EP1981936B1 - Fluid reservoir - Google Patents
Fluid reservoir Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1981936B1 EP1981936B1 EP06829646.6A EP06829646A EP1981936B1 EP 1981936 B1 EP1981936 B1 EP 1981936B1 EP 06829646 A EP06829646 A EP 06829646A EP 1981936 B1 EP1981936 B1 EP 1981936B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- oder
- mixture
- preferred
- und
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 82
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 123
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 225
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 69
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 57
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 44
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 44
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 42
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 42
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 34
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 33
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 33
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 33
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 32
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 31
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- JSNRRGGBADWTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6E)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(=C)C=C JSNRRGGBADWTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 17
- WMOPMQRJLLIEJV-DOMZBBRYSA-N 10-epi-eudesm-4-en-11-ol Chemical compound C1[C@H](C(C)(C)O)CC[C@]2(C)CCCC(C)=C21 WMOPMQRJLLIEJV-DOMZBBRYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- WWULHQLTPGKDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-eudesmol Natural products CC(C)C1CC(O)C2(C)CCCC(=C2C1)C WWULHQLTPGKDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N geranial Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Geraniol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 14
- KQAZVFVOEIRWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-thujene Chemical compound CC1=CCC2(C(C)C)C1C2 KQAZVFVOEIRWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 13
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 12
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 12
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 10
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- NDVASEGYNIMXJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-sabinene Natural products C=C1CCC2(C(C)C)C1C2 NDVASEGYNIMXJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 10
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- NPNUFJAVOOONJE-ZIAGYGMSSA-N β-(E)-Caryophyllene Chemical compound C1CC(C)=CCCC(=C)[C@H]2CC(C)(C)[C@@H]21 NPNUFJAVOOONJE-ZIAGYGMSSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PSQYTAPXSHCGMF-BQYQJAHWSA-N β-ionone Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C PSQYTAPXSHCGMF-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 9
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citral Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 description 9
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 9
- NUKZAGXMHTUAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC NUKZAGXMHTUAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 9
- OPFTUNCRGUEPRZ-QLFBSQMISA-N (-)-beta-elemene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C)(C=C)[C@H](C(C)=C)C1 OPFTUNCRGUEPRZ-QLFBSQMISA-N 0.000 description 8
- BQSLMQNYHVFRDT-CABCVRRESA-N (1r,2r)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylidene-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC(C)=C1CC[C@](C)(C=C)[C@@H](C(C)=C)C1 BQSLMQNYHVFRDT-CABCVRRESA-N 0.000 description 8
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- TYUXMNLCTBQWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)=C(C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 TYUXMNLCTBQWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WMOPMQRJLLIEJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-epi-gamma-eudesmanol Natural products C1C(C(C)(C)O)CCC2(C)CCCC(C)=C21 WMOPMQRJLLIEJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C(C)=O)CCN(C(C)=O)C(C)=O BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- IPZIYGAXCZTOMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-eudesmol Natural products CC1=CCCC2CCC(CC12)C(C)(C)O IPZIYGAXCZTOMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=O GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 8
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- UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N tiglic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZCBTSFUTPZVKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Rosenoxid Natural products CC1CCOC(C=C(C)C)C1 CZCBTSFUTPZVKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXSDPILWMGFJMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-sabinene hydrate Natural products CC1(O)CCC2(C(C)C)C1C2 KXSDPILWMGFJMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOIYMIARKYCTBW-OWOJBTEDSA-N trans-urocanic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CNC=N1 LOIYMIARKYCTBW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOIYMIARKYCTBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-urocanic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CNC=N1 LOIYMIARKYCTBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012250 transgenic expression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940074410 trehalose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LGWZGBCKVDSYPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontane Chemical compound [CH2]CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LGWZGBCKVDSYPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLTHARGIAFTREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCC OLTHARGIAFTREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHOCUJPBKOZGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VHOCUJPBKOZGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKWDCFPLNQTHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribromoisocyanuric acid Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)N(Br)C(=O)N(Br)C1=O ZKWDCFPLNQTHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydrogen carbonate;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORHBXUUXSCNDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N umbelliferone Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 ORHBXUUXSCNDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFTAFOQKODTIJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N umbelliferone Natural products Cc1cc2C=CC(=O)Oc2cc1OCC=CC(C)(C)O HFTAFOQKODTIJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMPQYAYAQWNLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=O KMPQYAYAQWNLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010679 vetiver oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003700 vitamin C derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008170 walnut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010497 wheat germ oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010068608 xanthan lyase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZFNVDHOSLNRHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N xi-3-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 ZFNVDHOSLNRHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071104 xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010083879 xyloglucan endo(1-4)-beta-D-glucanase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229930000038 α-guaiene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004120 α-guaiene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YHQGMYUVUMAZJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-terpinene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)CC1 YHQGMYUVUMAZJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
- C11D11/0088—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads the liquefied ingredients being sprayed or adsorbed onto solid particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0034—Fixed on a solid conventional detergent ingredient
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0039—Coated compositions or coated components in the compositions, (micro)capsules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3749—Polyolefins; Halogenated polyolefins; Natural or synthetic rubber; Polyarylolefins or halogenated polyarylolefins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/50—Perfumes
- C11D3/502—Protected perfumes
- C11D3/505—Protected perfumes encapsulated or adsorbed on a carrier, e.g. zeolite or clay
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
- Y10T428/249958—Void-containing component is synthetic resin or natural rubbers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fluid reservoir based on a polymer substrate, its uses and a method for producing such fluid reservoir.
- particulate carriers capable of receiving and, depending on the application, storing and returning fluids as needed.
- the particulate fluid reservoir is thus meant a porous polymer substrate in which large quantities of liquid, e.g. Perfume, safe and permanently immobilized.
- the release of the liquid may e.g. be achieved by increasing the temperature and / or mechanical stress. So it is possible to create a kind of liquid depot, which can be opened if necessary.
- the fluid reservoir can be advantageously incorporated easily into various matrices, even into liquid matrices, without there being any significant disadvantageous interaction with the matrix.
- substantially undecomposed takes into account the fact that some materials or compounds or substances may degrade upon the supply of thermal energy. This means that the material in question is changed in such a case by the influence of temperature in its structure that it is thereby converted into a no longer suitable for its original purpose.
- the guest mixtures are preferably characterized by the fact that they go substantially undecomposed in a molten state. This means that they do not undergo major degradation reactions at the specific temperature load necessary to bring them to the molten state, so that a guest mixture according to the invention, even after its conversion to a flowable state and the subsequent return to the solid state preferably remains largely unchanged.
- a guest mixture according to the invention even after its conversion to a flowable state and the subsequent return to the solid state preferably remains largely unchanged.
- there is an object which undergoes decomposition upon being transferred to the molten state so that the object, after being returned to the solid state, is clearly different from its initial state, e.g. in terms of its appearance, its feel, its smell or other aspects.
- a guest mixture is preferably considered to be highly viscous if the Brookfield viscosity at 20 ° C. exceeds 2500 mPas, preferably 5000 mPas, in particular 7 500 mPas, preferably 10000 mPas and more preferably 25000 mPas. (Viscosity Measurement in a Brookfield Viscometer Model DV II at 20 rpm with Spindle 3)
- fragrances and nonionic surfactants especially in admixture.
- fragrance (s) and “perfume oil (s)” are used synonymously. This means, in particular, all those substances or mixtures thereof that are perceived by humans and animals as odor, in particular perceived by humans as a fragrance.
- fragrance compounds for example, the synthetic products of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons used become.
- Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzylformate, ethylmethylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexylpropionate, styrallylpropionate and benzylisalicylate.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes, for example, the linear alkanals with 8 -18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, Hydroxycitronellel, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones such as the ionone, isomethylionone and methyl cedrylketone to the alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes and balsams. Preferably, however, mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance.
- the perfume oils may, of course, also contain natural fragrance mixtures, such as are available from plant or animal sources, e.g. Pine, Citrus, Jasmine, Lily, Rose or Ylang-Ylang oil. Also essential oils of lower volatility, which are mostly used as flavoring agents, are suitable as.
- Perfume oils e.g. Sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, galbanum oil and ladanum oil.
- the fluid is preferably a substantially hydrophobic liquid.
- Typical hydrophobic groups are e.g. long-chain or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals.
- Perfume oils are usually hydrophobic liquids.
- the fluid may preferably comprise liquid cosmetic ingredients such as e.g. Oils included.
- oils may advantageously contain fully synthetic oils such as e.g. Silicone oils, vegetable and / or animal fatty oils (triglycerides of medium or unsaturated fatty acids) and / or essential oils (e.g., from plant parts).
- fully synthetic oils such as e.g. Silicone oils, vegetable and / or animal fatty oils (triglycerides of medium or unsaturated fatty acids) and / or essential oils (e.g., from plant parts).
- the guest mixture may preferably contain one or more skin-care and / or skin-protecting active substances.
- the guest mixture may preferably contain an antiseptic oil, preferably an essential oil selected in particular from the group of Angelica fine - Angelica archangelica, Anis - Pimpinella anisum, Benzoin siam - Styrax tokinensis, Cabreuva - Myrocarpus fastigiatus, Cajeput - Melaleuca leucadendron, Cistus - Cistrus ladaniferus, Copaiba balm - Copaifera reticulata, Costus root - Saussurea discolor, Edeltann needle - Abies alba, Elemi - Canarium luzonicum, Fennel - Foeniculum dulce Spruce needle - Picea abies, Geranium - Pelargonium graveolens, Ho leaves - Cinnamonum camphora , Immortelle Helichrysum ang., Ginger extra - Zingiber off., St.
- an antiseptic oil preferably an essential oil selected in particular from the
- the guest mixture may preferably contain skin-protecting active substances, advantageously skin-protecting oil.
- the skin-protecting substance is advantageously a skin-protecting oil, eg. B. also to a carrier oil, in particular selected from the group algae oil Oleum Phaeophyceae, aloe vera oil aloe vera brasiliana, apricot kernel oil Prunus armeniaca, arnica oil Arnica montana, avocado oil Persea americana, borage oil Borago officinalis, calendula oil Calendula officinalis, camellia oil Camellia oleifera, safflower oil Carthamus tinctorius, peanut oil Arachis hypogaea, hemp oil Cannabis sativa, hazelnut oil Corylus avellana, hypericum perforatum, jojoba oil Simondsia chinensis, caraway oil Daucus carota, coconut oil Cocos nucifera, pumpkin seed oil
- the guest mixture may preferably contain moisturizing factors, for example those selected from the following group: amino acids, chitosan or chitosan salts / derivatives, ethylene glycol, glucosamine, glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, uric acid, honey and hardened honey, creatinine, Cleavage products of collagen, lactitol, polyols and polyol derivatives (for example, butylene glycol, erythritol, propylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexane triol, polyethylene glycols such as PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-7, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10 , PEG-12, PEG-14, PEG-16, PEG-18, PEG-20), pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid, sugar and sugar derivatives (for example, fructose, glucose, maltose, maltitol, mannitol, inositol,
- the polymer substrate is hydrophobic.
- the longitudinal diameter of the fluid reservoir measured at its longest point, between 20 .mu.m and 30 cm.
- Lower limits may also be 30 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m, 90 ⁇ m or 100 ⁇ m or higher values such as 200 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, 400 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m, 600 ⁇ m etc.
- Upper limits may also be 20cm, 15cm, 10cm , 5 cm, 3 cm, 1 cm, 0.5 cm, 0.25 cm, 0.1 cm or 0.01 cm or even lower values, eg 0.005 cm etc.
- the polymer substrate is at least partially composed of polymers which are selected from polyolefins, fluoropolymers, styrene polymers, copolymers of these polymers and / or mixtures of the abovementioned polymers.
- Particularly preferred are e.g. Polypropylenes, polyethylenes, etc.
- hydrophobic polymer substrates are used.
- Particularly advantageous polyethylenes are HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE or UHMW-PE.
- Preferred fluoropolymers are, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl fluoride, and the copolymers poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene), poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether) and poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene).
- the styrenic polymers polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers are preferable.
- polymer substrates based on polyolefins and in particular based on polypropylene or polyethylene are particularly preferred.
- crosslinked (co) polymers are also preferred.
- the polymer substrate prior to loading with the guest mixture, has an at least partially open-pore structure with an average pore diameter of preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit can also be at values like 5 ⁇ m. 10 .mu.m, 15 .mu.m, 20 .mu.m, 25 .mu.m or 30 .mu.m and so on.
- the upper limit can also be used for values such as z. 280 ⁇ m. 260 ⁇ m. 240 ⁇ m or 220 ⁇ m.
- An insertable, porous, particulate polymer substrate with at least partially open-pore structure may have a sponge-like cellular or even a network-like or coral-shaped microstructure.
- the pore structure should be at least partially open pore, i. the pores present in the polymer substrate must be in fluid communication with each other at least in partial regions of the substrate structure, and the particles of the polymer substrate should be open-pored at least in partial regions of their outer surface. As a result, a sufficient permeability for the fluids can be achieved.
- the use of a particulate polymer substrate with at least partially open-pored structure allows a generous fluid absorption.
- the polymer substrate used according to the invention has an average pore diameter in the range between 4 and 110 ⁇ m. Particularly preferred is a mean pore diameter in the range of 5 to 50 microns. Polymer substrates with such preferred pore diameters show good loadability.
- the guest mixture is at temperatures below 100 ° C, advantageously below 90 ° C, more preferably below 80 ° C, especially below 70 ° C substantially undecomposed in a molten state.
- the guest mixture is at least 20 wt .-%, preferably at least 30 wt .-%, advantageously at least 40 wt .-%, in a very advantageous manner to at least 50 wt.%, In a particularly advantageous manner at least 60% by weight, most advantageously at least 70% by weight, most advantageously at least 80% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, especially at least 95% by weight , but most advantageously to 100 wt .-% of the components fluid and additive (s) with melting or pour points in the range of 25 ° C to 120 ° C.
- the guest mixture is at temperatures up to 22 ° C, advantageously up to 28 ° C, very advantageously up to 32 ° C, most preferably up to 38 ° C, most preferably up to ⁇ 42 ° C, in a further advantageous manner to ⁇ 48 ° C, even more advantageously up to ⁇ 55 ° C, even more preferably up to ⁇ 60 ° C highly viscous or especially solid.
- the pour point of the flowable at elevated temperatures additives or the mixture of these additives is greater than 25 ° C, preferably in the range of 30 to 90 ° C, advantageously in the range of 35 to 70 ° C and in particular in the range from 40 to 60 ° C.
- the guest mixture contains up to 90 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 80 wt .-%, more preferably but less than 70 wt.%, Advantageously 15 to 65 wt .-%, in a very advantageous manner 55 wt .-%, more preferably 28 to 50 wt .-% of flowable at elevated temperatures additives (ie additives with melting or flow point in the range of 25 ° C to 120 ° C), based on the total guest mixture, with which the polymer substrate is loaded.
- additives ie additives with melting or flow point in the range of 25 ° C to 120 ° C
- the guest mixture contains more than 5 wt.% Of fluid (s), preferably more than 10 wt.%, Advantageously 15 to 90 wt .-%, very advantageously 20 to 80 wt .-%, in even more advantageously from 25 to 75% by weight, in particular from 30 to 72% by weight, of fluid (s), based on the total guest mixture, with which the polymer substrate is loaded.
