EP1985810A1 - Turbomachine vane damper - Google Patents

Turbomachine vane damper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1985810A1
EP1985810A1 EP08155206A EP08155206A EP1985810A1 EP 1985810 A1 EP1985810 A1 EP 1985810A1 EP 08155206 A EP08155206 A EP 08155206A EP 08155206 A EP08155206 A EP 08155206A EP 1985810 A1 EP1985810 A1 EP 1985810A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
damper
weight
rotor
rim
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08155206A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1985810B1 (en
Inventor
Eric Lefebvre
Mathieu Caucheteux
Goran Durdevic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA SAS filed Critical SNECMA SAS
Publication of EP1985810A1 publication Critical patent/EP1985810A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1985810B1 publication Critical patent/EP1985810B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/26—Antivibration means not restricted to blade form or construction or to blade-to-blade connections or to the use of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3092—Protective layers between blade root and rotor disc surfaces, e.g. anti-friction layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/32—Locking, e.g. by final locking blades or keys
    • F01D5/323—Locking of axial insertion type blades by means of a key or the like parallel to the axis of the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
    • F05D2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
    • F05D2250/314—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being inclined in relation to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05D2260/38—Retaining components in desired mutual position by a spring, i.e. spring loaded or biased towards a certain position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/601—Fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00—Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/50—Vibration damping features

