EP2003523B1 - Horological collet - Google Patents

Horological collet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2003523B1
EP2003523B1 EP08015682A EP08015682A EP2003523B1 EP 2003523 B1 EP2003523 B1 EP 2003523B1 EP 08015682 A EP08015682 A EP 08015682A EP 08015682 A EP08015682 A EP 08015682A EP 2003523 B1 EP2003523 B1 EP 2003523B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collet
flexible structure
balance spring
ferrule
spring assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP08015682A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2003523A1 (en
Inventor
Frédéric Maier
Sylvain Jeanneret
Andreas Kuoni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Patek Philippe SA Geneve
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Patek Philippe SA Geneve
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Publication of EP2003523A1 publication Critical patent/EP2003523A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ferrule-spiral clockwork assembly, adapted to be driven on the shaft of a pendulum in a clockwork movement.
  • the ferrules found in the current watch movements are often made of steel or brass and usually deform plastically when they are driven on the balance shaft.
  • resilient ferrules are also known capable of elastically tightening the balance shaft. The latter have several advantages, including that of being made in a brittle material such as silicon.
  • a disadvantage of elastic ferrules lies in the fact that they reduce the isochronism of the sprung balance.
  • the shell opening to receive the balance shaft, indeed sees its center of gravity move, which generates an imbalance in the balance spring system.
  • the regular shape of the ferrule means that the center of gravity of the ferrule hardly moves during the driving.
  • the attachment point of the hairspring on the shell located on the periphery of the shell, it moves, which decenter the hairspring.
  • the present invention aims to provide a ferrule-spiral assembly comprising a resilient ferrule which is balanced and which, compared to conventional elastic ferrules, allows to reduce the displacement of the attachment point of the spiral on the ferrule when driving the latter on the balance shaft and thus improve the isochronism of the sprung balance.
  • the ferrule-spiral assembly illustrated in the figure is made in one piece, typically silicon. It comprises a ferrule 1 and a spiral spring 2 attached at its inner end 20 to a point 3 on the periphery of the shell 1.
  • the ferrule-spiral assembly is held on a balance shaft 4 with circular section by driving the ferrule 1 on this shaft 4.
  • the outer end 21 of the spiral 2 is fixed to a peak 5.
  • the ferrule 1 comprises an inner flexible structure 10 elastically receiving and tightening the rocker shaft 4 and an external stiffening structure 11 surrounding the flexible structure 10.
  • the stiffening structure 11 is attached to the latter at distinct points 12a, 12b and 12c, thus defining recesses 13a, 13b and 13c between the structures 10 and 11.
  • the flexible structure 10 is preferably in the form of a regular closed curve, typically a regular polygon, having a determined number of points of contact with the balance shaft 4, different from the points 12a, 12b, 12c of attachment of the rigidification structure 11 to the flexible structure 10.
  • the flexible structure 10 is substantially in the shape of an equilateral triangle and thus has three points of contact 14a, 14b and 14c with the shaft 4, and its vertices correspond to the aforementioned points of attachment 12a, 12b, 12c.
  • the elasticity of the structure 10 results from the relatively thin, of the latter.
  • the flexible structure 10 has a center of gravity G which remains substantially the same before and after the driving on the shaft 4.
  • the stiffening structure 11 is also in the form of a closed curve and thus completely surrounds the flexible structure 10.
  • the stiffening structure 11 has a shape similar to that of the flexible structure 10, that is to say substantially equilateral triangular, but its vertices 15a, 15b, 15c, corresponding to the points of attachment 12a, 12b, 12c, that is to say to the vertices of the equilateral triangle formed by the flexible structure 10, are rounded.
  • the inner end 20 is preferably substantially an extension of one of the rounded vertices of the structure 11, namely the vertex 15a corresponding to the point of attachment 12a. It will be noted in this regard that to ensure a quasi-continuity of shape between the top 15a of the stiffening structure 11 and the inner end 20 of the hairspring 2, the top 15a, unlike the vertices 15b, 15c, has a center of curvature which is distinct from the center of gravity G of the flexible structure 10.
  • this shell 1 To rebalance the shell 1, that is to say, to ensure that its center of gravity corresponds to the center of gravity G of the flexible structure 10 and thus on the axis of the balance shaft 4, there is provided on this shell 1 a compensation zone, constituted for example by a variable thickness e formed on one of the sides of the triangle defined by the stiffening structure 11, in the occurrence the side located between the vertices 15b and 15c, as illustrated in the figure.
  • the shape and dimensions of this compensation zone can be appropriately determined by a rebalancing method known per se.
  • the stiffening structure 11 has a thickness sufficient to almost not deform during the driving and that in particular the points of attachment 12a, 12b, 12c and therefore the vertices 15a, 15b, 15c remain substantially fixed relative to the center of the ferrule 1 during this hunting.
  • the center of gravity of the ferrule 1 remains constant during the driving of the ferrule-spiral assembly on the balance shaft 4 but also the point 3 of attachment of the spiral 2 to the ferrule 1 This results in an improvement of the isochronism of the sprung balance.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

