional solvent / detergent viral inactivation treatment (Triton X100). If the precipitation carried out was a "typical" precipitation as described above, the caprylic acid residues in the supernatant are removed by PO4 calcium. In order to obtain an IgG or IgA or IgM concentrate, the teaching of patent EP1385886 can be applied, in particular the protocols relating to the adjustment of the pH, to the adsorption on a pre-equilibrated column, to the adsorption of the supernatant containing immunoglobulins and accompanying proteins on the column, washing of the column and sequential elution of different classes of immunoglobulins, for example IgG, A or M.
Après l'étape d' inactivation virale, le surnageant subit alors une étape supplémentaire de purification par chromatographie sur un échangeur d'anions effectuée à pH alcalin. En particulier, le pH du surnageant est préalablement ajusté à un pH allant de 8,9 à 9,1 et la colonne est ' équilibrée avec un tampon ayant un pH allant de 8,9 à 9,1. L'étape de chromatographie permet l'adsorption des immunoglobulines sur la colonne et le passage des protéines non adsorbées dans l'effluent. La chromatographie peut être effectuée, par exemple, sur un gel de polysaccharide réticulé ou de polymère vinylique, sur lequel ont été greffés des groupements DEAE, TMAE ou QAE. Après un lavage de la colonne avec le même tampon que
le tampon d'équilibrage pour éliminer les protéines non adsorbées, les immunoglobulines G sont éluées par du tampon phosphate à pH allant de pH 4 à 7, de préférence à pH 6,2. Une élution subséquente éventuelle par le même tampon phosphate additionné de NaCl 100 à 175 mM, de préférence 150 mM, à un pH allant de pH 6 à 6,3, permet de recueillir les IgA. Une élution subséquente éventuelle par le même tampon ajusté ayant un pH allant de 6 à 7 et additionné de NaCl 250 à 350 mM, de préférence 300 mM permet d'éluer les IgM.After the viral inactivation step, the supernatant then undergoes an additional purification step by chromatography on an anion exchanger performed at alkaline pH. In particular, the pH of the supernatant is adjusted beforehand to a pH of from 8.9 to 9.1 and the column was balanced with a buffer having a pH ranging from 8.9 to 9.1. The chromatography step allows the adsorption of immunoglobulins on the column and the passage of unadsorbed proteins in the effluent. The chromatography may be carried out, for example, on a crosslinked polysaccharide gel or on a vinyl polymer on which DEAE, TMAE or QAE groups have been grafted. After washing the column with the same buffer as the equilibration buffer for eliminating the unadsorbed proteins, the immunoglobulins G are eluted with phosphate buffer at pH ranging from pH 4 to 7, preferably at pH 6.2. Subsequent elution with the same phosphate buffer supplemented with 100 to 175 mM NaCl, preferably 150 mM, at a pH ranging from pH 6 to 6.3, makes it possible to collect the IgA. Subsequent elution with the same adjusted buffer having a pH of from 6 to 7 and addition of 250 to 350 mM NaCl, preferably 300 mM, elutes the IgM.
Tout type de mélange entre les IgA, les IgG et les IgM peut être envisagé en mélangeant les concentrés tels que décrits ci-dessus.Any type of mixture between IgA, IgG and IgM can be envisioned by mixing the concentrates as described above.
Les immunoglobulines ainsi éluées et récoltées peuvent être concentrées par ultrafiltration et soumises, par exemple, à une filtration stérilisante conventionnelle puis à une filtration au travers de filtres nanométriques de porosité décroissante de 100 à 15 nanomètres .The immunoglobulins thus eluted and harvested can be concentrated by ultrafiltration and subjected, for example, to conventional sterilizing filtration and then to filtration through nanometric filters of decreasing porosity of 100 to 15 nanometers.
La solution d' immunoglobulines concentrée et filtrée est additionnée d'un agent stabilisant pharmaceutiquement acceptable tel que ceux décrits dans la demande WO 2004/091656 puis cette solution est conditionnée à l'état de solution stérile et éventuellement congelée et/ou lyophilisée. L'application d'une nanofiltration permet d'éliminer des virus résistants au traitement d' inactivation virale par solvant/détergent .The concentrated and filtered immunoglobulin solution is added with a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizing agent such as those described in patent application WO 2004/091656, and this solution is then packaged as a sterile solution and optionally frozen and / or freeze-dried. The application of nanofiltration makes it possible to eliminate viruses that are resistant to viral inactivation treatment by solvent / detergent.
