EP1991865A2 - Method and device for testing the quality of a metallic coating - Google Patents

Method and device for testing the quality of a metallic coating

Info

Publication number
EP1991865A2
EP1991865A2 EP07704707A EP07704707A EP1991865A2 EP 1991865 A2 EP1991865 A2 EP 1991865A2 EP 07704707 A EP07704707 A EP 07704707A EP 07704707 A EP07704707 A EP 07704707A EP 1991865 A2 EP1991865 A2 EP 1991865A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
punch
metallic
quality
change
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07704707A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1991865B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Birkenstock
Peter HEIDBÜCHEL
Michael Linnepe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Steel AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Steel AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Steel AG
Publication of EP1991865A2 publication Critical patent/EP1991865A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1991865B1 publication Critical patent/EP1991865B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/22—Deep-drawing with devices for holding the edge of the blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/26—Deep-drawing for making peculiarly, e.g. irregularly, shaped articles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/20—Metals
    • G01N33/208—Coatings, e.g. platings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the quality of a metallic surface of a metallic substrate, in particular a substrate made of steel or a steel alloy, and a device for determining the quality of a metallic surface of a metallic substrate with a die, a blank holder and a stamp, with which the Substrate is formed to produce a drawn sketchflache.
  • a variety of methods are known in the art for testing the surface finish of a metallic substrate. For example, it is known from DE 101 11 296 A1 to make the surface finish of a flat product by evaluating electronic images of the surface of the flat product. Information about whether and for which forming processes the surface and / or the coating is suitable can not be obtained by the known method.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a generic method and a generic device for determining the quality of a metallic coating on a metallic substrate at your disposal, with which or with which the quality of the metallic coating application specific, especially with regard to a later transformation can be checked.
  • the above-described object is achieved for a generic method by forming the substrate at least in the area of a pruflache, the main and secondary shape change of the substrate in the area of the test bed being related to the later application of the substrate, assume predetermined values and after forming the quality of the metallic surface of the test laminate is checked.
  • the sheet metal parts used in various areas of a vehicle are subjected to different degrees of deformation during production.
  • metallic substrates for automotive roof structures are exposed to relatively minor major changes in shape of about 1-2%.
  • main shape changes of about 5% typically occur.
  • the substrate in a Forming tool pulled with a stamp, for example, and set the main shape change over the drawing depth, so that the main shape change can be easily reproducible introduced into the metallic substrate.
  • a determination of the quality of the metallic surface of a metallic substrate for vehicle body panels may be achieved by not more than 7% major change in the substrate in the region of the test area, as these are the typical maximum values for major changes in shape of automotive body panels during manufacture.
  • the secondary shape changes are also in a typical, application-specific range.
  • Possible defects on the surface of a metallic substrate can, according to a next further developed embodiment of the method according to the invention, be recognized more easily by grinding the test surface after the forming.
  • caused by the grinding of the test surface caused by the manufacturing process errors on the metallic surface can be made visible.
  • the substrate sheets with a maximum thickness of 1.5 mm preferably with a thickness of 0.3 mm to 1 mm and a strength of at most 500 MPa, preferably 140 to 500 MPa used, since these are particularly good properties in terms their use as outer skin parts in vehicle construction.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for finding defects of metallic coatings, in particular of galvanically (electrolytically) galvanized or hot-dip galvanized coatings.
  • metallic coatings in particular of galvanically (electrolytically) galvanized or hot-dip galvanized coatings.
  • coated substrates are, as already stated, preferably used in vehicle construction for exterior skin parts.
  • the above-described object is achieved by a generic device in that the stamp is designed so that in the area of the test surface of the formed substrate, the main shape change a maximum of 7% and the secondary shape change between -2% and +2% , preferably close to 0%.
  • the stamp designed according to the invention specific main shape changes are produced in the test surface with respect to the application, for example as the outer skin part of a motor vehicle, which permits a practical determination of the quality of the metallic coating, in particular with regard to further processing of the substrate.
  • the punch has a length of at least 400 mm and a width of at least 250 mm in order to produce the largest possible test surface.
  • the test surface is adapted to the application-specific sizes of the metallic substrates when used in vehicle construction, so that the determination of the quality of the metallic Coating the test area a representative statement about the quality of the coating of the entire metallic substrate allows.
  • the direction of the major change in shape is specified by the fact that the punch has an end face with a curvature in the direction of the main shape change with a radius of curvature of 500 to 2000 mm, preferably 1000 mm. Due to the curvature of the end face of the stamp, the main shape change is precisely determined during forming, in particular during drawing. Due to the large radius of curvature, the main shape change is very homogeneous over the entire test area.
  • edge radius between the end face of the punch and two lateral surfaces of the punch extending transversely to the main deformation direction is 20 to 80 mm, preferably 40 mm, flow of the material of the substrate in the direction of the main deformation is additionally promoted.
  • the test surface therefore also has, at its corresponding edge regions, the main shape change set via the drawing depth.
  • the minor change in shape is limited by the fact that the edge radius between the end face of the punch and two parallel to the main deformation direction extending side surfaces of the punch between 2 and 10 mm, preferably 5 mm.
  • the sharp edge radius substantially prevents a flow movement in the direction of the secondary shape change, ie transversely to the main deformation direction.