The collet has an inner flexible structure (10) that elastically clasps a balance shaft (4). An outer rigid structure (11) is connected to the flexible structure at different attachment points (12a-12c). A spiral spring (2) is attached with the rigid structure at an attachment point (3) that is fixed on the shaft while pressing a collet-spiral assembly. The collet is made up of silicon. An independent claim is also included for a balance-spiral assembly comprising a horological balance and a spiral-collet assembly.

Description

La présente invention concerne un ensemble virole-spiral d'horlogerie, apte à être chassé sur l'arbre d'un balancier dans un mouvement d'horlogerie.The present invention relates to a ferrule-spiral clockwork assembly, adapted to be driven on the shaft of a pendulum in a clockwork movement.

Les viroles que l'on trouve dans les mouvements d'horlogerie actuels sont souvent en acier ou en laiton et, généralement, se déforment plastiquement lors de leur chassage sur l'arbre du balancier. Toutefois, on connaît également des viroles élastiques aptes à serrer élastiquement l'arbre du balancier. Ces dernières présentent plusieurs avantages, dont celui de pouvoir être réalisées dans une matière cassante telle que le silicium. Elles sont par exemple sous la forme d'une bague fendue radialement, comme décrit dans les documents CH 490.703 , EP 1.302.821 et FR 1.376.018 , ou d'une structure mince fermée assurant un contact en différents points avec l'arbre de balancier, comme décrit dans l'article intitulé « Caractéristiques chronométriques du système Viroflex », de Christian Faivre et Germain Maillard, publié par la Société Suisse de Chronométrie, 56ème congrès, Neuchâtel, 23 et 24 octobre 1981.The ferrules found in the current watch movements are often made of steel or brass and usually deform plastically when they are driven on the balance shaft. However, resilient ferrules are also known capable of elastically tightening the balance shaft. The latter have several advantages, including that of being made in a brittle material such as silicon. They are for example in the form of a radially split ring, as described in the documents CH 490.703 , EP 1.302.821 and FR 1,376,018 , or a closed thin structure ensuring contact at different points with the balance shaft, as described in the article entitled "Chronometric characteristics of the Viroflex system" by Christian Faivre and Germain Maillard, published by the Swiss Chronometry Society , 56 th Congress, Neuchâtel, 23 and 24 October 1981.

