EP1998023A2 - Turbo compressor - Google Patents

Turbo compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1998023A2
EP1998023A2 EP08156330A EP08156330A EP1998023A2 EP 1998023 A2 EP1998023 A2 EP 1998023A2 EP 08156330 A EP08156330 A EP 08156330A EP 08156330 A EP08156330 A EP 08156330A EP 1998023 A2 EP1998023 A2 EP 1998023A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling channel
housing
charging device
shaft
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08156330A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1998023B1 (en
EP1998023A3 (en
Inventor
Florian Rentz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BMTS Technology GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1998023A2 publication Critical patent/EP1998023A2/en
Publication of EP1998023A3 publication Critical patent/EP1998023A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1998023B1 publication Critical patent/EP1998023B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F01D25/125—Cooling of bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0072—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making objects with integrated channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00—Cooling of bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/005—Cooling of pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/23—Gas turbine engines
    • F16C2360/24—Turbochargers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a charging device, in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger for a motor vehicle.
  • a turbocharger such as an exhaust gas turbocharger, generally serves to increase the performance of piston engines by increasing the air flow and fuel flow rate per stroke.
  • non-supercharged piston engines so-called naturally aspirated engines
  • the suction of air through the pistons creates a negative pressure in the intake tract, which increases with increasing speed and thereby limits the power of the engine.
  • the counteracts the turbocharger by increasing the pressure in the intake manifold of the engine, so that during the intake stroke, a larger amount of air enters the cylinder than in a naturally aspirated engine and thereby more oxygen is available for combustion of a correspondingly larger amount of fuel.
  • a rotatably mounted shaft is arranged, which at one end has a compressor wheel and at the other end a turbine wheel. Due to the extremely high rotational speeds of the shaft during operation of the turbocharger, modern turbocharger housings have cooling passages which are connected to a cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine and, in particular, reduce a thermal load of the turbocharger. The thermal load exists in particular, in a very strong heating of the bearing housing by the residual heat on the turbine side, which can lead to coking of lubricating oil.
  • the cooling channel is usually arranged annularly around the shaft and communicatively connected to the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine.
  • a cooling channel is produced by providing a core, for example a salt or water sand core, at a location of the later cooling channel during a casting process of the turbocharger housing. This is removed after the casting process, so that the space released forms the cooling channel.
  • a core for example a salt or water sand core
  • the present invention addresses the problem of providing an improved embodiment for a charging device, in which in particular an improved cooling of the charging device can be achieved.
  • the invention is based on the general idea to form the cooling channel as a separate component and to integrate into a housing of the charging device.
  • the cooling channel is preferably delimited by a cooling channel jacket made of a metallic material, which differs from a metallic material of the housing. Since the cooling channel is now formed as a separate component, play during the casting of the housing of the charger possibly occurring blowholes no longer matter because they can no longer affect a tightness of the cooling channel. Since the tightness of the cooling channel is ensured by the cooling duct jacket manufactured separately, the cooling duct itself can also be placed much closer to the components or components of the charging device to be cooled.
  • the cooling channel formed according to the invention is arranged closely adjacent to a bearing of the shaft of the turbocharger and thereby coking of the lubricating oil can be reliably avoided due to the high temperatures occurring on the exhaust side.
  • the cooling channel made of steel, in particular made of stainless steel.
  • steel offers excellent thermal conductivity, allowing a high heat transfer is guaranteed and on the other forms a trained steel steel cooling jacket a high guarantee for the tightness of the cooling channel.
  • the cooling channel jacket is in direct contact with an oil channel of the oil lubrication of the shaft with a part of its outer side or at least runs closely adjacent to this oil channel in the housing.
  • a direct contact between the cooling channel jacket on the one hand and an oil passage with oil required for the lubrication of the shaft on the other hand guarantees excellent heat transfer between flowing in the cooling channel cooling medium and the oil for lubrication of the shaft, whereby a coking of the oil can be reliably avoided.
  • an outer side of the cooling channel jacket is designed as a direct bearing surface for the shaft, whereby a particularly effective cooling of the bearing can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 has a charging device 1 according to the invention, in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger for a motor vehicle, a shaft 3 mounted in a housing 2, which at one end carries a turbine wheel, not shown, and at the other end also a compressor wheel, also not shown.
  • the shaft 3 reaches in the operating state of the charging device 1 very high speeds and is also in a trained as exhaust gas turbocharger charger 1 with an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine in contact, causing high temperature loads occur.
  • the shaft 3 is usually stored in a so-called hydrodynamic sliding bearing. It is also conceivable storage of the shaft 3 on the housing 2 via so-called and not shown bearing rings.
  • the bearings are usually lubricated, in particular exposed to a permanent flow of oil. Due to the aforementioned high temperature loads, it can lead to coking of the oil, causing it to lose its lubricating effect.
  • the charging device 1 In order to keep the temperature load of the charging device 1 at a tolerable level, and in particular to be able to effectively prevent coking of the oil used for lubricating the shaft 3, the charging device 1 according to the invention has a cooling channel 4 arranged in the housing 2, which in particular extends annularly around the shaft 3.
  • the cooling channel 4 has a cooling channel jacket 5 made of a metallic material, for example made of steel, which differs from a metallic material of the housing 2.
  • a material for the housing 2 of the charging device 1 comes, for example, aluminum casting due to its good thermal conductivity and low weight into consideration.
  • this offers the great advantage that the cooling channel 4 can be placed much closer to the components to be cooled, for example, to a bearing of the shaft 3, since the cooling channel jacket 5 separately prepared ensures the tightness of the cooling channel 4.
  • a distance between the cooling channel 4 and the component to be cooled, for example the bearing of the shaft 3 must be selected to be significantly greater since a production of the cooling channel 4 as cavity is often accompanied by a voids formation which on the one hand can lead to a leakage of the later cooling channel 4 and on the other hand requires a greater minimum distance to adjacent, in particular to be cooled, components for sufficient stabilization of the cooling channel 4 or of the housing 2.
  • Fig. 1 can be seen further, is the cooling channel jacket 5 with a part of its outer side 6 in direct contact with an oil passage 7 of the oil lubrication of the shaft 3 and thereby enables a particularly good heat transfer between the cooling medium flowing in the cooling channel 4 and the oil to be cooled in the oil channel 7. Also possible would be a very closely adjacent to the oil passage 7 selected arrangement of the cooling channel 4, whereby also a high heat exchange can be achieved.
  • cooling channel jacket 5 in a formed of stainless steel cooling channel jacket 5 is also conceivable that the cooling channel jacket 5 with a part of its outer side 6 in direct contact with a bearing, in particular with a bearing ring, not shown, the shaft 3 or with the shaft 3 itself, whereby a direct cooling of the bearing of the shaft 3 is possible.
  • the cooling channel jacket 5 would have both the function of limiting the cooling channel 4 and at the same time to provide a bearing surface for a bearing ring or for the shaft 3.
  • cooling channel 4 embodied as a separate component according to the invention, it is possible to separate the oil channel 7 from the cooling channel 4 only by the wall thickness of the cooling channel jacket 5, thereby significantly increasing the cooling channel 4 and the oil channel 7 compared to hitherto separately molded cavities for the cooling channel 4 achieved less distance between the cooling medium and medium to be cooled and thus the cooling can be significantly improved.
  • the cooling channel 4 is formed either as a closed cooling channel 4 '(see. Fig. 2 ), wherein the cooling channel jacket 5 ', the cooling channel 4' completely encloses or that the cooling channel 4 as an open cooling channel 4 "is formed (see. Fig. 3 ), wherein the cooling channel jacket 5 "in this case encloses the cooling channel 4" only in regions.
  • a closed cooling channel 4 ' is initially manufactured separately and introduced into this prefabricated state in a mold of the housing 2.
  • the housing 2 of the charging device 1 is now poured around the, the cooling channel 4 'delimiting cooling channel jacket 5' around.
  • a connection is then created between the cooling channel 4' and the coolant circuit, for example through a bore.
  • the cooling channel 4 is designed as an open cooling channel 4 "
  • the cooling channel jacket 5" for casting the housing 2 of the charging device 1 is embedded in a water-sand core, which is removed again after the housing 2 has been cast. The removal of the water-sand core creates an opening which connects the cooling channel 4 "favorably with the coolant circuit.
  • a closed cooling channel 4 ' is shown, which is drilled in a region 8 and is connected via the region 8 with a connecting bore 9 with a coolant circuit, not shown.
  • cooling channel 4 which can be arranged significantly denser compared to a conventional cooling channel to the component to be cooled, for example, the oil passage 7 and the shaft 3, a significantly improved cooling of the charging device 1 is possible.
  • inventive design of the cooling channel 4 with a separately prepared and the cooling channel 4 limiting cooling channel jacket 5 the total on reduces the housing 2 acting thermal load and coking of the shaft 3 lubricating oil can be avoided.
  • the process reliability in the production of the housing 2 can be increased by the cooling channel 4 designed according to the invention, since blurring of hitherto separately arranged cores of the cooling channel 4 and the oil channel 7 can be avoided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The loading unit (1) has a shaft (3) supported in a housing (2), where the shaft bears a turbine wheel at one end and a compressor wheel at another end. A circular cooling channel (4) is arranged in the housing, where the cooling channel runs around the shaft for cooling a bearing of the shaft. The cooling channel includes a cooling channel coating (5) of metallic material, which differs from a metallic material of the housing. The cooling channel coating is formed from high-grade steel, and the housing is made from aluminum casting. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a housing of a loading unit with a cooling channel.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Ladeeinrichtung, insbesondere einen Abgasturbolader für ein Kraftfahrzeug.The present invention relates to a charging device, in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger for a motor vehicle.

