EP1987550A1 - Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element - Google Patents

Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element

Info

Publication number
EP1987550A1
EP1987550A1 EP07715871A EP07715871A EP1987550A1 EP 1987550 A1 EP1987550 A1 EP 1987550A1 EP 07715871 A EP07715871 A EP 07715871A EP 07715871 A EP07715871 A EP 07715871A EP 1987550 A1 EP1987550 A1 EP 1987550A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermal
isolator element
conductive material
element according
roof
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07715871A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christiaan Aloysius Jozef Nijboer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Original Assignee
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO filed Critical Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Priority to EP07715871A priority Critical patent/EP1987550A1/en
Publication of EP1987550A1 publication Critical patent/EP1987550A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E04D3/352—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material at least one insulating layer being located between non-insulating layers, e.g. double skin slabs or sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/80—Constructional details
    • H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
    • H10N10/856—Thermoelectric active materials comprising organic compositions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a roofing thermal isolator element.
  • Electricity for a building may be generated in a clean, affordable and reliable way by using the building's roof surface.
  • Prior art systems may operate on the basis of PhotoVoltaic (PV) generation, converting (sun)light into electricity.
  • PV PhotoVoltaic
  • These panels are installed on a roof surface during construction of the building, which leads to extra (installation) costs and some technical risks w.r.t. the roof construction, e.g. its water tightness due to cable throughputs etc.
  • PV panels influence the appearance of the roof. These factors restrict the application of the PV panels, leading to a relative low use of roofs for the generation of electricity.
  • thermoelectricity Another method for local electricity generation is based on thermoelectricity.
  • semiconductors like Bismuth Telluride (Bi2T ⁇ 3) etc as for example disclosed in US patent 2,984,696.
  • thermoelectric modules are not appropriate for integration in roofs due to their small dimensions.
  • the present invention aims to provide a roofing thermal isolator element - e.g. a sandwich insulated roof boarding element for integration in a roof - which combines good thermal properties with integrated thermoelectric power generation.
  • the roof element comprises thermally insulating body formed by a stack of thermal isolating elements, characterized in that said thermal isolating elements are formed as thermo-electric elements, each comprising a first conductor, made of a first conductive material, and a second conductor, made of a second conductive material, both conductors mainly extending between the roofing thermal isolator element's flat sides and being electrically interconnected by at least one junction.
  • the electricity is generated by using the Seebeck effect: when a circuit is formed by a junction of two dissimilar electrically conductive materials and the junctions are held at different temperatures, a current will flow in the circuit caused by the difference in temperature between the two junctions.
  • use is made of the temperature difference between the outer (top) side of the roof element which is turned to the sun and thus gets a relative high temperature, especially when the roof boarding is e.g. covered by a (black) Ethylene-Diene-Propylene- Monomer (EPDM) roof system, and the inner (bottom) side of the roof element which has a lower (ambient) temperature.
  • EPDM Ethylene-Diene-Propylene- Monomer
  • said first conductive material is a first conductive polymer and second conductive material a second conductive polymer.
  • Both conductive polymers can be intrinsically conducting polymers or extrinsically conducting polymers.
  • the first and second conductive polymer may chemically be different or may basically be equal but doped inversely e.g. by exposing the one polymer to a positive doping agent and the other one to a negative doping agent respectively.
  • the roof element preferably comprises support bodies inside the roof element, which have good thermal and electrical isolating properties and are arranged for supporting the first and/or second conductors which form the thermoelectric elements.
  • the support bodies may mainly extend in the length or in the width of the roof element.
  • the support bodies may be made of an electrically and thermally insulating polymer (e.g. Expanded Polystyrene) and the first and/or second conductive polymers may be applied on this support body by means of adhesion if the conductive polymers consist of a film.
  • the conductive polymers may form a copolymer or copolymers respectively with the support body polymer (copolymerization), thus forming a conducting top-layer or relevant conducting top- layers respectively.
  • Exemplary Rc values of the roofing thermal isolator element according to the invention are between 1.5 and 5 m 2 K/W.
  • Figure 1 shows a third embodiment of a thermoelectric element stack, in bottom view and in cross-sectional view.
  • Figure 2 shows part of an integrated roof element in cross-sectional view.
  • Figure 3 shows part of an integrated roof element in bottom view.
  • Figure 1 shows a bottom view and a cross-sectional view along the line A-B of a thermoelectric element stack which comprises a plurality of thermoelectric elements each formed by a first conductor 1, made of a first conductive material, and a second conductor 2, made of a second conductive material.
  • the second conductor 2 comprises an electrically isolated gap 3 at the bottom side.
  • Both conductors 1 and 2 are interconnected at a junction 4 at the top side. It will be presumed that the top side is the warm (rooftop) side - making junction 4 the "warm junction” - and the bottom side is the cold (inner building) side.
  • the conductors 1 and 2 are supported by an isolation stack, serving as support body 6.
  • the support body 6 may be made of an isolating polymer, e.g. expanded polystyrene.
  • the first conductors 1 and the second conductors 2 may be made of conductive polymers (CPs), e.g. polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene of polyphenylene vinylene.
  • CPs conductive polymers
  • the first and second conductors may be made of the same CPs, however one conductor doped with positive ions and the other conductor with negative ions, or made by different polymers.
  • the CPs may form a film on top of the support body.
  • the CPs may be chemically coupled with the support body polymer, in the form of a support body top-layer copolymer with preservation of the conductive properties.
  • the main function of the support stacks 6 is the thermal insulation of the roof.
  • the second function is supporting and separating the conductive layers forming the thermoelectric elements.
  • the support stack 6 may be made of expanded polystyrene, supporting the first and second conductor layers 1 and 2, which may be made of e.g. polyaniline or poly acetylene.
  • the support stack could be made of Poly Utre thane hardfoam, forming a support body 'top -layer' copolymer with the CP.
  • FIGS 2 and 3 show parts of an integrated roof element.
  • the cross-sectional view of figure 7 shows a couple of element stacks as shown in figure 6, separated by intermediate isolation members 9, as also shown in figure 2.
  • the roof element may be surrounded by a (e.g. wooden) frame 10 and covered by a metal sheet 11 which is treated with an electrically isolating coating and top plate 12 of e.g. wood or a thermally conductive and light material.
  • the roof element may be covered by a bottom plate 13 of e.g. wood or a thermally conductive and light material.
  • the individual clamps 7 (not shown here) and 8 may be interconnected by interconnection strips 14 by which the element stacks may be connected in parallel (shown) or in series (not shown), depending on the Direct Current (DC) voltage generated by the combined element stacks, and the desired voltage for the conversion to Alternating Current (AC) present in the mains.
  • DC Direct Current
  • AC Alternating Current
  • the temperature difference along the roof construction can in many cases amount to more than 50 K. Particularly in summer time the temperature on the top side

