EP1986751B1 - Fire detection system and aircraft equipped with such a system - Google Patents

Fire detection system and aircraft equipped with such a system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1986751B1
EP1986751B1 EP07731021.7A EP07731021A EP1986751B1 EP 1986751 B1 EP1986751 B1 EP 1986751B1 EP 07731021 A EP07731021 A EP 07731021A EP 1986751 B1 EP1986751 B1 EP 1986751B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detector
value
fire
detectors
terminal
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EP07731021.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1986751A2 (en
Inventor
Laurent Escaich
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Airbus Operations SAS
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Airbus Operations SAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A62C3/08—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in aircraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire detection system and an aircraft equipped with such a system.
  • Fire detection systems typically comprise a detection unit (or FDU of the English "Fire Detection Unit") which receives information from a set of detectors covering an area to be monitored and the treats for transmission to a display module, located in the cockpit of the aircraft in the case of aircraft.
  • a detection unit or FDU of the English "Fire Detection Unit” which receives information from a set of detectors covering an area to be monitored and the treats for transmission to a display module, located in the cockpit of the aircraft in the case of aircraft.
  • each detector is thus associated with a particular area of the area and delivers a determined value of an electrical quantity (such as, for example, the resistance formed by the detector in the electrical circuit which connects it to the detection unit) according to the information to be transmitted on the state of the detector: normal operation, failure of the detector or presence of a fire in the area concerned.
  • an electrical quantity such as, for example, the resistance formed by the detector in the electrical circuit which connects it to the detection unit
  • the different detectors are conventionally connected in parallel on the detection unit, which in particular makes it possible to limit the wiring necessary for the implementation of the function over the entire area to be protected.
  • the determination of the detector at the origin of a particular piece of information is nevertheless interesting, not only for the location of the detected fire, but also for precisely and quickly identifying a faulty detector during maintenance.
  • the precise determination of the zone where a fire is detected makes it possible to limit the alert situations in the event that the two information channels signal a fire in the same zone (and not when a fire is detected by each channel in any area of the area).
  • EP0093095 a device for identifying a detector in alarm.
  • the detectors are connected in parallel in a loop circuit connected to a line unit.
  • the line unit feeds the loop circuit with a first signal; the detectors in alarm produce a predetermined voltage drop across the loop circuit in response to the first signal.
  • the line unit feeds the loop circuit with a second signal in response to this voltage drop, and in response to this second signal, the detector in alarm is arranged to output a preprogrammed identification signal for the line to identify said detector.
  • the invention proposes a fire detection system according to claim 1.
  • the different values of the equivalent resistance make it possible to determine, from the detection unit, which detector is in the determined state (that is to say for example by which fire detector has been detected) and thus to precisely locate the corresponding area.
  • the switching between these values also makes it possible to detect a change of state of the second detector.
  • the determined state corresponds to the detection of a fire by the detector concerned.
  • the third value differs for example from more than 10% of the first value, which makes it possible to distinguish between the values formed by the two detectors.
  • the detection unit may further have a third terminal and a third detector connected to the third terminal may then form a determined value of the resistance when a fire is detected in a third zone.
  • the detection unit is able to cyclically measure the resistance at the second terminal and at the third terminal, in order to cyclically monitor the first group of detectors (first and second detectors), then the second group (third detector).
  • the third detector can be connected between the third terminal and the first terminal to limit the necessary wiring.
  • the invention also proposes an aircraft equipped with such a system.
  • the fire detection system shown in figure 1 is built on the basis of two redundant channels (or redundant channels) in particular to improve the detection of a fire, each channel being electrically powered independently for better operational safety.
  • each channel will be identified by means of an index, namely the letter " A “ for the first channel called “channel A” and the letter “ B “ for the second channel called “channel B ".