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of turbomachines comprising at least one rotor disk provided with blades on the rim, and relates to a dynamic damper mounted under the platform of the blades. It is more particularly axial compressors,
  • a turbomachine concerned by the invention is an axial compressor or an axial turbine of the type comprising at least one rotor disc with recesses dug on its rim for blades which extend radially relative to the axis of the machine.
  • the blades themselves include a foot, a blade and in between a platform. The foot is embedded in the disk housing, the blade is swept by the engine gas flow and the platform forms a portion of the radially inner surface of the gas stream.
  • Dynamic damping aims at modifying the dynamic behavior of the blades of the turbomachine by adding a mass under the platforms of the blades. The forces thus generated in operation make it possible to reduce the dynamic stresses in the blade root by changing the natural frequencies of vibration.
  • dampers are known among which there are glued dampers and reported dampers: the glued dampers are directly fixed by gluing to the inner surface of the platforms, that is to say the surface facing the axis of the machine. This solution has no mounting problem. It requires, however, that the weights are accurately positioned before gluing and a sufficiently strong glue to prevent loss of shock in operation.
  • the dampers reported are arranged between the blades. In operation they are centrifuged and stopped radially by the blade platforms. This system requires an appropriate environment, accessible so as to allow both the mounting and the maintenance in place of the dampers. Unlike the previous solution we do not encounter cases with loss of damper because there is no bonding. Problems of wear can appear however due to the friction of the parts with each other.
  • a damper for turbomachine blades arranged to be housed between the underside of the platforms of two adjacent blades of a turbomachine and the rim of the rotor disc on which the blades are mounted, is characterized by the fact that it comprises a weight, a sole shaped to bear on said rim and a spring, the spring connecting the weight to the sole and at least the weight is made of composite material.
  • the solution of the invention by the spring function makes it possible to design a damper whose shape makes it possible to put it in place in the inaccessible spaces and to ensure a maintenance by limiting the friction reducing the risk of wear.
  • the flyweight comprises a portion of surface of contact with the platforms, said surface portion forming, when the spring is at rest, an angle less than 90 ° with the sole, said angle being determined by the angle that forms the inner face of the platforms with the rim.
  • the damper thus has a form deformable wedge easily manipulated.
  • the spring is a blade secured to one end of the weight and the sole at its opposite end.
  • the weight is made of composite material, the latter material allows a wide choice of density of the weight while offering great flexibility of shape. More particularly, the material is an impregnated textile.
  • the portion of the spring damper can be distinguished from the feeder portion in the choice of materials used and their structure.
  • the flyweight may include at least one density insert distinct from the density of the impregnated material.
  • the insert is determined according to the target density for the damper. It may be a metal insert for example if the density is to be increased or a foam material if on the contrary the density must be reduced.
  • the damper comprises on at least one free end of the sole or the weight of a blade portion forming a stop or a fixing hook.
  • the mass of the damper is adjusted so as to be interchangeable without requiring rebalancing of the rotor on which it is mounted.
  • the adjustment of the mass is done simply by removal of material in the area of the center of gravity of the weight.
  • the Applicant also intends to protect a turbomachine rotor comprising a rim with individual cells and blades having a foot housed in the cells, a blade and a platform between the foot and the blade. It is characterized in that dampers as defined above are housed in the spaces between the rim and two platforms of two adjacent blades. In order to take advantage of such a structure the springs of the dampers are pre-stressed during assembly.
  • a damper 1 according to the invention. It comprises a flyweight 11, a spring 12 and a sole 13.
  • the flyweight is shaped to the environment in which the damper is intended to be mounted.
  • the weight is elongated for mounting in the free space between two adjacent blades of a gas turbine engine compressor, under the platforms of the two blades.
  • the weight has two surfaces 11A and 11B of contact with the platforms, and two side surfaces 11C and 11D.
  • the weight 11 is extended at one end by a spring 12 shaped curved blade about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the weight.
  • the leaf spring 12 is connected to a flat plate-shaped sole.
  • the flyweight forms in the example shown an angle with the plane of the sole when the spring is at rest, unconstrained.
  • the ends of the weight and the sole opposite the spring each comprise a hook-shaped folded blade, 14 and 15 respectively.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 show the damper in place in a turbomachine rotor.
  • it is a compressor rotor 2, known per se, seen, on the figure 3 from downstream in the direction of gas flow.
  • This rotor 2 is composed of a disc 3 and a plurality of blades 4 at its periphery.
  • the rim 31 is provided with substantially axial cells 31 'distributed around its circumference. In this example the cells 31 'are section dovetail.
  • the blades 4 have a foot 41, a platform 42 and a blade 43.
  • the foot in its lower portion 41 ' has a dovetail section, complementary to that of the cells.
  • the cells thus have surfaces forming radial retaining surfaces of the blades against the centrifugal forces.
  • Foot also includes a stub 41 "under the platform 42.
  • This stilt is provided with a hook 41 '''facing downstream.This hook cooperates with a not shown ring which cooperates with the downstream face of the rim to lock the blades
  • the locking can also be ensured by wedges arranged under the blade between the foot and the bottom of the cell.
  • Figures 3 and 4 the platforms 42 are inclined relative to the surface of the rim. This is a compressor where the platforms define the section reduction of the air stream in compression.
  • the damper 1 in place between two adjacent blades, is disposed in the space defined under the two platforms 42 between the rim 31 and the two stilts 41 ''.
  • the spring 12 is arranged to be under tension so that the weight 11 remains pressed against the platforms 42 permanently.
  • the sole by reaction is supported and pressed against the rim 31.
  • the two hook blades 14 and 15 are made to engage one 14 under the radial rib 42 ', the other 15 against the downstream edge of the rim 31.
  • the damper is visible only by the two hook blades 14 and 15 which thus fulfill the keying function. We can check at a glance either their absence or a wrong assembly. It is understood that the surfaces 11A, 11B, 11C and 11D, coming into contact against the vanes are shaped accordingly.
  • the damper is preferably made of composite material.
  • the manufacturing technique comprises making a stack of several layers of fabrics impregnated with an organic resin in a mold; then the polymerization of the resin in an autoclave.
  • the material can be obtained from a preformed texture of resin-injected woven fibers using a process such as that described in US Pat. FR 2759096 in the name of the plaintiff.
  • the texture can be of type 2D (D for dimension) 3D or that known under the designation 2.5D.
  • the fibers may be based on a single material or different materials, for example a mixture of carbon fibers with glass fibers and fibers known as Kevlar ®.
  • the entire damper can be made in one piece or in several separate elements that are assembled.
  • the materials may differ.
  • the fibers forming the reinforcement of the spring element and or sole may be different from the element forming the flyweight. The choice is conditioned by the desired properties of one element with respect to the other.
  • one or more inserts 116 in the fibrous structure of the weight 110 of the damper 100 as a function of the density that it is desired to obtain.
  • a metal insert makes it possible to increase the density
  • an insert with foam structure, in the form of foam makes it possible to reduce the density of the weight.
  • the structure of the damper, spring 112 and sole 113 is not different from the damper 10
  • the figure 9 shows another embodiment of shock absorber 200 in which the surface in contact with the platforms has been reduced to areas, such as 211B1 and 211B2, of reduced extent and located along the weight. This is to locate the effort on the platforms of the blades to improve the effectiveness of the damper. These areas can be obtained by machining the surface of the weight.
  • the figure 10 shows another alternative embodiment of the damper according to the invention.
  • the damper 300 comprises an additional weight 317 fixed on the spring 312 forward relative to the weight 311. This solution allows when necessary to distribute the dynamic damping forces along the blade platform.
  • the damper 300 may be made in one piece as the previous embodiments or in several elements attached to each other.
  • the structure of the damper makes it possible to ensure a very precise mass calibration.
  • the weight of the weight is adjusted by removal of material by digging a cavity around the center of gravity in the axis of inertia of the weight as seen on the figure 11 .
  • the sole is pierced at 13 'and the cavity 19, which is seen in transparency, is hollowed out along the axis of inertia J.
  • This adjustment makes it possible to produce identical dampers in mass with a precision of up to 0 5g.
  • it provides a surplus of material manufacturing around the center of gravity. All the dampers thus produced are interchangeable with each other. This makes it possible to limit the differences in distribution of the masses likely to generate unbalance in the rotor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The damper (10) has a base plate (13) supported on a disk rim of a rotor of a turbomachine e.g. high pressure gas turbine engine axial compressor, and a spring plate (12). The plate (12) connects an elongated conterweight (11) with the plate (13), where the counterweight is made of composite material i.e. impregnated fabric. The counterweight has contact surface portions that are contacted with platforms of vanes. The portions form an angle that is lower than 90 degree, with the plate (13), when the plate (12) is at rest.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des turbomachines comprenant au moins un disque de rotor pourvu d'aubes sur la jante, et porte sur un amortisseur dynamique monté sous la plateforme des aubes. Elle vise plus particulièrement les compresseurs axiaux,The present invention relates to the field of turbomachines comprising at least one rotor disk provided with blades on the rim, and relates to a dynamic damper mounted under the platform of the blades. It is more particularly axial compressors,