  • the main shape change as well the minor change is thus fixed in a simple manner.
  • the edges between the side surfaces of the punch have an edge radius of 50 to 100 mm, preferably 70 mm.
  • the regions of the metallic substrate that take part in the forming during the drawing are preferably limited by the fact that the die has two beads, which are perpendicular to the direction of the main forming change and are arranged on both sides of the recess of the die, which are also called drawing strips.
  • the beads under-press that the substrate can contribute to the change in shape outside of the beads and thus allows the main shape change to be nearly constant over the entire test tube.
  • Fig. Ia is a plan view of a stamp of a
  • Fig. 2 is a die of the embodiment of the device according to the invention of Fig. 1 and
  • FIG. 3 shows a sheet metal holder of the embodiment of the device according to the invention from FIG. 1.
  • Fig. Ia shows a plan view of the punch 1 of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for determining the quality of a metallic coating of a metallic substrate.
  • the stamp 1 is designed so that the end face 2 of the stamp when pulling a metallic substrate produces a test surface with a major change in shape of a maximum of 7%.
  • the side edges 3, 4 of the punch 1 have different radii of curvature in order to influence the flow behavior of the material substantially in the direction of the main shape change.
  • the radii of the side edges 4 are 5 mm, so that the material of the substrate is substantially prevented from flowing beyond the edge radius to produce a minor shape change.
  • the edge radius of the side edges 3 of the punch 1 is much larger, in this case, for example, 40 mm, to a flow of the material of the To allow substrate beyond the side edges 3 addition.
  • the main shape changing direction of the test surface is predetermined.
  • the length and width of the punch are 540 and 320 mm, respectively, in order to obtain representative results with regard to the examination of the surface of the metallic coating.
  • the corner radius R 4 between the side surfaces of the punch is preferably 70 mm in order to minimize the stresses resulting from the corners of the punch 1 in the region of the test lap.
  • the radius of curvature of the punch 1 R 3 which is preferably between 500 and 2000 mm, in the present case 1000 mm, merges into a relatively large edge radius to the side face 3 of the punch 1 ,
  • This transition positively influences the stretching behavior of the metallic substrate, so that hardly any influences or changes of the main shape change result from the side edges 3 of the stamp 1 on the test lap 2 itself.
  • the test lap 2 which corresponds to the end face of the punch 1, has a constant major change of shape in one direction over almost the entire area.
  • Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the stamp 1 associated with the die 5.
  • the die 5 has, analogously to the corner radius R 4 of the punch, a corner radius R 5 of likewise preferably 70 mm.
  • the die 5 has an edge radius R 6 on the longitudinal side of the recess 7 of, for example, 15 mm.
  • This edge radius on the one hand supports the effect of the beads, but also allows a flow of the material of the metallic substrate, especially at thicknesses of the metallic substrate of 0.3 to 1.5 mm.
  • the edge radius R 7 of the transverse edge of the recess can be selected to be larger, for example 25 mm, since essentially a tearing of the metallic substrate is to be prevented at the transverse edge of the recess.
  • FIG. 3 now shows the sheet metal holder 8, which has a recess 9 with dimensions matching the stamp geometry. Also, the corner radius R 8 of the recess 9 is adapted to the geometry of the punch 1 and has, for example, also 70 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining the quality of a metallic surface of a metallic substrate, especially a steel or steel alloy substrate, and to a device for determining the quality of a metallic surface of a metallic substrate, comprising a mold, a metal sheet holder and a die with which the substrate is shaped in order to produce a drawn test surface. The aim of the invention is to provide a method and a device for testing the quality of the metallic coating with a view to its utilization, especially with a view to its later shaping. For this purpose, the substrate is shaped at least in the area of the test surface, the main and additional shape change of the substrate in the area of the test surface assuming predetermined values that are related to the later utilization of the substrate and the quality of the metallic surface being tested on the test surface after shaping.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Prüfung der Qualität einer metallischen Beschichtung Method and device for testing the quality of a metallic coating
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer metallischen Oberflache eines metallischen Substrats, insbesondere eines Substrats aus Stahl oder einer Stahllegierung sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer metallischen Oberflache eines metallischen Substrats mit einer Matrize, einem Blechhalter und einem Stempel, mit welcher das Substrat umgeformt wird, um eine gezogene Prüfflache herzustellen.The invention relates to a method for determining the quality of a metallic surface of a metallic substrate, in particular a substrate made of steel or a steel alloy, and a device for determining the quality of a metallic surface of a metallic substrate with a die, a blank holder and a stamp, with which the Substrate is formed to produce a drawn Prüfflache.