  • a detection unit 2 A (or FDU of the English "Fire Detection Unit ") monitors a set of detectors 11 A , 12 A , 21 A , 22 A associated with an area to be monitored S and transmits information INFO A representative of the state of these detectors to a logic module 4, and a control information L A of an indicator 8 A of a display module 10.
  • the detection unit 2 A is for example made by means of a microprocessor.
  • the detecting unit 2 A includes a plurality of terminals B0 A, B1, B2 A for connection to the sensors 11 A, 12 A, 21 A of the area to monitor S.
  • a ground terminal BO A is electrically connected to all the detectors 11 A , 12 A , 21 A , 22 A of the area S which therefore have a common ground.
  • each of the other terminals B1 A , B2 A is connected a plurality of detectors (here precisely two detectors 11 A , 12 A for the terminal B1 A and 21 A , 22 A for the terminal B2 A ) which form an associated group of detectors at this marker.
  • the detection unit 2 A comprises means for measuring, successively in time and periodically (that is to say cyclically), the resistance present between the ground terminal B0 A and each of the other terminals B1 A , B2 A , the duration of the measurement of the resistance between two terminals being naturally compatible with the response time of the detectors and with the desired response time for the detection of a fire.
  • the detection unit 2 A thus cyclically monitors (for example, according to the instructions of a program implanted in the microprocessor) groups of detectors (a first group of detectors being here constituted by the detector 11 A and the detector 12 A , and a second group of detectors being constituted by the detector 21A and the detector 22A ). Thanks to this time division multiplexing technique, the detection unit 2 A can determine an information (represented here by the resistance measured between the terminals concerned) by group of detectors, which allows a first location of the origin of the information within the area to be monitored S.
  • detectors are generally identical in terms of structure, but which return different resistance values for the same information to be transmitted (for example a fire detection information). It will be noted, however, that sensors of two different groups (i.e., differentiated by their connection to at least one terminal of the detection unit) may be identical. For example, in the case of the figure 1 detectors 11A and 21A are identical and sensors 12 A and 22 A are identical.
  • figure 2 represents the equivalent electrical diagram of a detector like those used in figure 1 in normal operation (ie in the absence of failure and in the absence of fire detection).
  • This electrical diagram comprises the parallel association of a first switch K 1 and the series association of a second switch K 2 and a first resistor R 1 .
  • the equivalent electrical circuit across the detector is formed by the series association of this parallel association and a second resistor R 2 , as clearly visible on the figure 2 .
  • the first switch K 1 is triggered (here closed) by the detection of a fire in the zone concerned (zone Z for the detector 11 A ).
  • the second switch K 2 is triggered (here open) by the detection of a malfunction of the detector.
  • the first switch K 1 is thus open and the second switch K 2 is thus closed, so that the detector has a resistance formed by the series connection of the resistors R 1 and R 2 , ie an equivalent resistance R 1 + R 2 .
  • the first switch K 1 closes and bypasses the series association of the first resistor R 1 and the second switch K 2 so that the detector forms an equivalent resistance of the order of R 2 , as shown in FIG. figure 3 (And this besides whatever the position of the second switch K 2 ).
  • the detectors 11 A , 12 A of the same group are connected in parallel, it will be possible to determine from which detector precisely the information (and therefore the area concerned by it) since the values associated with a same information vary from one detector to another.
  • the resistance value measured by the detection unit 2 A is presented in the table below in the various possible situations resulting from the parallel connection of the detectors 11 A and 12 A and taking into account tolerances of +/- 5%. the value of the resistances R 1 and R 2 and the resistance of the wiring by means of a margin of ⁇ 10% on the equivalent resistance value obtained.
  • the information relating to the status of each detector obtained by time multiplexing or the differentiation of the detectors by means of the different resistances which they form, are transmitted to the logic module 4, for example in the form of a binary coded word INFO A. .
  • the codeword INFO represents the state of the various sensors 11 A, 12 A, 21 A, 22 A.
  • the detection unit 2 A communicates to the logic module 4 only information relating to the group of sensors being monitored, so that the logic module 4 would receive information on the different groups of sensors by time multiplexing.
  • the logic module 4 also receives information INFO B of the channel B and combines the received information in order to obtain and transmit to a computer management system 6 of the aircraft reliable information relating to the possible detection of fire in the different zones Z of the monitored area S.
  • the detection unit 2 A can also control the lighting of an 8 A warning light when a fire is detected in any one of the zones Z of the area to be monitored S.