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

Thermally insulating roofing element, comprising a plurality of thermoelectric elements, each comprising a first conductor (1), made of a first conductive material, and a second conductor (2), made of a second conductive material, both conductors mainly extending between the element's flat sides (12, 13) and being electrically interconnected by at least one junction (3, 4). The first conductive material may be a first conductive polymer and the second conductive material a second conductive polymer. One or more support bodies (6), having thermal and electrical isolating properties, support the first and/or second conductors. The support bodies mainly extends in the length or the width of the roof element and may be made of an isolating polymer.

Description

THERMALLY INSULATING THERMOELECTRIC ROOFING ELEMENT
Field
The invention concerns a roofing thermal isolator element.
Background
Electricity for a building may be generated in a clean, affordable and reliable way by using the building's roof surface. Prior art systems may operate on the basis of PhotoVoltaic (PV) generation, converting (sun)light into electricity. These panels are installed on a roof surface during construction of the building, which leads to extra (installation) costs and some technical risks w.r.t. the roof construction, e.g. its water tightness due to cable throughputs etc. Moreover, PV panels influence the appearance of the roof. These factors restrict the application of the PV panels, leading to a relative low use of roofs for the generation of electricity.
Another method for local electricity generation is based on thermoelectricity. Up till now, the largest part of such thermoelectric systems is based on semiconductors like Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Tβ3) etc as for example disclosed in US patent 2,984,696.
These kind of materials are usually toxic, expensive and scarce. Furthermore, these materials are not appropriate for integration in roofs, in view of thermal conduction properties and, besides, such thermoelectric modules are not appropriate for integration in roofs due to their small dimensions.
Summary
The present invention aims to provide a roofing thermal isolator element - e.g. a sandwich insulated roof boarding element for integration in a roof - which combines good thermal properties with integrated thermoelectric power generation. To that end, the roof element comprises thermally insulating body formed by a stack of thermal isolating elements, characterized in that said thermal isolating elements are formed as thermo-electric elements, each comprising a first conductor, made of a first conductive material, and a second conductor, made of a second conductive material, both conductors mainly extending between the roofing thermal isolator element's flat sides and being electrically interconnected by at least one junction.
The electricity is generated by using the Seebeck effect: when a circuit is formed by a junction of two dissimilar electrically conductive materials and the junctions are held at different temperatures, a current will flow in the circuit caused by the difference in temperature between the two junctions. In the present case use is made of the temperature difference between the outer (top) side of the roof element which is turned to the sun and thus gets a relative high temperature, especially when the roof boarding is e.g. covered by a (black) Ethylene-Diene-Propylene- Monomer (EPDM) roof system, and the inner (bottom) side of the roof element which has a lower (ambient) temperature.
Preferably, said first conductive material is a first conductive polymer and second conductive material a second conductive polymer. Both conductive polymers can be intrinsically conducting polymers or extrinsically conducting polymers. The first and second conductive polymer may chemically be different or may basically be equal but doped inversely e.g. by exposing the one polymer to a positive doping agent and the other one to a negative doping agent respectively.
The roof element preferably comprises support bodies inside the roof element, which have good thermal and electrical isolating properties and are arranged for supporting the first and/or second conductors which form the thermoelectric elements. The support bodies may mainly extend in the length or in the width of the roof element. The support bodies may be made of an electrically and thermally insulating polymer (e.g. Expanded Polystyrene) and the first and/or second conductive polymers may be applied on this support body by means of adhesion if the conductive polymers consist of a film. Alternatively, the conductive polymers may form a copolymer or copolymers respectively with the support body polymer (copolymerization), thus forming a conducting top-layer or relevant conducting top- layers respectively. Exemplary Rc values of the roofing thermal isolator element according to the invention are between 1.5 and 5 m2K/W.