Bei der Herstellung von Kraftfahrzeugen werden häufig Bleche verwendet, welche zur Erzielung bestimmter Eigenschaften, beispielsweise einer möglichst guten Korrosionsbeständigkeit, beschichtet sind. Die Beschichtung erfolgt in der Regel vor dem Umformprozess auf dem Substrat band- oder blechweise, so dass nicht nur das Metall selbst gute Umformeigenschaften aufweisen muss, sondern auch dessen Beschichtung. Ein typisches Beispiel für eine solche Beschichtung ist das Feuerverzinken von Stahlteilen, die beispielsweise für die Außenhaut eines Pkws eingesetzt wird. Die Beschichtungsqualitat ist dabei von verschiedenen Parametern abhangig, so dass es wünschenswert ist, bereits im Vorfeld, d.h. vor der Weiterverarbeitung des Substrats beispielsweise zu Karosserieteilen, eine Überprüfung der Oberflachenqualitat durchzufuhren. Eine ahnliche Problematik betrifft aber auch unbeschichtete Bleche, beispielsweise Feinbleche, da beispielsweise Walzfehler häufig erst beim Umformen des Bleches zu einem Produkt auftreten. In diesem Fall ist es ebenfalls wünschenswert, eine die weitere Umformung des Bleches berücksichtigende Überprüfung der Oberflachenqualitat durchzufuhren .In the manufacture of motor vehicles sheets are often used, which are coated to achieve certain properties, such as the best possible corrosion resistance. The coating usually takes place before the forming process on the substrate in a band or sheet fashion, so that not only the metal itself must have good forming properties, but also its coating. A typical example of such a coating is the hot-dip galvanizing of steel parts, which is used for example for the outer skin of a car. The quality of the coating is dependent on various parameters, so that it is desirable to carry out a check of the surface quality in advance, ie before the further processing of the substrate, for example to body parts. However, a similar problem also relates to uncoated sheets, such as thin sheets, as for example, rolling defects often only when forming the Sheets to a product occur. In this case, it is also desirable to carry out a review of the surface quality considering the further forming of the sheet.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind eine Vielzahl von Verfahren bekannt, um die Oberflachenbeschaffenheit eines metallischen Substrats zu prüfen. Beispielsweise ist aus der DE 101 11 296 Al bekannt, die Oberflachengute eines Flachproduktes durch Auswertung von elektronischen Bildern der Oberflache des Flachproduktes vorzunehmen. Informationen darüber, ob und für welche Umformprozesse die Oberflache und/oder die Beschichtung geeignet ist, können mit dem bekannten Verfahren nicht gewonnen werden.A variety of methods are known in the art for testing the surface finish of a metallic substrate. For example, it is known from DE 101 11 296 A1 to make the surface finish of a flat product by evaluating electronic images of the surface of the flat product. Information about whether and for which forming processes the surface and / or the coating is suitable can not be obtained by the known method.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gattungsgemaßes Verfahren sowie eine gattungsgemaße Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer metallischen Beschichtung auf einem metallischen Substrat zur Verfugung zu stellen, mit welchem bzw. mit welcher die Qualität der metallischen Beschichtung anwendungsspezifisch, insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine spatere Umformung überprüft werden kann.On this basis, the present invention seeks to provide a generic method and a generic device for determining the quality of a metallic coating on a metallic substrate at your disposal, with which or with which the quality of the metallic coating application specific, especially with regard to a later transformation can be checked.
Gemäß einer ersten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die oben aufgezeigte Aufgabe für ein gattungsgemaßes Verfahren dadurch gelost, dass das Substrat zumindest im Bereich einer Prufflache umgeformt wird, wobei die Haupt- und Nebenformanderung des Substrats im Bereich der Prufflache auf die spatere Anwendung des Substrats bezogene, vorherbestimmte Werte annehmen und nach dem Umformen die Qualität der metallischen Oberflache der Prufflache überprüft wird. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass beispielsweise die in verschiedenen Bereichen eines Fahrzeuges eingesetzten Blechteile wahrend der Herstellung unterschiedlich starken Umformungen unterzogen werden. Beispielsweise werden metallische Substrate für Dachkonstruktionen von Kraftfahrzeugen relativ geringen Hauptformanderungen von etwa 1 - 2 % ausgesetzt. Bei der Herstellung eines Blechteils für die Seitenwand eines Kraftfahrzeuges treten dagegen typischerweise Hauptformanderungen von ca. 5 % auf. Bei der Herstellung von Teilen für die Motorhaube eines Kraftfahrzeuges sind es beispielsweise in der Regel etwa 3 % Hauptformanderung . Mit dem erfindungsgemaßen Verfahren werden nun die wahrend der Weiterverarbeitung auftretenden Haupt- und Nebenformanderungen kontrolliert nachgebildet und anschließend die entsprechenden Haupt- und Nebenformanderungen aufweisende Prufflache hinsichtlich der Qualität der metallischen Oberflache überprüft. Die Überprüfung der metallischen Oberflache der Prufflache wird optisch, insbesondere unter Verwendung eines Mikroskops oder anderer optischer und/oder optoelektronischer Vorrichtungen durchgeführt. Im Gegensatz zu dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren wird anwendungsspezifisch die Qualität der Oberflache bestimmt, d.h. beispielsweise, ob das metallische Substrat einer bestimmten Umformung unterzogen werden kann, ohne dass es zu Fehlern in der metallischen Oberflache kommt. Damit ist es prinzipiell möglich, die metallischen Substrate verschiedenen Umformungsanforderungen zuzuordnen und den Ausschussanteil bei der Herstellung von Konstruktionen für den Fahrzeugbau zu minimieren.According to a first teaching of the present invention, the above-described object is achieved for a generic method by forming the substrate at least in the area of a pruflache, the main and secondary shape change of the substrate in the area of the test bed being related to the later application of the substrate, assume predetermined values and after forming the quality of the metallic surface of the test laminate is checked. It has been found that, for example, the sheet metal parts used in various areas of a vehicle are subjected to different degrees of deformation during production. For example, metallic substrates for automotive roof structures are exposed to relatively minor major changes in shape of about 1-2%. By contrast, when making a sheet metal part for the sidewall of a motor vehicle, main shape changes of about 5% typically occur. In the production of parts for the hood of a motor vehicle, for example, it is usually about 3% Hauptformanderung. With the method according to the invention, the main and sub-form changes occurring during the further processing are now simulated in a controlled manner and subsequently the test results for the corresponding main and sub-form changes are checked with regard to the quality of the metallic surface. The examination of the metallic surface of the test lap is carried out optically, in particular using a microscope or other optical and / or optoelectronic devices. In contrast to the method known from the prior art, the quality of the surface is determined in an application-specific manner, ie, for example, whether the metallic substrate can be subjected to a specific shaping without causing errors in the metallic surface. This makes it possible in principle to assign the metallic substrates to different transformation requirements and to minimize the amount of rejects in the manufacture of constructions for vehicle construction.