Description

L'invention concerne un système de détection d'incendie et un aéronef équipé d'un tel système.The invention relates to a fire detection system and an aircraft equipped with such a system.

Les systèmes de détection d'incendie, par exemple dans les aéronefs, comprennent classiquement une unité de détection (ou FDU de l'anglais "Fire Detection Unit") qui reçoit des informations d'un ensemble de détecteurs couvrant une aire à surveiller et les traite pour transmission à un module d'affichage, située dans le cockpit de l'appareil dans le cas des aéronefs.Fire detection systems, for example in aircraft, typically comprise a detection unit (or FDU of the English "Fire Detection Unit") which receives information from a set of detectors covering an area to be monitored and the treats for transmission to a display module, located in the cockpit of the aircraft in the case of aircraft.

En général, un ensemble de détecteurs identiques est réparti sur l'aire à protéger ; chaque détecteur est ainsi associé à une zone particulière de l'aire et délivre une valeur déterminée d'une grandeur électrique (telle que par exemple la résistance que forme le détecteur dans le circuit électrique qui le relie à l'unité de détection) selon l'information à transmettre sur l'état du détecteur : fonctionnement normal, panne du détecteur ou présence d'un feu dans la zone concernée.In general, a set of identical detectors is distributed over the area to be protected; each detector is thus associated with a particular area of the area and delivers a determined value of an electrical quantity (such as, for example, the resistance formed by the detector in the electrical circuit which connects it to the detection unit) according to the information to be transmitted on the state of the detector: normal operation, failure of the detector or presence of a fire in the area concerned.

Les différents détecteurs sont classiquement connectés en parallèle sur l'unité de détection, ce qui permet notamment de limiter le câblage nécessaire à l'Implantation de la fonction sur l'ensemble de l'aire à protéger.The different detectors are conventionally connected in parallel on the detection unit, which in particular makes it possible to limit the wiring necessary for the implementation of the function over the entire area to be protected.

Le branchement en parallèle de détecteurs identiques rend toutefois impossible la différenciation, depuis l'unité de détection, du détecteur transmettant un signal particulier.The parallel connection of identical detectors makes it impossible, however, to differentiate, from the detection unit, the detector transmitting a particular signal.

La détermination du détecteur à l'origine d'une information particulière est pourtant intéressante, non seulement pour la localisation du feu détecté, mais aussi pour identifier précisément et rapidement un détecteur défaillant lors de la maintenance.The determination of the detector at the origin of a particular piece of information is nevertheless interesting, not only for the location of the detected fire, but also for precisely and quickly identifying a faulty detector during maintenance.

Par ailleurs, dans les systèmes utilisant deux canaux redondants pour la transmission de l'information, la détermination précise de la zone où un feu est détecté permet de limiter les situations d'alerte au cas où les deux canaux d'information signalent un feu dans la même zone (et non dès qu'un feu est détecté par chaque canal dans une zone quelconque de l'aire).Moreover, in systems using two redundant channels for the transmission of information, the precise determination of the zone where a fire is detected makes it possible to limit the alert situations in the event that the two information channels signal a fire in the same zone (and not when a fire is detected by each channel in any area of the area).

On connaît par ailleurs de la demande de brevet EP0093095 un dispositif d'identification d'un détecteur en alarme. Les détecteurs sont connectés en parallèle dans un circuit en boucle relié à une unité de ligne. L'unité de ligne alimente le circuit de boucle avec un premier signal ; les détecteurs en alarme produisent une chute de tension prédéterminée aux bornes du circuit de boucle en réponse au premier signal. L'unité de ligne alimente le circuit en boucle avec un second signal en réponse à cette chute de tension, et en réponse à ce second signal, le détecteur en alarme est conçu pour émettre un signal d'identification préprogrammé destiné à l'unité de ligne pour identifier ledit détecteur.In addition, the patent application is known EP0093095 a device for identifying a detector in alarm. The detectors are connected in parallel in a loop circuit connected to a line unit. The line unit feeds the loop circuit with a first signal; the detectors in alarm produce a predetermined voltage drop across the loop circuit in response to the first signal. The line unit feeds the loop circuit with a second signal in response to this voltage drop, and in response to this second signal, the detector in alarm is arranged to output a preprogrammed identification signal for the line to identify said detector.

Afin de répondre en partie au moins aux attentes exposées ci-dessus, sans nécessiter toutefois une augmentation du câblage nécessaire à l'implantation des deux détecteurs, l'invention propose un système de détection d'incendie conformément à la revendication 1.In order to at least partially meet the expectations set out above, without however requiring an increase in the wiring necessary for the implantation of the two detectors, the invention proposes a fire detection system according to claim 1.

Ainsi, bien que les deux détecteurs soient branchés en parallèle, les valeurs différentes de la résistance équivalente permettent de déterminer, depuis l'unité de détection, quel détecteur est dans l'état déterminé (c'est-à-dire par exemple par quel détecteur le feu a été détecté) et ainsi de localiser précisément la zone correspondante. Le basculement entre ces valeurs permet par ailleurs de détecter un changement d'état du second détecteur.Thus, although the two detectors are connected in parallel, the different values of the equivalent resistance make it possible to determine, from the detection unit, which detector is in the determined state (that is to say for example by which fire detector has been detected) and thus to precisely locate the corresponding area. The switching between these values also makes it possible to detect a change of state of the second detector.

Les changements de valeur d'une même grandeur permettent ainsi de transmettre simultanément à l'unité de détection l'état et la localisation d'un détecteur donné, malgré le branchement en parallèle utilisé.Value changes of the same magnitude thus make it possible to simultaneously transmit to the detection unit the state and location of a given detector, despite the parallel connection used.