Un inconvénient des viroles élastiques réside dans le fait qu'elles diminuent l'isochronisme du balancier-spiral. Dans le cas des viroles en forme de bague fendue radialement, la virole, en s'ouvrant pour recevoir l'arbre de balancier, voit en effet son centre de gravité se déplacer, ce qui génère un balourd dans le système balancier-spiral. Dans le cas de la virole en forme de courbe fermée telle qu'exposée dans l'article susmentionné, la forme régulière de la virole fait que le centre de gravité de cette dernière ne se déplace quasiment pas lors du chassage. En revanche, le point d'attache du spiral sur la virole, situé sur le pourtour de la virole, lui, se déplace, ce qui décentre le spiral.A disadvantage of elastic ferrules lies in the fact that they reduce the isochronism of the sprung balance. In the case of rings in the form of radially split ring, the shell, opening to receive the balance shaft, indeed sees its center of gravity move, which generates an imbalance in the balance spring system. In the case of the ferrule in the form of a closed curve as stated in the aforementioned article, the regular shape of the ferrule means that the center of gravity of the ferrule hardly moves during the driving. In contrast, the attachment point of the hairspring on the shell, located on the periphery of the shell, it moves, which decenter the hairspring.

La présente invention vise à fournir un ensemble virole-spiral comprenant une virole élastique qui soit équilibrée et qui, par rapport aux viroles élastiques conventionnelles, permette de réduire le déplacement du point d'attache du spiral sur la virole lors du chassage de cette dernière sur l'arbre de balancier et d'améliorer ainsi l'isochronisme du balancier-spiral.The present invention aims to provide a ferrule-spiral assembly comprising a resilient ferrule which is balanced and which, compared to conventional elastic ferrules, allows to reduce the displacement of the attachment point of the spiral on the ferrule when driving the latter on the balance shaft and thus improve the isochronism of the sprung balance.

A cette fin, il est prévu un ensemble virole-spiral selon la revendication 1 annexée, des modes de réalisation particuliers de cet ensemble virole-spiral étant définis dans les revendications dépendantes.To this end, there is provided a ferrule-spiral assembly according to claim 1 attached, particular embodiments of this ferrule-spiral assembly being defined in the dependent claims.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée suivante faite en référence à la figure annexée qui montre un ensemble virole-spiral selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention.Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following detailed description with reference to the attached figure which shows a ferrule-spiral assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

L'ensemble virole-spiral illustré sur la figure est réalisé en une seule pièce, typiquement en silicium. Il comporte une virole 1 et un ressort spiral 2 rattaché au niveau de son extrémité intérieure 20 à un point 3 sur le pourtour de la virole 1. L'ensemble virole-spiral est maintenu sur un arbre de balancier 4 à section circulaire par chassage de la virole 1 sur cet arbre 4. De manière connue en soi, l'extrémité extérieure 21 du spiral 2 est fixée à un piton 5.The ferrule-spiral assembly illustrated in the figure is made in one piece, typically silicon. It comprises a ferrule 1 and a spiral spring 2 attached at its inner end 20 to a point 3 on the periphery of the shell 1. The ferrule-spiral assembly is held on a balance shaft 4 with circular section by driving the ferrule 1 on this shaft 4. In a manner known per se, the outer end 21 of the spiral 2 is fixed to a peak 5.

La virole 1 comporte une structure flexible intérieure 10 recevant et serrant élastiquement l'arbre de balancier 4 et une structure de rigidification extérieure 11 entourant la structure flexible 10. La structure de rigidification 11 est rattachée à cette dernière en des points distincts 12a, 12b et 12c, définissant ainsi des évidements 13a, 13b et 13c entre les structures 10 et 11.The ferrule 1 comprises an inner flexible structure 10 elastically receiving and tightening the rocker shaft 4 and an external stiffening structure 11 surrounding the flexible structure 10. The stiffening structure 11 is attached to the latter at distinct points 12a, 12b and 12c, thus defining recesses 13a, 13b and 13c between the structures 10 and 11.