Une turbomachine concernée par l'invention est un compresseur axial ou une turbine axiale du type comprenant au moins un disque rotor avec des logements creusés sur sa jante pour des aubes qui s'étendent radialement par rapport à l'axe de la machine. Les aubes comprennent elles mêmes un pied, une pale et entre les deux une plateforme. Le pied est encastré dans le logement du disque, la pale est balayée par le flux gazeux moteur et la plateforme forme une portion de la surface radialement interne de la veine gazeuse.A turbomachine concerned by the invention is an axial compressor or an axial turbine of the type comprising at least one rotor disc with recesses dug on its rim for blades which extend radially relative to the axis of the machine. The blades themselves include a foot, a blade and in between a platform. The foot is embedded in the disk housing, the blade is swept by the engine gas flow and the platform forms a portion of the radially inner surface of the gas stream.

L'amortissement dynamique vise à modifier le comportement dynamique des aubes de la turbomachine par ajout d'une masse sous les plateformes des aubes. Les efforts ainsi générés en fonctionnement permettent de diminuer les contraintes dynamiques dans le pied des aubes en changeant les fréquences propres de vibration.Dynamic damping aims at modifying the dynamic behavior of the blades of the turbomachine by adding a mass under the platforms of the blades. The forces thus generated in operation make it possible to reduce the dynamic stresses in the blade root by changing the natural frequencies of vibration.

On connaît plusieurs types d'amortisseurs parmi lesquels on trouve des amortisseurs collés et des amortisseurs rapportés : les amortisseurs collés sont directement fixés par collage à la surface intérieure des plateformes, c'est-à-dire la surface tournée vers l'axe de la machine. Cette solution ne présente aucun problème de montage. Elle demande cependant que les masselottes soient positionnées avec précision avant leur collage et une colle suffisamment résistante pour éviter les pertes d'amortisseur en fonctionnement.Several types of dampers are known among which there are glued dampers and reported dampers: the glued dampers are directly fixed by gluing to the inner surface of the platforms, that is to say the surface facing the axis of the machine. This solution has no mounting problem. It requires, however, that the weights are accurately positioned before gluing and a sufficiently strong glue to prevent loss of shock in operation.

Les amortisseurs rapportés sont disposés entre les aubes. En fonctionnement ils sont centrifugés et arrêtés radialement par les plateformes des aubes. Ce système demande un environnement approprié, accessible de façon à permettre à la fois le montage et le maintien en place des amortisseurs. Contrairement à la solution précédente on ne rencontre pas de cas avec perte d'amortisseur car il n'y a pas de collage. Des problèmes d'usure peuvent apparaître cependant dus au frottement des pièces les unes avec les autres.The dampers reported are arranged between the blades. In operation they are centrifuged and stopped radially by the blade platforms. This system requires an appropriate environment, accessible so as to allow both the mounting and the maintenance in place of the dampers. Unlike the previous solution we do not encounter cases with loss of damper because there is no bonding. Problems of wear can appear however due to the friction of the parts with each other.

La demanderesse s'est fixé l'objectif d'améliorer la technique des amortisseurs rapportés sur deux plans :

  • Permettre leur mise en place dans un environnement à faible accessibilité, tel que la première roue mobile d'un compresseur à haute pression.
  • Réduire l'usure par frottement relatif en rattrapant les jeux entre les différentes pièces de l'environnement en contact avec l'amortisseur.
The applicant has set itself the objective of improving the technique of shock absorbers reported on two levels:
  • Allow them to be set up in a low-accessibility environment, such as the first impeller of a high-pressure compressor.
  • Reduce the wear by relative friction by catching the games between the different parts of the environment in contact with the shock absorber.

On parvient par l'invention à réaliser un amortisseur satisfaisant à ces conditions.It is possible by the invention to provide a damper satisfying these conditions.

Un amortisseur pour aubes de turbomachine, conforme à l'invention, agencé pour être logé entre la face inférieure des plateformes de deux aubes adjacentes d'une turbomachine et la jante du disque de rotor sur lequel les aubes sont montées, est caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend une masselotte, une semelle conformée pour prendre appui sur ladite jante et un ressort, le ressort reliant la masselotte à la semelle et dont au moins la masselotte est réalisée en matériau composite.A damper for turbomachine blades, according to the invention, arranged to be housed between the underside of the platforms of two adjacent blades of a turbomachine and the rim of the rotor disc on which the blades are mounted, is characterized by the fact that it comprises a weight, a sole shaped to bear on said rim and a spring, the spring connecting the weight to the sole and at least the weight is made of composite material.

La solution de l'invention par la fonction ressort permet de concevoir un amortisseur dont la forme rend sa mise en place possible dans les espaces peu accessibles et d'assurer un maintien en limitant le frottement diminuant les risques d'usure.The solution of the invention by the spring function makes it possible to design a damper whose shape makes it possible to put it in place in the inaccessible spaces and to ensure a maintenance by limiting the friction reducing the risk of wear.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la masselotte comprend une portion de surface de contact avec les plateformes, ladite portion de surface formant, lorsque le ressort est au repos, un angle inférieur à 90° avec la semelle, ledit angle étant déterminé par l'angle que forme la face intérieure des plateformes avec la jante. L'amortisseur a ainsi une forme en coin déformable aisément manipulable.According to one embodiment, the flyweight comprises a portion of surface of contact with the platforms, said surface portion forming, when the spring is at rest, an angle less than 90 ° with the sole, said angle being determined by the angle that forms the inner face of the platforms with the rim. The damper thus has a form deformable wedge easily manipulated.