L'état déterminé correspond à la détection d'un feu par le détecteur concerné.The determined state corresponds to the detection of a fire by the detector concerned.

Lorsqu'un seul détecteur sera en panne, on pourra le localiser précisément grâce à la différence entre les valeurs.When only one detector fails, it can be precisely located because of the difference between the values.

Selon une variante envisageable, on pourrait prévoir des valeurs différentes de la résistance pour les premier et second détecteurs en cas de panne.According to one conceivable variant, it would be possible to provide different values of the resistance for the first and second detectors in case of failure.

La troisième valeur diffère par exemple de plus de 10 % de la première valeur, ce qui permet d'assurer la distinction entre les valeurs formées par les deux détecteurs.The third value differs for example from more than 10% of the first value, which makes it possible to distinguish between the values formed by the two detectors.

L'unité de détection peut en outre présenter une troisième borne et un troisième détecteur connecté à la troisième borne peut alors former une valeur déterminée de la résistance en cas de détection d'un feu dans une troisième zone.The detection unit may further have a third terminal and a third detector connected to the third terminal may then form a determined value of the resistance when a fire is detected in a third zone.

On peut ainsi distinguer l'origine de l'information en déterminant quelle borne mesure la résistance concernée.We can thus distinguish the origin of the information by determining which terminal measures the resistance concerned.

On peut prévoir dans ce cas que l'unité de détection soit apte à mesurer cycliquement la résistance au niveau de la seconde borne et au niveau de la troisième borne, afin de surveiller cycliquement le premier groupe de détecteurs (premier et second détecteurs), puis le second groupe (troisième détecteur).In this case it can be provided that the detection unit is able to cyclically measure the resistance at the second terminal and at the third terminal, in order to cyclically monitor the first group of detectors (first and second detectors), then the second group (third detector).

Le troisième détecteur peut être connecté entre la troisième borne et la première borne afin de limiter les câblages nécessaires.The third detector can be connected between the third terminal and the first terminal to limit the necessary wiring.

La combinaison des deux techniques envisagées pour localiser le détecteur concerné (grandeurs électriques différentes d'une part et multiplexage temporel d'autre part), associée à l'utilisation d'une masse commune, permet d'ailleurs un compromis intéressant entre la quantité de câblages nécessaires et la fiabilité de l'information transmise.The combination of the two techniques envisaged to locate the detector concerned (different electrical quantities on the one hand and temporal multiplexing on the other hand), combined with the use of a common ground, makes it possible, moreover, an interesting compromise between the quantity of necessary cabling and the reliability of the information transmitted.

L'invention propose également un aéronef équipé d'un tel système.The invention also proposes an aircraft equipped with such a system.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lumière de la description qui suit, faits en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente un système de détection d'incendie reprenant les enseignements de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 représente le schéma électrique équivalent d'un détecteur de la figure 1 en fonctionnement normal ;
  • la figure 3 représente le schéma électrique équivalent d'un tel détecteur en cas de détection d'un feu ;
  • la figure 4 représente le schéma électrique équivalent d'un tel détecteur en cas de panne du détecteur.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the light of the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 represents a fire detection system incorporating the teachings of the invention;
  • the figure 2 represents the equivalent electrical diagram of a detector of the figure 1 in normal operation;
  • the figure 3 represents the equivalent electrical diagram of such a detector in the event of detection of a fire;
  • the figure 4 represents the equivalent electrical diagram of such a detector in the event of detector failure.

Le système de détection d'incendie représenté à la figure 1 est construit sur la base de deux canaux redondants (ou voies redondantes) afin notamment d'améliorer la détection d'un feu, chaque canal étant alimenté électriquement de manière indépendante pour une meilleure sûreté du fonctionnement.The fire detection system shown in figure 1 is built on the basis of two redundant channels (or redundant channels) in particular to improve the detection of a fire, each channel being electrically powered independently for better operational safety.

On identifiera les éléments de chaque canal au moyen d'un indice, à savoir la lettre "A" pour le premier canal dénommé "canal A" et la lettre "B" pour le second canal dénommé "canal B".The elements of each channel will be identified by means of an index, namely the letter " A " for the first channel called "channel A" and the letter " B " for the second channel called "channel B ".

On se concentrera dans la suite de la description sur les éléments du canal A, étant entendu que ceux du canal B s'en déduisent par symétrie, comme d'ailleurs bien visible sur la figure 1.We will focus in the following description on the elements of the channel A, it being understood that those of the channel B are deduced by symmetry, as also clearly visible on the figure 1 .