Ein Turbolader, beispielsweise ein Abgasturbolader, dient im allgemeinen der Leistungssteigerung von Kolbenmotoren durch Erhöhung des Luftmengen- und Kraftstoffdurchsatzes pro Arbeitstakt. Bei nicht aufgeladenen Kolbenmotoren, sogenannten Saugmotoren, wird beim Ansaugen von Luft durch die Kolben ein Unterdruck im Ansaugtrakt erzeugt, der mit wachsender Drehzahl ansteigt und dadurch die Leistung des Motors begrenzt. Dem wirkt der Turbolader durch eine Erhöhung des Drucks im Ansaugtrakt des Motors entgegen, so dass während des Ansaugtaktes eine größere Menge Luft in den Zylinder gelangt als bei einem Saugmotor und dadurch mehr Sauerstoff zur Verbrennung einer entsprechend größeren Kraftstoffmenge zur Verfügung steht. Im Turbolader selbst ist eine drehbar gelagerte Welle angeordnet, welche einenends ein Verdichterrad und anderenends ein Turbinenrad aufweist. Durch die während des Betriebs des Turboladers extrem hohen Drehzahlen der Welle, weisen moderne Turboladergehäuse Kühlkanäle auf, die an einen Kühlkreislauf des Verbrennungsmotors angeschlossen sind und insbesondere eine thermische Belastung des Turboladers verringern. Die thermische Belastung besteht dabei insbesondere in einer sehr starken Erwärmung des Lagergehäuses durch die Restwärme auf der Turbinenseite, wodurch es zu einer Verkokung von Schmieröl kommen kann.A turbocharger, such as an exhaust gas turbocharger, generally serves to increase the performance of piston engines by increasing the air flow and fuel flow rate per stroke. In non-supercharged piston engines, so-called naturally aspirated engines, the suction of air through the pistons creates a negative pressure in the intake tract, which increases with increasing speed and thereby limits the power of the engine. The counteracts the turbocharger by increasing the pressure in the intake manifold of the engine, so that during the intake stroke, a larger amount of air enters the cylinder than in a naturally aspirated engine and thereby more oxygen is available for combustion of a correspondingly larger amount of fuel. In the turbocharger itself, a rotatably mounted shaft is arranged, which at one end has a compressor wheel and at the other end a turbine wheel. Due to the extremely high rotational speeds of the shaft during operation of the turbocharger, modern turbocharger housings have cooling passages which are connected to a cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine and, in particular, reduce a thermal load of the turbocharger. The thermal load exists in particular, in a very strong heating of the bearing housing by the residual heat on the turbine side, which can lead to coking of lubricating oil.