Vorzugsweise wird das Substrat, gemäß einer ersten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemaßen Verfahrens, in einem Umformwerkzeug mit einem Stempel beispielsweise gezogen und die Hauptformänderung über die Ziehtiefe eingestellt, so dass die Hauptformänderung auf einfache Weise reproduzierbar in das metallische Substrat eingebracht werden kann.Preferably, the substrate, according to a first embodiment of the inventive method, in a Forming tool pulled with a stamp, for example, and set the main shape change over the drawing depth, so that the main shape change can be easily reproducible introduced into the metallic substrate.
Eine Bestimmung der Qualität der metallischen Oberfläche eines metallischen Substrats für Außenhautteile von Kraftfahrzeugen kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Hauptformänderung des Substrates im Bereich der Prüffläche maximal 7 % beträgt, da dies die typischen maximalen Werte für Hauptformänderungen von Außenhautteilen von Kraftfahrzeugen während der Herstellung sind.A determination of the quality of the metallic surface of a metallic substrate for vehicle body panels may be achieved by not more than 7% major change in the substrate in the region of the test area, as these are the typical maximum values for major changes in shape of automotive body panels during manufacture.
Beträgt die Nebenformänderung des Substrats im Bereich der Prüffläche zwischen -2 % und +2%, so liegen auch die Nebenformänderungen in einem typischen, anwendungsspezifischen Bereich. Bei der Bestimmung der Qualität der metallischen Oberfläche wird vorzugsweise eine Nebenformänderung von etwa 0 % eingestellt, um bei der Bestimmung der Oberflächenqualität des metallischen Substrats besonders praxisnahe Untersuchungsergebnisse zu erzielen .If the subformal change of the substrate in the region of the test area is between -2% and + 2%, then the secondary shape changes are also in a typical, application-specific range. When determining the quality of the metallic surface, it is preferable to set a secondary shape change of about 0% in order to achieve particularly practical test results when determining the surface quality of the metallic substrate.
Mögliche Fehler auf der Oberfläche eines metallischen Substrats können, gemäß einer nächsten weitergebildeten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, dadurch leichter erkannt werden, dass die Prüffläche nach dem Umformen angeschliffen wird. Insbesondere können durch das Anschleifen der Prüffläche durch den Herstellungsprozess bedingte Fehler auf der metallischen Oberfläche sichtbar gemacht werden. Vorzugsweise werden als Substrat Bleche mit einer maximalen Dicke von 1,5 mm, vorzugsweise mit einer Dicke von 0,3 mm bis 1 mm und einer Festigkeit von maximal 500 MPa, vorzugsweise 140 bis 500 MPa verwendet, da diese besonders gute Eigenschaften im Hinblick auf deren Verwendung als Außenhautteile im Fahrzeugbau aufweisen.Possible defects on the surface of a metallic substrate can, according to a next further developed embodiment of the method according to the invention, be recognized more easily by grinding the test surface after the forming. In particular, caused by the grinding of the test surface caused by the manufacturing process errors on the metallic surface can be made visible. Preferably, as the substrate sheets with a maximum thickness of 1.5 mm, preferably with a thickness of 0.3 mm to 1 mm and a strength of at most 500 MPa, preferably 140 to 500 MPa used, since these are particularly good properties in terms their use as outer skin parts in vehicle construction.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist besonders geeignet, Fehler von metallischen Beschichtungen, insbesondere von galvanisch (elektrolytisch) verzinkten oder feuerverzinkten Beschichtungen aufzufinden. Entsprechend beschichtete Substrate werden, wie bereits ausgeführt, vorzugsweise im Fahrzeugbau für Außenhautteile eingesetzt.The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for finding defects of metallic coatings, in particular of galvanically (electrolytically) galvanized or hot-dip galvanized coatings. Correspondingly coated substrates are, as already stated, preferably used in vehicle construction for exterior skin parts.