Une unité de détection 2A (ou FDU de l'anglais "Fire Detection Unit") surveille un ensemble de détecteurs 11A, 12A, 21A, 22A associés à une aire à surveiller S et transmet une information INFOA représentative de l'état de ces détecteurs à un module logique 4, ainsi qu'une information de commande LA d'un voyant 8A d'un module d'affichage 10.A detection unit 2 A (or FDU of the English "Fire Detection Unit ") monitors a set of detectors 11 A , 12 A , 21 A , 22 A associated with an area to be monitored S and transmits information INFO A representative of the state of these detectors to a logic module 4, and a control information L A of an indicator 8 A of a display module 10.

L'unité de détection 2A est par exemple réalisée au moyen d'un microprocesseur.The detection unit 2 A is for example made by means of a microprocessor.

Comme déjà mentionné, on s'intéresse ici à la partie de l'unité de détection 2A dédiée au canal A, sachant qu'une autre partie 2B de l'unité de détection est dédiée au canal B. Dans le cas décrit ici, les entités 2A et 2B sont en effet regroupées au sein de l'unité de détection (mais alimentées électriquement de manière indépendante). En variante, les parties 2A et 2B pourraient naturellement être réalisées comme deux unités de détection physiquement séparées.As already mentioned, we are interested here in the part of the detection unit 2 A dedicated to the channel A, knowing that another part 2 B of the detection unit is dedicated to the channel B. In the case described here , the entities 2 A and 2 B are in fact grouped within the detection unit (but independently electrically powered). Alternatively, parts 2A and 2B could of course be made as two physically separated detection units.

L'unité de détection 2A comprend une pluralité de bornes B0A, B1A, B2A pour connexion aux détecteurs 11A, 12A, 21A de l'aire à surveillez S.The detecting unit 2 A includes a plurality of terminals B0 A, B1, B2 A for connection to the sensors 11 A, 12 A, 21 A of the area to monitor S.

Parmi ces bornes, une borne de masse BOA est connectée électriquement à tous les détecteurs 11A, 12A, 21A, 22A de l'aire S qui ont donc une masse commune.Among these terminals, a ground terminal BO A is electrically connected to all the detectors 11 A , 12 A , 21 A , 22 A of the area S which therefore have a common ground.

Entre chacune des autres bornes B1A, B2A est connectée une pluralité de détecteurs (ici précisément deux détecteurs 11A, 12A pour la borne B1A et 21A, 22A pour la borne B2A) qui forment un groupe de détecteurs associé à cette borne.Between each of the other terminals B1 A , B2 A is connected a plurality of detectors (here precisely two detectors 11 A , 12 A for the terminal B1 A and 21 A , 22 A for the terminal B2 A ) which form an associated group of detectors at this marker.

L'unité de détection 2A comprend des moyens pour mesurer, successivement dans le temps et de manière périodique (c'est-à-dire cycliquement), la résistance présente entre la borne de masse B0A et chacune des autres bornes B1A, B2A, la durée de la mesure de la résistance entre deux bornes étant naturellement compatible avec le temps de réponse des détecteurs et avec le temps de réponse souhaité pour la détection d'un incendie.The detection unit 2 A comprises means for measuring, successively in time and periodically (that is to say cyclically), the resistance present between the ground terminal B0 A and each of the other terminals B1 A , B2 A , the duration of the measurement of the resistance between two terminals being naturally compatible with the response time of the detectors and with the desired response time for the detection of a fire.

L'unité de détection 2A surveille donc cycliquement (par exemple, selon les instructions d'un programme implanté dans le microprocesseur) des groupes de détecteurs (un premier groupe de détecteurs étant ici constitué par le détecteur 11A et le détecteur 12A, et un second groupe de détecteurs étant ici constitué par le détecteur 21A et le détecteur 22A). Grâce à cette technique de multiplexage temporel, l'unité de détection 2A peut déterminer une information (représentée ici par la résistance mesurée entre les bornes concernées) par groupe de détecteurs, ce qui permet une première localisation de l'origine de l'information au sein de l'aire à surveiller S.The detection unit 2 A thus cyclically monitors (for example, according to the instructions of a program implanted in the microprocessor) groups of detectors (a first group of detectors being here constituted by the detector 11 A and the detector 12 A , and a second group of detectors being constituted by the detector 21A and the detector 22A ). Thanks to this time division multiplexing technique, the detection unit 2 A can determine an information (represented here by the resistance measured between the terminals concerned) by group of detectors, which allows a first location of the origin of the information within the area to be monitored S.