Der Kühlkanal ist dabei üblicherweise ringförmig um die Welle angeordnet und kommunizierend mit dem Kühlkreislauf des Verbrennungsmotors verbunden. Hergestellt wird ein derartiger Kühlkanal, indem während eines Gießvorganges des Turboladergehäuses an der Stelle des späteren Kühlkanals ein Kern, beispielsweise ein Salz- oder Wasser-Sandkern vorgesehen ist. Dieser wird nach dem Gießvorgang entfernt, so dass der freiwerdende Raum den Kühlkanal bildet. Hierbei ist jedoch darauf zu achten, dass aufgrund einer unvorhersehbaren Lunkerbildung ein Minimalabstand zu anderen Bauteilen beziehungsweise zu einem freien Rand des Turboladergehäuses nicht unterschritten wird, da es ansonsten zu einer ungewollten Leckage kommen kann. Ein großer Abstand zu den kühlenden Bauteilen, beispielsweise zu der Welle, vermindert jedoch die Kühlleistung und erhöht dadurch die Temperaturbelastung für den Turbolader.The cooling channel is usually arranged annularly around the shaft and communicatively connected to the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine. Such a cooling channel is produced by providing a core, for example a salt or water sand core, at a location of the later cooling channel during a casting process of the turbocharger housing. This is removed after the casting process, so that the space released forms the cooling channel. However, it should be ensured that due to an unpredictable voids formation a minimum distance to other components or to a free edge of the turbocharger housing is not exceeded, otherwise there may be an unwanted leakage. However, a large distance to the cooling components, for example to the shaft, reduces the cooling capacity and thereby increases the temperature load for the turbocharger.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem, eine verbesserte Ausführungsform für eine Ladeeinrichtung anzugeben, bei welcher insbesondere eine verbesserte Kühlung der Ladeeinrichtung erreicht werden kann.The present invention addresses the problem of providing an improved embodiment for a charging device, in which in particular an improved cooling of the charging device can be achieved.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, den Kühlkanal als separates Bauteil auszubilden und in ein Gehäuse der Ladeeinrichtung zu integrieren. Hierbei wird der Kühlkanal vorzugsweise von einem Kühlkanalmantel aus einem metallischen Werkstoff begrenzt, welcher sich von einem metallischen Werkstoff des Gehäuses unterscheidet. Da der Kühlkanal nunmehr als separates Bauteil ausgebildet ist, spielen beim Gießen des Gehäuses der Ladeeinrichtung eventuell auftretenden Lunkerbildungen keine Rolle mehr, da diese eine Dichtheit des Kühlkanals nicht mehr beeinträchtigen können. Da die Dichtigkeit des Kühlkanals durch den separat hergestellten Kühlkanalmantel gewährleistet ist, kann der Kühlkanal selbst zudem deutlich näher an die zu kühlenden Komponenten beziehungsweise Bauteile der Ladeeinrichtung gelegt werden. Diese räumliche Nähe zwischen dem Kühlkanal einerseits und den zu kühlenden Komponenten beziehungsweise Bauteile der Ladeeinrichtung andererseits verbessert die Wärmeübertragung, wodurch sich die Temperaturbelastung der Ladeeinrichtung insgesamt deutlich absenkt. So ist beispielsweise denkbar, dass der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Kühlkanal eng benachbart zu einem Lager der Welle des Turboladers angeordnet ist und dadurch eine Verkokung des Schmieröls aufgrund der hohen auf der Abgasseite auftretenden Temperaturen zuverlässig vermieden werden kann.The invention is based on the general idea to form the cooling channel as a separate component and to integrate into a housing of the charging device. In this case, the cooling channel is preferably delimited by a cooling channel jacket made of a metallic material, which differs from a metallic material of the housing. Since the cooling channel is now formed as a separate component, play during the casting of the housing of the charger possibly occurring blowholes no longer matter because they can no longer affect a tightness of the cooling channel. Since the tightness of the cooling channel is ensured by the cooling duct jacket manufactured separately, the cooling duct itself can also be placed much closer to the components or components of the charging device to be cooled. This spatial proximity between the cooling channel on the one hand and the components or components of the charging device to be cooled on the other hand improves the heat transfer, as a result of which the temperature load on the charging device as a whole is significantly reduced. Thus, for example, it is conceivable that the cooling channel formed according to the invention is arranged closely adjacent to a bearing of the shaft of the turbocharger and thereby coking of the lubricating oil can be reliably avoided due to the high temperatures occurring on the exhaust side.