Une partie du concentré d' immunoglobulines ainsi obtenu, ou bien un autre concentré d' immunoglobulines obtenu de la façon décrite précédemment, est protéolysé pour obtenir des fragments F(ab)'2 ou Fab. Le concentré d'ig et le mélange de fragments résultant de la protéolysé sont alors mélangés .A portion of the immunoglobulin concentrate thus obtained, or else another immunoglobulin concentrate obtained as described above, is proteolyzed to obtain F (ab) '2 or Fab fragments. The Ig concentrate and the mixture of fragments resulting from the proteolysis are then mixed.
Ainsi, on obtient un concentré d'IgG et de F(ab) '2 et/ou Fab d'IgG et d'IgM en :
(1) préparant un concentré d'IgG de la façon décrite précédemment,Thus, a concentrate of IgG and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab of IgG and IgM is obtained by: (1) preparing an IgG concentrate as previously described,
(2) préparant un concentré d'IgM de la façon décrite précédemment, (3) • mélangeant et digérant -une partie du concentré d'IgG et une partie du concentré d'IgM pour obtenir un mélange de fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou de Fab d'IgG et d'IgM, (4) mélangeant (1) et (3). Pour obtenir des fragments F(ab)'2, la protéolyse est réalisée à pH 4,0, à 35°C avec 1% de pepsine, le pourcentage correspondant au poids de pepsine par rapport au poids total de protéines du concentré(2) preparing an IgM concentrate as previously described, (3) • mixing and digesting a portion of the IgG concentrate and a portion of the IgM concentrate to obtain a mixture of F (ab) '2 fragments and / or IgG and IgM Fab, (4) mixing (1) and (3). To obtain F (ab) '2 fragments, the proteolysis is carried out at pH 4.0, at 35 ° C. with 1% of pepsin, the percentage corresponding to the weight of pepsin relative to the total weight of proteins of the concentrate.
(protocole IGLOO) . Pour obtenir des fragments Fab, la protéolyse est réalisée avec 1% de papaïne, le pourcentage correspondant au poids de papaïne par rapport au poids total de protéines du concentré .(IGLOO protocol). To obtain Fab fragments, the proteolysis is carried out with 1% of papain, the percentage corresponding to the weight of papain relative to the total weight of proteins of the concentrate.
La protéolyse des immunoglobulines G, A et/ou M peut également être réalisée en utilisant la plasmine et/ou la trypsine, des protéases dont le mode de mise en œuvre est bien connu de l'homme du métier.The proteolysis of immunoglobulins G, A and / or M can also be carried out using plasmin and / or trypsin, proteases whose mode of implementation is well known to those skilled in the art.
L'exemple présenté ci-dessous décrit un mode particulier de mise en œuvre de l'invention mais ne saurait en aucune manière être considéré comme limitant la portée de la présente invention.The example presented below describes a particular mode of implementation of the invention but can in no way be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Exemple 1 : Préparation d'un concentré d' immunoglobulines anti-ChikungunyaExample 1 Preparation of an Anti-Chikungunya Immune Globulin Concentrate
1.1 Constitution d'un pool de plasma1.1 Establishment of a plasma pool
Un litre de plasma riche en anticorps anti-Chikungunya est recueilli à partir de donneurs volontaires récemment infectés par le virus du Chikungunya et guéris des symptômes de la maladie. Le titre des anticorps est déterminé par une méthode ' Elisa qui
consiste à fixer des antigènes du virus sur une plaque de microtitration, puis à révéler les anticorps spécifiques au moyen d'un réactif anti- immunoglobulines marqué à la péroxydase de Raifort. On retient, pour la constitution du mélange de plasma les prélèvements ayant affiché un test positif à une dilution d'au moins l/1000ème dans le cadre d'une méthode Elisa de type « spécifique ».One liter of plasma rich in anti-Chikungunya antibodies is collected from volunteer donors recently infected with Chikungunya virus and cured symptoms of the disease. The antibody titer is determined by a method 'Elisa consists in attaching virus antigens on a microtiter plate and then revealing the specific antibodies using a horseradish peroxidase labeled anti-immunoglobulin reagent. For the constitution of the plasma mixture, the samples that have displayed a positive test at a dilution of at least 1/1000 are retained in the context of a "specific" type Elisa method.