La structure flexible 10 est de préférence sous la forme d'une courbe fermée régulière, typiquement un polygone régulier, ayant un nombre déterminé de points de contact avec l'arbre de balancier 4, différents des points 12a, 12b, 12c de rattachement de la structure de rigidification 11 à la structure flexible 10. Dans l'exemple illustré, la structure flexible 10 est sensiblement en forme de triangle équilatéral et possède ainsi trois points de contact 14a, 14b et 14c avec l'arbre 4, et ses sommets correspondent aux points de rattachement précités 12a, 12b, 12c. L'élasticité de la structure 10 résulte de l'épaisseur, relativement mince, de cette dernière. Cette épaisseur est calculée de manière que la contrainte maximale exercée par l'arbre de balancier 4 sur la structure 10 soit inférieure à la limite élastique du matériau formant la virole 1, que la virole 1 s'accommode des tolérances de fabrication de l'arbre de balancier 4 et que la tenue de la virole 1 sur l'arbre 4 (couple de rotation, force de chassage) soit adéquate. Grâce à sa forme fermée et régulière, la structure flexible 10 a un centre de gravité G qui reste sensiblement le même avant et après le chassage sur l'arbre 4.The flexible structure 10 is preferably in the form of a regular closed curve, typically a regular polygon, having a determined number of points of contact with the balance shaft 4, different from the points 12a, 12b, 12c of attachment of the rigidification structure 11 to the flexible structure 10. In the example illustrated, the flexible structure 10 is substantially in the shape of an equilateral triangle and thus has three points of contact 14a, 14b and 14c with the shaft 4, and its vertices correspond to the aforementioned points of attachment 12a, 12b, 12c. The elasticity of the structure 10 results from the relatively thin, of the latter. This thickness is calculated so that the maximum stress exerted by the rocker shaft 4 on the structure 10 is less than the elastic limit of the material forming the ferrule 1, the ferrule 1 accommodates tolerances of manufacture of the shaft balance 4 and that the holding of the shell 1 on the shaft 4 (torque, driving force) is adequate. Thanks to its closed and regular shape, the flexible structure 10 has a center of gravity G which remains substantially the same before and after the driving on the shaft 4.

De préférence, la structure de rigidification 11 est également sous la forme d'une courbe fermée et entoure ainsi complètement la structure flexible 10. Dans l'exemple illustré, la structure de rigidification 11 a une forme similaire à celle de la structure flexible 10, c'est-à-dire sensiblement triangulaire équilatérale, mais ses sommets 15a, 15b, 15c, correspondant aux points de rattachement 12a, 12b, 12c, c'est-à-dire aux sommets du triangle équilatéral formé par la structure flexible 10, sont arrondis. Afin de rendre plus solide l'ensemble virole-spiral au voisinage du point 3 de rattachement de l'extrémité intérieure 20 du spiral 2 à la virole 1, plus précisément à la structure 11, ladite extrémité intérieure 20 constitue de préférence sensiblement un prolongement de l'un des sommets arrondis de la structure 11, à savoir le sommet 15a correspondant au point de rattachement 12a. On notera à cet égard que pour assurer une quasi-continuité de forme entre le sommet 15a de la structure de rigidification 11 et l'extrémité intérieure 20 du spiral 2, le sommet 15a, à la différence des sommets 15b, 15c, a un centre de courbure qui est distinct du centre de gravité G de la structure flexible 10. Pour rééquilibrer la virole 1, c'est-à-dire faire en sorte que son centre de gravité corresponde au centre de gravité G de la structure flexible 10 et soit ainsi sur l'axe de l'arbre de balancier 4, on prévoit sur cette virole 1 une zone de compensation, constituée par exemple par une surépaisseur variable e formée sur l'un des côtés du triangle défini par la structure de rigidification 11, en l'occurrence le côté situé entre les sommets 15b et 15c, comme illustré sur la figure. La forme et les dimensions de cette zone de compensation peuvent être déterminées de façon appropriée par une méthode de rééquilibrage connue en soi.Preferably, the stiffening structure 11 is also in the form of a closed curve and thus completely surrounds the flexible structure 10. In the example illustrated, the stiffening structure 11 has a shape similar to that of the flexible structure 10, that is to say substantially equilateral triangular, but its vertices 15a, 15b, 15c, corresponding to the points of attachment 12a, 12b, 12c, that is to say to the vertices of the equilateral triangle formed by the flexible structure 10, are rounded. In order to make the ferrule-spiral assembly near the point 3 of attachment of the inner end 20 of the spiral 2 to the ferrule 1, more specifically to the structure 11, the inner end 20 is preferably substantially an extension of one of the rounded vertices of the structure 11, namely the vertex 15a corresponding to the point of attachment 12a. It will be noted in this regard that to ensure a quasi-continuity of shape between the top 15a of the stiffening structure 11 and the inner end 20 of the hairspring 2, the top 15a, unlike the vertices 15b, 15c, has a center of curvature which is distinct from the center of gravity G of the flexible structure 10. To rebalance the shell 1, that is to say, to ensure that its center of gravity corresponds to the center of gravity G of the flexible structure 10 and thus on the axis of the balance shaft 4, there is provided on this shell 1 a compensation zone, constituted for example by a variable thickness e formed on one of the sides of the triangle defined by the stiffening structure 11, in the occurrence the side located between the vertices 15b and 15c, as illustrated in the figure. The shape and dimensions of this compensation zone can be appropriately determined by a rebalancing method known per se.