Exemplary Embodiment
Figure 1 shows a third embodiment of a thermoelectric element stack, in bottom view and in cross-sectional view.
Figure 2 shows part of an integrated roof element in cross-sectional view. Figure 3 shows part of an integrated roof element in bottom view.
Figure 1 shows a bottom view and a cross-sectional view along the line A-B of a thermoelectric element stack which comprises a plurality of thermoelectric elements each formed by a first conductor 1, made of a first conductive material, and a second conductor 2, made of a second conductive material. The second conductor 2 comprises an electrically isolated gap 3 at the bottom side. Both conductors 1 and 2 are interconnected at a junction 4 at the top side. It will be presumed that the top side is the warm (rooftop) side - making junction 4 the "warm junction" - and the bottom side is the cold (inner building) side. The conductors 1 and 2 are supported by an isolation stack, serving as support body 6. The support body 6 may be made of an isolating polymer, e.g. expanded polystyrene. The first conductors 1 and the second conductors 2 may be made of conductive polymers (CPs), e.g. polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene of polyphenylene vinylene. The first and second conductors may be made of the same CPs, however one conductor doped with positive ions and the other conductor with negative ions, or made by different polymers. The CPs may form a film on top of the support body. Alternatively, the CPs may be chemically coupled with the support body polymer, in the form of a support body top-layer copolymer with preservation of the conductive properties.
Due to the Seebeck effect, when the top side and the bottom side are exposed to a temperature difference, an electric voltage (indicated by + and -) will occur over the gap 3 of each element formed by first conductor 1 and second conductor 2. By connecting all elements in series by interconnections as shown in the figure, all voltages generated by the individual elements of the whole stack 6 when the junctions 4 and 5 are exposed to a temperature difference, will be summed, which total voltage occurs over the clamps 7 and 8.
The main function of the support stacks 6 is the thermal insulation of the roof. The second function is supporting and separating the conductive layers forming the thermoelectric elements. The support stack 6 may be made of expanded polystyrene, supporting the first and second conductor layers 1 and 2, which may be made of e.g. polyaniline or poly acetylene. As an alternative the support stack could be made of Poly Utre thane hardfoam, forming a support body 'top -layer' copolymer with the CP. The first and second conductors and doped inversely to form a stack of series connected thermoelectric elements as shown.
Figures 2 and 3 show parts of an integrated roof element. The cross-sectional view of figure 7 shows a couple of element stacks as shown in figure 6, separated by intermediate isolation members 9, as also shown in figure 2. The roof element may be surrounded by a (e.g. wooden) frame 10 and covered by a metal sheet 11 which is treated with an electrically isolating coating and top plate 12 of e.g. wood or a thermally conductive and light material. At the bottom side the roof element may be covered by a bottom plate 13 of e.g. wood or a thermally conductive and light material.
As figure 3 shows, the individual clamps 7 (not shown here) and 8 may be interconnected by interconnection strips 14 by which the element stacks may be connected in parallel (shown) or in series (not shown), depending on the Direct Current (DC) voltage generated by the combined element stacks, and the desired voltage for the conversion to Alternating Current (AC) present in the mains.
The temperature difference along the roof construction can in many cases amount to more than 50 K. Particularly in summer time the temperature on the top side
(under e.g. a black EPDM layer) can probably amount to much above 70 degrees
Celsius, whereas the bottom side of the isolated roof reaches about 25 degrees.
However, even a small temperature difference (3-5 K) can already be sufficient for the generation of electricity.

