EP1983495B1 - Rauchmelder mit Vorrichtung an einem Reflektor zum Selektieren eines Lichtstrahles - Google Patents

Rauchmelder mit Vorrichtung an einem Reflektor zum Selektieren eines Lichtstrahles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1983495B1
EP1983495B1 EP08103541A EP08103541A EP1983495B1 EP 1983495 B1 EP1983495 B1 EP 1983495B1 EP 08103541 A EP08103541 A EP 08103541A EP 08103541 A EP08103541 A EP 08103541A EP 1983495 B1 EP1983495 B1 EP 1983495B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cover
smoke detector
reflector
light beam
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08103541A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1983495A1 (de
Inventor
Adrien Maillard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fabrication D'applications Et De Realisations Electroniques
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Fabrication D'applications Et De Realisations Electroniques
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fabrication D'applications Et De Realisations Electroniques filed Critical Fabrication D'applications Et De Realisations Electroniques
Publication of EP1983495A1 publication Critical patent/EP1983495A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1983495B1 publication Critical patent/EP1983495B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a smoke detector intended to be arranged in a room subjected to ambient light.
  • the transmitting means and the receiving means are generally fixed on a wall of a room, the reflector being fixed on the opposite wall of this room.
  • the light beam emitted by the emission means is reflected by the reflector and is received by the receiving means.
  • the operating circuit calculates the ratio between, for example, the power of the emitted light beam and the power of the light beam received. This ratio is compared with values established during a learning phase to define the degree of transparency of the air located between the transmitting means, the receiving means and the reflector.
  • smoke particles When smoke particles are present in the room, they reflect in all directions the emitted beam and the reflected beam, so that the value of the ratio calculated by the operating circuit increases. When this ratio is greater than a predefined value, it triggers an alarm signal.
  • the transmitting means and the receiving means are positioned several meters from the reflector (from 5 to 100 m).
  • the reflector is often small, for example of the order of ten centimeters.
  • the light reflected by the reflector is diffused in all directions so that only part of it is received by the receiving means.
  • emission means adapted to emit a modulated light beam or a light beam having a single wavelength.
  • the document GB 1327231 plans to install a mask for example formed of square-section collimators adjacent to the receiver.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an alternative smoke detector.
  • the object of the invention is a smoke detector comprising at least one cover disposed adjacent to the reflector, the or each cover being able to select the light beams having, at the entrance of the latter, a direction of emission belonging to a predefined angular range in a given axial plane.
  • the invention relates to a smoke detector 2 adapted to be mounted in a room subject to variations in daylight.
  • This comprises means 4 for transmitting a light beam, a reflector 6 mounted at a distance and facing the transmission means 4 and receiving means 8 fixed opposite the reflector 6.
  • the smoke detector 2 is a linear smoke detector, that is to say that the transmission means 4 and the reception means 8 are fixed side by side on a vertical wall of the room, the reflector 6 being fixed on the opposite wall vis-à-vis the transmission means 4 and receiving means 8, in a direction E.
  • the transmission means 4 are able to emit a light beam belonging to the visible wavelength domain in the emission direction E.
  • the light beam E is for example emitted at regular and predefined time intervals.
  • the light beam has a given wavelength corresponding for example to a red light or a blue light.
  • the light beam belongs to the wavelength range of the infrared.
  • the reflector 6 is a reflector consisting of reflective tetrahedra 9 covered by a transparent plate 10 for example of plastic.
  • the receiving means 8 are for example constituted by a photodiode.
  • the smoke detector 2 further comprises an operating circuit 11 connected to the transmission means 4 and to the reception means 8.
  • the operating circuit 11 is able to calculate the ratio between a signal characteristic of the light beam emitted by the transmission means 4 and a signal characteristic of the light beam received by the reception means 8, and to generate an alarm signal. when this ratio is greater than a predetermined value during a learning phase.
  • the smoke detector 2 further comprises a cover 12 disposed between the transmission means 4 and the reception means 8, and applied against the reflector 6.
  • the cover 12 is able to let through the light beams having, at its entrance, a transmission direction E belonging to a certain angular range of admission and to prevent the passage of light beams having at the entrance of the cache a direction of propagation not belonging to this angular range of admission.
  • the cover 12 is able to prevent reflection on the reflector 6 of a portion of the beams from the ambient light.
  • the cover 12 is thus able to select the light beams emitted from a part of the light beams coming from the ambient light.
  • the cover 12 is constituted by an assembly of six tubes 14 of circular section, fixed to each other.
  • Each tube 14 is formed by a cylindrical wall 15 and has an open face 16, 17 at its ends.
  • the cover 12 is fixed to the reflector 6 so that the open faces 16, 17 of each tube are positioned in a plane perpendicular to the direction E of the light beam emitted so that the cover 12 forms a clean light pipe to be crossed. by the light beams having a direction of propagation substantially parallel to the emission direction E.
  • the open face 16 disposed opposite the transmission means 4, defines an angular range of admission of the light beams.
  • This angular range is determined by the height H and the diameter I of each tube 14. More precisely, this angular range is equal to an angle of 2 ⁇ distributed on either side of the axis XX 'in a given axial plane of the 14.
  • the axis XX is the axis parallel to the emission direction E passing through the center of the tube 14.
  • the axial planes are defined as being the set of planes containing the axis XX.
  • Each tube 14 has for example a diameter of 3 to 4 centimeters for a height of 2 centimeters.
  • Each tube 14 is made of an opaque material capable of absorbing light.
  • each tube is made of dark plastic or metal.
  • the wall 15 of the tubes 14 has a thickness e as small as possible taking into account the mechanical constraints of manufacture in order to reduce the reflections of the light beams thereon.