On utilise en outre, dans chaque groupe de détecteurs, des détecteurs globalement identiques en terme de structure, mais qui renvoient des valeurs de résistance différentes pour une même information à transmettre (par exemple une information de détection d'un feu). On remarquera toutefois que des capteurs de deux groupes différents (c'est-à-dire différenciés par leur connexion à au moins une borne de l'unité de détection) peuvent être identiques. On peut prévoir par exemple dans le cas de la figure 1 des détecteurs 11A et 21A identiques et des détecteurs 12A et 22A identiques.In addition, in each group of detectors, detectors are generally identical in terms of structure, but which return different resistance values for the same information to be transmitted (for example a fire detection information). It will be noted, however, that sensors of two different groups (i.e., differentiated by their connection to at least one terminal of the detection unit) may be identical. For example, in the case of the figure 1 detectors 11A and 21A are identical and sensors 12 A and 22 A are identical.

La figure 2 représente le schéma électrique équivalent d'un détecteur comme ceux utilisés en figure 1 en cas de fonctionnement normal (c'est-à-dire en l'absence de panne et en l'absence de détection d'un feu).The figure 2 represents the equivalent electrical diagram of a detector like those used in figure 1 in normal operation (ie in the absence of failure and in the absence of fire detection).

Ce schéma électrique comprend l'association parallèle d'un premier interrupteur K1 et de l'association série d'un second interrupteur K2 et d'une première résistance R1. Le circuit électrique équivalent aux bornes du détecteur est formé par l'association série de cette association parallèle et d'une seconde résistance R2, comme bien visible sur la figure 2.This electrical diagram comprises the parallel association of a first switch K 1 and the series association of a second switch K 2 and a first resistor R 1 . The equivalent electrical circuit across the detector is formed by the series association of this parallel association and a second resistor R 2 , as clearly visible on the figure 2 .

Le premier interrupteur K1 est déclenché (ici fermé) par la détection d'un feu dans la zone concernée (zone Z pour lé détecteur 11A). Le second interrupteur K2 est quant à lui déclenché (ici ouvert) par la détection d'un défaut de fonctionnement du détecteur.The first switch K 1 is triggered (here closed) by the detection of a fire in the zone concerned (zone Z for the detector 11 A ). The second switch K 2 is triggered (here open) by the detection of a malfunction of the detector.

En fonctionnement normal, comme représenté à la figure 2, le premier interrupteur K1 est donc ouvert et le second interrupteur K2 est ainsi fermé, de telle sorte que le détecteur présente une résistance formée par l'association en série des résistances R1 et R2, soit une résistance équivalente R1 + R2.In normal operation, as shown in figure 2 the first switch K 1 is thus open and the second switch K 2 is thus closed, so that the detector has a resistance formed by the series connection of the resistors R 1 and R 2 , ie an equivalent resistance R 1 + R 2 .

En cas de détection d'un feu dans la zone surveillée par le détecteur, le premier interrupteur K1 se ferme et court-circuite l'association série de la première résistance R1 et du second interrupteur K2 de telle sorte que le détecteur forme une résistance équivalent de l'ordre de R2, comme représenté à la figure 3 (et ce d'ailleurs quelle que soit la position du second interrupteur K2).In case of detection of a fire in the zone monitored by the detector, the first switch K 1 closes and bypasses the series association of the first resistor R 1 and the second switch K 2 so that the detector forms an equivalent resistance of the order of R 2 , as shown in FIG. figure 3 (And this besides whatever the position of the second switch K 2 ).

En l'absence de feu, mais en présence d'une panne, comme représenté à la figure 4, les premier et second interrupteurs K1, K2 sont ouverts de telle sorte que le détecteur présente une résistance très importante, en théorie infinie.In the absence of fire, but in the presence of a breakdown, as shown in figure 4 , the first and second switches K 1 , K 2 are open so that the detector has a very high resistance, in infinite theory.

Comme déjà mentionné, on prévoit que les différents détecteurs de chaque groupe (c'est-à-dire les différents détecteurs connectés en parallèle sur deux mêmes bornes de l'unité de détection) présentent des résistances différentes. Dans le cas représenté à la figure 1, on a par exemple les valeurs de résistance des détecteurs 11A et 12A résumées dans le tableau qui suit. Résistance Détecteur 11A (Ω) Détecteur 12A (Ω) R1 2130 4300 R2 1600 860 Résistance équivalente NORMAL 3730 5160 Résistance équivalente FEU 1600 860 Résistance équivalente PANNE ∞ ∞ As already mentioned, it is expected that the different detectors of each group (that is to say the different detectors connected in parallel on the same two terminals of the detection unit) have different resistances. In the case shown in figure 1 for example, the resistance values of the detectors 11 A and 12 A summarized in the following table. Resistance 11 A (Ω) detector 12 A (Ω) detector R1 2130 4300 R2 1600 860 Equivalent resistance NORMAL 3730 5160 Equivalent resistance FIRE 1600 860 Equivalent resistance PANNE ∞ ∞