1.2 Préparation des immunoglobulines1.2 Preparation of immunoglobulins
Le pool de plasma résultant de l'étape 1.1 est refroidi à -30C et additionné pendant le refroidissement d'un volume d'éthanol suffisant pour obtenir une concentration finale en éthanol de 8%. Le précipité formé est éliminé.The plasma pool resulting from step 1.1 is cooled to -3 ° C. and added during the cooling of a volume of ethanol sufficient to obtain a final concentration of ethanol of 8%. The precipitate formed is removed.
Le pH du surnageant est ensuite ajusté à pH 5,9 par un ajout de tampon acétate, par exemple, refroidi à -50C, et complété par un volume d'éthanol suffisant pour obtenir une concentration finale en éthanol de 19%.The pH of the supernatant is then adjusted to pH 5.9 by adding acetate buffer, for example, cooled to -5 ° C., and supplemented with a volume of ethanol sufficient to obtain a final concentration of ethanol of 19%.
Le précipité formé est recueilli par centrifugation, par exemple,- et remis en solution dans un tampon acétate, par exemple, de façon à obtenir un pH finla de 4,7 à 4,9. De l'acide octanoïque est ensuite ajouté à 200C, sous agitation vigoureuse, jusqu'à obtenir une concentration finale en acide octanoïque de 20 g/1.The precipitate formed is collected by centrifugation, for example, and redissolved in an acetate buffer, for example, so as to obtain a pH value of 4.7 to 4.9. Octanoic acid is then added at 20 ° C., with vigorous stirring, until a final octanoic acid concentration of 20 g / l is obtained.
Le précipité formé est séparé par centrifugation ou filtration alluviale et éliminé. Du phosphate tricalcique ou du charbon actif sont ajoutés au surnageant, puis le mélange est clarifié par filtration en profondeur.The precipitate formed is separated by centrifugation or alluvial filtration and removed. Tricalcium phosphate or activated charcoal is added to the supernatant, and the mixture is clarified by deep filtration.
Le surnageant résultant de la clarification et contenant les immunoglobulines est ajusté à pH 9 par l'ajout d'un tampon NaOH/glycine, par exemple, et appliqué sur une colonne d'échange anioniqueThe supernatant resulting from the clarification and containing the immunoglobulins is adjusted to pH 9 by the addition of a NaOH / glycine buffer, for example, and applied on an anion exchange column.
(Fractogel TMAE, par exemple) équilibrée à pH 9 par un
tampon glycine/NaCl à pH 9.(Fractogel TMAE, for example) equilibrated at pH 9 by a glycine / NaCl buffer at pH 9.
Un lavage en tampon d' équilibrage est effectué jusqu'à obtenir une DO ' à 280nm en sortie de colonne voisine de la DO280 mesurée lors de l'établissement de la ligne de base.Equilibration buffer washing is carried out until a DO ' at 280 nm is obtained at the column outlet close to the OD 280 measured during the establishment of the baseline.
L'élution des Ig ' G est ensuite réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'un premier tampon phosphate de Sodium à pH 6,2. Une seconde élution est réalisée, avec un tampon phosphate additionné de NaCl 300 mM. L'éluat correspondant contient une partie des Ig G4, les Ig A et les Ig M. Le mode opératoire détaillé de cette purification figure dans le brevet EP 1385886.Elution Ig 'G is then carried through a first Sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.2. A second elution is carried out with a phosphate buffer supplemented with 300 mM NaCl. The corresponding eluate contains a portion of the Ig G4, Ig A and Ig M. The detailed procedure for this purification is found in EP 1385886.