Plus particulièrement, le ressort est une lame solidaire à une extrémité de la masselotte et à la semelle à son extrémité opposée.More particularly, the spring is a blade secured to one end of the weight and the sole at its opposite end.

La masselotte étant réalisée en matériau composite, ce dernier matériau autorise un large choix de masse volumique de la masselotte tout en offrant une grande flexibilité de forme. Plus particulièrement le matériau est un textile imprégné. La partie de l'amortisseur formant ressort peut se distinguer de la partie formant masselotte dans le choix des matériaux utilisés et leur structure.The weight is made of composite material, the latter material allows a wide choice of density of the weight while offering great flexibility of shape. More particularly, the material is an impregnated textile. The portion of the spring damper can be distinguished from the feeder portion in the choice of materials used and their structure.

La masselotte, selon les besoins, peut comprendre au moins un insert de masse volumique distincte de la masse volumique du matériau imprégné. L'insert est déterminé en fonction de la masse volumique visée pour l'amortisseur. Il peut s'agir d'un insert en métal par exemple si la masse volumique doit être augmentée ou bien un matériau à base de mousse si au contraire la masse volumique doit être réduite.The flyweight, as required, may include at least one density insert distinct from the density of the impregnated material. The insert is determined according to the target density for the damper. It may be a metal insert for example if the density is to be increased or a foam material if on the contrary the density must be reduced.

Afin de faciliter le montage, l'amortisseur comprend sur au moins une extrémité libre de la semelle ou de la masselotte une portion de lame formant une butée ou un crochet de fixation.To facilitate assembly, the damper comprises on at least one free end of the sole or the weight of a blade portion forming a stop or a fixing hook.

Conformément à une autre caractéristique, la masse de l'amortisseur est ajustée de manière à être interchangeable sans nécessiter de rééquilibrage du rotor sur lequel il est monté. L'ajustement de la masse est fait simplement par enlèvement de matière dans la zone du centre de gravité de la masselotte.According to another characteristic, the mass of the damper is adjusted so as to be interchangeable without requiring rebalancing of the rotor on which it is mounted. The adjustment of the mass is done simply by removal of material in the area of the center of gravity of the weight.

Si cela est nécessaire on peut encore ajuster la masse de l'amortisseur avec une seconde masselotte fixée dans le prolongement de ladite masselotte du côté du ressort.If necessary it is still possible to adjust the mass of the damper with a second flyweight fixed in the extension of said weight on the side of the spring.

La demanderesse entend aussi protéger un rotor de turbomachine comprenant une jante avec des alvéoles individuelles et des aubes comportant un pied logé dans les alvéoles, une pale et une plateforme entre le pied et la pale. Il est caractérisé par le fait que des amortisseurs tels que définis précédemment sont logés dans les espaces entre la jante et deux plateformes de deux aubes adjacentes. Afin de retirer le bénéfice d'une telle structure les ressorts des amortisseurs sont précontraints au montage.The Applicant also intends to protect a turbomachine rotor comprising a rim with individual cells and blades having a foot housed in the cells, a blade and a platform between the foot and the blade. It is characterized in that dampers as defined above are housed in the spaces between the rim and two platforms of two adjacent blades. In order to take advantage of such a structure the springs of the dampers are pre-stressed during assembly.

On décrit maintenant un mode de réalisation de l'invention, plus en détail, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 montre en perspective cavalière un amortisseur de l'invention,
  • La figure 2 montre le même amortisseur selon un autre angle de vue,
  • La figure 3 montre l'amortisseur de l'invention en place dans un rotor de compresseur axial de moteur à turbine à gaz, le rotor étant représenté selon une vue partielle, en perspective,
  • La figure 4 montre l'amortisseur en place comme dans la figure 3, le rotor étant vu en coupe selon un plan radial contenant l'axe du rotor,
  • Les figures 5, 6 et 7 montrent les étapes de montage de l'amortisseur sur le rotor des figures 3 et 4 ;
  • La figure 8 montre une variante de réalisation de l'amortisseur avec inserts,
  • La figure 9 montre une variante avec modification de la surface de contact,
  • La figure 10 montre une autre variante avec une masselotte additionnelle,
  • La figure 11 montre l'ajustement de la masse d'un amortisseur par enlèvement de matière.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • The figure 1 cavalier perspective watch a damper of the invention,
  • The figure 2 shows the same shock absorber according to another angle of view,
  • The figure 3 shows the damper of the invention in place in an axial compressor rotor of gas turbine engine, the rotor being shown in a partial view, in perspective,
  • The figure 4 shows the damper in place as in the figure 3 , the rotor being seen in section along a radial plane containing the axis of the rotor,
  • The Figures 5, 6 and 7 show the mounting steps of the damper on the rotor of the Figures 3 and 4 ;
  • The figure 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the damper with inserts,
  • The figure 9 shows a variant with modification of the contact surface,
  • The figure 10 shows another variant with an additional weight,
  • The figure 11 shows the adjustment of the mass of a shock absorber by removal of material.