Bien que les détecteurs 11A, 12A d'un même groupe soient connectés en parallèle, il sera donc possible de déterminer de quel détecteur provient précisément l'information (et donc la zone concernée par celle-ci) puisque les valeurs associées à une même information varient d'un détecteur à l'autre.Although the detectors 11 A , 12 A of the same group are connected in parallel, it will be possible to determine from which detector precisely the information (and therefore the area concerned by it) since the values associated with a same information vary from one detector to another.

On présente dans le tableau ci-dessous la valeur de résistance mesurée par l'unité de détection 2A dans les diverses situations envisageables, résultant du montage en parallèle des détecteurs 11A et 12A et tenant compte de tolérances de +/- 5% sur la valeur des résistances R1 et R2 et de la résistance du câblage au moyen d'une marge de ± 10 % sur la valeur de résistance équivalente obtenue. Etat des détecteurs 11A et 12A Résistance équivalente (Ω) Résistance / équivalente -10% (Ω) Résistance équivalente +10% (Ω) 11A = Normal 2165 1948 2381 12A = Normal 11A = Normal 699 629 769 12A = Feu 11A = Feu 1221 1099 1343 12A = Normal 11A = Feu 559 503 615 12A = Feu 11A = Normal 3716 3345 4088 12A = Panne 11A = Feu 1597 1438 1757 12A = Panne 11A = Panne 5134 4620 5647 12A = Normal 11A = Panne 859 773 945 12A = Feu 11A = Panne ∞ ∞ ∞ 12A = Panne The resistance value measured by the detection unit 2 A is presented in the table below in the various possible situations resulting from the parallel connection of the detectors 11 A and 12 A and taking into account tolerances of +/- 5%. the value of the resistances R 1 and R 2 and the resistance of the wiring by means of a margin of ± 10% on the equivalent resistance value obtained. Status of detectors 11 A and 12 A Equivalent resistance (Ω) Resistance / equivalent -10% (Ω) Equivalent resistance + 10% (Ω) 11 A = Normal 2165 1948 2381 12 A = Normal 11 A = Normal 699 629 769 12 A = Fire 11 A = Fire 1221 1099 1343 12 A = Normal 11 A = Fire 559 503 615 12 A = Fire 11 A = Normal 3716 3345 4088 12 A = Failure 11 A = Fire 1597 1438 1757 12 A = Failure 11 A = Breakdown 5134 4620 5647 12 A = Normal 11 A = Breakdown 859 773 945 12 A = Fire 11 A = Breakdown ∞ ∞ ∞ 12 A = Failure

On remarque que les plages de valeurs définies dans le tableau ci-dessus pour chaque combinaison envisageable de l'état des détecteurs 11A et 12A ne se chevauchent pas si bien qu'il est possible de déduire l'état de chacun des deux détecteurs de la valeur de résistance mesurée par l'unité de détection 2A malgré le branchement en parallèle de ces détecteurs.Note that the ranges of values defined in the table above for each possible combination of the state of the detectors 11 A and 12 A do not overlap so that it is possible to deduce the state of each of the two detectors. the resistance value measured by the detection unit 2 A despite the parallel connection of these detectors.

On réalise ainsi la localisation précise de l'origine de l'information parmi les détecteurs d'un même groupe, avec un câblage minimal pour l'implantation des connecteurs de ce groupe.The precise location of the origin of the information among the detectors of the same group is thus achieved, with minimal wiring for the implantation of the connectors of this group.

Les informations relatives au statut de chaque détecteur, obtenues grâce au multiplexage temporel ou à la différenciation des détecteurs au moyen des résistances différentes qu'ils forment, sont transmises au module logique 4, par exemple sous la forme d'un mot binaire codé INFOA.The information relating to the status of each detector, obtained by time multiplexing or the differentiation of the detectors by means of the different resistances which they form, are transmitted to the logic module 4, for example in the form of a binary coded word INFO A. .

On prévoit ici en effet que le mot codé INFOA représente l'état des différents détecteurs 11A, 12A, 21A, 22A. En variante, on pourrait prévoir que l'unité de détection 2A communique au module logique 4 seulement des informations relatives au groupe de capteurs en cours de surveillance, de telle sorte que le module logique 4 recevrait des informations sur les différents groupes de capteurs par multiplexage temporel.Here it provides that the codeword INFO represents the state of the various sensors 11 A, 12 A, 21 A, 22 A. Alternatively, it could be provided that the detection unit 2 A communicates to the logic module 4 only information relating to the group of sensors being monitored, so that the logic module 4 would receive information on the different groups of sensors by time multiplexing.