- the fluid reservoir contains less than 25 wt .-%, preferably less than 15 wt .-%, advantageously less than 10 wt .-%, more preferably less than 5 wt .-% of water, based on the total Fluid storage, in particular, it is completely anhydrous.
- the additives which are contained in the guest mixture whose pour points are in the temperature range of 25 ° C to 120 ° C, selected from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, silicones (silicone oils), paraffins, nonionic surfactants, esterquats, glycerides of fatty acids (natural oils), waxes, mono-, di- or triglycerides, carbohydrates and / or polyalkylene glycols.
- Sugar can be used advantageously, e.g. alpha-D-glucose monohydrate (melting point in the range 83-86 ° C), alpha-D-galactose monohydrate (melting point in the range of 118-120 ° C) or e.g. Maltose monohydrate (melting point in the range 102-103 ° C), to give some examples.
- the derivatives such as amino sugars, e.g. D-glucosamine (melting point ⁇ -form: 88 ° C), or such as deoxy sugar, e.g. Rhamnose monohydrate (mp 92-94 ° C).
- Suitable paraffins may e.g. Octadecane, nonadecane, eicosan, docosan, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosan, hexacosan, heptacosan, octacosan, nonacosan or triacosane, to name but a few.
- Suitable fatty alcohols may be, for example, 1-tridecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-pentadecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-heptadecanol, 1-octadecanol, 9-trans-octadecen-1-ol, 1-nonadecanol, 1-eicosanol, 1-heneicosanol, 1-docosanol, 13-cis-docosen-1-ol, 3-trans-docosen-1-ol, to name just a few examples.
- waxy coal ie fatty alcohols with about 24-36 carbon atoms, such as triacontanol-1 or melissyl alcohol.
- unsaturated fatty alcohols such as Elaidyalkohol, Erucaalkohol or Brassidylalkohol.
- Guerbet alcohols such as C 32 H 66 O or C 36 H 74 O.
- alkane diols such as undecanediol-1,11 or dodecanediol-1,12.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants may be, for example, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, for example C 14 H 29 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 2 H, C 10 H 21 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 8 H, C 12 H 25 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 6 H, C 14 H 29 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 4 H, C 16 H 33 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 12 H, C 18 H 37 -O - (CH 2 CH 2 O) 4 H, to name just a few examples.
- fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers for example C 14 H 29 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 2 H, C 10 H 21 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 8 H, C 12 H 25 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 6 H, C 14 H 29 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 4 H, C 16 H 33 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 12 H, C 18 H 37 -
- Suitable fatty acids may be, for example, capric acid, undecanoic acid. Lauric, tridecanoic, tetradecanoic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, nonadecanoic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, cerotic, crotonic, erucic, elaeostearic or melissic acids, to name but a few.
- esters of fatty acids e.g. the methyl or ethyl esters of behenic acid or arachidic acid, for example.
- mono-, di- or triglycerides e.g. the corresponding glycerides of lauric acid, palmitic acid or capric acid, to give a few examples.
- Suitable waxes may be natural washes such as e.g. Carnauba wax, candelilla wax, espartowax, guaruma wax, Japan wax, cork wax or montan wax, as well as animal washes, e.g. Beeswax, wool wax, shellac wax or spermaceti, as well as synthetic waxes, e.g. Polyalkylene waxes or polyethylene glycol waxes, as well as chemically modified waxes, e.g. hydrogenated jojoba waxes or montan ester waxes.
- natural washes such as e.g. Carnauba wax, candelilla wax, espartowax, guaruma wax, Japan wax, cork wax or montan wax
- animal washes e.g. Beeswax, wool wax, shellac wax or spermaceti
- synthetic waxes e.g. Polyalkylene waxes or polyethylene
- the guest mixture may additionally contain other substances having a melting point above 120 ° C, e.g. corresponding carbohydrates, advantageously sugars, e.g. Sucrose (mp 185-186 ° C).
- the guest mixture contains further solids, preferably customary detergents, there is also a preferred embodiment.
- the solids content of the guest mixture is less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, advantageously less than 25%, in particular less than 15%, most preferably less than 10%, based on the total guest mixture with which the polymer substrate is loaded , so is another preferred embodiment.
- the solids contained in the guest mixture have a d50 value of less than 0.2 mm, preferably less than 0.1 mm, in particular less than 0.05 mm.
- guest mixture solids selected from the group of zeolites, bentonites, silicates, phosphates, urea and / or its derivatives, sulfates, carbonates, citrates, citric acid, acetates and / or salts of anionic surfactants, so is a further preferred embodiment.
- the fluid reservoir has a size such that it can be grasped with a human hand and can be used for the manual treatment of objects. For example, you can rub surfaces with a fluid storage in piece form, for example, in the hand washing of textiles.
- the fluid reservoir may be of any shape, preferably spherical, oval, cylindrical, or granular or of any other regular or irregular shape.
- a fluid reservoir which contains at least one, preferably two or more substances normally contained in detergents, preferably a substance from the group of surfactants, builders (inorganic and organic builders), bleaches, bleach activators, bleach stabilizers, bleach catalysts, enzymes, special polymers (eg those with co-builder properties), grayness inhibitors, optical brighteners, UV protectants, soil repellents, electrolytes, colorants, fragrances, fragrances, perfume carriers, pH adjusters, complexing agents, fluorescers, foam inhibitors, anti-wrinkling agents, antioxidants, quaternary ammonium compounds, antistatic agents, Ironing aids, UV absorbers, anti redeposition agents, germicides, antimicrobial agents, fungicides, viscosity regulators, pearlescers, color transfer inhibitors, anti-shrinkage agents, corrosion inhibitors, preservatives, plasticizers, fabric softeners. Protein hydrolysates, repellents and impregnating agents, hydrotropes, silicone oils and swelling and anti-slipping agents constitute
- the fluid reservoir according to the invention is advantageously characterized in that above the guest mixture large quantities of liquid, such as e.g. Perfume, safely and permanently immobilized in the porous polymer substrate and only on external stimulus such. Temperature increase and / or mechanical stress, be released again.
- liquid such as e.g. Perfume
- the fluid reservoir according to the invention so loaded with the guest mixture polymer substrate , in addition to provide a coating.
- the fluid reservoir is coated.
- Coating agents can be used for the coating. These are fabrics which give the outer surface of the object to be coated (to be coated) a shiny appearance and / or form a coating (an envelope) on the outer surface.
- coating agent solid and / or liquid substances may be used, preferably those which have a Prevent or delay moisture penetration or prevent or delay flavor loss.
- Suitable coating agents may contain water-soluble, water-dispersible and / or water-insoluble (co) polymers.
- the coating layer may be water-soluble or water-insoluble.
- Water-soluble polymers contain a sufficient number of hydrophilic groups for water solubility and are advantageously not crosslinked.
- the hydrophilic groups may be nonionic, anionic, cationic or zwitterionic, for example, -NH 2, -OH, -SH, -O-, -COOH, -COO - M +, -SO3-M +, -PO 3 2- M 2 + , -NH 3 + ,
- the individual polymers may simultaneously contain different hydrophilic groups, e.g. ionic and nonionic and / or anionic besides cationic groups.
- Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. natural polysaccharides and / or polypeptides, e.g. Starch, alginates, pectins, vegetable gums, caseins, gelatin, etc.
- Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. semi-synthetic polymers, e.g. Cellulose ether or starch ether.
- Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. biotechnologically produced products, e.g. Pullulan, curdlan or xanthan be.
- Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. synthetic polymers, e.g. Homopolymers and / or copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and its derivatives, the maleic, vinylsulfonic, vinylphosphonic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like. be.
- Preferred coating compositions contain water-soluble (co) polymer, in particular with a melting or softening point in the range of 48 ° C to 300 ° C, advantageously in the range of 48 ° C to 200 ° C, more preferably in the range of 48 ° C. up to 200 ° C.
- Suitable water-soluble (co) polymer having a corresponding melting or softening point may advantageously be selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene terephthalates, polyvinyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.
- the coating may comprise, in addition to the actual coating agent or independently thereof, further constituents, for example advantageously textile-softening compounds and / or perfume.
- first coating e.g. comprising a fabric softening compound
- another wrapper e.g. containing water-soluble polymer and perfume
- the coating of the fluid reservoir contains lipids and / or silicone oils.
- the optional coating comprises colored substances or dyes, brighteners and / or pigments, advantageously in the nanoscale range or in the micrometer range, preferably white pigments, in particular selected from titanium dioxide pigments, in particular anatase pigments and / or rutile Pigments, zinc sulfide pigments, zinc oxide (zinc white), antimony trioxide (antimony white), basic lead carbonate (lead white) 2PbCO 3 Pb (OH) 2 , lithopone ZnS + BaSO 4 .
- white auxiliaries such as preferably calcium carbonate, talc 3MgO ⁇ 4SiO 2 ⁇ H 2 O and / or barium sulfate may be included.
- the optional coating of the fluid reservoir according to the invention is pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength-sensitive or contains pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength-sensitive materials.
- the temperature sensitivity also has the additional option (e) according to which the coating or the materials forming the coating change the physical state from solid to liquid when the temperature changes or vice versa, ie the materials melt or solidify.
- suitable coating materials for the purposes of the invention may be all those materials whose integrity is a function of the temperature and / or the pH and / or the ionic strength, or also those materials which are subject to mechanical stress as described e.g. occur during an automatic laundry process, lose their integrity.
- the pH sensitivity of the (optional) coating can be used.
- the (optional) coating may e.g. be designed so that it dissolves in whole or in part if the pH falls below a critical mark. This can be done in the example of a washing process when the alkaline wash water is removed from the machine and fresh water introduced into the machine, preferably in the rinse cycle of the washing process. On contact with the fresh water, the coating then lose its integrity, in whole or in part, making it possible to penetrate the granules for the water.
- the pH in question, in which the coating is completely or partially disintegrated can be adjusted as desired, so that the material, for example, loses all or part of its integrity if the pH value is e.g. below 9.0, but remains substantially inert as long as the pH is above 10.0.
- inert is understood according to the invention in the usual sense, ie in such a way that a physical or chemical reaction of the material of the coating with the surrounding environment does not occur substantially, but the material of the coating is physically and chemically resistant to this, so that the granules from penetration through the environment, eg the wash liquor is substantially protected.
- Preferred coating agents can be any suitable coating agents.
- Polyvinyl alcohols (abbreviated PVAL, occasionally PVOH) is the name for polymers of the general structure [-CH 2 -CH (OH) -] n in small proportions also structural units of the type [-CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH (OH) -CH 2 ] contain.
- polyvinyl alcohols which are available as white-yellowish powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range of about 100 to 2500 (molar masses of about 4000 to 100 000 g / mol) have degrees of hydrolysis of 98-99 or 87-89 mol%. , so still contain a residual content of acetyl groups.
- the polyvinyl alcohols are characterized by the manufacturer by indicating the degree of polymerization of the starting polymer, the degree of hydrolysis, the saponification number or the solution viscosity.
- polyvinyl alcohols are soluble in water and a few highly polar organic solvents (formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide); They are not attacked by (chlorinated) hydrocarbons, esters, fats and oils.
- Polyvinyl alcohols are classified as toxicologically safe and are biologically at least partially degradable.
- the water solubility can be reduced by aftertreatment with aldehydes (acetalization), by complexation with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid or borax.
- the coatings of polyvinyl alcohol are largely impermeable to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor to pass through.
- coatings which at least partially comprise a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis is advantageously from 70 to 100 mol%, preferably from 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably from 81 to 89 mol% and in particular from 82 to 88 mol% is.
- the film material used comprises at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, very preferably at least 60% by weight and in particular at least 80% by weight, of a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and in particular 82 to 88 mol%.
- the entire coating is at least 20 wt .-%, more preferably at least 40th Wt .-%, most preferably at least 60 wt .-% and in particular at least 80 wt .-% of a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol % and in particular 82 to 88 mol%.
- Polyvinyl alcohols of a certain molecular weight range are preferably used as coating materials, it being preferred according to the invention that the film material comprises a polyvinyl alcohol whose molecular weight is in the range from 10,000 to 100,000 gmol -1 , preferably from 11,000 to 90,000 gmol -1 , particularly preferably from 12,000 to 80,000 gmol -1 and in particular from 13,000 to 70,000 gmol -1 .
- polyvinyl alcohols described above are widely available commercially, for example under the trade name Mowiol ® (Clariant).
- Mowiol ® Commercially, for example under the trade name Mowiol ® (Clariant).
- particularly suitable polyvinyl alcohols are, for example, Mowiol ® 3-83, Mowiol ® 4-88, Mowiol ® 5-88, Mowiol ® 8-88 and L648, L734, Mowiflex LPTC 221 ex KSE as well as the compounds of Texas.
- Polymers such as Vinex 2034.
- polyvinyl alcohols ® ELVANOL 51-05, 52-22, 50-42, 85-82, 75-15, T-25, T-66, 90-50 (trademark of Du Pont)
- ALCOTEX 72.5 ®, 78, B72, F80 / 40, F88 / 4, F88 / 26, F88 / 40, F88 / 47 (trademark of Harlow Chemical Co.)
- ® Gonozo ⁇ de NK-05, A-300, AH-22, C-500, GH-20, GL-03, GM-14L, KA-20, KA-500, KH-20, KP-06, N-300, NH-26, NM11Q, KZ-06 (Trademark of Nippon Gohsei KK).
- ERKOL types from Wacker.
- the water solubility of PVAL can be altered by post-treatment with aldehydes (acetalization) or ketones (ketalization).
- Polyvinyl alcohols which are acetalated or ketalized with the aldehyde or keto groups of saccharides or polysaccharides or mixtures thereof have proven to be particularly advantageous and particularly advantageous on account of their pronounced cold water solubility.
- To use extremely advantageous are the reaction products of PVAL and starch.
- the water solubility can be changed by complexing with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid, borax and thus set specifically to desired values.
- Films made of PVAL are largely impermeable to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor to pass through.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVP are prepared by radical polymerization of 1-vinylpyrrolidone.
- Commercially available PVP have molecular weights in the range of preferably about 2,500 to 750,000 g / mol and are offered as white, hygroscopic powders or as aqueous solutions.
- polyethylene oxides are polyalkylene glycols of the general formula H- [O-CH 2 -CH 2 ] n -OH the technically by alkaline-catalyzed polyaddition of ethylene oxide (oxirane) in mostly small amounts of water-containing systems are prepared with ethylene glycol as the starting molecule. They have molar masses in the range of about 200 to 5,000,000 g / mol, corresponding to degrees of polymerization n of about 5 to> 100,000. Polyethylene oxides have an extremely low concentration of reactive hydroxy end groups and show only weak glycol properties.
- gelatin is a polypeptide (molecular weight: about 15,000 to> 250,000 g / mol), which is obtained primarily by hydrolysis of the collagen contained in the skin and bones of animals under acidic or alkaline conditions.
- the amino acid composition of gelatin is broadly similar to that of the collagen from which it was obtained and varies depending on its provenance.
- coating materials which comprise a polymer from the group starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular methyl cellulose, and mixtures thereof are also preferred.
- Starch is a homoglycan, wherein the glucose units are linked ⁇ -glycosidically.
- Starch is composed of two components of different molecular weight: from about 20 to 30% straight chain amylose (MW about 50,000 to 150,000) and 70 to 80% branched chain amylopectin (MW about 300,000 to 2,000,000).