Zweckmäßig ist der Kühlkanal aus Stahl, insbesondere aus Edelstahl ausgebildet. Stahl bietet zum einen hervorragende Wärmeleiteigenschaften, so dass eine hohe Wärmeübertragung gewährleistet ist und zum anderen bildet ein aus Stahl ausgebildeter Kühlkanalmantel eine hohe Gewähr für die Dichtigkeit des Kühlkanals.Suitably, the cooling channel made of steel, in particular made of stainless steel. On the one hand, steel offers excellent thermal conductivity, allowing a high heat transfer is guaranteed and on the other forms a trained steel steel cooling jacket a high guarantee for the tightness of the cooling channel.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung steht der Kühlkanalmantel mit einem Teil seiner Außenseite in direktem Kontakt mit einem Ölkanal der Ölschmierung der Welle oder verläuft zumindest eng benachbart zu diesem Ölkanal im Gehäuse. Ein direkter Kontakt zwischen dem Kühlkanalmantel einerseits und einem Ölkanal mit für die Schmierung der Welle erforderlichen Öl andererseits garantiert dabei eine hervorragende Wärmeübertragung zwischen einem im Kühlkanal fließenden Kühlmedium und dem Öl zur Schmierung der Welle, wodurch eine Verkokung des Öls zuverlässig vermieden werden kann. Insbesondere ist hierbei auch denkbar, dass eine Außenseite des Kühlkanalmantels als direkte Lagerfläche für die Welle ausgebildet ist, wodurch eine besonders effektive Kühlung der Lagerung erzielt werden kann.In a further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the cooling channel jacket is in direct contact with an oil channel of the oil lubrication of the shaft with a part of its outer side or at least runs closely adjacent to this oil channel in the housing. A direct contact between the cooling channel jacket on the one hand and an oil passage with oil required for the lubrication of the shaft on the other hand guarantees excellent heat transfer between flowing in the cooling channel cooling medium and the oil for lubrication of the shaft, whereby a coking of the oil can be reliably avoided. In particular, it is also conceivable that an outer side of the cooling channel jacket is designed as a direct bearing surface for the shaft, whereby a particularly effective cooling of the bearing can be achieved.

Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder ähnliche oder funktional gleiche Bauteile beziehen.Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.

Es zeigen, jeweils schematisch,

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Lade-einrichtung mit einem Kühlkanal,
Fig. 2
eine Ansicht auf einen geschlossen ausgeführten Kühlkanal,
Fig. 3
eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 2, jedoch bei einem offenen Kühlkanal.
Show, in each case schematically,
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through a charging device according to the invention with a cooling channel,
Fig. 2
a view of a closed running cooling channel,
Fig. 3
a representation like in Fig. 2 , but with an open cooling channel.