  • a thickness e of 1 mm is used.
  • Blank spaces 20 are defined between the tubes 14 so that the light beam emitted by the emitting means 4 reaches the reflector 6 through these spaces.
  • Each tube 14 further comprises absorption means 22 adapted to minimize the reflections of the light beams resulting from reflections inside the cache.
  • absorption means 22 are made of a light absorbing material such as a dark plastic material or a metal.
  • These absorption means 22 consist of projections 24 in the form of annular grooves arranged along the periphery of the inner surface of the wall 15 of each tube.
  • projections 24 have a triangular section so that their face 26 closest to the open face 17, adjacent to the reflector 6, defines a truncated cone. The inclination of the face 26 is determined so that a light beam arriving on a projection 24 is reflected vis-à-vis against the wall of the tube. Thus, the light beam remains inside the cover and is not diffused outside the tube towards the reflector.
  • the projections 24 are replaced by lines or streaks.
  • the cover 12 is formed by a single tube.
  • the cover is formed by cones, the reduced passage section of the or each cone being fixed to the reflector 6.
  • the cache is formed by an assembly of polyhedra.
  • the polyhedra are preferably chosen so as to combine with each other without leaving a gap between them.
  • the cover 12 comprises four hollow parallelepipeds 28, fixed to each other.
  • the angular range of admission varies between a minimum value corresponding to the length of one side of the square 29 and a maximum value corresponding to the diagonal of this square 29.
  • the axial planes containing the angular range of admission include all plans containing the XX axis. This axis X-X is the axis parallel to the emission direction E and passing through the intersection of the diagonals of the square 29.
  • the cover 12 is formed by an assembly of four hollow hexahedrons 30.
  • the angular range of admission varies between a minimum value equal to the distance between two opposite faces of the hexagon 31 and a maximum value corresponding to the distance between two angles of this hexagon 31.
  • the axial planes containing the angular range of admission comprise all the planes containing the axis XX.
  • the X-X axis is the axis parallel to the emission direction E and passing through the centroid of hexagon 31.
  • the geometric shapes constituting the cache having the smallest perimeter for a given open face surface are preferred for the embodiment of the invention because they have less reflective surface adapted to re-emit the light beam.
  • the preferred geometric shapes are those that minimize the perimeter / surface ratio to increase the surface area to receive and reflect the light beams.
  • the detector is not a linear detector, that is to say that the transmission means 4 are not arranged vis-à-vis the reflector 6.
  • This detector is inexpensive.
  • the wall 15 makes it possible to discard the light beams having an angle of incidence on the reflector 6 greater than the angle ⁇ .
  • a tube-shaped cover makes it possible to reduce the reflections on the edges of the tube on the side of the open face 16.
  • a cover with a wall 15 of small thickness makes it possible to reduce the reflections of the beams incident on the edge of the cover on the side of its open face.
  • the absorption means make it possible to avoid the transmission of light beams generated by reflections inside the cover or against the wall 10 of the reflector 6. These reflected beams can for example be generated by the presence of dust or scratches on the reflector.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Rauchmelder (2) zur Anordnung in einem Teil einer Raumbeleuchtung, umfassend:
    Ausstrahlungsmittel (4) zur Ausstrahlung zumindest eines Lichtbündels in einer Ausstrahlungsrichtung E;
    zumindest einen Reflektor (6) zur Reflexion des Strahlenbündels in Richtung von Empfangsmitteln (8);
    Empfangsmittel (8) zum Empfang des reflektierten Strahlenbündels; und
    einen Auswertungsschaltkreis (11) zum Empfang eines für das ausgestrahlte Lichtbündel charakteristischen Signals und eines für das empfangene Lichtbündel charakteristischen Signals, welcher Auswertungsschaltkreis (11) zur Erzeugung eines Rauchmeldesignals aufgrund der empfangenen Signale vorgesehen ist,
    gekennzeichnet durch zumindest eine Abdeckung (12,14,28,30), die zum Reflektor (6) benachbart angeordnet ist, welche Abdeckung (12,14,28,30) dazu vorgesehen ist, die Lichtbündel auszuwählen, welche beim Eintritt eine Ausstrahlungsrichtung haben, die einer vorbestimmten Winkelebene (2α) in einer vorgegebenen Axialebene angehören.
  2. Rauchmelder (2) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abdeckung (12,14,28,30) zumindest eine Wand (15) aufweist, die sich in einer Ebene erstreckt, die im wesentlichen parallel zur Ausstrahlungsrichtung (E) des Bündels steht.
  3. Rauchmelder (2) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine Anordnung von Abdeckungen (12,14,28,30) umfasst, die aneinander befestigt sind.
  4. Rauchmelder (2) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Abdeckungen (12,14,28,30) Rohre (14) sind.
  5. Rauchmelder (2) gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe (H) und der Durchmesser (1) des oder jedes Rohrs (14) derart gewählt sind, dass das Verhältnis zwischen Höhe (H) und Durchmesser (1) kleiner ist als 2,5.
  6. Rauchmelder (2) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die oder jede Abdeckung (12,14,28,30) ein Polyeder ist.
  7. Rauchmelder (2) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die oder jede Abdeckung (12,14,28,30) zumindest ein Absorptionsmittel (22,24) für Licht umfasst, wobei das oder jedes Absorptionsmittel (22,24) auf zumindest einem Teil der Innenseite der Wand (15) der Abdeckung (12,14,28,30) angebracht ist, welcher Teil der Wand (15) zu dem Reflektor (6) benachbart ist.
  8. Rauchmelder (2) gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oder jedes Absorptionsmittel (22,24) einen Vorsprung (24) mit dreieckigem Querschnitt umfasst, welcher zumindest eine Fläche (26) aufweist, die dazu angeordnet ist, das Lichtbündel im Inneren der Abdeckung (12,14,28,30) zu reflektieren.
  9. Rauchmelder (2) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die oder jede Abdeckung (12,14,28,30) aus einem lichtundurchlässigen Kunststoffmaterial hergestellt ist.
  10. Rauchmelder (2) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wand (15) der oder jeder Abdeckung (12,14,28,30) eine Dicke (e) von weniger als 2 mm aufweist.
EP08103541A 2007-04-20 2008-04-15 Rauchmelder mit Vorrichtung an einem Reflektor zum Selektieren eines Lichtstrahles Not-in-force EP1983495B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0754607A FR2915284B1 (fr) 2007-04-20 2007-04-20 Detecteur de fumee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1983495A1 EP1983495A1 (de) 2008-10-22
EP1983495B1 true EP1983495B1 (de) 2009-10-21