- small amounts of lipids, phosphoric acid and cations are still included. While the amylose forms long, helical, entangled chains with about 300 to 1,200 glucose molecules as a result of the binding in the 1,4-position, the chain branched in amylopectin after an average of 25 glucose building blocks by 1,6-bonding to a branch-like structure with about 1,500 to 12,000 molecules of glucose.
- starch derivatives which are obtainable from starch by polymer-analogous reactions are also suitable for the preparation of water-soluble coatings in the context of the present invention.
- Such chemically modified starches include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. But even starches in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups that are not bound by an oxygen atom, can be used as starch derivatives.
- the group of starch derivatives includes, for example, alkali starches, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), starch esters and ethers, and amino starches.
- Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and is formally a ⁇ -1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is composed of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5,000 glucose units and therefore have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- Cellulose-based disintegrating agents which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives obtainable by polymer-analogous reactions of cellulose. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- Celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bonded via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali metal celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses.
- the invention resides in a process for producing a fluid reservoir according to the invention, wherein a mixture of additive (s) which is highly viscous or solid at T ⁇ 20 ° C and fluid (s) by heating in a liquid state, and this flowable mixture mixed with a porous polymer substrate and then allowed to cool.
- the accessible pore system of the polymer substrate can be fully loaded if necessary and the pores are preferably also sealed when charged by cooling.
- the polymer is pre-tempered before mixing with the flowable mixture to a temperature of 25 ° -150 ° C, so is a preferred embodiment.
- the cooling of the mixture is accelerated by supply of cold.
- a guest mixture according to the invention comprising in particular fragrances, and the porous, particulate polymer substrate and optionally further additives in liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), (further) to mix and then to remove the liquid carbon dioxide, for example by a simple pressure reduction in the system, so that evaporation can take place.
- CO 2 liquid carbon dioxide
- the carbon dioxide can be used in other pressure ranges and temperature ranges, as long as it is liquid under these conditions.
- a highly preferred object of the present invention are detergents or cleaners containing fluid reservoirs according to the invention and also a cosmetic containing fluid reservoirs according to the invention.
- fluid reservoir according to the invention for scenting articles, preferably detergents, washing and cleaning machines, dry laundry and packaging is likewise a further preferred subject matter of the invention.
- An inventive cloister e.g. for hanging in the toilet bowl or cistern, can deliver small amounts of acid, surfactant and / or perfume, thereby slowing down the application of soiling.
- Another object of the invention is a product, such as preferably household sponge, cloth or cloth, in which at least one surface of the product is firmly adhering to the fluid reservoir.
- a scouring pad is advantageous, the scouring side is occupied by the fluid reservoir.
- a fluid reservoir which contains at least one, preferably two or more substances normally contained in detergents or cleaning agents, is a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- a washing or cleaning agent containing fluid reservoirs according to the invention is a highly preferred article of the invention Therefore, the following ingredients of detergents or cleaning agents are described in more detail, which may be advantageously contained in the fluid reservoir or which may be contained in a detergent or cleaning agent, which contains fluid reservoir according to the invention.
- the builders include, in particular, the zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and, where there are no ecological prejudices against their use, also the phosphates.
- the usable finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
- zeolite P zeolite MAP ® commercial product from Crosfield
- silicate preferably alkali metal silicates, particularly preferably crystalline or amorphous alkali disilicates, to be present in detergents or cleaners in amounts of from 10 to 60% by weight, preferably from 15 to 50% by weight. % and in particular from 20 to 40 wt .-%, in each case based on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent, are included.
- phosphates as builders are possible, unless such use should not be avoided for environmental reasons. This applies in particular to the use of agents according to the invention as (automatic) dishwashing detergents.
- the alkali metal phosphates have, with particular preference of pentasodium or Pentakaliumtriphosphat (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate) in the detergents and cleaning agents industry the greatest importance.
- phosphates are used as detergents or cleaning agents in the context of the present application
- preferred agents comprise these phosphate (s), preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), particularly preferably pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or pentasodium) Potassium tripolyphosphate), in amounts of from 5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 15 to 75% by weight, in particular from 20 to 70% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent.
- potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate in a weight ratio of more than 1: 1, preferably more than 2: 1, preferably more than 5: 1, more preferably more than 10: 1 and in particular more than 20: 1. It is particularly preferred to use exclusively potassium tripolyphosphate without admixtures of other phosphates.
- alkali carriers are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, the alkali silicates, alkali metal silicates and mixtures of the abovementioned substances, preference being given to using alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate for the purposes of this invention.
- alkali metal carbonates in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate for the purposes of this invention.
- a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate.
- a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate.
- the alkali metal hydroxides are, if at all, preferably only in small amounts, preferably in amounts below 10 wt .-%, preferably below 6 wt .-%. , Particularly preferably below 4 wt .-% and in particular below 2 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning agent used. Particularly preferred are agents which, based on their total weight, contain less than 0.5% by weight and in particular no alkali metal hydroxides.
- Particularly preferred may be the use of carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonate (s), more preferably sodium carbonate, in amounts of 2 to 50 wt .-%, preferably from 5 to 40 wt .-% and in particular from 7.5 to 30% by weight, respectively be based on the weight of the detergent or cleaning agent.
- carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s) preferably alkali metal carbonate (s), more preferably sodium carbonate, in amounts of 2 to 50 wt .-%, preferably from 5 to 40 wt .-% and in particular from 7.5 to 30% by weight, respectively be based on the weight of the detergent or cleaning agent.
- agents which, based on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent, less than 20 wt .-%, preferably less than 17 wt .-%, preferably less than 13 wt .-% and in particular less than 9 wt .-% Carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonate (s), particularly preferably sodium carbonate.
- organic co-builders are polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.
- Useful organic builder substances are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof.
- the acids themselves can also be used.
- the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners.
- citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.
- polymeric polycarboxylates for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or of polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of from 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
- the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.
- Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.
- copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular from 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
- the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
- the content of detergents or cleaning agents on optional (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular from 3 to 10% by weight.
- the polymers may also contain allylsulfonic acids, such as, for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as monomer.
- allylsulfonic acids such as, for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as monomer.
- biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units for example those which contain as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives ,
- copolymers are those which preferably have as monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.
- polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids their salts or their precursors. Particular preference is given to polyaspartic acids or their salts.
- polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
- Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalic aldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
- the group of surfactants includes nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants.
- nonionic surfactants it is possible to use all nonionic surfactants known to the person skilled in the art.
- preferred nonionic surfactants for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants can be used.
- the detergents or cleaners contain nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols.
- nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) used per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 moles of EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO.
- the stated degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which may correspond to a particular product of an integer or a fractional number.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially methyl-branched in the 2-position aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G the symbol is that which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
- the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.
- nonionic surfactants which can be used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
- branched polyhydroxyalkyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C 14 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives thereof residue.
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryl-oxy-substituted compounds can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- Surfactants containing one or more tallow fatty alcohols containing from 20 to 30 EO in combination with a silicone defoamer can furthermore be used with particular preference.
- Nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols are also used with particular preference.
- Nonionic surfactants which have a melting point above room temperature.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature.
- nonionic surfactants used in the Room temperature are highly viscous, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pa ⁇ s, preferably above 35 Pa ⁇ s and in particular above 40 Pa ⁇ s.
- Nonionic surfactants which have waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.
- surfactants which are solid at room temperature, come from the groups of alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / poly-oxypropylene ((PO / EO / PO) surfactants ).
- Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.
- the nonionic surfactant having a melting point above room temperature is an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consisting of the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably at least 12 mol, more preferably at least 15 mol, especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol emerged.
- a particularly preferred room temperature solid nonionic surfactant is obtained from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16-20 alcohol), preferably a C 18 alcohol and at least 12 moles, preferably at least 15 moles and especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
- C 16-20 alcohol straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms
- C 18 alcohol preferably a C 18 alcohol and at least 12 moles, preferably at least 15 moles and especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
- the so-called “narrow range ethoxylates” are particularly preferred.
- ethoxylated nonionic surfactants consisting of C 6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6-20 alkylphenols or C 16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and especially more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol were used.
- the nonionic surfactant solid at room temperature preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule.
- such PO units make up to 25 wt .-%, more preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant from.
- Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
- the alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably constitutes more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants.
- Preferred agents are characterized in that they contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule up to 25 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic Make up surfactants.
- Nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25% by weight.
- Nonionic surfactants that may be used with particular preference are available, for example under the name Poly Tergent ® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.
- Surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] x [CH 2 CH 2 O] y CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 in which R 1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is a value of at least 15 are further particularly preferred nonionic surfactants.
- nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 , in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5.
- each R 3 in the above formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 may be different.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred.
- R 3 H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred.
- Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
- each R 3 in the above formula may be different if x ⁇ 2.
- the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied.
- the value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, with the variation width increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18.
- Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 has 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 is H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.
- end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants are of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 , in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5, preference being given to surfactants of the type R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 OR 2 , in which x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18, are particularly preferred.
- nonionic surfactants have been low foaming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units.
- surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AO groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows.
- R 1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6-24 alkyl) or alkenyl radical
- each group R 2 or R 3 independently is selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 and the indices w, x, y, z independently represent integers from 1 to 6.
- the preferred nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R 1 -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide.
- the radical R 1 in the above formula may vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. If native sources are used, the radical R 1 has an even number of carbon atoms and is usually unbranched, the linear radicals being selected from alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 C atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or Oleyl alcohol, are preferred.
- Alcohols which are accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, the Guerbet alcohols or methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the 2-position in the mixture, as they are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- nonionic surfactants in which R 1 in the above formula is an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 11 carbon atoms.
- alkylene oxide unit which is contained in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit, in particular butylene oxide is considered in addition to propylene oxide.
- R 2 or R 3 are independently selected from -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 or CH (CH 3 ) 2 are suitable.
- nonionic surfactants having a C 9-15 alkyl group having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units.
- These surfactants have the required low viscosity in aqueous solution and can be used according to the invention with particular preference.
- nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x R 2 , in which R 1 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 2 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably between 1 and have 5 hydroxy groups and are preferably further functionalized with an ether group, R 3 is H or a methyl, Ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical and x is between 1 and 40.
- R 1 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, ali
- R 3 in the abovementioned general formula is H.
- R 1 O (CH 2 CH 2 O) x R 2 are preferred in which R 1 is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, R 2 is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably have between 1 and 5 hydroxyl groups and x stands for values between 1 and 40.
- those end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants are preferred which are in accordance with the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 in addition to a radical R 1 , which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, furthermore a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical R 2 having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which is adjacent to a monohydroxylated intermediate group - CH 2 CH (OH) -.
- x in this formula stands for values between 1 and 90.
- nonionic surfactants of the general formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 , which in addition to a radical R 1 , which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, further a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical R 2 having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 22 carbon atoms, which is adjacent to a monohydroxylated intermediate group -CH 2 CH (OH) - and in which x is between 40 and 80, preferably between 40 and 60.
- R 1 which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 22 carbon atoms, which is adjacent to a monohydroxylated intermediate group -CH 2 CH (OH) - and in which x is between 40 and 80, preferably
- the corresponding end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be prepared, for example, by reacting a terminal epoxide of the formula R 2 CH (O) CH 2 with an ethoxylated alcohol of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x-1 CH 2 Obtained CH 2 OH.
- R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] y CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 in which R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms, R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 , but preferably -CH 3 , and x and y are independently of one another values between 1 and 32, nonionic surfactants having values for x of 15 to 32 and y of 0, 5 and 1.5 are very particularly preferred.
- R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms
- R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 , but preferably represents -CH 3
- x and y independently of one another are values between 1 and 32 are preferred according to the invention, wherein nonionic surfactants with values of x from 15 to 32 and y of 0.5 and 1.5 are very particularly preferred.
- the stated C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the abovementioned nonionic surfactants represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Due to the manufacturing process, commercial products of the formulas mentioned mostly do not consist of an individual representative but of mixtures, which may result in both the C chain lengths and the degrees of ethoxylation or alkoxylation-averaged mean values and, consequently, fractional numbers.
- nonionic surfactants can be used not only as individual substances, but also as surfactant mixtures of two, three, four or more surfactants.
- Mixtures of surfactants are not mixtures of nonionic surfactants which fall in their entirety under one of the abovementioned general formulas, but rather mixtures which contain two, three, four or more nonionic surfactants which can be described by different general formulas ,
- anionic surfactants for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates can be used.
- the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as are obtained, for example, from C 12-18 -monoolefins having terminal or internal double bonds by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration.
- alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- esters of ⁇ -sulfo fatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids are suitable.
- sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as obtained in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
- Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- Alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and especially the sodium salts of Schwefelklareschester the C 12- C 18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol, or C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates and C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred.
- 2,3-alkyl sulfates which can be obtained as commercial products of Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ® , are suitable anionic surfactants.
- EO ethylene oxide
- Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable.
- alkylsulfosuccinic acid which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these.
- the anionic surfactant content of detergents or cleaners according to the invention may be e.g. preferably in the range of 1-60% by weight, advantageously 5-40% by weight, in particular 10-30% by weight.
- the content of cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants may preferably be less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 2% by weight and in particular less than 1% by weight. It may also be preferred that no cationic or amphoteric surfactants are included.
- the group of polymers includes, in particular, the washing or cleaning-active polymers, for example the polymers which act as softeners.
- the washing or cleaning-active polymers for example the polymers which act as softeners.
- cationic, anionic and amphoteric polymers can be used in detergents or cleaners in addition to nonionic polymers.
- “Cationic polymers” in the context of the present invention are polymers which carry a positive charge in the polymer molecule. This can be realized, for example, by (alkyl) ammonium groups or other positively charged groups present in the polymer chain.
- Particularly preferred cationic polymers come from the groups of quaternized cellulose derivatives, the polysiloxanes with quaternary groups, the cationic guar derivatives, the polymeric dimethyldiallylammonium salts and their copolymers with esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, the copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with quaternized derivatives of dialkylamino and methacrylates, the vinylpyrrolidone-methoimidazolinium chloride copolymers, the quaternized polyvinyl alcohols or the polymers specified under the INCI names Polyquaternium 2, Polyquaternium 17, Polyquaternium 18 and Polyquaternium 27.
- amphoteric polymers furthermore have, in addition to a positively charged group in the polymer chain, also negatively charged groups or monomer units. These groups may be, for example, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
- At least one radical R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 is a heteroatomic organic group having at least one positive charge without charged nitrogen, at least one quaternized nitrogen atom or at least is an amino group with a positive charge.
- particularly preferred cationic or amphoteric polymers contain as monomer unit a compound of the general formula in which R 1 and R 4 are each independently H or a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 2 and R 3 independently represent an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aminoalkyl group in which the alkyl group is linear or branched and has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl group; x and y independently represent integers between 1 and 3.
- X represents a counterion, preferably a counterion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, methosulfate, laurylsulfate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate), cumene sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phosphate, citrate, formate, acetate or mixtures thereof.
- a counterion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, methosulfate, laurylsulfate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate), cumene sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phosphate, citrate, formate, acetate
- Preferred radicals R 1 and R 4 in the above formula are selected from -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH 3, - CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3, -CH (CH 3) -CH 3, -CH 2 -OH , -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH (OH) -CH 2 -CH 3 , and - (CH 2 CH 2 -O) n H.
- R 1 HC CR 2 -C (O) -NH- (CH 2 ) x -N + R 3 R 4 R 5 X - in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently of one another are a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl radical selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH (OH
- amphoteric polymers have not only cationic groups but also anionic groups or monomer units.