Gemäß einer zweiten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die oben aufgezeigte Aufgabe durch eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung dadurch gelöst, dass der Stempel so ausgebildet ist, dass im Bereich der Prüffläche des umgeformten Substrats die Hauptformänderung maximal 7 % und die Nebenformänderung zwischen -2 % und +2 %, vorzugsweise nahe 0 % beträgt. Mit dem erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Stempel werden in der Prüffläche im Hinblick auf die Anwendung, beispielsweise als Außenhautteil eines Kraftfahrzeuges, spezifische Hauptformänderungen erzeugt, welche eine praxisnahe Bestimmung der Qualität der metallischen Beschichtung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine weitere Verarbeitung des Substrats zulässt.According to a second teaching of the present invention, the above-described object is achieved by a generic device in that the stamp is designed so that in the area of the test surface of the formed substrate, the main shape change a maximum of 7% and the secondary shape change between -2% and +2% , preferably close to 0%. With the stamp designed according to the invention, specific main shape changes are produced in the test surface with respect to the application, for example as the outer skin part of a motor vehicle, which permits a practical determination of the quality of the metallic coating, in particular with regard to further processing of the substrate.
Vorzugsweise weist der Stempel eine Länge von mindestens 400 mm und eine Breite von mindestens 250 mm auf, um eine möglichst große Prüffläche herzustellen. Die Prüffläche ist an die anwendungsspezifischen Größen der metallischen Substrate bei deren Verwendung im Fahrzeugbau angepasst, so dass die Bestimmung der Qualität der metallischen Beschichtung der Prüffläche eine repräsentative Aussage über die Qualität der Beschichtung des gesamten metallischen Substrats ermöglicht.Preferably, the punch has a length of at least 400 mm and a width of at least 250 mm in order to produce the largest possible test surface. The test surface is adapted to the application-specific sizes of the metallic substrates when used in vehicle construction, so that the determination of the quality of the metallic Coating the test area a representative statement about the quality of the coating of the entire metallic substrate allows.
Gemäß einer nächsten weitergebildeten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird die Richtung der Hauptformänderung dadurch genau vorgegeben, dass der Stempel eine Stirnfläche mit einer Krümmung in Richtung der Hauptformänderung mit einem Krümmungsradius von 500 bis 2000 mm, vorzugsweise 1000 mm aufweist. Durch die Krümmung der Stirnfläche des Stempels wird beim Umformen, insbesondere beim Ziehen, die Hauptformänderung genau festgelegt. Aufgrund des großen Krümmungsradius erfolgt die Hauptformänderung sehr homogen über die gesamte Prüffläche .According to a next further developed embodiment of the device according to the invention the direction of the major change in shape is specified by the fact that the punch has an end face with a curvature in the direction of the main shape change with a radius of curvature of 500 to 2000 mm, preferably 1000 mm. Due to the curvature of the end face of the stamp, the main shape change is precisely determined during forming, in particular during drawing. Due to the large radius of curvature, the main shape change is very homogeneous over the entire test area.
Beträgt der Kantenradius zwischen der Stirnfläche des Stempels und zwei quer zur Hauptformänderungsrichtung verlaufenden Seitenflächen des Stempels 20 bis 80 mm, vorzugsweise 40 mm, wird ein Fließen des Materials des Substrats in Richtung der Hauptformänderung zusätzlich unterstützt. Die Prüffläche weist daher auch an ihren entsprechenden Randbereichen die über die Ziehtiefe eingestellte Hauptformänderung auf.If the edge radius between the end face of the punch and two lateral surfaces of the punch extending transversely to the main deformation direction is 20 to 80 mm, preferably 40 mm, flow of the material of the substrate in the direction of the main deformation is additionally promoted. The test surface therefore also has, at its corresponding edge regions, the main shape change set via the drawing depth.
Die Nebenformänderung wird dagegen dadurch begrenzt, dass der Kantenradius zwischen der Stirnfläche des Stempels und zwei parallel zur Hauptformänderungsrichtung verlaufenden Seitenflächen des Stempels zwischen 2 und 10 mm, vorzugsweise 5 mm beträgt. Der scharfe Kantenradius verhindert im Wesentlichen eine Fließbewegung in Richtung der Nebenformänderung, d.h. quer zur Hauptformänderungsrichtung. Die Hauptformänderung sowie die Nebenformanderung wird damit auf einfache Weise fest vorgegeben .The minor change in shape, however, is limited by the fact that the edge radius between the end face of the punch and two parallel to the main deformation direction extending side surfaces of the punch between 2 and 10 mm, preferably 5 mm. The sharp edge radius substantially prevents a flow movement in the direction of the secondary shape change, ie transversely to the main deformation direction. The main shape change as well the minor change is thus fixed in a simple manner.
Um den Einfluss der rechteckigen Form des Stempels auf die Prufflache zu verringern weisen die Kanten zwischen den Seitenflachen des Stempels ein Kantenradius von 50 bis 100 mm, vorzugsweise 70 mm auf.In order to reduce the influence of the rectangular shape of the punch on the test lap, the edges between the side surfaces of the punch have an edge radius of 50 to 100 mm, preferably 70 mm.