Entsprechend Fig. 1 weist eine erfindungsgemäße Ladeeinrichtung 1, insbesondere ein Abgasturbolader für ein Kraftfahrzeug, eine in einem Gehäuse 2 gelagerte Welle 3 auf, die einenends ein nicht gezeigtes Turbinenrad und anderenends ein ebenfalls nicht gezeigtes Verdichterrad trägt. Die Welle 3 erreicht dabei im Betriebszustand der Ladeeinrichtung 1 sehr hohe Drehzahlen und steht darüber hinaus bei einer als Abgasturbolader ausgebildeten Ladeeinrichtung 1 mit einem Abgasstrom eines Verbrennungsmotors in Kontakt, wodurch hohe Temperaturbelastungen auftreten. Um die hohen Drehzahlen der Welle 3 auch über längere Zeit problemlos aufnehmen zu können, ist die Welle 3 üblicherweise in einem sogenannten hydrodynamischen Gleitlager gelagert. Denkbar ist aber auch eine Lagerung der Welle 3 am Gehäuse 2 über sogenannte und nicht dargestellte Lagerringe. Um eine möglichst reibungsarme Lagerung zu erreichen, werden die Lager üblicherweise geschmiert, insbesondere einem permanenten Ölstrom ausgesetzt. Aufgrund der vorher genannten hohen Temperaturbelastungen, kann es dabei zu einer Verkokung des Öls kommen, wodurch dieses seine Schmierwirkung verliert.Corresponding Fig. 1 has a charging device 1 according to the invention, in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger for a motor vehicle, a shaft 3 mounted in a housing 2, which at one end carries a turbine wheel, not shown, and at the other end also a compressor wheel, also not shown. The shaft 3 reaches in the operating state of the charging device 1 very high speeds and is also in a trained as exhaust gas turbocharger charger 1 with an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine in contact, causing high temperature loads occur. In order to be able to record the high speeds of the shaft 3 without problems for a long time, the shaft 3 is usually stored in a so-called hydrodynamic sliding bearing. It is also conceivable storage of the shaft 3 on the housing 2 via so-called and not shown bearing rings. In order to achieve the lowest possible friction bearing, the bearings are usually lubricated, in particular exposed to a permanent flow of oil. Due to the aforementioned high temperature loads, it can lead to coking of the oil, causing it to lose its lubricating effect.

Um die Temperaturbelastung der Ladeeinrichtung 1 insgesamt auf einem erträglichen Niveau halten zu können, und um insbesondere eine Verkokung des zur Schmierung der Welle 3 verwendeten Öls wirkungsvoll vermeiden zu können, weist die erfindungsgemäße Ladeeinrichtung 1 einen in dem Gehäuse 2 angeordneten Kühlkanal 4 auf, welcher insbesondere ringförmig um die Welle 3 verläuft. Dabei weist der Kühlkanal 4 einen Kühlkanalmantel 5 aus einem metallischen Werkstoff, beispielsweise aus Stahl auf, welcher sich von einem metallischen Werkstoff des Gehäuses 2 unterscheidet. Als Material für das Gehäuse 2 der Ladeeinrichtung 1 kommt beispielsweise Aluminiumguss aufgrund seiner guten Wärmeleiteigenschaften und seines geringen Gewichtes in Betracht.In order to keep the temperature load of the charging device 1 at a tolerable level, and in particular to be able to effectively prevent coking of the oil used for lubricating the shaft 3, the charging device 1 according to the invention has a cooling channel 4 arranged in the housing 2, which in particular extends annularly around the shaft 3. In this case, the cooling channel 4 has a cooling channel jacket 5 made of a metallic material, for example made of steel, which differs from a metallic material of the housing 2. As a material for the housing 2 of the charging device 1 comes, for example, aluminum casting due to its good thermal conductivity and low weight into consideration.

Der Kühlkanal 4, welcher von dem Kühlkanalmantel 5 begrenzt wird, bildet somit eine separate Baugruppe, welche bei der Herstellung des Gehäuses 2 der Ladeeinrichtung 1 in einer Gießform für das Gehäuse 2 angeordnet und in einem späteren Fertigungsschritt umgossen wird. Im Vergleich zu einem lediglich als Hohlraum im Gehäuse 2 ausgebildeten Kühlkanal 4 bietet dies den großen Vorteil, dass der Kühlkanal 4 deutlich dichter an die zu kühlenden Komponenten, beispielsweise an ein Lager der Welle 3 gelegt werden kann, da der separat hergestellte Kühlkanalmantel 5 die Dichtigkeit des Kühlkanales 4 gewährleistet. Bei einem lediglich als Hohlraum im Gehäuse 2 ausgebildeten Kühlkanal 4 muss ein Abstand zwischen dem Kühlkanal 4 und dem zu kühlenden Bauteil, beispielsweise dem Lager der Welle 3, deutlich größer gewählt werden, da eine Herstellung des Kühlkanales 4 als Hohlraum oftmals von einer Lunkerbildung begleitet wird, welche einerseits zu einer Leckage des späteren Kühlkanales 4 führen kann und andererseits zur ausreichenden Stabilisierung des Kühlkanales 4 beziehungsweise des Gehäuses 2 einen größeren Mindestabstand zu benachbarten, insbesondere zu kühlenden, Bauteilen benötigt.The cooling channel 4, which is bounded by the cooling channel jacket 5, thus forms a separate assembly, which is arranged in the manufacture of the housing 2 of the charging device 1 in a mold for the housing 2 and encapsulated in a later manufacturing step. Compared to one only As a cavity in the housing 2 formed cooling channel 4, this offers the great advantage that the cooling channel 4 can be placed much closer to the components to be cooled, for example, to a bearing of the shaft 3, since the cooling channel jacket 5 separately prepared ensures the tightness of the cooling channel 4. In a cooling channel 4 designed only as a hollow space in the housing 2, a distance between the cooling channel 4 and the component to be cooled, for example the bearing of the shaft 3, must be selected to be significantly greater since a production of the cooling channel 4 as cavity is often accompanied by a voids formation which on the one hand can lead to a leakage of the later cooling channel 4 and on the other hand requires a greater minimum distance to adjacent, in particular to be cooled, components for sufficient stabilization of the cooling channel 4 or of the housing 2.