- anionic monomer units are derived, for example, from the group of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated carboxylates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated phosphonates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfates or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfonates.
- Preferred monomer units are acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid, (dimethyl) acrylic acid, (ethyl) acrylic acid, cyanoacrylic acid, vinylessingic acid, allylacetic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid and its derivatives, allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid or the allylphosphonic acids.
- Preferred employable amphoteric polymers are selected from the group of alkylacrylamide / acry-isoic acid copolymers, alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers, alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers, alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid / Alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / al-kymethacrylate / alkylaminoethylmethacrylate / alkylmethacrylate copolymers, and the Copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, cationically derivatized unsaturated carboxylic acids and optionally further ionic or
- Preferred zwitterionic polymers are from the group of acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts, the acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts and the methacroylethylbetaine / methacrylate copolymers.
- amphoteric polymers which comprise, in addition to one or more anionic monomers as cationic monomers methacrylamidoalkyl-trialkylammonium chloride and dimethyl (di-allyl) ammonium chloride.
- amphoteric polymers are selected from the group consisting of the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / alkyl ( meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts.
- amphoteric polymers from the group of the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / alkyl (meth) acrylic acid Copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts.
- Washing or cleaning agents may contain the aforementioned cationic and / or amphoteric polymers, preferably in amounts of between 0.01 and 10% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the washing or cleaning agent.
- Preferred agents can also be completely free of cationic and / or amphoteric polymers.
- Effective polymers as softeners are, for example, the sulfonic acid-containing polymers which can be used with particular preference.
- sulfonic acid-containing polymers are copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, sulfonic acid-containing monomers and optionally other ionic or nonionic monomers.
- R 1 (R 2 ) C C (R 3 ) COOH in which R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H, -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, NH 2 , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals or for -COOH or -COOR 4 , wherein R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Particularly preferred monomers containing sulfonic acid groups are 1-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methyl-1 propanesulfonic acid, 3-methacrylamido-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3- (2-propenyloxy) propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate , 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, sulfomethacrylamide, sulfomethylmethacrylamide and water-soluble salts of said acids.
- Particularly suitable other ionic or nonionic monomers are ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
- the content of the polymers which can be used in these other ionic or nonionic monomers is preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the polymer.
- the copolymers may contain the monomers from groups i) and ii) and, if appropriate, iii) in varying amounts, it being possible for all representatives from group i) to be combined with all representatives from group ii) and all representatives from group iii).
- Particularly preferred polymers have certain structural units, which are described below.
- These polymers are prepared by copolymerizing acrylic acid with a sulfonic acid group-containing acrylic acid derivative. If the acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups is copolymerized with methacrylic acid, another polymer is obtained whose use is likewise preferred.
- Acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid can also be copolymerized completely analogously with methacrylic acid derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups, as a result of which the structural units in the molecule are changed.
- copolymers which are structural units of the formula - [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y.
- maleic acid can also be used as a particularly preferred monomer from group i).
- copolymers which contain structural units of the formula - [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] m [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) OY-SO 3 H] p - in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y.
- the bleaching agents are a substance which can be used with particular preference for washing or cleaning.
- sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
- Further useful bleaching agents are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, Citratperhy-drate and H 2 O 2 supplying peracid salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
- bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used.
- Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, e.g. Dibenzoyl.
- Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, e-phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [Phthaliminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)] , o-Carboxybenzamidoperoxycapronsäure, N-Nonenylamidoperadipinklare and N-Nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid; 1,9-Diperoxyazelaic acid, diperoxysebacic acid, diperoxybrassylic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids,
- chlorine or bromine releasing substances can be used.
- suitable chlorine or bromine releasing materials are, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or salts thereof with cations such as potassium and sodium.
- DICA dichloroisocyanuric acid
- Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin are also suitable.
- detergents or cleaners which contain from 1 to 35% by weight, preferably from 2.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 3.5 to 20% by weight and in particular from 5 to 15% by weight of bleach, preferably sodium percarbonate.
- the active oxygen content of the washing or cleaning agents in each case based on the total weight of the composition, preferably between 0.4 and 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 8 wt .-% and in particular between 0.6 and 5 wt .-% amount.
- Particularly preferred compositions have an active oxygen content above 0.3 wt .-%, preferably above 0.7 wt .-%, more preferably above 0.8 wt .-% and in particular above 1.0 wt .-% to.
- Bleach activators are used in laundry detergents or cleaners, for example, to achieve an improved bleaching effect when cleaned at temperatures of 60 ° C and below.
- As bleach activators it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Suitable substances are the O- and / or N-acyl groups of said carbon atom number and / or optionally bear substituted benzoyl groups.
- polyacylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxahexahydra-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5- diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.
- TAED tetraacetyl
- bleach activators it is also possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- polyacylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexa-hydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acyl-limide, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, Ethylene glycol di-acetate, 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, n
- bleach activators preference is given to bleach activators from the group of the polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol-sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methylsulfate (MMA), preferably in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 8% by weight. %, particularly 2 to 8 wt .-% and particularly preferably 2 to 6 wt.%, Each based on the total weight of the bleach activator-containing agents used.
- TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
- NOSI N-nonanoylsuccinimide
- bleach catalysts can also be used.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
- Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes in particular having the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) Complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or
- enzymes can be used. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically of natural origin; Starting from the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents and cleaners, which are preferably used accordingly.
- Detergents or cleaning agents contain enzymes preferably in total amounts of 1 ⁇ 10 -6 to 5 wt .-% based on active protein. The protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.
- Oxidoreductases for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo, chloro, bromo, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) can be used according to the invention to increase the bleaching effect.
- peroxidases such as halo, chloro, bromo, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases
- Suitable commercial products Denilite® ® 1 and 2 from Novozymes should be mentioned.
- organic, particularly preferably aromatic, compounds which interact with the enzymes in order to enhance the activity of the relevant oxidoreductases (enhancers) or to ensure the flow of electrons (mediators) at greatly varying redox potentials between the oxidizing enzymes and the soils.
- the enzymes are either originally derived from microorganisms; about the genera Bacillus, Streptomyces, Humicola, or Pseudomonas, and / or are produced by known biotechnological methods by suitable microorganisms, such as transgenic expression hosts of the genera Bacillus or filamentous fungi.
- the purification of the relevant enzymes is preferably carried out by conventional methods, for example by precipitation, sedimentation, concentration, filtration of the liquid phases, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, exposure to chemicals, deodorization or suitable combinations of these steps.
- the enzymes can be used in any form known in the art. These include, for example, the solid preparations obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization or, especially in the case of liquid or gel-form detergents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, sparing in water and / or added with stabilizers.
- the enzymes may be encapsulated for both the solid and liquid dosage forms, for example by spray-drying or extruding the enzyme solution together with a preferably natural polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped as in a solidified gel or in those of the core-shell type, in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water, air and / or chemical impermeable protective layer.
- further active ingredients for example stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaches or dyes, may additionally be applied.
- Such capsules are applied by methods known per se, for example by shaking or rolling granulation or in fluid-bed processes. advantageously, are such granules, for example, by applying polymeric film-forming, low-dust and storage stable due to the coating.
- a protein and / or enzyme may be particularly protected during storage against damage such as inactivation, denaturation or degradation, such as by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
- damage such as inactivation, denaturation or degradation, such as by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
- inhibition of proteolysis is particularly preferred, especially if the agents also contain proteases.
- Detergents may contain stabilizers for this purpose; the provision of such means constitutes a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- One group of stabilizers are reversible protease inhibitors. Frequently, benzamidine hydrochloride, borax, boric acids, boronic acids or their salts or esters are used, including, in particular, derivatives with aromatic groups, for example ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and para-substituted phenylboronic acids, or their salts or esters.
- peptidic protease inhibitors are, inter alia, ovomucoid and leupeptin to mention; An additional option is the formation of fusion proteins from proteases and peptide inhibitors.
- enzyme stabilizers are amino alcohols such as mono-, di-, triethanol- and -propanolamine and mixtures thereof, aliphatic carboxylic acids up to C 12 , such as succinic acid, other dicarboxylic acids or salts of said acids. End-capped fatty acid amide alkoxylates are also suitable. Certain organic acids used as builders are additionally capable of stabilizing a contained enzyme.
- Lower aliphatic alcohols but especially polyols, such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or sorbitol are other frequently used enzyme stabilizers. Also used are calcium salts, such as calcium acetate or calcium formate, and magnesium salts.
- Polyamide oligomers or polymeric compounds such as lignin, water-soluble vinyl copolymers or cellulose ethers, acrylic polymers and / or polyamides stabilize the enzyme preparation, inter alia, against physical influences or pH fluctuations.
- Polyamine N-oxide-containing polymers act as enzyme stabilizers.
- Other polymeric stabilizers are the linear C 8 -C 18 polyoxyalkylenes.
- Alkyl polyglycosides can stabilize the enzymatic components and even increase their performance.
- Crosslinked N-containing compounds also act as enzyme stabilizers.
- a sulfur-containing reducing agent is, for example, sodium sulfite.
- combinatons of stabilizers are used, for example of polyols, boric acid and / or borax, the combination of boric acid or borate, reducing salts and succinic acid or other dicarboxylic acids or the combination of boric acid or borate with polyols or polyamino compounds and with reducing salts.
- the effect of peptide-aldehyde stabilizers is enhanced by the combination with boric acid and / or boric acid derivatives and polyols and further enhanced by the additional use of divalent cations, such as calcium ions.
- disintegration aids so-called tablet disintegrants
- disintegrants and disintegrants according to Römpp (9th edition, Vol. 6, p. 4440)
- Voigt "textbook of pharmaceutical technology” (6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184 ) Excipients, which ensure the rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and for the release of the pharmaceuticals in resorbable form.
- disintegration aids are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, although other organic acids can also be used.
- Swelling disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Desintegration aids may preferably be used in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the disintegration assistant-containing agent.
- Disintegrating agents based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrating agents, so that preferred washing and cleaning agents comprise such a disintegrating agent Cellulose base in amounts of 0.5 to 10 wt.%, Preferably 3 to 7 wt .-% and in particular 4 to 6 wt.% Contain.
- Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and is formally a ⁇ -1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is composed of two molecules of glucose.
- Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5000 glucose units and therefore have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- Cellulose-based disintegrating agents which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives obtainable by polymer-analogous reactions of cellulose.
- Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- Celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bonded via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali metal celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses.
- the cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as disintegrating agents based on cellulose, but used in admixture with cellulose.
- the content of these mixtures of cellulose derivatives is preferably below 50% by weight, more preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegration agent. It is particularly preferred to use cellulose-based disintegrating agent which is free of
- the cellulose which can be used as a disintegration aid is preferably not used in finely divided form, but is converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before it is added to the premixes to be tabletted.
- the particle sizes of such disintegrating agents are usually above 200 .mu.m, preferably at least 90 wt .-% between 300 and 1600 .mu.m and in particular at least 90 wt .-% between 400 and 1200 microns.
- the above and described in more detail in the documents cited coarser disintegration aids are preferred in the present invention as disintegration aids and are commercially available, for example under the name of Arbocel ® TF-30-HG from Rettenmaier.
- microcrystalline cellulose As a further disintegrating agent based on cellulose or as a component of this component microcrystalline cellulose can be used.
- This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which attack and completely dissolve only the amorphous regions (about 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, leaving the crystalline regions (about 70%) intact. Subsequent deaggregation of the microfine celluloses produced by the hydrolysis yields the microcrystalline celluloses which have primary particle sizes of about 5 ⁇ m and can be compacted, for example, into granules having an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m.
- Preferred disintegration aids preferably a disintegration aid based on cellulose, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, can be used in disintegrating agents in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6 Wt .-%, in each case based on the total weight of the disintegrating agent-containing agent to be included.
- gas-evolving effervescent systems can furthermore be used as tablet disintegration auxiliaries.
- the gas-evolving effervescent system may consist of a single substance that releases a gas upon contact with water.
- the gas-releasing effervescent system in turn consists of at least two constituents which react with one another to form gas. While here a variety of systems is thinkable and executable that release, for example, nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen, the bubbling system used in detergents and cleaners can be selected both on the basis of economic as well as ecological considerations .
- Preferred effervescent systems consist of alkali metal carbonate and or - bicarbonate and an acidifying agent which is suitable for releasing carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution.
- the sodium and potassium salts are clearly preferred over the other salts for reasons of cost.
- the relevant pure alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates do not have to be used; Rather, mixtures of different carbonates and bicarbonates may be preferred.
- Acidifying agents which release carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution include, for example, boric acid and alkali metal hydrogen sulfates, alkali metal dihydrogen phosphates and other inorganic salts.
- Tartaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid and polyacrylic acid are again preferred from this group.
- Organic sulfonic acids such as sulfamic acid are also usable.
- Sokalan ® DCS commercially available and also preferably usable as Acid manufacturingsstoff in the context of the present invention Sokalan ® DCS (trademark of BASF), a mixture of succinic acid (max. 31 wt .-%), glutaric acid (max. 50 wt .-%) and adipic acid (max. 33 wt .-%).
- Acidifying agents in the effervescent system from the group of organic di-, tri- and oligocarboxylic acids or mixtures are preferred.
- Preferred dyes the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and to light and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the dye-containing agents such as textiles, glass, ceramics or plastic dishes do not stain them.
- Dyeing agents which can be oxidatively destroyed in the washing process and mixtures thereof with suitable blue dyes are preferred. It has proved to be advantageous to use colorants which are soluble in water or at room temperature in liquid organic substances. Suitable examples are anionic colorants, for example anionic nitrosofarbstoffe.
- One possible dye is, for example, naphthol green (Color Index (CI) Part 1: Acid Green 1; Part 2: 10020), which as a commercial product ® for example as Basacid Green 970 from BASF, Ludwigshafen, is, as well as mixtures thereof with suitable. blue dyes.
- Pigmosol come ® Blue 6900 (CI 74160), Pigmosol ® Green 8730 (CI 74260), Basonyl ® Red 545 FL (CI 45170), Sandolan® ® rhodamine EB400 (CI 45100), Basacid® ® Yellow 094 (CI 47005) Sicovit ® Patentblau 85 e 131 (CI 42051), Acid Blue 183 (CAS 12217-22-0, Cl Acidblue 183), pigment Blue 15 (CI 74160), Supranol Blue ® GLW (CAS 12219-32-addition).
- the detergents and cleaners can also contain further ingredients which further improve the performance and / or aesthetic properties of these compositions.
- Preferred agents contain one or more of the group of electrolytes, pH adjusters, fluorescers, hydrotopes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti redeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-shrinkage agents, anti-crease agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, antistatic agents, ironing aids , Phobic and impregnating agents, swelling and anti-slip agents and UV absorbers.
- known polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or derivatives thereof in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives thereof. Especially preferred of these are the sulfonated derivatives of the phthalic and terephthalic acid polymers.
- Optical brighteners can be added to the detergents or cleaning agents to eliminate graying and yellowing of the treated textiles. These fabrics impinge on the fiber and cause whitening and bleaching by transforming invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible longer wavelength light, emitting the ultraviolet light absorbed from the sunlight as faint bluish fluorescence, and pure with the yellowness of the grayed or yellowed wash White results.