Die Bereiche des metallischen Substrats, die wahrend des Ziehens an der Umformung teilnehmen, wird vorzugsweise dadurch begrenzt, dass die Matrize zwei senkrecht zur Richtung der Hauptformanderung verlaufende und beidseitig der Ausnehmung der Matrize angeordnete Sicken aufweist, die auch Ziehleisten genannt werden. Die Sicken unterdrucken, dass das Substrat außerhalb der Sicken zur Formänderung beitragen kann und ermöglicht damit, dass die Hauptformanderung über die gesamte Prufflache nahezu konstant ist.The regions of the metallic substrate that take part in the forming during the drawing are preferably limited by the fact that the die has two beads, which are perpendicular to the direction of the main forming change and are arranged on both sides of the recess of the die, which are also called drawing strips. The beads under-press that the substrate can contribute to the change in shape outside of the beads and thus allows the main shape change to be nearly constant over the entire test tube.
Schließlich ist es vorteilhaft, wenn verschiedene Ziehtiefen fest einstellbar sind. Über die fest einstellbaren Ziehtiefen können anwendungsspezifische Umformungen kontrolliert und reproduzierbar in das metallische Substrat eingebracht werden, so dass beispielsweise für die verschiedenen Anwendungsbereiche im Fahrzeugbau jeweils eine Ziehtiefe fest vorgegebenen werden kann.Finally, it is advantageous if different drawing depths are firmly adjustable. Application-specific deformations can be controlled and reproducibly introduced into the metallic substrate via the fixable drawing depths so that, for example, a drawing depth can be predetermined in each case for the various application areas in vehicle construction.
Es gibt nun eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten das erfindungsgemaße Verfahren sowie die erfindungsgemaße Vorrichtung weiterzubilden und auszugestalten. Hierzu wird einerseits verwiesen auf die den Patentansprüchen 1 und 8 nachgeordneten Patentansprüche und andererseits auf die Beschreibung eines Ausfuhrungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. Die Zeichnung zeigt inThere are now a variety of ways to further develop and design the inventive method and the inventive device. For this purpose, on the one hand reference is made to the patent claims 1 and 8 subordinate claims and on the other hand to the description of an exemplary embodiment of a Device according to the invention in conjunction with the drawing. The drawing shows in
Fig. Ia) eine Draufsicht auf einen Stempel einesFig. Ia) is a plan view of a stamp of a
Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,Embodiment of the device according to the invention,
Fig. Ib) den Stempel des Ausführungsbeispiels aus Fig. 1 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,1b) the punch of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a perspective view,
Fig. 2 eine Matrize des Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung aus Fig. 1 sowieFig. 2 is a die of the embodiment of the device according to the invention of Fig. 1 and
Fig. 3 einen Blechhalter des Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung aus Fig. 1.3 shows a sheet metal holder of the embodiment of the device according to the invention from FIG. 1.
Fig. Ia) zeigt in einer Draufsicht den Stempel 1 eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer metallischen Beschichtung eines metallischen Substrats. Der Stempel 1 ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass die Stirnfläche 2 des Stempels beim Ziehen eines metallischen Substrats eine Prüffläche mit einer Hauptformänderung von maximal 7 % erzeugt. Einerseits weisen die Seitenkanten 3, 4 des Stempels 1 unterschiedliche Krümmungsradien auf, um das Fließverhalten des Materials im Wesentlichen in Richtung der Hauptformänderung zu beeinflussen. Andererseits betragen die Radien der Seitenkanten 4 im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel 5 mm, so dass das Material des Substrats im Wesentlichen daran gehindert wird, über den Kantenradius hinaus zu fließen und eine Nebenformänderung zu erzeugen. Der Kantenradius der Seitenkanten 3 des Stempels 1 ist dagegen wesentlich größer, vorliegend beispielsweise 40 mm, um ein Fließen des Materials des Substrats über die Seitenkanten 3 hinaus zu ermöglichen. Hierdurch wird insbesondere in Verbindung mit dem Krümmungsradius R3 der Stirnflache 2 die Hauptformanderungsrichtung der Prüfflache vorbestimmt. Beim Ziehen erfolgt somit eine Streckung des Materials im gesamten Bereich der Prufflache von weniger alsFig. Ia) shows a plan view of the punch 1 of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for determining the quality of a metallic coating of a metallic substrate. The stamp 1 is designed so that the end face 2 of the stamp when pulling a metallic substrate produces a test surface with a major change in shape of a maximum of 7%. On the one hand, the side edges 3, 4 of the punch 1 have different radii of curvature in order to influence the flow behavior of the material substantially in the direction of the main shape change. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the radii of the side edges 4 are 5 mm, so that the material of the substrate is substantially prevented from flowing beyond the edge radius to produce a minor shape change. The edge radius of the side edges 3 of the punch 1, however, is much larger, in this case, for example, 40 mm, to a flow of the material of the To allow substrate beyond the side edges 3 addition. As a result, in particular in conjunction with the radius of curvature R 3 of the end face 2, the main shape changing direction of the test surface is predetermined. Thus, during drawing, the material is stretched less than in the entire area of the test lap
1 / 9-s- .1/9 s.
Die Lange und Breite des Stempels betragt vorliegend 540 bzw. 320 mm, um repräsentative Ergebnisse im Hinblick auf die Überprüfung der Oberflache der metallischen Beschichtung zu erzielen. Der Eckenradius R4 zwischen den Seitenflachen des Stempels betragt vorzugsweise 70 mm, um die aus den Ecken des Stempels 1 resultierenden Spannungen im Bereich der Prufflache zu minimieren.In the present case, the length and width of the punch are 540 and 320 mm, respectively, in order to obtain representative results with regard to the examination of the surface of the metallic coating. The corner radius R 4 between the side surfaces of the punch is preferably 70 mm in order to minimize the stresses resulting from the corners of the punch 1 in the region of the test lap.