Claims

Claims
1. Roof ing thermal isolator element for roof isolating purposes, comprising a thermally insulating body formed by a stack of thermal isolating elements, characterized in that said thermal isolating elements are formed as thermo-electric elements, each comprising a first conductor (1), made of a first conductive material, and a second conductor (2), made of a second conductive material, both conductors mainly extending between the roofing thermal isolator element's flat sides (12, 13) and being electrically interconnected by at least one junction (3).
2. Roofing thermal isolator element according to claim 1, said first conductive material being a first conductive polymer and said second conductive material being a second conductive polymer.
3. Roofing thermal isolator element according to claim 1, comprising one or more support bodies (6), having thermal and electrical isolating properties and supporting said stack of thermal isolating elements.
4. Roofing thermal isolator element according to claim 3, said support bodies, mainly extending in the length or the width of the roof element.
5. Roofing thermal isolator element according to claim 1, said thermally insulating body having a thermal isolation value ranging between 1.5 and 5.0 m2K/W.
6. Roofingthermal isolator element according to claim 3, said support bodies being made of an isolating polymer.
7. Roofingthermal isolator element according to claims 1 and 3, said first and/or second conductors being applied to said one or more support bodies (6) by means of adhesion.
8. Roofingthermal isolator element according to claims 2 and 5, said first and/or second conductive polymers being applied to said one or more support bodies (6) by means of forming a copolymer with the respective support body polymer.
EP07715871A 2006-02-08 2007-02-08 Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element Withdrawn EP1987550A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07715871A EP1987550A1 (en) 2006-02-08 2007-02-08 Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06075277A EP1818992A1 (en) 2006-02-08 2006-02-08 Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element
EP07715871A EP1987550A1 (en) 2006-02-08 2007-02-08 Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element
PCT/NL2007/050051 WO2007091890A1 (en) 2006-02-08 2007-02-08 Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1987550A1 true EP1987550A1 (en) 2008-11-05