Dans tous les cas, le module logique 4 reçoit également des informations INFOB du canal B et combine les informations reçues afin d'obtenir et de transmettre à un système informatique de gestion 6 de l'aéronef une information sure relative à la détection éventuelle de feu dans les différentes zones Z de l'aire surveillée S.In all cases, the logic module 4 also receives information INFO B of the channel B and combines the received information in order to obtain and transmit to a computer management system 6 of the aircraft reliable information relating to the possible detection of fire in the different zones Z of the monitored area S.

Comme déjà mentionné, l'unité de détection 2A peut également commander l'allumage d'un voyant 8A lorsqu'un feu est détecté dans l'une quelconque des zones Z de l'aire à surveiller S.As already mentioned, the detection unit 2 A can also control the lighting of an 8 A warning light when a fire is detected in any one of the zones Z of the area to be monitored S.

Le mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit ne représente qu'un exemple possible de mise en oeuvre de l'invention.The embodiment which has just been described represents only one possible example of implementation of the invention.

Claims (8)

  1. Fire detection system comprising:
    - a detection unit (2A) able to measure a resistance between a first terminal (B0A) and a second terminal (B1A), and
    - a first detector (11A) connected to the first and second terminals (B0A, B1A) and able to form a first resistance value in a fire detection state and a second resistance value in normal operation,
    characterised by:
    - a second detector (12A) connected to the first and second terminals (B0A, B1A) and able to form a third resistance value in the said fire detection state and a fourth resistance value in normal operation, the first value and the fourth value being different from the third value;
    the first, second, third and fourth values being such that the equivalent resistance values of connecting the first and second detectors in parallel lie within value ranges that do not respectively overlap when the first detector forms the first value and the second detector forms the third value, when the first detector forms the second value and the second detector forms the third value, when the first detector forms the first value and the second detector forms the fourth value, and when the first detector forms the second value and the second detector forms the fourth value.
  2. Detection system according to claim 1, in which the fourth value is different from the second value.
  3. Detection system according to claim 1 or 2, in which the first detector (11A) is able to form a fifth value of the electrical parameter in the event of a fault and in which the second detector (12A) is able to form the fifth value of the electrical parameter in the event of a fault.
  4. Detection system according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the third value differs from the first value by more than 10%.
  5. Detection system according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the detection unit has a third terminal (B2A) and in which a third detector (21A; 22A) connected to the third terminal is able to form a determined value of the electrical parameter if fire is detected in a third zone.
  6. Detection system according to claim 5, in which the detection unit (2A) is able cyclically to measure the electrical parameter at the second terminal (B1A) and at the third terminal (B2A).
  7. Detection system according to claim 5 or 6, in which the third detector (21A; 22A) is connected between the third terminal (B2A) and the first terminal (B0A).
  8. Aircraft, characterised in that it comprises a fire detection system according to one of claims 1 to 8.
EP07731021.7A 2006-02-24 2007-02-21 Fire detection system and aircraft equipped with such a system Not-in-force EP1986751B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0650657A FR2897968B1 (en) 2006-02-24 2006-02-24 FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM AND AIRCRAFT EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A SYSTEM
PCT/FR2007/000314 WO2007096523A2 (en) 2006-02-24 2007-02-21 Fire detection system and aircraft equipped with such a system

Publications (2)

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EP1986751A2 EP1986751A2 (en) 2008-11-05
EP1986751B1 true EP1986751B1 (en) 2015-12-23

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US (1) US8094030B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1986751B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5507850B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101389381B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0707012A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2643236C (en)
FR (1) FR2897968B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2008137964A (en)
WO (1) WO2007096523A2 (en)

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BRPI0707012A2 (en) 2011-04-12
JP2009527834A (en) 2009-07-30
EP1986751A2 (en) 2008-11-05
WO2007096523A3 (en) 2007-10-11
WO2007096523A2 (en) 2007-08-30
RU2008137964A (en) 2010-03-27
FR2897968A1 (en) 2007-08-31
CN101389381A (en) 2009-03-18
CA2643236A1 (en) 2007-08-30
CA2643236C (en) 2014-07-22
US8094030B2 (en) 2012-01-10
FR2897968B1 (en) 2008-11-21
US20090251322A1 (en) 2009-10-08
JP5507850B2 (en) 2014-05-28
CN101389381B (en) 2012-12-26

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