In der perspektivischen Darstellung des Stempels 1 in der Fig. Ib) wird deutlich, dass der Krümmungsradius des Stempels 1 R3, welcher vorzugsweise zwischen 500 und 2000 mm, vorliegend 1000 mm betragt, in einen relativ großen Kantenradius zur Seitenflache 3 des Stempels 1 übergeht. Dieser Übergang beeinflusst das Streckverhaltens des metallischen Substrats positiv, so dass von den Seitenkanten 3 des Stempels 1 auf die Prufflache 2 selbst kaum Einflüsse bzw. Änderungen der Hauptformanderung resultieren. Im Ergebnis weist die Prufflache 2, welche der Stirnflache des Stempels 1 entspricht, nahezu über den gesamten Bereich eine konstante Hauptformanderung in eine Richtung auf.In the perspective view of the punch 1 in FIG. 1 b) it becomes clear that the radius of curvature of the punch 1 R 3 , which is preferably between 500 and 2000 mm, in the present case 1000 mm, merges into a relatively large edge radius to the side face 3 of the punch 1 , This transition positively influences the stretching behavior of the metallic substrate, so that hardly any influences or changes of the main shape change result from the side edges 3 of the stamp 1 on the test lap 2 itself. As a result, the test lap 2, which corresponds to the end face of the punch 1, has a constant major change of shape in one direction over almost the entire area.
Fig. 2 zeigt nun in einer Draufsicht die zum Stempel 1 zugehörige Matrize 5. Deutlich zu erkennen sind die beiden parallel zur Ausnehmung der Matrize verlaufenden Sicken 6, welche verhindern sollen, dass zuviel Material aus weiter entfernten Bereichen beim Ziehen in den Ziehbereich hineinfließt. Die Sicken 6 verbessern die Homogenität der Hauptformänderung auf der Prüffläche, in dem diese das Nachfließen von Material aus weiter entfernten Bereichen des metallischen Substrates steuern. Die Matrize 5 weist analog zu dem Eckenradius R4 des Stempels einen Eckenradius R5 von ebenfalls vorzugsweise 70 mm auf. Zur definierten Einstellung der Hauptformänderung im Bereich der Prüffläche weist die Matrize 5 einen Kantenradius R6 an der Längsseite der Ausnehmung 7 von beispielsweise 15 mm auf. Dieser Kantenradius unterstützt einerseits die Wirkung der Sicken, ermöglicht jedoch auch ein Fließen des Materials des metallischen Substrates, insbesondere bei Dicken des metallischen Substrats von 0,3 bis 1,5 mm. Der Kantenradius R7 der Querkante der Ausnehmung kann größer gewählt werden, beispielsweise 25 mm, da an der Querkante der Ausnehmung im Wesentlichen ein Reißen des metallischen Substrats verhindert werden soll.Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the stamp 1 associated with the die 5. Clearly visible are the two parallel to the recess of the die extending beads 6, which should prevent too much material from further flows into the drawing area as it pulls. The beads 6 enhance the homogeneity of the major strain change on the test area by controlling the flow of material from more remote areas of the metallic substrate. The die 5 has, analogously to the corner radius R 4 of the punch, a corner radius R 5 of likewise preferably 70 mm. For defined setting of the main shape change in the area of the test surface, the die 5 has an edge radius R 6 on the longitudinal side of the recess 7 of, for example, 15 mm. This edge radius on the one hand supports the effect of the beads, but also allows a flow of the material of the metallic substrate, especially at thicknesses of the metallic substrate of 0.3 to 1.5 mm. The edge radius R 7 of the transverse edge of the recess can be selected to be larger, for example 25 mm, since essentially a tearing of the metallic substrate is to be prevented at the transverse edge of the recess.