La structure de rigidification 11 a une épaisseur suffisante pour quasiment ne pas se déformer lors du chassage et pour qu'en particulier les points de rattachement 12a, 12b, 12c et donc les sommets 15a, 15b, 15c restent sensiblement fixes par rapport au centre de la virole 1 lors de ce chassage. Ainsi, dans l'invention, non seulement le centre de gravité de la virole 1 reste constant lors du chassage de l'ensemble virole-spiral sur l'arbre de balancier 4 mais également le point 3 de rattachement du spiral 2 à la virole 1. Il en découle une amélioration de l'isochronisme du balancier-spiral.The stiffening structure 11 has a thickness sufficient to almost not deform during the driving and that in particular the points of attachment 12a, 12b, 12c and therefore the vertices 15a, 15b, 15c remain substantially fixed relative to the center of the ferrule 1 during this hunting. Thus, in the invention, not only the center of gravity of the ferrule 1 remains constant during the driving of the ferrule-spiral assembly on the balance shaft 4 but also the point 3 of attachment of the spiral 2 to the ferrule 1 This results in an improvement of the isochronism of the sprung balance.

Claims (6)

  1. Collet-balance spring assembly comprising a collet (1) and a balance spring (2), the collet comprising a flexible structure (10) apt to elastically clamp an arbor (4) and a rigidifying structure (11) outside the flexible structure (10) and attached to this latter in at least one point (12a, 12b, 12c), characterised in that the flexible structure (10) has a closed and essentially equilateral triangular shape, in that the rigidifying structure (11) is attached to the flexible structure (10) in three points (12a, 12b, 12c) corresponding to the corners of the equilateral triangle defined by the flexible structure (10) and has rounded corners (15a, 15b, 15c) at the points of attachment (12a, 12b, 12c), in that the inner end (20) of the balance spring (2) is attached to the rigidifying structure (11) while essentially forming an extension of one (15a) of the said rounded corners, in that the said one (15a) of the rounded corners has a centre of curvature different from the centre of gravity (G) of the flexible structure, and in that the collet (1) comprises a compensation zone (e) conceived so that the centre of gravity of the collet (1) essentially corresponds to the centre of gravity (G) of the flexible structure (10).
  2. Collet-balance spring assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that the collet (1) consists of a single piece.
  3. Collet-balance spring assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the collet (1) is made of silicon.
  4. Collet-balance spring assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the compensation zone consists of an overthickness (e) formed on one side of the rigidifying structure (11).
  5. Collet-balance spring assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it consists of a single piece.
  6. Collet-balance spring assembly according to claim 5, characterised in that it is made of silicon.
EP08015682A 2003-09-02 2003-09-02 Horological collet Expired - Lifetime EP2003523B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03019944A EP1513029B1 (en) 2003-09-02 2003-09-02 Horological collet