Wie der Fig. 1 weiter zu entnehmen ist, steht der Kühlkanalmantel 5 mit einem Teil seiner Außenseite 6 in direktem Kontakt mit einem Ölkanal 7 der Ölschmierung der Welle 3 und ermöglicht dadurch eine besonders gute Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem im Kühlkanal 4 strömenden Kühlmedium und dem im Ölkanal 7 zu kühlenden Öl. Ebenfalls möglich wäre eine sehr eng benachbart zu dem Ölkanal 7 gewählte Anordnung des Kühlkanals 4, wodurch ebenfalls ein hoher Wärmetausch erreicht werden kann.Again Fig. 1 can be seen further, is the cooling channel jacket 5 with a part of its outer side 6 in direct contact with an oil passage 7 of the oil lubrication of the shaft 3 and thereby enables a particularly good heat transfer between the cooling medium flowing in the cooling channel 4 and the oil to be cooled in the oil channel 7. Also possible would be a very closely adjacent to the oil passage 7 selected arrangement of the cooling channel 4, whereby also a high heat exchange can be achieved.

Insbesondere bei einem aus Edelstahl ausgebildeten Kühlkanalmantel 5 ist darüber hinaus vorstellbar, dass der Kühlkanalmantel 5 mit einem Teil seiner Außenseite 6 in direktem Kontakt mit einem Lager, insbesondere mit einem nicht gezeigten Lagerring, der Welle 3 oder mit der Welle 3 selbst steht, wodurch eine direkte Kühlung des Lagers der Welle 3 möglich ist. In diesem Falle hätte der Kühlkanalmantel 5 sowohl die Funktion den Kühlkanal 4 zu begrenzen als auch gleichzeitig eine Lagerfläche für einen Lagerring beziehungsweise für die Welle 3 bereitzustellen.In particular, in a formed of stainless steel cooling channel jacket 5 is also conceivable that the cooling channel jacket 5 with a part of its outer side 6 in direct contact with a bearing, in particular with a bearing ring, not shown, the shaft 3 or with the shaft 3 itself, whereby a direct cooling of the bearing of the shaft 3 is possible. In this case, the cooling channel jacket 5 would have both the function of limiting the cooling channel 4 and at the same time to provide a bearing surface for a bearing ring or for the shaft 3.

Durch den erfindungsgemäß als separates Bauteil ausgebildeten Kühlkanal 4 ist es möglich, den Ölkanal 7 nur durch die Wandstärke des Kühlkanalmantels 5 vom Kühlkanal 4 zu trennen, wodurch im Vergleich zu bisher in der Gussform separat vergossenen Hohlräumen für den Kühlkanal 4 und den Ölkanal 7 ein deutlich geringerer Abstand zwischen Kühlmedium und zu kühlendem Medium erreicht und damit die Kühlung deutlich verbessert werden kann.By virtue of the cooling channel 4 embodied as a separate component according to the invention, it is possible to separate the oil channel 7 from the cooling channel 4 only by the wall thickness of the cooling channel jacket 5, thereby significantly increasing the cooling channel 4 and the oil channel 7 compared to hitherto separately molded cavities for the cooling channel 4 achieved less distance between the cooling medium and medium to be cooled and thus the cooling can be significantly improved.

Prinzipiell ist es dabei möglich, dass der Kühlkanal 4 entweder als geschlossener Kühlkanal 4' ausgebildet ist (vgl. Fig. 2), wobei der Kühlkanalmantel 5' den Kühlkanal 4' vollständig umschließt oder dass der Kühlkanal 4 als offener Kühlkanal 4" ausgebildet ist (vgl. Fig. 3), wobei der Kühlkanalmantel 5" in diesem Fall den Kühlkanal 4" lediglich bereichsweise umschließt.In principle, it is possible that the cooling channel 4 is formed either as a closed cooling channel 4 '(see. Fig. 2 ), wherein the cooling channel jacket 5 ', the cooling channel 4' completely encloses or that the cooling channel 4 as an open cooling channel 4 "is formed (see. Fig. 3 ), wherein the cooling channel jacket 5 "in this case encloses the cooling channel 4" only in regions.