Fig. 3 zeigt nun den Blechhalter 8, welcher eine Ausnehmung 9 mit zur Stempelgeometrie passenden Abmessungen aufweist. Auch der Eckenradius R8 der Ausnehmung 9 ist an die Geometrie des Stempels 1 angepasst und weist beispielsweise ebenfalls 70 mm auf. FIG. 3 now shows the sheet metal holder 8, which has a recess 9 with dimensions matching the stamp geometry. Also, the corner radius R 8 of the recess 9 is adapted to the geometry of the punch 1 and has, for example, also 70 mm.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E PATENT APPLICATIONS
1. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer metallischen Oberfläche eines metallischen Substrats, insbesondere eines Substrats aus Stahl oder einer Stahllegierung, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Substrat zumindest im Bereich einer Prüffläche umgeformt wird, wobei die Haupt- und Nebenformänderung des Substrats im Bereich der Prüffläche auf die spätere Anwendung des Substrats bezogene, vorherbestimmte Werte annehmen und nach dem Umformen die Qualität der metallischen Oberfläche der Prüffläche überprüft wird.1. A method for determining the quality of a metallic surface of a metallic substrate, in particular a substrate made of steel or a steel alloy, characterized in that the substrate is formed at least in the region of a test surface, wherein the major and minor change in shape of the substrate in the test area on the assume later application of the substrate related, predetermined values and after forming the quality of the metallic surface of the test area is checked.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s das Substrat in einem Umformwerkzeug mit einem Stempel gezogen wird und die Hauptformänderung über die Ziehtiefe eingestellt wird.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate is drawn in a forming tool with a punch and the main shape change is adjusted via the drawing depth.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Hauptformänderung des Substrats im Bereich der Prüffläche maximal 7 % beträgt.3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the main change in shape of the substrate in the region of the test surface is at most 7%.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Nebenformänderung des Substrats im Bereich der Prüffläche zwischen -2 % und +2 %, vorzugsweise nahe4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the secondary form change of the substrate in the region of the test surface is between -2% and +2%, preferably close to
0 % beträgt. 0%.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Prüffläche nach dem Umformen angeschliffen wird.5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the test surface is ground after the forming.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s als Substrat Bleche mit einer maximalen Dicke von 1,5 mm, vorzugsweise mit einer Dicke von 0,3 mm bis6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, d a d u c h e c e n e c e s t e, s e s s as a substrate sheets with a maximum thickness of 1.5 mm, preferably with a thickness of 0.3 mm to
1 mm und einer Festigkeit von maximal 500 MPa, vorzugsweise 140 bis 500 MPa verwendet werden.1 mm and a maximum strength of 500 MPa, preferably 140 to 500 MPa.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Oberfläche einer metallischen Beschichtung, insbesondere einer galvanisch verzinkten oder feuerverzinkten Beschichtung geprüft wird.7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a surface of a metallic coating, in particular a galvanically galvanized or hot-dip galvanized coating, is tested.
8. Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer metallischen Oberfläche eines metallischen Substrats mit einer Matrize, einem Blechhalter und einem Stempel, mit welcher das Substrat umgeformt wird, um eine gezogene Prüffläche herzustellen, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s der Stempel (1) so ausgebildet ist, dass im Bereich der Prüffläche des umgeformten Substrats die Hauptformänderung maximal 7 % und die Nebenformänderung zwischen -2 % und +2 %, vorzugsweise nahe 0 % beträgt.8. A device for determining the quality of a metallic surface of a metallic substrate with a die, a blank holder and a stamp, with which the substrate is formed to produce a drawn test surface, in particular for carrying out a method according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the punch (1) is designed such that in the region of the test surface of the formed substrate, the major strain change is at most 7% and the minor strain change between -2% and + 2%, preferably close to 0%.
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s der Stempel (1) eine Länge von mindestens 400 mm und eine Breite von mindestens 250 mm aufweist. 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the punch (1) has a length of at least 400 mm and a width of at least 250 mm.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s der Stempel (1) eine Stirnfläche (2) mit einer Krümmung in Richtung der Hauptformänderung mit einem Krümmungsradius (R3) von 500 bis 2000 mm, vorzugsweise 1000 mm aufweist.10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the punch (1) has an end face (2) with a curvature in the direction of the main shape change with a radius of curvature (R 3 ) of 500 to 2000 mm, preferably 1000 mm.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s der Kantenradius (R2) zwischen der Stirnfläche (2) des Stempels (1) und zwei quer zur Hauptformänderungsrichtung verlaufenden Seitenflächen11. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the edge radius (R 2 ) between the end face (2) of the punch (1) and two transverse to the main shape changing direction side surfaces
(3) des Stempels 20 bis 80 mm, vorzugsweise 40 mm beträgt .(3) of the punch is 20 to 80 mm, preferably 40 mm.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s der Kantenradius (Ri) zwischen der Stirnfläche (2) des Stempels (1) und zwei parallel zur Hauptformänderungsrichtung verlaufenden Seitenflächen12. The device according to claim 8, wherein the edge radius between the end face of the punch and two side surfaces extending parallel to the main deformation direction
(4) des Stempels zwischen 2 und 10 mm, vorzugsweise 5 mm beträgt.(4) of the punch between 2 and 10 mm, preferably 5 mm.
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Kanten zwischen den Seitenflächen (3,4) des Stempels (1) einen Eckenradius (R4) von 50 bis 100 mm, vorzugsweise 70 mm aufweisen.13. Device according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the edges between the side surfaces (3,4) of the punch (1) have a corner radius (R 4 ) of 50 to 100 mm, preferably 70 mm.
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Matrize (5) zwei quer zur Richtung der Hauptformänderung verlaufende und beidseitig einer Ausnehmung (7) der Matrize angeordnete Sicken (6) aufweist .14. Device according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the die (5) extending transversely to the direction of the main shape change and both sides of a Recess (7) of the die arranged beads (6).
15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 14, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s verschiedene Ziehtiefen fest einstellbar sind. 15. Device according to one of claims 8 to 14, d a d u r c h e k e n e z e c h e n e, t a s s different drawing depths are fixed adjustable.
EP07704707.4A 2006-03-03 2007-02-23 Device for testing the quality of a metallic coating Not-in-force EP1991865B1 (en)

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DE102006010431A DE102006010431B4 (en) 2006-03-03 2006-03-03 Method and device for testing the quality of a metallic surface
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US8621908B2 (en) 2014-01-07
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