- Suitable compounds are derived, for example, from the substance classes of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diaryl-pyrazolines, naphthalimides, Benzoxazole, benzisoxazole and benzimidazole systems and substituted by heterocycles pyrene derivatives.
- fluor acids 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids
- 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diaryl-pyrazolines, naphthalimides, Benzoxazole, benzisoxazole and benzimid
- Grayness inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing the dirt from being rebuilt.
- Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this purpose, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether sulfonic acids or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
- water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are suitable for this purpose.
- soluble starch preparations and other than the above-mentioned starch products can be used, e.g. degraded starch, aldehyde levels, etc. Also polyvinylpyrrolidone is useful.
- graying inhibitors are cellulose ethers, such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof.
- cellulose ethers such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof.
- synthetic anti-crease agents can be used. These include, for example, synthetic products based on fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, alkylol esters, -alkylolamides or fatty alcohols, which are usually reacted with ethylene oxide, or products based on lecithin or modified phosphoric acid ester.
- Phobic and impregnation processes are used to furnish textiles with substances that prevent the deposition of dirt or facilitate its leaching ability.
- Preferred repellents and impregnating agents are perfluorinated fatty acids, also in the form of their aluminum u. Zirconium salts, organic silicates, silicones, polyacrylic acid esters with perfluorinated alcohol component or polymerizable compounds coupled with perfluorinated acyl or sulfonyl radical.
- Antistatic agents may also be included. The antisoiling equipment with repellents and impregnating agents is often classified as an easy-care finish.
- the penetration of the impregnating agent in the form of solutions or emulsions of the active substances in question can be facilitated by adding wetting agents which reduce the surface tension.
- a further field of application of repellents and impregnating agents is the water-repellent finish of textiles, tents, tarpaulins, leather, etc., in which, in contrast to waterproofing, the fabric pores are not closed, so the fabric remains breathable (hydrophobing).
- the water repellents used for hydrophobizing coat textiles, leather, paper, wood, etc. with a very thin layer of hydrophobic groups, such as longer alkyl chains or siloxane groups. Suitable hydrophobizing agents are e.g. Paraffins, waxes, metal soaps, etc.
- hydrophobized materials do not feel greasy; nevertheless, similar to greasy substances, water droplets emit from them without moistening.
- Silicone-impregnated textiles have a soft feel and are water and dirt repellent; Stains from ink, wine, fruit juices and the like are easier to remove.
- Antimicrobial agents can be used to combat microorganisms. Depending on the antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action, a distinction is made between bacteriostats and bactericides, fungistatics and fungicides, etc. Important substances from these groups are, for example, benzalkonium chlorides, alkylarylsulfonates, halophenols and phenolmercuric acetate, although it is entirely possible to do without these compounds.
- compositions may contain anti-oxidants.
- This class of compounds includes, for example, substituted phenols, hydroquinones, catechols and aromatic amines, as well as organic sulfides, polysulfides, dithiocarbamates, phosphites and phosphonates.
- Antistatic agents increase the surface conductivity and thus allow an improved drainage of formed charges.
- External antistatic agents are usually substances with at least one hydrophilic molecule ligand and give more or less on the surfaces hygroscopic film. These mostly surface-active antistatic agents can be subdivided into nitrogen-containing (amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds), phosphorus-containing (phosphoric acid esters) and sulfur-containing (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates) antistatic agents.
- Lauryl (or stearyl) dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides are also suitable as antistatic agents for textiles or as an additive to detergents, wherein additionally a softening effect is achieved.
- Softeners can be used to care for the textiles and to improve the textile properties such as a softer "handle” (avivage) and reduced electrostatic charge (increased wearing comfort).
- the active ingredients in fabric softener formulations are "esterquats", quaternary ammonium compounds having two hydrophobic groups, such as disteryldimethylammonium chloride, but which is increasingly being replaced by quaternary ammonium compounds because of its insufficient biodegradability which contain ester groups in their hydrophobic residues as breaking points for biodegradation.
- esters quats with improved biodegradability are obtainable, for example, by esterifying mixtures of methyldiethanolamine and / or triethanolamine with fatty acids and then quaternizing the reaction products with alkylating agents in a manner known per se. Further suitable as a finish is dimethylolethyleneurea.
- Silicone derivatives can be used to improve water absorbency, rewettability of the treated fabrics and to facilitate ironing of the treated fabrics. These additionally improve the rinsing out of detergents or cleaning agents by their foam-inhibiting properties.
- Preferred silicone derivatives are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups have one to five carbon atoms and are completely or partially fluorinated.
- Preferred silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes, which may optionally be derivatized and are then amino-functional or quaternized or have Si-OH, Si-H and / or Si-Cl bonds.
- silicones are the polyalkylene oxide-modified polysiloxanes, ie polysiloxanes which comprise, for example, polyethylene glycols and also the polyalkylene oxide-modified dimetylpolysiloxanes.
- UV absorbers which are absorbed by the treated textiles and improve the light resistance of the fibers.
- Compounds having these desired properties include, for example, the non-radiative deactivating compounds and derivatives of benzophenone having substituents in the 2 and / or 4 position. Also suitable are substituted benzotriazoles, phenyl-substituted acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives) in the 3-position, optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid.
- Protein hydrolyzates are due to their fiber-care effect further in the context of the present invention preferred active substances from the field of detergents and cleaners.
- Protein hydrolysates are product mixtures obtained by acid, alkaline or enzymatically catalyzed degradation of proteins (proteins).
- protein hydrolysates of both vegetable and animal origin can be used.
- Animal protein hydrolysates are, for example, elastin, collagen, keratin, silk and milk protein protein hydrolysates, which may also be present in the form of salts.
- Preferred according to the invention is the use of protein hydrolysates of plant origin, e.g. Soy, almonds, rice, pea, potato and wheat protein hydrolysates.
- protein hydrolysates are preferred as such, amino acid mixtures which are otherwise obtained, or individual amino acids such as, for example, arginine, lysine, histidine of pyrroglutamic acid, may also be used in their place. Also possible is the use of derivatives of protein hydrolysates, for example in the form of their fatty acid condensation products.
- the nonaqueous solvents which can be used according to the invention include, in particular, the organic solvents, of which only the most important can be listed here: alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanols, butanols, octanols, cyclohexanol), glycols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol), ethers and glycol ethers (diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, anisole, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, mono-, di-, tri-, polyethylene glycol ethers), ketones (acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone), esters (acetic acid esters, glycol esters), amides and other nitrogen compounds (dimethylformamide, Pyridine, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile), sulfur compounds (carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane), nitro compounds (nitrobenzene), halogenated hydrocarbons (
- a solvent mixture which is particularly preferred in the context of the present application is, for example, benzine, a mixture of various hydrocarbons suitable for dry cleaning, preferably containing C12 to C14 hydrocarbons above 60% by weight, more preferably above 80% by weight and in particular above 90 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the mixture, preferably having a boiling range of 81 to 110 ° C.
- a porous polymer support of cross-linked polypropylene was placed in the Lödige mixer and mixed with a melt of PEG (polyethylene glycol) 4000 and a perfume oil at 80 ° C and mixed. After about 1-2 minutes, the mixture solidified.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- composition of the perfume store Crosslinked polypropylene 48% by weight PEG 4000 26% by weight perfume oil 26% by weight
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Fluidspeicher auf Basis eines Polymersubstrates, seine Verwendungen sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Fluidspeicher.The invention relates to a fluid reservoir based on a polymer substrate, its uses and a method for producing such fluid reservoir.
Für zahlreiche Anwendungen besteht ein Bedarf an teilchenförmigen Trägem, die in der Lage sind, Flüssigkeiten aufzunehmen und je nach Anwendung auch zu speichern und bei Bedarf wieder abzugeben.For many applications, there is a need for particulate carriers capable of receiving and, depending on the application, storing and returning fluids as needed.
Hierzu gibt es im Stand der Technik vielfältige Modelle. In der Regel werden dabei bestimmte Kemmaterialien, wie z.B. Zeolithe, mit entsprechenden Flüssigkeiten, z.B. Parfümöl imprägniert. Oft wird ein solches System noch beschichtet, um zu verhindern, dass die Flüssigkeit unerwünscht austritt.For this purpose, there are many models in the prior art. As a rule, certain core materials, such as e.g. Zeolites, with appropriate liquids, e.g. Perfume oil impregnated. Often, such a system is still coated to prevent the liquid from leaking undesirably.
Aus der
Allerdings besteht weiter das Bedürfnis nach entsprechenden Systemen, welche im Stande sind, vorzugsweise auch große Menge an Flüssigkeiten aufzunehmen, sicher zu speichern und erst zeitlich verzögert wieder freizusetzen. Die Befriedigung solchen Bedürfnisses war die Aufgabe dieser Erfindung.However, there continues to be a need for corresponding systems which are able to pick up and store large quantities of liquids, to store them safely and to release them only after a delay. The satisfaction of such need was the object of this invention.
Diese Aufgabe wurde überraschend gelöst vom Gegenstand der Erfindung, nämlich einem teilchenförmigen Fluidspeicher, welcher aus einem porösen, partikelförmigen Polymersubstrat aufgebaut ist, welches mit 5 Gew.-% bis 95 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des beladenen Polymersubstrates, eines Gastgemisches beladen ist, wobei dieses Gastgemisch
- a) als solches bei Temperaturen ≤ 20°C hochviskos oder fest ist,
- b) Fluide und wenigstens einen bei erhöhten Temperaturen fließfähigen Zusatzstoff enthält, welcher einen Schmelz- oder Fließpunkt im Bereich von 25°C bis 120°C aufweist,
- c) bereits bei Temperaturen unterhalb 120°C im wesentlichen unzersetzt in einen schmelzflüssigen Zustand übergeht.
- a) is highly viscous or solid at temperatures ≤ 20 ° C,
- b) containing fluids and at least one flowable additive at elevated temperatures which has a melting or pour point in the range of 25 ° C to 120 ° C,
- c) already at temperatures below 120 ° C substantially undecomposed into a molten state.
Unter dem teilchenförmigen Fluidspeicher wird also ein poröses Polymersubstrat verstanden, in welchem große Mengen Flüssigkeit, wie z.B. Parfüm, sicher und dauerhaft immobilisiert sind. Die Freisetzung der Flüssigkeit kann z.B. durch Temperaturerhöhung und/oder mechanische Beanspruchung erreicht werden. So ist es möglich eine Art Flüssigkeitsdepot anzulegen, welches bei Bedarf geöffnet werden kann.By the particulate fluid reservoir is thus meant a porous polymer substrate in which large quantities of liquid, e.g. Perfume, safe and permanently immobilized. The release of the liquid may e.g. be achieved by increasing the temperature and / or mechanical stress. So it is possible to create a kind of liquid depot, which can be opened if necessary.
Der Fluidspeicher lässt sich vorteilhafterweise problemlos in diverse Matrices einarbeiten, selbst in flüssige Matrices, ohne dass es zu einer wesentlichen, nachteiligen Interaktion mit der Matrix käme.The fluid reservoir can be advantageously incorporated easily into various matrices, even into liquid matrices, without there being any significant disadvantageous interaction with the matrix.
Mit dem Begriff "im wesentlichen unzersetzt" wird dem Faktum Rechnung getragen, dass manche Materialien oder Verbindungen oder Stoffe sich bei der Zufuhr thermischer Energie zersetzen können. Das heißt, dass das betreffende Material in solchem Falle durch den Temperatureinfluss so in seinem Aufbau verändert wird, dass es dadurch in einen für seinen ursprünglichen Verwendungszweck nicht mehr geeigneten Zustand überführt wird.The term "substantially undecomposed" takes into account the fact that some materials or compounds or substances may degrade upon the supply of thermal energy. This means that the material in question is changed in such a case by the influence of temperature in its structure that it is thereby converted into a no longer suitable for its original purpose.
Im Unterschied dazu, zeichnen sich die Gastgemische vorzugsweise dadurch aus, dass sie im wesentlichen unzersetzt in einen schmelzflüssigen Zustand übergehen. Das bedeutet, dass sie bei der spezifischen Temperaturbelastung, die notwendig ist, um sie in den schmelzflüssigen Zustand zu überführen, keinen größeren Abbaureaktionen unterliegen, so dass ein erfindungsgemäßes Gastgemisch auch nach seiner Überführung in einen fließfähigen Zustand und der darauf folgenden Rücküberführung in den festen Zustand vorzugsweise weitestgehend unverändert bleibt. Im Gegensatz dazu steht beispielsweise ein Objekt, welches bei der Überführung in den schmelzflüssigen Zustand Zersetzungen erleidet, so dass das Objekt, nach der Rücküberführung in den festen Zustand sich deutlich von seinem Ausgangszustand unterscheidet, z.B. hinsichtlich seiner Optik, seiner Haptik, seines Geruches oder hinsichtlich anderer Aspekte.In contrast, the guest mixtures are preferably characterized by the fact that they go substantially undecomposed in a molten state. This means that they do not undergo major degradation reactions at the specific temperature load necessary to bring them to the molten state, so that a guest mixture according to the invention, even after its conversion to a flowable state and the subsequent return to the solid state preferably remains largely unchanged. By contrast, for example, there is an object which undergoes decomposition upon being transferred to the molten state, so that the object, after being returned to the solid state, is clearly different from its initial state, e.g. in terms of its appearance, its feel, its smell or other aspects.
Ein Gastgemisch gilt vorzugsweise dann als hochviskos, wenn die Brookfield-Viskosität bei 20°C einen Wert von 2500 mPas, vorzugsweise von 5000 mPas, insbesondere von 7 500 mPas, mit Vorzug 10000 mPas und insbesondere bevorzugt von 25000 mPas übersteigt. (Viskositätsmessung in einem Brookfield Viskosimeter Model DV II bei 20 Upm mit Spindel 3)A guest mixture is preferably considered to be highly viscous if the Brookfield viscosity at 20 ° C. exceeds 2500 mPas, preferably 5000 mPas, in particular 7 500 mPas, preferably 10000 mPas and more preferably 25000 mPas. (Viscosity Measurement in a Brookfield Viscometer Model DV II at 20 rpm with Spindle 3)
Bei dem Fluid handelt es sich vorzugsweise um eine Flüssigkeit (bei T=20°C), vorzugsweise enthaltend
- a) flüssige Riechstoffe (Parfümöle) und/oder
- b) flüssige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelinhaltsstoffe, wie vorzugsweise Tenside, insbesondere Niotenside, Silikonöle, Paraffine und/oder
- c) flüssige Kosmetikinhaltstoffe, wie vorzugsweise Öle und/oder
- d) flüssige nicht-pharmazeutische Additive oder Wirkstoffe und/oder
- e) Mischungen vorgenannter.
- a) liquid fragrances (perfume oils) and / or
- b) liquid washing and cleaning agent ingredients, such as preferably surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants, silicone oils, paraffins and / or
- c) liquid cosmetic ingredients, such as preferably oils and / or
- d) liquid non-pharmaceutical additives or active ingredients and / or
- e) mixtures of the aforementioned.
Am meisten bevorzugt sind Riechstoffe und Niotenside, insbesondere im Gemisch. Im Sinne dieser Erfindung werden die Begriffe "Riechstoff(e)" und "Parfümöl(e)" synonym gebraucht. Damit sind insbesondere all jene Stoffe oder deren Gemische gemeint, die von Mensch und Tier als Geruch empfunden werden, insbesondere vom Mensch als Wohlgeruch empfunden werden.Most preferred are fragrances and nonionic surfactants, especially in admixture. For the purposes of this invention, the terms "fragrance (s)" and "perfume oil (s)" are used synonymously. This means, in particular, all those substances or mixtures thereof that are perceived by humans and animals as odor, in particular perceived by humans as a fragrance.