1.3 Préparation d'un concentré actif contre le Chikungunya1.3 Preparation of an active concentrate against Chikungunya
25% du premier éluat, contenant les Ig G, sont prélevés et ajoutés aux éluats contenant les Ig G4, Ig A et Ig M. Ce mélange d' immunoglobulines est concentré jusqu'à25% of the first eluate, containing the Ig G, are removed and added to the eluates containing the Ig G4, Ig A and Ig M. This mixture of immunoglobulins is concentrated to
50g/l par une ultrafiltration sur membrane à seuil de coupure inférieur ou égal à 30 kD.50 g / l by membrane ultrafiltration with a cutoff threshold of 30 kD or less.
Le pH du mélange concentré est ajusté par diafiltration contre un tampon • citrate à pH 3,8 à 4,2, pour atteindre un pH acide compris dans cette gamme. La solution est alors additionnée de pepsine (10 000 FlP/mg) de sorte que la quantité de pepsine représentre 1% de la quantité totale des protéines contenues dans le mélange concentré. Cette solution est ensuite filtrée stérilement à 0,2 μm et mise à incuber à 370C pendant 20h.The pH of the concentrated mixture is adjusted by diafiltration against a buffer • citrate pH 3.8 to 4.2, reaching an acid pH in this range. The solution is then supplemented with pepsin (10,000 FlP / mg) so that the amount of pepsin is 1% of the total amount of the proteins contained in the concentrated mixture. This solution is then sterile filtered to 0.2 μm and incubated at 37 ° C. for 20 hours.
Après incubation, le protéolysat est neutralisé, par exemple par l'ajout de soude, à pH 6,2 +/- 0,2. Une diafiltration du protéolysat neutralisé est effectuée contre un tampon glycine à PH 6,2 +/- 0,2, jusqu'à obtenir une DO280 d'environ 0,005, la DO2So étant
mesurée sur la ligne du filtrat de la membrane à seuil de coupure inférieur ou égal à 30 kD.After incubation, the proteolysate is neutralized, for example by the addition of sodium hydroxide, at pH 6.2 +/- 0.2. Diafiltration of the neutralized proteolysate is performed against a glycine buffer at pH 6.2 +/- 0.2, until an OD280 of about 0.005 is obtained, the OD 2S o being measured on the filtrate line of the membrane with a cutoff threshold of 30 kD or less.
Les peptides résultant de la protéolyse par la pepsine et possédant une taille inférieure ou égale à 30 kD sont éliminés lors du passage sur la membrane à seuil de coupure. Le protéolysat obtenu contient par conséquent des fragments de type Fab, des fragments de type F(ab)'2 mais s'avère dépourvu de fragments de type Fc.Peptides resulting from pepsin proteolysis and having a size less than or equal to 30 kD are removed during passage over the cut-off membrane. The proteolysate obtained therefore contains Fab fragments, F (ab) ' 2 type fragments, but proves to be devoid of Fc type fragments.
Le protéolysat résultant est ensuite mélangé avec les 75% restants du premier éluat contenant les IgG. Le mélange est subséquemment concentré par ultrafiltration pour atteindre une concentration finale allant de 50 à 160 g/1, selon le mode d'administration sélectionné. Le concentré est titré selon la méthode décrite dans Edelman, R. et al. (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiène, 62(6), 2000, pages 681-685). Le titre en anticorps spécifiques anti-Chikungunya du concentré ainsi obtenu est d'au moins 3 à 10 fois supérieur à celui du plasma de départ.The resulting proteolysate is then mixed with the remaining 75% of the first IgG-containing eluate. The mixture is subsequently concentrated by ultrafiltration to reach a final concentration ranging from 50 to 160 g / l, depending on the selected mode of administration. The concentrate is titrated according to the method described in Edelman, R. et al. (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62 (6), 2000, pp. 681-685). The anti-Chikungunya specific antibody titre of the concentrate thus obtained is at least 3 to 10 times higher than that of the starting plasma.