On a représenté en perspective sur les figures 1 et 2 un amortisseur 1 conforme à l'invention. Il comprend une masselotte 11, un ressort 12 et une semelle 13. La masselotte est de forme adaptée à l'environnement dans lequel l'amortisseur est destiné à être monté. Dans cet exemple la masselotte est de forme allongée pour un montage dans l'espace libre entre deux aubes adjacentes d'un compresseur de moteur à turbine à gaz, sous les plateformes des deux aubes. La masselotte présente deux surfaces 11A et 11B de contact avec les plateformes, et deux surfaces latérales 11C et 11D. La masselotte 11 se prolonge à une extrémité par un ressort 12 en forme de lame incurvée autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale de la masselotte. La lame de ressort 12 est reliée à une semelle plane en forme de lame. La masselotte forme dans l'exemple représenté un angle avec le plan de la semelle lorsque le ressort est au repos, non contraint. Les extrémités de la masselotte et de la semelle opposées au ressort comprennent chacune une lame pliée en forme de crochet, 14 et 15 respectivement.In perspective, we have represented Figures 1 and 2 a damper 1 according to the invention. It comprises a flyweight 11, a spring 12 and a sole 13. The flyweight is shaped to the environment in which the damper is intended to be mounted. In this example the weight is elongated for mounting in the free space between two adjacent blades of a gas turbine engine compressor, under the platforms of the two blades. The weight has two surfaces 11A and 11B of contact with the platforms, and two side surfaces 11C and 11D. The weight 11 is extended at one end by a spring 12 shaped curved blade about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the weight. The leaf spring 12 is connected to a flat plate-shaped sole. The flyweight forms in the example shown an angle with the plane of the sole when the spring is at rest, unconstrained. The ends of the weight and the sole opposite the spring each comprise a hook-shaped folded blade, 14 and 15 respectively.

Les figures 3 et 4 montrent l'amortisseur en place dans un rotor de turbomachine. Selon l'exemple, il s'agit d'un rotor de compresseur 2, connu en soi, vu, sur la figure 3, depuis l'aval selon la direction d'écoulement des gaz. Ce rotor 2 est composé d'un disque 3 et d'une pluralité d'aubes 4 à sa périphérie. La jante 31 est pourvue d'alvéoles 31' sensiblement axiales réparties sur son pourtour. Dans cet exemple les alvéoles 31' sont à section en queue d'aronde.The Figures 3 and 4 show the damper in place in a turbomachine rotor. According to the example, it is a compressor rotor 2, known per se, seen, on the figure 3 from downstream in the direction of gas flow. This rotor 2 is composed of a disc 3 and a plurality of blades 4 at its periphery. The rim 31 is provided with substantially axial cells 31 'distributed around its circumference. In this example the cells 31 'are section dovetail.

Les aubes 4 ont un pied 41, une plateforme 42 et une pale 43. Le pied dans sa partie inférieure 41' est à section en queue d'aronde, complémentaire de celle des alvéoles. Les alvéoles présentent ainsi des surfaces formant des portées de retenue radiale des aubes contre les forces centrifuges. Le pied comprend aussi une échasse 41" sous la plateforme 42. Cette échasse est pourvue d'un crochet 41''' tournée vers l'aval. Ce crochet coopère avec un anneau non représenté qui coopère avec la face aval de la jante pour verrouiller les aubes axialement. Le verrouillage peut être assuré aussi par des cales disposées sous l'aube entre le pied et le fond de l'alvéole. Comme on le voit sur les figures 3 et 4, les plateformes 42 sont inclinées par rapport à la surface de la jante. Il s'agit ici d'un compresseur où les plateformes définissent la réduction de section de la veine d'air en compression. Une nervure transversale 42' s'étend radialement sous la plateforme 42 vers l'axe du rotor du côté aval de l'aube.The blades 4 have a foot 41, a platform 42 and a blade 43. The foot in its lower portion 41 'has a dovetail section, complementary to that of the cells. The cells thus have surfaces forming radial retaining surfaces of the blades against the centrifugal forces. Foot also includes a stub 41 "under the platform 42. This stilt is provided with a hook 41 '''facing downstream.This hook cooperates with a not shown ring which cooperates with the downstream face of the rim to lock the blades The locking can also be ensured by wedges arranged under the blade between the foot and the bottom of the cell. Figures 3 and 4 the platforms 42 are inclined relative to the surface of the rim. This is a compressor where the platforms define the section reduction of the air stream in compression. A transverse rib 42 'extends radially under the platform 42 towards the axis of the rotor on the downstream side of the blade.