Als Parfümöle können beispielsweise einzelne Riechstoffverbindungen, z.B. die synthetischen Produkte vom Typ der Ester, Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Alkohole und Kohlenwasserstoffe verwendet werden. Riechstoffverbindungen vom Typ der Ester sind z.B. Benzylacetat, Phenoxyethylisobutyrat, p-tert.-Butylcyciohexylacetat, Linalylacetat, Dimethylbenzylcarbinyl-acetat, Phenylethylacetat, Linalylbenzoat, Benzylformiat, Ethyl-methylphenylglycinat, Allylcyciohexylpropionat, Styrallylpropionat und Benzyisalicylat. Zu den Ethern zählen beispielsweise Benzylethylether, zu den Aldehyden z.B. die linearen Alkanale mit 8 -18 C-Atomen, Citral, Citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyd, Cyclamenaldehyd, Hydroxycitronellel, Lilial und Bourgeonal, zu den Ketonen z.B. die Jonone, Isomethylionon und Methyl-cedrylketon, zu den Alkoholen Anethol, Citronellol, Eugenol, Geraniol, Linalool, Phenylethylelkohol und Terpineol, zu den Kohlenwasserstoffen gehören hauptsächlich die Terpene und Balsame. Bevorzugt werden jedoch Mischungen verschiedener Riechstoffe verwendet, die gemeinsam eine ansprechende Duftnote erzeugen.As perfume oils, for example, individual fragrance compounds, for example, the synthetic products of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons used become. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzylformate, ethylmethylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexylpropionate, styrallylpropionate and benzylisalicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes, for example, the linear alkanals with 8 -18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, Hydroxycitronellel, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones such as the ionone, isomethylionone and methyl cedrylketone to the alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes and balsams. Preferably, however, mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance.
Die Parfümöle können selbstverständlich auch natürliche Riechstoffgemische enthalten, wie sie aus pflanzlichen oder tierischen Quellen zugänglich sind, z.B. Pinien-, Citrus-, Jasmin-, Lilien-, Rosen- oder Ylang-Ylang-ÖI. Auch ätherische Öle geringerer Flüchtigkeit, die meist als Aromakomportenten verwendet werden, eignen sich als. Parfümöle, z.B. Salbeiöl, Kamillenöl, Nelkenöl, Melissenöl, Minzenöl, Zimtblätteröl, Lindenblütenöl, Wacholderbeerenöl, Vetiveröl, Galbanumöl und Ladanumöl.The perfume oils may, of course, also contain natural fragrance mixtures, such as are available from plant or animal sources, e.g. Pine, Citrus, Jasmine, Lily, Rose or Ylang-Ylang oil. Also essential oils of lower volatility, which are mostly used as flavoring agents, are suitable as. Perfume oils, e.g. Sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, galbanum oil and ladanum oil.
Erfindungsgemäß können insbesondere Riechstoffe eingesetzt werden, welche ausgewählt sind aus Riechstoffen mit
- (a) mandelartigem Geruch, wie vorzugsweise Benzaldehyd, Pentanal, Heptenal, 5-Methylfurfural, Methylbutanal, Furfural und/oder Acetophenon oder
- (b) apfelartigem Geruch, wie vorzugsweise (S)-(+)-Ethyl-2-methylbutanoat, Diethylmalonat, Ethylbutyrat, Geranylbutyrat, Geranylisopentanoat, Isobutylacetat, Linalylisopentanoat, (E)-β-Dainascone, Heptyl-2-methylbutyrat, Methyl-3-methylbutanoat, 2-Hexenal-pentylmethylbutyrat, Ethylmethylbutyrate und/oder Methyl-2-Methylbutanoat oder
- (c) apfelschalenartigem Geruch, wie vorzugsweise Ethylhexanoat, Hexylbutanoat und/oder Hexylhexanoat oder
- (d) aprikosenartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise γ-Undecalacton oder
- (e) bananenartigem Geruch, wie vorzugsweise Isobutylacetat, Isoamylacetat, Hexenylacetat und/oder Pentylbutanoat oder
- (f) bittermandelartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise 4-Acetyltoluol oder
- (g) schwarze Johannisbeere-artigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Mercaptomethylpentanon und/oder Methoxymethylbutanethiol oder
- (h) zitrusartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Linalylpentanoat, Heptanal, Linalylisopentanoat dodecanal, Linalylformiat, α-p-Dimethylstyrol, p-Cymenol, Nonanal, β-Cubebene, (Z)-Limonenoxid, cis-6-Ethenyltetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethylpyran-3-ol, cis-pyranoidlinalooloxid, Dihydrolinalool, 6(10)-Dihydromyrcenol, Dihydromyrcenol, β-Farnesen, (Z)-β-Farnesen, (Z)-Ocimen, (E)-Limonenoxid, Dihydroterpinylacetat, (+)-Limonen, (Epoxymethylbutyl)-methylfuran und/oder p-Cymen oder
- (i) kakaoartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Dimethylpyrazin, Butylmethylbutyrat und/oder Methylbutanal oder
- (j) kokusnußartigem Geruch, wie vorzugsweise γ-Octalacton, γ-Nonalacton, Methyllaurat, Tetradecanol, Methylnonanoat, (3S,3aS,7aR)-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethylbenzofuran-2(3H)-on, 5-Butyldihydro-4-methyl- 2(3H)-Furanon. Ethylundecanoat und/oder δ-Decalacton oder
- (k) sahneartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Diethylacetal, 3-Hydroxy-2-butanon, 2,3-Pentadion und/oder 4-Heptenal oder
- (l) blumenartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Benzylalcohol, Phenylessigsäure, Tridecanal, p-Anisylalcohol, Hexanol, (E,E)-Farnesylaceton, Methylgeranat, trans-Crotonaldehyd, Tetradecylaldehyd, Methylanthranilat, Linalooloxid, Epoxylinalool, Phytol, 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol, Neroloxid, Ethyldihydrocinnamat, γ-Dodecalacton, Hexadecanol, 4-Mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanol, (Z)-Ocimene, Cetylalcohol, Nerolidol, Ethyl-(E)-cinnamat, Elemicin, Pinocarveol, α-Bisabolol, (2R,4R)-Tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2H-pyran, (E)-Isoelemicin, Methyl-2- methylpropanoat, Trimethylphenylbutenon, 2-Methylanisol, β-Farnesol, (E)-Isoeugenol, Nitro-phenylethan, Ethylvanillat, 6-Methoxyeugenol, Linalool, β-Ionon, Trimethylphenylbutenon, Ethylbenzoat, Phenylethylbenzoat, Isoeugenol und/oder Acetophenone oder
- (m) Frische-Geruch wie vorzugsweise Methylhexanoat, Undecanon, (Z)-limonenoxid, Benzylacetat, Ethylhydroxyhexanoat, Isopropylhexanoat, Pentadecanal, β-Elemene, α-Zingiberene, (E)-Limonenoxid, (E)-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, Menthon, Piperiton, (E)-3-Hexenol und/oder Carveol oder
- (n) Frucht-Geruch wie verzugsweise Ethylphenylacetat, Geranylvalerat, γ-Heptalacton, Ethylpropionat, Diethylacetal, Geranylbutyrat, Ethylheptylat, Ethyloctanoat, Methylhexanoat, Dimethylheptenal, Pentanon, Ethyl-3-methylbutanoat, Geranylisovalerat, lobutylacetat, Ethoxypropanol, Mthyl-2-butenal, Mthylnonanedion, Linalylacetat, Mthylgeranat, Lmonenoxid, Hdrocinnamicalcohol, Dethylsuccinat, Ehylhexanoat, Ehylmethylpyrazin, Nryletat, Ctronellylbutyrat, Heylacetat, Nonylacetat, Butylmethylbutyrat, Pentenal, Isopentyldimethylpyrazin, p-menth-1-en-9-ol, Hexadecanon, Octylacetat, γ-Dodecalacton, Epoxy-β-ionon, Ethyloctenoat, Ethylisohexanoat, Isobornylpropionat, Cedrenol, p-menth-1-en-9-yl acetat, Cadinadien, (Z)-3-Hexenylhexanoat, Ethylcyclohexanoat, 4-Methylthio-2-butanon, 3,5-Octadienon, Methylcyclohexancarboxylat, 2-pentylthiophen, α-Ocimene, Butandiol, Ethylvalerat, Pentanol, Isopiperiton, Butyloctanoat, Ethylvanillat, Methylbutanoat, 2-Methylbutylacetat, Propylhexanoat, Butylhexanoat, Isopropylbutanoat, Spathulenol, Butanol, δ-Dodecalacton, Methylquinoxalin, Sesquiphellandren, 2-Hexenol, Ethylbenzoate,lsopropylbenzoat, Ethyllactat und/oder Citronellylisobutyrat oder
- (o) Geranium-artigen Geruch, wie vorzugsweise Geraniol, (E,Z)-2,4-Nonadienal, Octadienon und/oder o-Xylen oder
- (p) weintraubenartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Ethyldecanoat und/oder Hexanon oder
- (q) grapefruitartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise (+)-5,6-Dimethyl-8-isopropenylbicyclo[4.4.0]dec-1-en-3-on und/oder p-Menthenethiol oder
- (r) grasartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise 2-Ethylpyridin, 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalen, Hexanal und/oder (Z)-3-Hexenol oder
- (s) grüner Note, vorzugsweise 2-Ethylhexanol, 6-Decenal, Dimethylheptenal, Hexanol, Heptanol, Methyl-2-butenal, Hexyloctanoate, Nonansäure, Undecanon, Methylgeranat, Isobornylformiate, Butanal, Octanal, Nonanal, Epoxy-2-decenal, cis-Linalool, Pyranoxid, Nonanol, alpha,y-dimethylallylalcohol, (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenylbutanoat, Isobutylthiazol, (E)-2-nonenal, 2-dodecenal, (Z)-4-decenal, 2-octenal, 2-hepten-1-al, Bicyclogermacrene, 2-Octenal, α-Thujene, (Z)-β-Farnesene, (-)-γ-Elemene, 2,4- Octadienal, Fucoserraten, Hexenylacetat, Geranylaceton, Valencene, β-Eudesmol, 1-Hexenol, (E)-2-Undecenal, Artemisia keton, Viridiflorol, 2,6-Nonadienal, Trimethylphenylbutenon, 2,4-Nonadienal, Butylisothiocyanat, 2-Pentanol, Elemol, 2-Hexenal, 3-Hexenal, (+)-(E)-Limonenoxid, cis-Isocitral, Dimethyloctadienal, Bornylformiat, Bornylisovalerat, Isobutyraldehyd, 2,4-Hexadienal, Trimethylphenylbutenon, Nonanon, (E)-2-Hexenal, (+)-cis-Rosenoxide, Menthone, Coumarin, (Epoxymethylbutyl)-methylfuran, 2-Hexenol, (E)-2-hexenol und/oder Carvylacetat oder
- (t) Grüner Tee-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise (-)-Cubenol oder
- (u) kräuterartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Octanon, Hexyloctanoat, Caryophyllenoxide, Methylbutenol, Safranal, Benzylbenzoat, Bornylbutyrat, Hexylacetat, β-Bisabolol, Piperitol, β-Selinene, α-Cubebene, p-Menth-1-en-9-ol, 1,5,9,9-Teframethyl-12-oxabicyclododeca-4,7-dien, T-muurolol, (-)-Cubenol, Levomenol, Ocimene, α-Thujene, p-Menth-1-en-9-yl acetat, Dehydrocarveol, Artemisia alcohol, γ-Muurolene, Hydroxypentanon, (Z)-Ocimene, β-Elemene, δ-Cadinol, (E)-β-Ocimene, (Z)-Dihydrocarvone, α-Cadinol, Calamenen, (Z)-Piperitol. Lavandulol, β-Bourbonene, (Z)-3-Hexenyl-2-methylbutanoat, 4-(1-Methylethyl)-benzenemethanol, Artemisia keton, Methyl-2-butenol, Heptanol, (E)-Dihydrocarvon, p-2-Menthen-1-ol, α-Curcumene, Spathulenol, Sesquiphellandren, Citronellylvalerat, Bornylisovalerat, 1,5-Octadien-3-ol, Methylbenzoat, 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroanisol und/oder Hydroxycalamenen oder
- (v) honigartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Ethylcinnamate, β-Phenethylacetat, Phenylessigsäure, Phenylethanal, Methylanthranilat, Zimtsäure, β-Damascenone, Ethyl-(E)-cinnamat, 2-Phenylethylalcohol, Citronellylvalerate, Phenylethylbenzoate und/oder Eugenol oder
- (w) Hyazinthen-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Hotrienol oder
- (x) jasminartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Methyljasmonate, Methyldihydroepijasmonat und/oder Methylepijasmonat oder
- (y) lavendelartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Linalylvalerate und/oder Linalool oder
- (z) zitronenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Neral, Octanal, δ-3-Carene, Limonen, Geranial, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanol, Citral, 2,3-Dehydro-1,8-cineol und/oder α-Terpinen oder
- (aa) lilienartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Dodecanal oder
- (bb) magnolienartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Geranylaceton oder
- (cc) mandarinenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Undecanol oder
- (dd) melonenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Dimethylheptenal oder
- (ee) Minze-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Menthone, Ethylsalicylat, p-Anisaldehyd, 2,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethyl-benzofuran, Epoxy-p-menthene, Geranial, (Methylbutenyl)-methylfuran, Dihydrocarvylacetat, β-Cyclocitral, 1,8-Cineol, β-Phellandrene. Methylpentanon, (+)-Limonen, Dihydrocarveol (-)-Carvon, (E)-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, Isopulegylacetat, Piperiton, 2,3-Dehydro-1,8-cineol, α-Terpineol, DL-carvon und/oder α-Phellandrene oder
- (ff) nußartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise 5-methyl-(E)-2-hepten-4-on, γ-Heptalacton, 2-Acetylpyrrol, 3-Octen-2-on, Dihydromethylcyclopentapyrazin, Acetylthiazol, 2-Octenal, 2,4-Heptadienal, 3-Octenon, Hydroxypentanon, Octanol, Dimethylpyrazin, Methylquinoxalin und/oder Acetylpyrrolin oder
- (gg) orangenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Methyloctanoat; Undecanon, Decylalcohol, Limonen und/oder 2-Decenal oder
- (hh) Orangenschalen-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Decanal und/oder β-Carene oder
- (ii) pfirsichartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise γ-Nonalacton, (Z)-6-Dodecene-γ-lacton, δ-Decalacton, R-δ-Decenolacton, Hexylhexanoat, 5-Octanolid, γ-Decalacton und/oder δ-Undecalacton oder (jj) Pfefferminze-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Methylsalicylat und/oder I-Menthol oder
- (kk) Kiefer-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise α-p-Dimethylstyrol, β-Pinene, Bornylbenzoat, δ-Terpinen, Dihydroterpinylacetat und/oder α-Pinen oder
- (II) ananasartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Propylbutyrat, Propylpropanoat und/oder Ethylacetat oder
- (mm) pflaumenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Benzylbutanoat, oder
- (nn) himbeerartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise β-Ionone oder
- (oo) Rose-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise β-Phenethylacetat, 2-Ethylhexanol, Geranylvalerat, Geranylacetat, Citronellol, Geraniol, Geranylbutyrat, Geranylisovalerat, Citronellylbutyrat, Citronellylacetat, Isogeraniol, Tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2,5-cis-2H-pyran, Isogeraniol, 2-Phenylethylalcohol, Citronellylvalerat und/oder Citronellylisobutyrat, oder
- (pp) Grüne Minze-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Carvylacetate und/oder Carveol, oder
- (qq) erdbeerenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Hexylmethylbutyrat, Methylcinnamat, Pentenal, Methylcinnamate oder
- (rr) süßlichem Geruch, vorzugsweise Benzylalcohol, Ethylphenylacetat, Tridecanal, Nerol, Methylhexanoat, Linalylisovalerat, Undecanaldehyd, Caryophyllenoxid, Linalylacetat, Safranal, Uncineol, Phenylethanal, p-Anisaldehyd, Eudesmol, Ethylmethylpyrazin, Citronellylbutyrat, 4-Methyl-3-penten-2-on, Nonylacetat, 10-Epi-γ-eudesmol, β-Bisabolol, (Z)-6-Dodecen-γ-lacton, β-Farnesene, 2-Dodecenal, γ-Dodecalacton, Epoxy-β-ionon, 2-Undecenal, Styrenglycol, Methylfuraneol, (-)-cis-Rosenoxid, (E)-β-Ocimene, Dimethylmethoxyfuranon, 1,8-Cineole, Ethylbenzaldehyd, 2-Pentylthiophen, α-Farnesene, Methionol, 7-Methoxycoumarin, (Z)-3-Hexenyl-2-methylbutanoat, o-Aminoacetophenon, Viridiflorol, Isopiperitone, β-Sinensal, Ethylvanillat, Methylbutanoat, p-Methoxystyrol, 6-Methoxyeugenol, 4-Hexanolid, δ-Dodecalacton, Sesquiphellandren, Diethylmalat, Linalylbutyrat, Guaiacol, Coumarin, Methylbenzoat, Isopropylbenzoat, Safrole, Durene, γ-Butyrolacton, Ethylisobutyrat und/oder Furfural oder
- (ss) Vanille-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Vanillin, Methylvanillat, Acetovanillon und/oder Ethylvanillat oder
- (tt) wassermelonenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise 2,4-Nonadienal oder
- (uu) holzartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise α-Muurolene, Cadina-1,4-dien-3-ol, Isocaryophyllene, Eudesmol, α-Ionon, Bornylbutyrat, (E)-α-Bergamoten, Linalooloxid, Ethylpyrazin, 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol, α-Ionon, Bornylbutyrat, (E)-α-Bergamoten, Linalooloxid, Ethylpyrazin, 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol, Germacrene B, trans-Sabinenhydrat, Dihydrolinalool, Isodihydrocarveol, β-Farnesene, β-Sesquiphellandren, δ-Elemene, α-Calacorene, Epoxy-β-ionon, Germacrene D, Bicyclogermacrene, Alloaromadendrene, α-Thujene, oxo-β-Ionon, (-)-γ-Elemene. γ-Muurolene, Sabinene, α-Guaiene, o-Copaene. γ-Cadinene, Nerolidol, β-Eudesmol, α-Cadinol, δ-Cadinene, 4,5-Dimethoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxol, [1ar-(1aalpha,4aalpha,7alpha,7abeta,7balpha)]-decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-1H-cycloprop[e]azulen, α-Gurjunen, Guaiol, α-Farnesene, γ-Selinene, 4-(1-Methylethyl)-benzenemethanol, Perillen, Elemol, α-Humulene, β-Caryophyllene und/oder β-Guaiene oder
- (w) Mischungen aus vorgenannten.