Family

ID=36636523

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06075277A Withdrawn EP1818992A1 (en) 2006-02-08 2006-02-08 Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element
EP07715871A Withdrawn EP1987550A1 (en) 2006-02-08 2007-02-08 Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06075277A Withdrawn EP1818992A1 (en) 2006-02-08 2006-02-08 Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1818992A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009526151A (en)
AU (1) AU2007212821A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2641603A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007091890A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009030236A2 (en) * 2007-09-03 2009-03-12 Inno Power Aps Layered structure for generating electrical energy
DE102009022745A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-20 Ewald Dörken Ag Building element, building envelope and building
KR20110116817A (en) * 2010-04-20 2011-10-26 삼성전기주식회사 Thermal insulator for construction using thermoelectric module
EP2521191A1 (en) * 2011-05-04 2012-11-07 BAE Systems Plc Thermoelectric devices
EP2705548B1 (en) 2011-05-04 2016-06-29 BAE Systems PLC Thermoelectric device
DE102012209322B4 (en) * 2012-06-01 2018-04-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Solar collector and method of making the same
MX2013010711A (en) * 2013-09-19 2015-03-19 Univ De La Salle Bajio A C System for harvesting electrical energy accumulated in the form of heat in the surfaces of urban paving and building claddings that are exposed to the infrared radiation of the sun.
PL3640998T3 (en) * 2018-10-17 2023-06-05 Sika Technology Ag Roof unit, rooftop system and method for manufacturing

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DE3314198A1 (en) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-03 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc., 48084 Troy, Mich. THERMOELECTRIC COMPONENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
DE19946806A1 (en) * 1999-09-29 2001-04-05 Klaus Palme Generation of electrical energy from thermal energy by the Seebeck effect e.g. for use with a vehicle combustion engine, involves using a Peltier module consisting of a number of Peltier

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US2984696A (en) * 1959-03-09 1961-05-16 American Mach & Foundry Solar thermoelectric generators
DE2806337C2 (en) * 1978-02-15 1983-12-29 Edgar 3579 Jesberg Brossmann Solar collector system for the direct conversion of the supplied thermal energy into electrical energy
SU688580A1 (en) * 1978-05-11 1979-09-30 Научно-Исследовательский Институт Главмосстроя "Ниимосстрой" Laminated roof cover
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NL8402574A (en) * 1984-08-23 1986-03-17 Cbl Consolidated Ltd Basel Roof insulation board polyurethane or polystyrene foam - has bituminised glass fibre web coating at least on underside, outer surface of underside coating is, self-adhesive with removable cover
JPH07142750A (en) * 1993-11-17 1995-06-02 Shigeyuki Yasuda Solar power generating device
US6928775B2 (en) * 2002-08-16 2005-08-16 Mark P. Banister Multi-use electric tile modules

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3314198A1 (en) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-03 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc., 48084 Troy, Mich. THERMOELECTRIC COMPONENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
DE19946806A1 (en) * 1999-09-29 2001-04-05 Klaus Palme Generation of electrical energy from thermal energy by the Seebeck effect e.g. for use with a vehicle combustion engine, involves using a Peltier module consisting of a number of Peltier

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See also references of WO2007091890A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007091890A1 (en) 2007-08-16
EP1818992A1 (en) 2007-08-15
CA2641603A1 (en) 2007-08-16
AU2007212821A1 (en) 2007-08-16
JP2009526151A (en) 2009-07-16

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