Ein geschlossener Kühlkanal 4' wird dabei zunächst separat gefertigt und in diesem vorgefertigten Zustand in eine Gießform des Gehäuses 2 eingebracht. In einem darauf folgenden Arbeitsschritt wird nun das Gehäuse 2 der Ladeeinrichtung 1 um den, den Kühlkanal 4' begrenzenden Kühlkanalmantel 5' herumgegossen. Um den Kühlkanal 4' mit einem Kühlmittelkreislauf des Verbrennungsmotors verbinden zu können, wird anschließend eine Verbindung zwischen dem Kühlkanal 4' und dem Kühlmittelkreislauf, beispielsweise durch eine Bohrung, geschaffen.A closed cooling channel 4 'is initially manufactured separately and introduced into this prefabricated state in a mold of the housing 2. In a following Working step, the housing 2 of the charging device 1 is now poured around the, the cooling channel 4 'delimiting cooling channel jacket 5' around. In order to be able to connect the cooling channel 4 'to a coolant circuit of the internal combustion engine, a connection is then created between the cooling channel 4' and the coolant circuit, for example through a bore.

Wird der Kühlkanal 4 dagegen als offener Kühlkanal 4" ausgebildet, so wird der Kühlkanalmantel 5" zum Gießen des Gehäuses 2 der Ladeeinrichtung 1 in einen Wasser-Sandkern eingebettet, welcher nach dem Gießen des Gehäuses 2 wieder entfernt wird. Dabei schafft das Entfernen des Wasser-Sandkerns eine Öffnung, welche den Kühlkanal 4" günstigerweise mit dem Kühlmittelkreislauf verbindet.If, on the other hand, the cooling channel 4 is designed as an open cooling channel 4 ", the cooling channel jacket 5" for casting the housing 2 of the charging device 1 is embedded in a water-sand core, which is removed again after the housing 2 has been cast. The removal of the water-sand core creates an opening which connects the cooling channel 4 "favorably with the coolant circuit.

In Fig. 1 ist ein geschlossener Kühlkanal 4' gezeigt, welcher in einem Bereich 8 angebohrt ist und über den Bereich 8 mit einer Verbindungsbohrung 9 mit einem nicht gezeigten Kühlmittelkreislauf verbunden ist.In Fig. 1 a closed cooling channel 4 'is shown, which is drilled in a region 8 and is connected via the region 8 with a connecting bore 9 with a coolant circuit, not shown.

Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Kühlkanal 4, welcher im Vergleich zu einem herkömmlichen Kühlkanal deutlich dichter zu dem zu kühlenden Bauteil, beispielsweise dem Ölkanal 7 beziehungsweise der Welle 3 angeordnet werden kann, ist eine deutlich verbesserte Kühlung der Ladeeinrichtung 1 möglich. Insbesondere kann durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Kühlkanals 4 mit einem separat hergestellten und den Kühlkanal 4 begrenzenden Kühlkanalmantel 5 die insgesamt auf das Gehäuse 2 wirkende thermische Belastung reduziert und eine Verkokung von die Welle 3 schmierendem Öl vermieden werden. Auch kann durch den erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Kühlkanal 4 die Prozesssicherheit bei der Herstellung des Gehäuses 2 gesteigert werden, da ein Verschwimmen von bisher getrennt zueinander angeordneten Kernen des Kühlkanals 4 und des Ölkanals 7 vermieden werden kann.By cooling channel 4 according to the invention, which can be arranged significantly denser compared to a conventional cooling channel to the component to be cooled, for example, the oil passage 7 and the shaft 3, a significantly improved cooling of the charging device 1 is possible. In particular, by the inventive design of the cooling channel 4 with a separately prepared and the cooling channel 4 limiting cooling channel jacket 5 the total on reduces the housing 2 acting thermal load and coking of the shaft 3 lubricating oil can be avoided. Also, the process reliability in the production of the housing 2 can be increased by the cooling channel 4 designed according to the invention, since blurring of hitherto separately arranged cores of the cooling channel 4 and the oil channel 7 can be avoided.

Claims (9)