- (a) almond-like odor, such as preferably benzaldehyde, pentanal, heptenal, 5-methylfurfural, methylbutanal, furfural and / or acetophenone or
- (b) apple-like odor, preferably (S) - (+) - ethyl-2-methylbutanoate, diethyl malonate, ethyl butyrate, geranyl butyrate, geranyl isopentanoate, isobutyl acetate, linalyl isopentanoate, (E) -β-dainascone, heptyl-2-methyl butyrate, methyl 3-methylbutanoate, 2-hexenalpentylmethyl butyrate, ethylmethyl butyrate and / or methyl 2-methylbutanoate or
- (c) apple peel-like odor, such as preferably ethylhexanoate, hexylbutanoate and / or hexylhexanoate or
- (d) apricot-like odor, preferably γ-undecalactone, or
- (e) banana-like odor, such as preferably isobutyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, hexenyl acetate and / or pentyl butanoate or
- (f) bitter almond-like odor such as preferably 4-acetyltoluene or
- (g) blackcurrant-like odor, such as preferably mercaptomethylpentanone and / or methoxymethylbutanethiol or
- (c) citrus-like odor such as preferably linalyl pentanoate, heptanal, linalyl isopentanoate dodecanal, linalyl formate, α-p-dimethylstyrene, p-cymenol, nonanal, β-cubebene, (Z) -liminene oxide, cis-6-ethenyl-tetrahydro-2,2,6- trimethylpyran-3-ol, cis-pyranoidlinalooloxide, dihydrolinalool, 6 (10) -dihydromyrcenol, dihydromyrcenol, β-farnesene, (Z) -β-farnesene, (Z) -cimene, (E) -Limone oxide, Dihydroterpinylacetat, (+) - limonene, (Epoxymethylbutyl) -methylfuran and / or p-cymene or
- (i) cocoa like odor, preferably dimethylpyrazine, butylmethyl butyrate and / or methylbutanal or
- (j) coconut-like odor, such as preferably γ-octalactone, γ-nonalactone, methyl laurate, tetradecanol, methyl nonanoate, (3S, 3aS, 7aR) -3a, 4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethylbenzofuran-2 (3H) -one, 5-butyldihydro-4-methyl-2 (3H) -furanone. Ethyl undecanoate and / or δ-decalactone or
- (k) creamy odor such as preferably diethyl acetal, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2,3-pentadione and / or 4-heptenal, or
- (l) flower-like odor such as preferably benzyl alcohol, phenylacetic acid, tridecanal, p-anisyl alcohol, hexanol, (E, E) -farnesylacetone, methyl geranate, trans-crotonaldehyde, tetradecylaldehyde, methyl anthranilate, linalooloxide, epoxylinalool, phytol, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol , Nerol oxide, ethyldihydrocinnamate, γ-dodecalactone, hexadecanol, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanol, (Z) -oximes, cetyl alcohol, nerolidol, ethyl (E) -cinnamate, elemicin, pinocarveol, α-bisabolol, ( 2R, 4R) -Tetrahydro-4-methyl-2- (2-methyl-1-propenyl) -2H-pyran, (E) -Isoelemicin, methyl 2-methylpropanoate, trimethylphenylbutenone, 2-methylanisole, β-farnesol, ( E) isoeugenol, nitro-phenylethane, ethyl vanillate, 6-methoxyeugenol, linalool, β-ionone, trimethylphenylbutenone, ethyl benzoate, phenylethyl benzoate, isoeugenol and / or acetophenones or
- (m) freshness odor, preferably methylhexanoate, undecanone, (Z) -limonoxide, benzylacetate, ethylhydroxyhexanoate, isopropylhexanoate, pentadecanal, β-elemene, α-zingiberene, (E) -liminic oxide, (E) -p-mentha-2, 8-dien-1-ol, menthone, piperone, (E) -3-hexenol and / or carveol or
- (n) Fruit odor, such as ethylphenylacetate, geranylvalerate, γ-heptalactone, ethylpropionate, diethylacetal, geranylbutyrate, ethylheptylate, ethyloctanoate, methylhexanoate, dimethylheptenal, pentanone, ethyl-3-methylbutanoate, geranylisovalerate, lobutylacetate, ethoxypropanol, methyl-2-butenal, Methylnonanedione, linalyl acetate, methyl geranate, ammonium oxide, hdrocinnamic alcohol, ethylsuccinate, ethylhexanoate, ethylmethylpyrazine, ethyl acetate, ctronellyl butyrate, heyl acetate, nonyl acetate, butylmethyl butyrate, pentenal, isopentyldimethylpyrazine, p-menth-1-en-9-ol, hexadecanone, octyl acetate, γ-dodecalactone, Epoxy β-ionone, ethyloctenoate, ethylisohexanoate, isobornyl propionate, cedrenol, p-menth-1-en-9-yl acetate, cadinadiene, (Z) -3-hexenylhexanoate, ethylcyclohexanoate, 4-methylthio-2-butanone, 3.5 Octadienone, methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, 2-pentylthiophene, α-ocimene, butanediol, ethyl valerate, pentanol, isopiperone, butyl octanoate, ethyl vanillate, methyl butanoate, 2-methyl butyl acetate, propyl hexanoate, butyl hexanoate t, isopropyl butanoate, spathulenol, butanol, δ-dodecalactone, methylquinoxaline, sesquiphellandrene, 2-hexenol, ethyl benzoate, isopropyl benzoate, ethyl lactate and / or citronellyl isobutyrate or
- (o) Geranium-like odor, such as preferably geraniol, (E, Z) -2,4-nonadienal, octadienone and / or o-xylene or
- (p) grape-like odor such as preferably ethyl decanoate and / or hexanone or
- (q) grapefruit-like odor such as preferably (+) - 5,6-dimethyl-8-isopropenylbicyclo [4.4.0] dec-1-en-3-one and / or p-menthenethiol or
- (R) grassy odor such as preferably 2-ethylpyridine, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, hexanal and / or (Z) -3-hexenol or
- (s) green note, preferably 2-ethylhexanol, 6-decenal, dimethylheptenal, hexanol, heptanol, methyl-2-butenal, hexyloctanoates, nonanoic acid, undecanone, methyl geranate, isobornylformiate, butanal, octanal, nonanal, epoxy-2-decenal, cis -Linalool, pyranoxide, nonanol, alpha, y-dimethylallylalcohol, (Z) -2-penten-1-ol, (Z) -3-hexenylbutanoate, isobutylthiazole, (E) -2-nonenal, 2-dodecenal, (Z) 4-decenal, 2-octenal, 2-hepten-1-al, bicyclo mermose, 2-octenal, α-thujene, (Z) -β-farnesene, (-) - γ-elemene, 2,4-octadienal, fucoserrate , Hexenylacetate, geranylacetone, valencene, β-eudesmol, 1-hexenol, (E) -2-undecenal, artemisia ketone, viridiflorol, 2,6-nonadienal, trimethylphenylbutenone, 2,4-nonadienal, butylisothiocyanate, 2-pentanol, elemole, 2-hexenal, 3-hexenal, (+) - (E) -liminene oxide, cis -isocitral, dimethyloctadienal, bornylformate, bornylisovalerate, isobutyraldehyde, 2,4-hexadienal, trimethylphenylbutenone, nonanone, (E) -2-hexenal, (+ ) -cis-Rosenoxide, Menthone, Coumarin, (Epoxymethylbutyl) -methylfura n, 2-hexenol, (E) -2-hexenol and / or carvyl acetate or
- (t) Green Tea-like odor, preferably (-) - Cubenol or
- (u) herbaceous odor, preferably octanone, hexyloctanoate, caryophyllene oxides, methylbutenol, safranal, benzyl benzoate, bornyl butyrate, hexyl acetate, β-bisabolol, piperitol, β-selenene, α-cubebene, p-menth-1-en-9-ol, 1 , 5,9,9-Tframethyl-12-oxabicyclododeca-4,7-diene, T-muurolol, (-) - cubenol, levomenol, ocimene, α-thujene, p-menth-1-en-9-yl acetate, Dehydrocarveol, Artemisia alcohol, γ-Muurolene, hydroxypentanone, (Z) -Ocimene, β-elemene, δ-cadinol, (E) -β-Ocimene, (Z) -dihydrocarvone, α-cadinol, calamenene, (Z) -piperitol , Lavandulol, β-bourbonene, (Z) -3-hexenyl-2-methylbutanoate, 4- (1-methylethyl) benzene-ethanol, artemisia ketone, methyl-2-butenol, heptanol, (E) -dihydrocarvone, p-2-menthene 1-ol, α-curcumene, spathulenol, sesquipellandrene, citronellyl valerate, bornyl isovalerate, 1,5-octadien-3-ol, methyl benzoate, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroanisole and / or hydroxycalmenes or
- (v) honey-like odor, preferably ethyl cinnamate, β-phenethyl acetate, phenylacetic acid, phenylethanal, methyl anthranilate, cinnamic acid, β-damascenone, ethyl (E) -cinnamate, 2-phenylethylalcohol, citronellyl valerate, phenylethyl benzoate and / or eugenol or
- (w) Hyacinth-like odor, preferably Hotrienol or
- (x) jasmine-like odor, preferably methyl jasmonate, methyldihydroepijasmonate and / or methylepijasmonate or
- (y) lavender-like odor, preferably linalyl valerate and / or linalool or
- (z) lemon-like odor, preferably, neral, octanal, δ-3-carene, limonene, geranial, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanol, citral, 2,3-dehydro-1,8-cineol and / or α -Terpines or
- (aa) lily-like odor, preferably dodecanal or
- (bb) magnolia-like odor, preferably geranylacetone or
- (cc) mandarin-like odor, preferably undecanol or
- (dd) melon-like odor, preferably dimethylheptenal or
- (ee) minty odor, preferably menthone, ethyl salicylate, p-anisaldehyde, 2,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethylbenzofuran, epoxy-p-menthene, geranial, (methylbutenyl) -methylfuran, dihydrocarvylacetate , β-cyclocitral, 1,8-cineole, β-phellandrenes. Methylpentanone, (+) - limonene, dihydrocarveol (-) - carvone, (E) -p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, isopulegyl acetate, piperone, 2,3-dehydro-1,8-cineole, α -Terpineol, DL-carvone and / or α-Phellandrene or
- (ff) Nutty odor, preferably 5-methyl- (E) -2-hepten-4-one, γ-heptalactone, 2-acetylpyrrole, 3-octen-2-one, dihydromethylcyclopentapyrazine, acetylthiazole, 2-octenal, 2,4 Heptadienal, 3-octenone, hydroxypentanone, octanol, dimethylpyrazine, methylquinoxaline and / or acetylpyrroline or
- (gg) orange-like odor, preferably methyl octanoate; Undecanone, decyl alcohol, limonene and / or 2-decenal or
- (hh) orange peel-like odor, preferably decanal and / or beta-carene or
- (ii) peach-like odor, preferably γ-nonalactone, (Z) -6-dodecene-γ-lactone, δ-decalactone, R-δ-decenolactone, hexylhexanoate, 5-octanolide, γ-decalactone and / or δ-undecalactone or ( jj) peppermint-like odor, preferably methyl salicylate and / or I-menthol or
- (kk) pine-like odor, preferably α-p-dimethylstyrene, β-pinene, bornyl benzoate, δ-terpinene, dihydroterpinyl acetate and / or α-pinene or
- (II) pineapple-like odor, preferably propyl butyrate, propyl propanoate and / or ethyl acetate or
- (mm) plum-like odor, preferably benzyl butanoate, or
- (nn) raspberry-like odor, preferably β-ionone or
- (oo) Rose-like odor, preferably β-phenethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, geranyl valerate, geranyl acetate, citronellol, geraniol, geranyl butyrate, geranyl isovalerate, citronellyl butyrate, citronellyl acetate, isogeraniol, tetrahydro-4-methyl-2- (2-methyl-1) propenyl) -2,5-cis-2H-pyran, isogeraniol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, citronellyl valerate and / or citronellyl isobutyrate, or
- (pp) spearmint-like odor, preferably carvylacetate and / or carveol, or
- (qq) strawberry-like odor, preferably hexylmethyl butyrate, methyl cinnamate, pentenal, methyl cinnamate or
- (rr) sweet odor, preferably benzyl alcohol, ethyl phenylacetate, tridecanal, nerol, methylhexanoate, linalyl isovalerate, undecanedehyde, caryophyllene oxide, linalyl acetate, safranal, uncinol, phenylethanal, p-anisaldehyde, eudesmol, ethylmethylpyrazine, citronellylbutyrate, 4-methyl-3-pentene-2 -on, nonyl acetate, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, β-bisabolol, (Z) -6-dodecene-γ-lactone, β-farnesene, 2-dodecenal, γ-dodecalactone, epoxy-β-ionone, 2-undecenal , Styrene glycol, methyl furanol, (-) - cis-rose oxide, (E) -β-octenes, dimethylmethoxyfuranone, 1,8-cineols, ethylbenzaldehyde, 2-pentylthiophene, α-farnesene, methionol, 7-methoxycoumarin, (Z) -3 Hexenyl-2-methylbutanoate, o-aminoacetophenone, Viridiflorol, isopiperitones, β-sinensal, ethyl vanillate, methyl butanoate, p-methoxystyrene, 6-methoxyeugenol, 4-hexanolide, δ-dodecalactone, sesquiphellandrene, diethyl malate, linalyl butyrate, guaiacol, coumarin, methyl benzoate, isopropyl benzoate, safroles, durene, γ-butyrolactone, Ethyl isobutyrate and / or furfural or
- (ss) vanilla-like odor, preferably vanillin, methyl vanillate, acetovanillon and / or ethyl vanillate or
- (tt) watermelon-like odor, preferably 2,4-nonadienal or
- (uu) woody odor, preferably α-muurolene, cadina-1,4-dien-3-ol, isocaryophyllene, eudesmol, α-ionone, bornyl butyrate, (E) -α-bergamotene, linalooloxide, ethylpyrazine, 10-epi-γ Eudesmol, α-ionone, bornyl butyrate, (E) -α-bergamotene, linalooloxide, ethylpyrazine, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, germacrene B, trans-sabin hydrate, dihydrolinalool, isodihydrocarveol, β-farnesene, β-sesquiphellandrene, δ- Elemene, α-calacorene, epoxy-β-ionone, germacrene D, bicyclo mermose, alloaromadendrene, α-thujene, oxo-β-ionone, (-) - γ-elemene. γ-muurolens, Sabinene, α-guaienes, o-copenes. γ-cadenines, nerolidol, β-eudesmol, α-cadinol, δ-cadenines, 4,5-dimethoxy-6- (2-propenyl) -1,3-benzodioxole, [1ar- (1aalpha, 4aalpha, 7alpha, 7abeta, 7balpha)] - decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-1H-cycloprop [e] azulen, α-gurdyen, guaiol, α-farnesene, γ-selenene, 4- (1-methylethyl) -benzenemethanol, Perillas, Elemol, α-Humulenes, β-Caryophyllene and / or β-Guaienes or
- (w) mixtures of the aforementioned.