1.4 Utilisation de la préparation1.4 Use of the preparation
Le concentré résultant de l'étape 1.3 est stabilisé par le mélange avec une formulation comprenant des excipients pharmaceutiquement acceptables, tels que, par exemple, la glycine à une concentration finale de 0,22M, ou tels que ceux décrits dans la demande WO 200/091656. Le pH de la formulation ajoutée au concentré est compatible avec l'obtention d'un mélange liquide possédant un pH allant de 4,2 à 5,6. L'administration du mélange liquide résultant peut être réalisée, par exemple, par voie intraveineuse, sous-cutanée ou intramusculaire, selon l'état phlébologique du receveur.
La dose administrée correspond à 0,2 à 0,8 ml/kg et peut, en cas d'épidémie, être administrée préventivement toutes les 3 semaines aux sujets particulièrement exposés, par exemple aux personnes âgées , aux femmes enceintes ou aux nouveaux-nés .
The concentrate resulting from step 1.3 is stabilized by mixing with a formulation comprising pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as, for example, glycine at a final concentration of 0.22M, or such as those described in WO 200 / 091,656. The pH of the formulation added to the concentrate is compatible with obtaining a liquid mixture having a pH ranging from 4.2 to 5.6. The administration of the resulting liquid mixture can be carried out, for example, intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly, depending on the phlebological state of the recipient. The dose administered is 0.2 to 0.8 ml / kg and may, in the event of an epidemic, be administered preventively every 3 weeks to particularly exposed persons, for example the elderly, pregnant women or newborns. .
Claims
1. Concentré d'immunoglobulines et de fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab spécifiques d'un arbovirus en tant que médicament.1. Arbovirus-specific immunoglobulin and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab concentrate as a drug.
2. Concentré selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit arbovirus est un des virus de la dengue, le virus de la fièvre jaune, le virus West NiIe, le virus chikungunya, le virus Ross River, le virus 0 ' nyong-nyong ou le virus Mayaro.2. Concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that said arbovirus is one of the dengue viruses, the yellow fever virus, the West NiIe virus, the chikungunya virus, the Ross River virus, the O 'nyong-nyong virus. or the Mayaro virus.
3. Concentré selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les immunoglobulines sont des immunoglobulines A, G, .et M.3. Concentrate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the immunoglobulins are immunoglobulins A, G, and M.
4. Concentré selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les immunoglobulines sont des immunoglobulines G. 4. Concentrate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the immunoglobulins are immunoglobulins G.
5. Concentré selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les immunoglobulines sont des immunoglobulines M.5. Concentrate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the immunoglobulins are immunoglobulins M.
6. Concentré selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé- en ce qu'il contient 90 à 98% d'immunoglobulines et de F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab.6. Concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains 90 to 98% of immunoglobulins and F (ab) '2 and / or Fab.
7. Concentré selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient 5 à 50% de F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab.7. Concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains 5 to 50% of F (ab) '2 and / or Fab.
8. Concentré selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab sont des fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab d'IgG et/ou d'IgM.8. Concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the F (ab) '2 and / or Fab fragments are F (ab)' 2 and / or Fab fragments of IgG and / or d IgM.
9. Concentré selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, additionné de 1 à 10 mmol de magnésium.9. Concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, supplemented with 1 to 10 mmol of magnesium.
10. Concentré selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, additionné de 1 à 10 mmol de zinc.10. Concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 9, supplemented with 1 to 10 mmol of zinc.
11. Utilisation d'un concentré tel que défini dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à11. Use of a concentrate as defined in any one of claims 1 to
10, pour la fabrication d'un médicament destiné au traitement dudit arbovirus .10, for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of said arbovirus.
12. Utilisation selon la revendication 11, pour la fabrication d'un médicament sous forme administrable par voie topique, sous-cutanée, orale, intramusculaire ou intraveineuse.12. Use according to claim 11 for the manufacture of a medicament in form administrable topically, subcutaneously, orally, intramuscularly or intravenously.