L'amortisseur 1, en place entre deux aubes adjacentes, est disposé dans l'espace défini sous les deux plateformes 42 entre la jante 31 et les deux échasses 41''. Le ressort 12 est agencé pour être sous tension de telle façon que la masselotte 11 reste plaquée en permanence contre les plateformes 42. La semelle par réaction est en appui et plaquée contre la jante 31. Les deux lames crochets 14 et 15 sont réalisées de manière à venir en prise l'une 14 sous la nervure radiale 42', l'autre 15 contre le bord aval de la jante 31. Sur la figure 3, l'amortisseur est visible seulement par les deux lames crochets 14 et 15 qui remplissent ainsi la fonction de détrompeur. On peut ainsi vérifier d'un seul coup d'oeil soit leur absence soit un montage erroné. On comprend que les surfaces 11A, 11B, 11C et 11D, venant au contact en appui contre les aubes sont conformées en conséquence.The damper 1, in place between two adjacent blades, is disposed in the space defined under the two platforms 42 between the rim 31 and the two stilts 41 ''. The spring 12 is arranged to be under tension so that the weight 11 remains pressed against the platforms 42 permanently. The sole by reaction is supported and pressed against the rim 31. The two hook blades 14 and 15 are made to engage one 14 under the radial rib 42 ', the other 15 against the downstream edge of the rim 31. On the figure 3 , the damper is visible only by the two hook blades 14 and 15 which thus fulfill the keying function. We can check at a glance either their absence or a wrong assembly. It is understood that the surfaces 11A, 11B, 11C and 11D, coming into contact against the vanes are shaped accordingly.

Sur les figures 5, 6 et 7, on a représenté les étapes du montage de l'amortisseur. On voit que le passage entre la nervure radiale 42' et la jante 31 du disque est faible. Il suffit de pincer l'amortisseur et ramener la masselotte contre la semelle. Dans cette configuration, l'amortisseur peut être glissé dans le passage selon la direction de la flèche, Figure 6. Lorsque l'amortisseur est suffisamment engagé, le ressort force la masselotte contre les plateformes 42 selon la direction de la flèche de la figure 7. Le crochet 14 se met en place aussi sur la nervure et la lame 15 vient en appui contre le bord de la jante 31.On the Figures 5, 6 and 7 the steps of mounting the damper are shown. It can be seen that the passage between the radial rib 42 'and the rim 31 of the disk is weak. Simply pinch the damper and bring the weight back against the sole. In this configuration, the damper can be slid into the passage in the direction of the arrow, Figure 6 . When the damper is sufficiently engaged, the spring forces the weight against the platforms 42 in the direction of the arrow of the figure 7 . The hook 14 is also placed on the rib and the blade 15 bears against the edge of the rim 31.

L'amortisseur est de préférence réalisé en matériau composite. La technique de fabrication comprend la réalisation d'un empilement de plusieurs couches de tissus imprégnés d'une résine organique dans un moule ; puis la polymérisation de la résine en autoclave.The damper is preferably made of composite material. The manufacturing technique comprises making a stack of several layers of fabrics impregnated with an organic resin in a mold; then the polymerization of the resin in an autoclave.

Le matériau peut être obtenu à partir d'une texture préformée de fibres tissées injectée par de la résine en utilisant un procédé tel que celui décrit dans le brevet FR 2759096 au nom de la demanderesse. La texture peut de type 2D (D pour dimension) 3D ou encore celle connue sous la désignation 2.5D. Les fibres peuvent être à base d'un seul matériau ou de matériaux différents, par exemple un mélange de fibres en carbone avec des fibres en verre et des fibres connues sous la marque Kevlar ®.The material can be obtained from a preformed texture of resin-injected woven fibers using a process such as that described in US Pat. FR 2759096 in the name of the plaintiff. The texture can be of type 2D (D for dimension) 3D or that known under the designation 2.5D. The fibers may be based on a single material or different materials, for example a mixture of carbon fibers with glass fibers and fibers known as Kevlar ®.

L'ensemble de l'amortisseur peut être réalisé d'une seule pièce ou bien en plusieurs éléments séparés que l'on assemble. Les matériaux peuvent différer. Par exemple, les fibres formant l'armature de l'élément ressort et ou semelle peuvent être différentes de l'élément formant la masselotte. Le choix est conditionné par les propriétés recherchées d'un élément par rapport à l'autre.The entire damper can be made in one piece or in several separate elements that are assembled. The materials may differ. For example, the fibers forming the reinforcement of the spring element and or sole may be different from the element forming the flyweight. The choice is conditioned by the desired properties of one element with respect to the other.

Conformément à une variante on incorpore, voir la figure 8, un ou plusieurs inserts 116 dans la structure fibreuse de la masselotte 110 de l'amortisseur 100 en fonction de la masse volumique que l'on souhaite obtenir. Un insert métallique permet d'augmenter la masse volumique, un insert à structure alvéolaire, en forme de mousse, permet de réduire la masse volumique de la masselotte. La structure de l'amortisseur, ressort 112 et semelle 113 par ailleurs n'est pas différente de l'amortisseur 10According to a variant, it is incorporated, see figure 8 , one or more inserts 116 in the fibrous structure of the weight 110 of the damper 100 as a function of the density that it is desired to obtain. A metal insert makes it possible to increase the density, an insert with foam structure, in the form of foam, makes it possible to reduce the density of the weight. The structure of the damper, spring 112 and sole 113 is not different from the damper 10

La figure 9 montre une autre variante de réalisation d'amortisseur 200 dans laquelle on a réduit la surface en contact avec les plateformes à des zones, telles que 211B1 et 211B2, d'étendue réduite et localisées le long de la masselotte. Il s'agit de localiser l'effort sur les plateformes des aubes afin d'améliorer l'efficacité de l'amortisseur. Ces zones peuvent être obtenues par usinage de la surface de la masselotte.The figure 9 shows another embodiment of shock absorber 200 in which the surface in contact with the platforms has been reduced to areas, such as 211B1 and 211B2, of reduced extent and located along the weight. This is to locate the effort on the platforms of the blades to improve the effectiveness of the damper. These areas can be obtained by machining the surface of the weight.