Related Parent Applications (2)

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EP03019944A Division EP1513029B1 (en) 2003-09-02 2003-09-02 Horological collet
EP03019944.2 Division 2003-09-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2003523A1 EP2003523A1 (en) 2008-12-17
EP2003523B1 true EP2003523B1 (en) 2011-06-22

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EP08015682A Expired - Lifetime EP2003523B1 (en) 2003-09-02 2003-09-02 Horological collet
EP03019944A Expired - Lifetime EP1513029B1 (en) 2003-09-02 2003-09-02 Horological collet

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EP03019944A Expired - Lifetime EP1513029B1 (en) 2003-09-02 2003-09-02 Horological collet

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EP (2) EP2003523B1 (en)
AT (2) ATE411550T1 (en)
CH (1) CH698081B1 (en)
DE (1) DE60324141D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE517374T1 (en) 2004-08-31 2011-08-15 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve SPIRAL ROLL FOR WATCHES
DE602005020416D1 (en) * 2005-03-22 2010-05-20 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Assembly of a part with an axle
EP1722281A1 (en) * 2005-05-12 2006-11-15 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Analogue indicating organ in crystalline material, timepiece provided with such an indicating organ, and manufacturing method thereof
EP1886194A2 (en) 2005-05-14 2008-02-13 Gideon Levingston Balance spring, regulated balance wheel assembly and methods of manufacture thereof
GB0509886D0 (en) * 2005-05-14 2005-06-22 Levingston Gideon R Balance wheel mass and regulating element assembly and balance wheel and balance spring manufacturing processes for horolongical oscillator mechanisms
EP1826635B1 (en) 2006-02-24 2009-10-14 Patek, Philippe SA Resilient fastening device for horology
EP1850193B1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2019-06-12 Patek Philippe SA Genève Method of force fitting one piece in another piece
EP1857891A1 (en) * 2006-05-17 2007-11-21 Patek Philippe Sa Hairspring-collet assembly for a timepiece movement
WO2008029158A2 (en) 2006-09-08 2008-03-13 Gideon Levingston Thermally compensating balance wheel
ATE534940T1 (en) 2009-02-13 2011-12-15 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve CLOCK MOVEMENT COMPONENT
EP2442189A1 (en) * 2010-10-15 2012-04-18 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range
CN103930837B (en) 2011-09-29 2017-05-03 劳力士有限公司 Integral assembly of a hairspring and a collet
FR2992745B1 (en) 2012-06-28 2015-03-27 Philippe Rhul SPIRAL GUIDE OF LIGHT, IN-SITU CONTROL SYSTEM OF A WATCHING MOVEMENT EQUIPPED WITH THIS SPIRAL, AND PORTABLE CONTROL DEVICE
EP3023844B1 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-06-28 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Flexible ferrule
EP3401740B1 (en) * 2017-05-12 2021-03-31 Patek Philippe SA Genève Flashless timepiece setting component

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1376018A (en) 1963-10-26 1964-10-23 Virola Sa Watch ferrule
CH490703A (en) 1968-01-26 1970-01-30 Nivarox Sa Watch ferrule
CH1583371A4 (en) * 1971-02-10 1973-08-31
FR2731715B1 (en) * 1995-03-17 1997-05-16 Suisse Electronique Microtech MICRO-MECHANICAL PART AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
EP1302821A3 (en) 2001-10-10 2010-05-05 Franck Muller-Watchland SA Balance-spring for time measuring apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
DE60324141D1 (en) 2008-11-27
CH698081B1 (en) 2009-05-15
ATE514124T1 (en) 2011-07-15
ATE411550T1 (en) 2008-10-15
EP2003523A1 (en) 2008-12-17
EP1513029B1 (en) 2008-10-15
EP1513029A1 (en) 2005-03-09

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