13. Procédé ,<de préparation d'un concentré selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes : constitution d'un lot d'au moins 1000 dons de plasma, chaque don présentant un titre suffisant en Ig dirigées contre ledit arbovirus précipitation des contaminants lipidiques et protéiques en une seule étape13. Method for preparing a concentrate according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the following steps: constitution of a batch of at least 1000 plasma donations, each donation having a sufficient Ig title directed against said arbovirus precipitation of lipid and protein contaminants in a single step
- récupération du concentré d'Ig dans le surnageant (1)recovery of the Ig concentrate in the supernatant (1)
- protéolyse d'une partie du concentré précédent pour obtenir des fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab (2),proteolysis of a part of the preceding concentrate to obtain F (ab) '2 and / or Fab (2) fragments,
- mélange des fractions (1) et (2) .- mixing fractions (1) and (2).
14. Procédé de préparation d'un concentré selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes : constitution d'un lot d'au moins 1000 dons de plasma, chaque don présentant un titre suffisant en IgG anti-chikungunya - précipitation des contaminants lipidiques et protéiques en une seule étape ' chromatographie du surnageant sur un échangeur d'anions à pH alcalin14. Process for the preparation of a concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the following steps: constitution of a batch of at least 1000 plasma donations, each donation having a sufficient titre of anti-human IgG. chikungunya - precipitation of lipid and protein contaminants in a single step 'chromatography of the supernatant on an exchanger at an alkaline pH anion
- élution des IgG par du tampon phosphate à pH compris entre 4 et 7 pour obtenir un concentré d'IgG (1)elution of IgGs with phosphate buffer at pH of between 4 and 7 to obtain an IgG concentrate (1)
- éventuellement élution subséquente des IgA par le même tampon phosphate additionné de NaCl 100 à 175 mM, et de préférence 150 mM, à un pH de 6 à 6,3 (1)optionally subsequent elution of the IgA with the same phosphate buffer supplemented with 100 to 175 mM NaCl, and preferably 150 mM, at a pH of 6 to 6.3 (1)
- éventuellement élution subséquente des IgM par le même tampon phosphate à pH compris entre 6 et 7 additionné de NaCl 250 à 350 mM (1)optionally subsequent elution of the IgMs with the same phosphate buffer at a pH of between 6 and 7, added with 250 to 350 mM NaCl (1)
- éventuellement mélange des concentrés d'IgG, d'IgA et d'IgM (1) - protéolyse d'une partie du concentré précédent pour obtenir des fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou Fab (2),optionally mixture of IgG, IgA and IgM concentrates (1) proteolysis of a part of the preceding concentrate to obtain F (ab) '2 and / or Fab (2) fragments,
- mélange d'une fraction (1) et de la fraction (2) . . - mixing a fraction (1) and fraction (2). .
15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le pH du surnageant est ajusté entre 8,9 et 9,1 et la colonne de chromâtographie est équilibrée en tampon à pH 8,9 à 9,1 préalablement à la chromâtographie. 15. The method of claim 14, characterized in that the pH of the supernatant is adjusted between 8.9 and 9.1 and the chromatography column is equilibrated in buffer at pH 8.9 to 9.1 prior to chromatography.
16. Procédé de préparation d'un concentré selon les revendications 4 et 8 , caractérisé par les étapes suivantes : (1) préparation d'un concentré d'IgG selon la revendication 14 ou 15, (2) préparation d'un concentré. d'IgM selon la revendication 14 ou 15,Process for the preparation of a concentrate according to claims 4 and 8, characterized by the following steps: (1) preparation of an IgG concentrate according to claim 14 or 15, (2) preparation of a concentrate. IgM according to claim 14 or 15,
(3) mélange et protéolyse d'une partie du concentré d'IgG et d'une partie du concentré d'IgM pour obtenir un mélange de fragments F(ab)'2 et/ou de Fab d'IgG et d'IgM,(3) mixing and proteolysis of a portion of the IgG concentrate and a portion of the IgM concentrate to obtain a mixture of F (ab) '2 and / or IgG and IgM Fab fragments,
(4) mélange de (1) et (3) .(4) mixture of (1) and (3).
17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 16, caractérisé en ce que la protéolyse pour obtenir des fragments F(ab)'2 a lieu en pepsine 1% en poids de protéines à pH 4 et 350C.17. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the proteolysis to obtain F (ab) '2 fragments takes place in pepsin 1% by weight of proteins at pH 4 and 35 0 C.
18. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 a 17 , caractérisé en ce que la protéolyse pour obtenir des fragments Fab a lieu en papaïne . 18. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the proteolysis to obtain Fab fragments takes place in papain.
19. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 18, caractérisé en ce que ,1a précipitation est une précipitation capryligue et en ce que les résidus d'acide caprylique dans le surnageant sont éliminés par PO4 calcium. 19. A process according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the precipitation is caprylic precipitation and the caprylic acid residues in the supernatant are removed by PO4 calcium.
20. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 19, caractérisé en ce que le précipité est séparé par filtration après ajout d'au moins un adjuvant de filtration. 20. Process according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that the precipitate is separated by filtration after adding at least one filter aid.
21. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 20, caractérisé en ce que le surnageant est traité par solvant/détergent .21. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the supernatant is treated with solvent / detergent.
22. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 21, caractérisé • en ce que les immunoglobulines éluées sont concentrées par ultrafiltration et soumises à une filtration stérilisante conventionnelle puis à . une filtration au travers de filtres nanométriques de porosité décroissante de 100 à 15 nanomètres .22. A method according to any one of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that the eluted immunoglobulins are concentrated by ultrafiltration and subjected to conventional sterilizing filtration and then to. filtration through nanometric filters of decreasing porosity of 100 to 15 nanometers.
23. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 22, caractérisé en ce que la solution d' immunoglobulines concentrée et filtrée est additionnée d'un stabilisant pharmaceutiquement acceptable puis elle est conditionnée à l'état de solution stérile et éventuellement congelée et lyophilisée. 23. A method according to any one of claims 13 to 22, characterized in that the concentrated and filtered immunoglobulin solution is added with a pharmaceutically acceptable stabilizer and it is conditioned in the sterile solution state and optionally frozen and freeze-dried .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0602803A FR2899112B1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | CONCENTRATE OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND F (AB) '2 AND / OR FAB FRAGMENTS SPECIFIC OF ARBOVIRUS AS A MEDICAMENT. |
PCT/FR2007/000560 WO2007118986A2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-04-02 | Concentrate of immunoglobulins and f(ab)'2 and/or fab fragments specific of an arbovirus as medicine |
Publications (1)
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EP2004229A2 true EP2004229A2 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
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EP07731238A Withdrawn EP2004229A2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-04-02 | Concentrate of immunoglobulins and f(ab)'2 and/or fab fragments specific of an arbovirus as medicine |
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US (1) | US7771725B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2004229A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009531400A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20080110828A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101410136A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007239414A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2647504A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2899112B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL193820A0 (en) |
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FR2899111B1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2010-09-03 | Lab Francais Du Fractionnement | CONCENTRATE OF CHIKUNGUNYA SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULINS AS A MEDICINAL PRODUCT. |
EP2374816B1 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2016-09-28 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Binding molecules against Chikungunya virus and uses thereof |
WO2011124635A1 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | Humalys | Binding molecules against chikungunya virus and uses thereof |
GB201006753D0 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2010-06-09 | Biotest Ag | Process for preparing an immunolobulin composition |
WO2022224271A1 (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-27 | Bharat Serums And Vaccines Limited | Polyclonal antibodies against sars-cov-2 and implementations thereof |
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FR2824568B1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2004-04-09 | Lab Francais Du Fractionnement | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATES FOR THERAPEUTIC USE |
FR2853551B1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2006-08-04 | Lab Francais Du Fractionnement | STABILIZING FORMULATION FOR IMMUNOGLOBULIN G COMPOSITIONS IN LIQUID FORM AND LYOPHILIZED FORM |
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WO2007118986A8 (en) | 2010-09-10 |
FR2899112A1 (en) | 2007-10-05 |
FR2899112B1 (en) | 2010-09-03 |
CA2647504A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
IL193820A0 (en) | 2011-08-01 |
US7771725B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 |
JP2009531400A (en) | 2009-09-03 |
WO2007118986A3 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
KR20080110828A (en) | 2008-12-19 |
US20090041780A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
WO2007118986A2 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
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AU2007239414A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
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