La figure 10 montre une autre variante de réalisation de l'amortisseur selon l'invention. L'amortisseur 300 comprend une masselotte additionnelle 317 fixée sur le ressort 312 en avant par rapport à la masselotte 311. Cette solution permet lorsque cela est nécessaire de répartir les efforts d'amortissement dynamique le long de la plateforme des aubes. L'amortisseur 300 peut être réalisé en une seule pièce comme les précédentes réalisations ou bien en plusieurs éléments fixés les uns aux autres.The figure 10 shows another alternative embodiment of the damper according to the invention. The damper 300 comprises an additional weight 317 fixed on the spring 312 forward relative to the weight 311. This solution allows when necessary to distribute the dynamic damping forces along the blade platform. The damper 300 may be made in one piece as the previous embodiments or in several elements attached to each other.

La structure de l'amortisseur permet d'en assurer un calibrage en masse très précis. Avantageusement, on ajuste la masse de la masselotte par enlèvement de matière en creusant une cavité autour du centre de gravité dans l'axe d'inertie de la masselotte comme on le voit sur la figure 11. On perce la semelle en 13' et on vient creuser la cavité 19, que l'on voit en transparence, le long de l'axe d'inertie J. Cet ajustement permet de réaliser des amortisseurs identiques en masse avec une précision pouvant atteindre 0,5g. Afin de donner une marge de réglage et faciliter cet ajustement en masse, on prévoit un surplus de matière à la fabrication situé autour du centre de gravité. Tous les amortisseurs ainsi réalisés sont interchangeables les uns avec les autres. Cela permet de limiter les écarts de distribution des masses susceptibles de générer des balourds dans le rotor.The structure of the damper makes it possible to ensure a very precise mass calibration. Advantageously, the weight of the weight is adjusted by removal of material by digging a cavity around the center of gravity in the axis of inertia of the weight as seen on the figure 11 . The sole is pierced at 13 'and the cavity 19, which is seen in transparency, is hollowed out along the axis of inertia J. This adjustment makes it possible to produce identical dampers in mass with a precision of up to 0 5g. In order to provide a margin of adjustment and facilitate this adjustment in mass, it provides a surplus of material manufacturing around the center of gravity. All the dampers thus produced are interchangeable with each other. This makes it possible to limit the differences in distribution of the masses likely to generate unbalance in the rotor.

Claims (13)

Amortisseur pour aubes de turbomachine, agencé pour être logé entre la face inférieure des plateformes de deux aubes adjacentes de turbomachine et la jante du disque de rotor sur lequel les aubes sont montées, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend une masselotte (11 ; 111 ; 211 ; 311), une semelle conformée pour prendre appui sur ladite jante (13 ; 113 ; 213 ; 313) et un ressort (12 ; 112 ; 212 ; 312), le ressort reliant la masselotte à la semelle et dont au moins la masselotte (11 ; 110 ; 210 ; 310) est réalisée en matériau composite.Damper for turbomachine blades, arranged to be housed between the underside of the platforms of two adjacent turbomachine blades and the rim of the rotor disk on which the blades are mounted, characterized in that it comprises a counterweight (11; 211; 311), a sole shaped to bear on said rim (13; 113; 213; 313) and a spring (12; 112; 212; 312), the spring connecting the weight to the sole and at least the flyweight (11; 110; 210; 310) is made of composite material. Amortisseur selon la revendication précédente dont la masselotte comprend une portion de surface (11A, 11B) de contact avec les plateformes, ladite portion de surface formant lorsque le ressort (12 ; 112 ; 212 ; 312) est au repos un angle inférieur à 90° avec la semelle, ledit angle étant déterminé par l'angle que forme la face intérieure des plateformes avec la jante.Damper according to the preceding claim, the weight comprises a surface portion (11A, 11B) of contact with the platforms, said surface portion forming when the spring (12; 112; 212; 312) is at rest an angle less than 90 ° with the sole, said angle being determined by the angle that forms the inner face of the platforms with the rim. Amortisseur selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 dont le ressort (12 ; 112 ; 212 ; 312) est une lame solidaire à une extrémité de la masselotte (11 ; 111 ; 211 ; 311) et à son extrémité opposée à la semelle (13; 113; 213; 313).Damper according to one of claims 1 or 2, the spring (12; 112; 212; 312) being a blade integral with one end of the weight (11; 111; 211; 311) and at its end opposite to the sole ( 13; 113; 213; 313). Amortisseur selon la revendication précédente dont le matériau est un textile imprégné.Shock absorber according to the preceding claim, the material of which is an impregnated textile. Amortisseur selon la revendication précédente dont la masselotte (111) comprend au moins un insert (116) de masse volumique distincte de la masse volumique du matériau imprégné, déterminée en fonction de la masse volumique visée pour l'amortisseur.Damper according to the preceding claim, wherein the weight (111) comprises at least one insert (116) of density different from the density of the impregnated material, determined according to the target density for the damper. Amortisseur selon la revendication précédente dont l'insert (116) est métallique ou bien de structure en forme de mousse.Damper according to the preceding claim in which the insert (116) is metallic or of foam-shaped structure. Amortisseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes comprenant sur au moins une extrémité libre de la semelle ou de la masselotte une portion de lame (14, 15) formant une butée ou un crochet de fixation.Damper according to one of the preceding claims comprising on at least one free end of the sole or the weight of a blade portion (14, 15) forming a stop or a fixing hook. Amortisseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes dont la masse de la masselotte est ajustée de manière à ce que l'amortisseur soit interchangeable sans nécessiter de rééquilibrage du rotor sur lequel il est monté.Damper according to one of the preceding claims, the mass of the weight is adjusted so that the damper is interchangeable without requiring rebalancing of the rotor on which it is mounted. Amortisseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes comprenant une seconde masselotte (317) dans le prolongement de ladite masselotte (311) du côté du ressort (312).Damper according to one of the preceding claims comprising a second flyweight (317) in the extension of said weight (311) on the side of the spring (312). Rotor de turbomachine comprenant une jante (31) avec des alvéoles individuelles (31') et des aubes (4) comportant un pied logé dans les alvéoles, une pale (43) et une plateforme (42) entre le pied et la pale, caractérisé par le fait que des amortisseurs selon l'une des revendications précédentes sont logés dans les espaces entre la jante et deux plateformes de deux aubes adjacentes.Turbomachine rotor comprising a rim (31) with individual cavities (31 ') and vanes (4) comprising a foot housed in the cavities, a blade (43) and a platform (42) between the foot and the blade, characterized in that dampers according to one of the preceding claims are housed in the spaces between the rim and two platforms of two adjacent blades. Rotor de turbomachine selon la revendication précédente dont les ressorts des amortisseurs sont précontraints au montage.Turbomachine rotor according to the preceding claim, the springs of the dampers are pre-stressed during assembly. Compresseur de moteur à turbine à gaz comprenant un rotor selon l'une des revendications 10 ou 11.Gas turbine engine compressor comprising a rotor according to one of claims 10 or 11. Moteur à turbine à gaz comprenant un rotor selon l'une des revendications 10 ou 11.Gas turbine engine comprising a rotor according to one of claims 10 or 11.
EP08155206A 2007-04-27 2008-04-25 Turbomachine vane damper Active EP1985810B1 (en)