Ladeeinrichtung (1), insbesondere ein Abgasturbolader für ein Kraftfahrzeug, - mit einer in einem Gehäuse (2) gelagerten Welle (3), die einenends ein Turbinenrad und anderenends ein Verdichterrad trägt, - mit einem in dem Gehäuse (2) angeordneten Kühlkanal (4), insbesondere einem ringförmig um die Welle (3) verlaufenden Kühlkanal (4), zur Kühlung der Ladeeinrichtung (1), insbesondere zur Kühlung einer Lagerung der Welle (3), - wobei der Kühlkanal (4) einen Kühlkanalmantel (5) aus einem metallischen Werkstoff aufweist, welcher sich von einem metallischen Werkstoff des Gehäuses (2) unterscheidet. Charging device (1), in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger for a motor vehicle, - with a shaft (3) mounted in a housing (2) bearing at one end a turbine wheel and at the other end a compressor wheel, with a cooling channel (4) arranged in the housing (2), in particular a cooling channel (4) running annularly around the shaft (3), for cooling the charging device (1), in particular for cooling a bearing of the shaft (3), - Wherein the cooling channel (4) has a cooling channel jacket (5) made of a metallic material, which differs from a metallic material of the housing (2). Ladeeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Kühlkanalmantel (5) aus Stahl, insbesondere aus Edelstahl, ausgebildet ist.Charging device according to claim 1,
characterized,
is that the cooling channel cover (5) consists of steel, in particular stainless steel is formed. Ladeeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Gehäuse (2) der Ladeeinrichtung (1) aus Metallguss, insbesondere aus Aluminiumguss hergestellt ist.Charging device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the housing (2) is made of the charging device (1) made of metal casting, especially aluminum casting. Ladeeinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Kühlkanalmantel (5) mit einem Teil seiner Außenseite (6) in direktem Kontakt mit einem Ölkanal (7) der Ölschmierung der Welle (3) steht oder zumindest eng benachbart zu diesem Ölkanal (7) im Gehäuse (2) verläuft.Charging device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the cooling channel cover (5) with part of its outer side (6) is in direct contact with an oil passage (7) of the oil lubrication of the shaft (3) or at least closely adjacent to said oil passage (7) in the housing (2). Ladeeinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Kühlkanalmantel (5) mit einem Teil seiner Außenseite (6) in direktem Kontakt mit einem Lagerring der Welle (3) oder mit der Welle (3) selbst steht.Charging device according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the cooling channel jacket (5) with a part of its outer side (6) is in direct contact with a bearing ring of the shaft (3) or with the shaft (3) itself. Ladeeinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Kühlkanal (4) als geschlossener Kühlkanal (4') ausgebildet ist, wobei der Kühlkanalmantel (5') den Kühlkanal (4') vollständig umschließt.Charging device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that the cooling channel (4) as a closed cooling channel (4 ') is formed, wherein the cooling channel cover (5') completely enclosing the cooling channel (4 '). Ladeeinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Kühlkanal (4) als offener Kühlkanal (4") ausgebildet ist, wobei der Kühlkanalmantel (5") den Kühlkanal (4") lediglich teilweise umschließt.Charging device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that the cooling channel (4) as an open coolant channel (4 ") is formed, wherein the cooling channel cover (5") only partially surrounds the cooling channel (4 "). Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gehäuses (2) einer Ladeeinrichtung (1) mit einem darin angeordneten Kühlkanal (4), insbesondere eines Gehäuses (2) einer Ladeeinrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Kühlkanalmantel (5) als vorgefertigte Baugruppe in einer Gießform des Gehäuses (2) angeordnet wird und das Gehäuse der Ladeeinrichtung (1) in einem darauf folgenden Arbeitsschritt um den den Kühlkanal (4) begrenzenden Kühlkanalmantel (5) herumgegossen wird.Method for producing a housing (2) of a charging device (1) with a cooling channel arranged therein (4), in particular a housing (2) of a charging device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the cooling channel cover (5) is arranged as a prefabricated assembly in a mold of the housing (2) and the housing of the charging device (1) in a subsequent step to the cooling channel (4) delimiting the cooling channel cover (5) is around poured. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass der Kühlkanal (4) als geschlossener Kühlkanal (4') ausgebildet ist und nach dem Gießen des Gehäuses (2) der Ladeeinrichtung (1) der Kühlkanalmantel (5') angebohrt wird, um den Kühlkanal (4') mit einem Kühlmittelkreislauf zu verbinden, oder - dass der Kühlkanal (4) als offener Kühlkanal (4") ausgebildet ist und der Kühlkanalmantel (5") zum Gießen des Gehäuses (2) der Ladeeinrichtung (1) in einen Wasser-Sandkern eingebettet wird, der nach dem Gießen des Gehäuses entfernt wird und eine Verbindung zu einem Kühlmittelkreislauf schafft. Method according to claim 8,
characterized, - That the cooling channel (4) as a closed cooling channel (4 ') is formed and after the casting of the housing (2) of the charging device (1) of the cooling channel jacket (5') is drilled to the cooling channel (4 ') with a coolant circuit to connect, or - That the cooling channel (4) as an open cooling channel (4 ") is formed and the cooling channel jacket (5") for casting the housing (2) of the charging device (1) is embedded in a water-sand core, which removes after casting of the housing and connects to a coolant loop.
EP08156330A 2007-05-30 2008-05-16 Turbo compressor Expired - Fee Related EP1998023B1 (en)

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WO2016026490A1 (en) * 2014-08-18 2016-02-25 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Bearing ring and layer by layer method for producing a bearing ring

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WO2001029426A1 (en) * 1999-10-20 2001-04-26 Abb Turbo Systems Ag Method and device for the indirect cooling of a flow regime in radial slits formed between the rotors and stators of turbomachines
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JP4692820B2 (en) * 2005-08-11 2011-06-01 株式会社Ｉｈｉ Supercharger with electric motor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016015728A1 (en) * 2014-07-30 2016-02-04 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Bearing ring and method for producing a bearing ring
WO2016026490A1 (en) * 2014-08-18 2016-02-25 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Bearing ring and layer by layer method for producing a bearing ring
US10287912B2 (en) 2014-08-18 2019-05-14 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Bearing ring and layer by layer method for manufacturing a bearing ring

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