Family

ID=38720533

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08103541A Not-in-force EP1983495B1 (de) 2007-04-20 2008-04-15 Rauchmelder mit Vorrichtung an einem Reflektor zum Selektieren eines Lichtstrahles

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20080304067A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1983495B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE446560T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602008000224D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2915284B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3027438B1 (fr) * 2014-10-16 2016-11-04 Soc D'etude Et De Fabrication Ind Detecteur lineaire de fumee encastre.
FR3030750B1 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2017-01-13 Finsecur Detecteur optique d'une valeur d'une grandeur physique de l'atmosphere representative d'un danger

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB237952A (en) * 1924-04-11 1925-08-11 John Joseph Dowling Improvements in or relating to thermionic indicating means responsive to light variations
GB1327231A (en) * 1970-01-07 1973-08-15 Nat Res Dev Fire detecting apparatus
US3982130A (en) * 1975-10-10 1976-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Ultraviolet wavelength smoke detector
US5568130A (en) * 1994-09-30 1996-10-22 Dahl; Ernest A. Fire detector
US6998991B1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2006-02-14 Quantum Group Inc. Dual carbon monoxide sensor system with control catalyst: new CO and humidity method and apparatus
DE50301082D1 (de) * 2003-01-29 2005-10-06 Siemens Building Tech Ag Verfahren und Werkzeug zur Installation eines linearen Rauchmelders

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1983495A1 (de) 2008-10-22
FR2915284A1 (fr) 2008-10-24
DE602008000224D1 (de) 2009-12-03
FR2915284B1 (fr) 2009-07-10
US20080304067A1 (en) 2008-12-11
ATE446560T1 (de) 2009-11-15

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