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FR0703106A FR2915510B1 (en) 2007-04-27 2007-04-27 SHOCK ABSORBER FOR TURBOMACHINE BLADES

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FR2962481A1 (en) * 2010-07-12 2012-01-13 Snecma Propulsion Solide Vibration dampener for blade of rotor of gas turbine engine, has connection zone providing support against external support surface under effect of centrifugal rotation force of rotor in way to ensure axial sealing against gases
US8888456B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-11-18 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Rotor and method for manufacturing a rotor for a turbo machine
EP2455587A1 (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-23 MTU Aero Engines GmbH Rotor for a turbomachine, corrresponding turbomachine and manufacturing method
FR3027950A1 (en) * 2014-11-04 2016-05-06 Snecma TURBINE WHEEL FOR A TURBOMACHINE
US9951625B2 (en) 2014-11-04 2018-04-24 Snecma Turbine wheel for a turbine engine
FR3047512A1 (en) * 2016-02-05 2017-08-11 Snecma VIBRATION DAMPING DEVICE FOR TURBOMACHINE BLADE
US10927683B2 (en) 2017-12-14 2021-02-23 Safran Aircraft Engines Damping device
EP4253763A3 (en) * 2017-12-14 2023-12-27 Safran Aircraft Engines Damping device
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WO2019115977A1 (en) 2017-12-14 2019-06-20 Safran Aircraft Engines Damper device
WO2019122691A1 (en) 2017-12-18 2019-06-27 Safran Aircraft Engines Damper device
US11421534B2 (en) 2017-12-18 2022-08-23 Safran Aircraft Engines Damping device
FR3096731A1 (en) 2019-05-29 2020-12-04 Safran Aircraft Engines Turbomachine assembly
FR3096729A1 (en) 2019-05-29 2020-12-04 Safran Aircraft Engines Turbomachine assembly
FR3096732A1 (en) 2019-05-29 2020-12-04 Safran Aircraft Engines Turbomachine assembly
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WO2020239808A1 (en) 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Safran Aircraft Engines Assembly for a turbomachine
WO2020239803A1 (en) 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Safran Aircraft Engines Assembly for turbomachine
US11828191B2 (en) 2019-05-29 2023-11-28 Safran Aircraft Engines Assembly for turbomachine
WO2020239804A1 (en) 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Safran Aircraft Engines Turbomachine assembly having a damper
FR3099213A1 (en) 2019-07-23 2021-01-29 Safran Aircraft Engines BLOWER ROTOR FOR AN AIRCRAFT TURBOMACHINE
FR3118991A1 (en) * 2021-01-19 2022-07-22 Safran Aircraft Engines TURBOMACHINE TURBINE ASSEMBLY

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CA2629803C (en) 2014-12-30
JP2008274945A (en) 2008-11-13
FR2915510B1 (en) 2009-11-06
US8137071B2 (en) 2012-03-20
CN101294501B (en) 2013-05-01
EP1985810B1 (en) 2010-06-09
JP5362252B2 (en) 2013-12-11
US20090010762A1 (en) 2009-01-08
FR2915510A1 (en) 2008-10-31
RU2493370C2 (en) 2013-09-20

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