Das Fluid ist vorzugsweise eine im wesentlichen hydrophobe Flüssigkeit. Typische hydrophobe Gruppen sind z.B. langkettige oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoff-Reste. Parfümöle sind in der Regel hydrophobe Flüssigkeiten.The fluid is preferably a substantially hydrophobic liquid. Typical hydrophobic groups are e.g. long-chain or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals. Perfume oils are usually hydrophobic liquids.
Das Fluid kann vorzugsweise flüssige Kosmetikinhaltstoffe, wie z.B. Öle enthalten.The fluid may preferably comprise liquid cosmetic ingredients such as e.g. Oils included.
Bevorzugte Öle können vorteilhafterweise vollsynthetische Öle wie z.B. Siliconöle, pflanzliche und/oder tierische fette Öle (Triglyceride mittlerer oder ungesättigter Fettsäuren) und/oder etherische Öle (z.B. aus Pflanzenteilen) umfassen.Preferred oils may advantageously contain fully synthetic oils such as e.g. Silicone oils, vegetable and / or animal fatty oils (triglycerides of medium or unsaturated fatty acids) and / or essential oils (e.g., from plant parts).
Das Gastgemisch, vorteilhafterweise das Fluid, kann vorzugsweise ein oder mehrere hautpflegende und/oder hautschützende Aktivstoffe enthält.The guest mixture, advantageously the fluid, may preferably contain one or more skin-care and / or skin-protecting active substances.
Hautpflegende Aktivstoffe sind alle solchen Aktivstoffe die der Haut einen sensorischen und/oder kosmetischen Vorteil verleihen. Hautpflegende Aktivstoffe sind bevorzugt ausgewählt aus den nachfolgenden Substanzen:
- a) Wachse wie beispielsweise Carnauba, Spermaceti, Bienenwachs, Lanolin und/oder Derivate derselben und andere.
- b) Hydrophobe Pflanzenextrakte
- c) Kohlenwasserstoffe wie beispielsweise Squalene und/oder Squalane
- d) Höhere Fettsäuren, vorzugsweise solche mit wenigstens 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, beispielsweise Laurinsäure, Stearinsäure, Behensäure, Myristinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Ölsäure, Linolsäure, Linolensäure, Isostearinsäure und/oder mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren und andere.
- e) Höhere Fettalkohole, vorzugsweise solche mit wenigstens 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, beispielsweise Laurylalkohol, Cetylalkohol, Stearylalkohol, Oleylalkohol, Behenylalkohol, Cholesterol und/oder 2-Hexadecanaol und andere.
- f) Ester, vorzugsweise solche wie Cetyloctanoate, Lauryllactate, Myristyllactate, Cetyllactate, Isopropylmyristate, Myristylmyristate, Isopropylpalmitate, Isopropyladipate, Butylstearate, Decyloleate, Cholesterolisostearate, Glycerolmonostearate, Glyceroldistearate, Glyceroltristearate, Alkyllactate, Alkylcitrate und/oder Alkyltartrate und andere.
- g) Lipide wie beispielsweise Cholesterol, Ceramide und/oder Saccharoseester und andere.
- h) Vitamine wie beispielsweise die Vitamine A und E, Vitaminalkylester, einschließlich Vitamin C Alkylester und andere.
- i) Sonnenschutzmittel
- j) Phospholipide
- k) Derivate von alpha-Hydroxysäuren
- l) Riechstoffe
- m) Germizide für den kosmetischen Gebrauch, sowohl synthetische wie beispielsweise Salicylsäure und/oder andere als auch natürliche wie beispielsweise Neemöl und/oder andere.
- n) Silikone
- a) waxes such as carnauba, spermaceti, beeswax, lanolin and / or derivatives thereof and others.
- b) Hydrophobic plant extracts
- c) hydrocarbons such as squalene and / or squalane
- d) Higher fatty acids, preferably those having at least 12 carbon atoms, for example lauric acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, isostearic acid and / or polyunsaturated fatty acids and others.
- e) Higher fatty alcohols, preferably those having at least 12 carbon atoms, for example, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, cholesterol and / or 2-hexadecanol and others.
- f) esters, preferably such as cetyloctanoates, lauryl lactates, myristyl lactates, cetyl lactates, isopropyl myristates, myristyl myristates, isopropyl palmitates, isopropyl adipates, butyl stearates, decyl oleates, cholesterol stearates, glycerol monostearates, glycerol distearates, glycerol tristearates, alkyl lactates, alkyl citrates and / or alkyl tartrates and others.
- g) lipids such as cholesterol, ceramides and / or sucrose esters and others.
- h) vitamins such as vitamins A and E, vitamin C esters, including vitamin C alkyl esters and others.
- i) sunscreen
- j) phospholipids
- k) derivatives of alpha hydroxy acids
- l) fragrances
- m) Germicides for cosmetic use, both synthetic and, for example, salicylic acid and / or others as well as natural ones such as neem oil and / or others.
- n) silicones
Das Gastgemisch, vorteilhafterweise das Fluid, kann vorzugsweise antiseptisch wirksames Öl enthalten, vorzugsweise etherisches Öl, das insbesondere ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe der Angelica fine - Angelica archangelica, Anis - Pimpinella Anisum, Benzoe siam - Styrax tokinensis, Cabreuva - Myrocarpus fastigiatus, Cajeput - Melaleuca leucadendron, Cistrose - Cistrus ladaniferus, Copaiba-Balsam - Copaifera reticulata, Costuswurzel - Saussurea discolor, Edeltannennadel - Abies alba, Elemi - Canarium luzonicum, Fenchel - Foeniculum dulce Fichtennadel - Picea abies, Geranium - Pelargonium graveolens, Ho-Blätter - Cinnamonum camphora, Immortelle (Strohblume) Helichrysum ang., Ingwer extra - Zingiber off., Johanniskraut - Hypericum perforatum, Jojoba, Kamille deutsch - Matricaria recutita, Kamille blau fine - Matricaria chamomilla, Kamille röm. - Anthemis nobilis, Kamille wild- Ormensis multicaulis, Karotte - Daucus carota, Latschenkiefer - Pinus mugho, Lavandin - Lavendula hybrida, Litsea Cubeba - (May Chang), Manuka - Leptospermum scoparium, Melisse - Melissa officinalis, Meerkiefer - Pinus pinaster,, Myrrhe - Commiphora molmol, Myrthe - Myrtus communis, Neem - Azadirachta, Niaouli - (MQV) Melaleuca quin. viridiflora, Palmarosa - Cymbopogom martini, Patchouli - Pogostemon patschuli, Perubalsam - Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae, Raventsara aromatica, Rosenholz - Aniba rosae odora, Salbei - Salvia officinalis Schachtelhalm - Equisetaceae, Schafgarbe extra - Achillea millefolia, Spitzwegerich - Plantago lanceolata, Styrax - Liquidambar orientalis, Tagetes (Ringelblume) Tagetes patula, Teebaum - Melaleuca alternifolia, Tolubalsam - Myroxylon Balsamum L., Virginia-Zeder - Juniperus virginiana, Weihrauch (Olibanum) - Boswellia carteri, Weißtanne - Abies alba.The guest mixture, advantageously the fluid, may preferably contain an antiseptic oil, preferably an essential oil selected in particular from the group of Angelica fine - Angelica archangelica, Anis - Pimpinella anisum, Benzoin siam - Styrax tokinensis, Cabreuva - Myrocarpus fastigiatus, Cajeput - Melaleuca leucadendron, Cistus - Cistrus ladaniferus, Copaiba balm - Copaifera reticulata, Costus root - Saussurea discolor, Edeltann needle - Abies alba, Elemi - Canarium luzonicum, Fennel - Foeniculum dulce Spruce needle - Picea abies, Geranium - Pelargonium graveolens, Ho leaves - Cinnamonum camphora , Immortelle Helichrysum ang., Ginger extra - Zingiber off., St. John's wort - Hypericum perforatum, Jojoba, German chamomile - Matricaria recutita, Chamomile blue fine - Matricaria chamomilla, Chamomile roman - Anthemis nobilis, Chamomile wild - Ormensis multicaulis, Carrot - Daucus carota, Mountain pine - Pinus mugho, Lavandin - Lavendula hybrida, Lits ea Cubeba - (May Chang), Manuka - Leptospermum scoparium, Melissa - Melissa officinalis, Sea pine - Pinus pinaster, Myrrh - Commiphora molmol, Myrtle - Myrtus communis, Neem - Azadirachta, Niaouli - (MQV) Melaleuca quin. viridiflora, Palmarosa - Cymbopogom martini, Patchouli - Pogostemon patchouli, Peru balsam - Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae, Raventsara aromatica, Rosewood - Aniba pink odora, Sage - Salvia officinalis Horsetail - Equisetaceae, yarrow extra - Achillea millefolia, plantain lanceolate - Plantago lanceolata, Styrax - Liquidambar orientalis, Tagetes (Marigold) Tagetes patula, Tea Tree - Melaleuca alternifolia, Tolu Balsam - Myroxylon Balsamum L., Virginia Cedar - Juniperus virginiana, Frankincense (Olibanum) - Boswellia carteri, Silver Fir - Abies alba.
Das Gastgemisch, vorteilhafterweise das Fluid, kann vorzugsweise hautschützende Aktivstoffe, vorteilhafterweise hautschützendes Öl enthalten. Bei dem hautschützenden Stoff handelt es sich vorteilhafterweise um ein hautschützendes Öl, z. B. auch um ein Trägeröl, insbesondere ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Algenöl Oleum Phaeophyceae, Aloe-Vera Öl Aloe vera brasiliana, Aprikosenkernöl Prunus armeniaca, Arnikaöl Arnica montana, Avocadoöl Persea americana, Borretschöl Borago officinalis, Calendulaöl Calendula officinalis, Camelliaöl Camellia oleifera, Distelöl Carthamus tinctorius, Erdnuß-öl Arachis hypogaea, Hanföl Cannabis sativa, Haselnußöl Corylus avellana/, Johanniskrautöl Hypericum perforatum, Jojobaöl Simondsia chinensis, Karottenöl Daucus carota, Kokosöl Cocos nucifera, Kürbiskernöl Curcubita pepo, Kukuinußöl Aleurites moluccana, Macadamianußöl Macadamia ternifolia , Mandelöl Prunus dulcis, Olivenöl Olea europaea, Pfirsichkernöl Prunus persica, Rapsöl Brassica oleifera, Rizinusöl Ricinus communis, Schwarzkümmelöl Nigella sativa, Sesamöl Sesamium indicum, Sonnenblumenöl Helianthus annus, Traubenkernöl Vitis vinifera, Walnußöl Juglans regia, Weizenkeimöl Triticum sativum, wobei von diesen insbesondere das Borretschöl, das Hanföl und das Mandelöl vorteilhaft sind.The guest mixture, advantageously the fluid, may preferably contain skin-protecting active substances, advantageously skin-protecting oil. The skin-protecting substance is advantageously a skin-protecting oil, eg. B. also to a carrier oil, in particular selected from the group algae oil Oleum Phaeophyceae, aloe vera oil aloe vera brasiliana, apricot kernel oil Prunus armeniaca, arnica oil Arnica montana, avocado oil Persea americana, borage oil Borago officinalis, calendula oil Calendula officinalis, camellia oil Camellia oleifera, safflower oil Carthamus tinctorius, peanut oil Arachis hypogaea, hemp oil Cannabis sativa, hazelnut oil Corylus avellana, hypericum perforatum, jojoba oil Simondsia chinensis, caraway oil Daucus carota, coconut oil Cocos nucifera, pumpkin seed oil Curcubita pepo, kukui nut oil Aleurites moluccana, macadamia nut oil Macadamia ternifolia, almond oil Prunus dulcis, olive oil Olea europaea, pear kernel oil Prunus persica, rapeseed oil Brassica oleifera, castor oil Ricinus communis, black seed oil Nigella sativa, sesame seed oil Sesamium indicum, sunflower oil Helianthus annus, grape seed oil Vitis vinifera, walnut oil Juglans regia, wheat germ oil Triticum sativum, where from these are particularly beneficial to borage oil, hemp oil and almond oil.
Das Gastgemisch, vorteilhafterweise das Fluid, kann vorzugsweise Feuchthaltefaktoren beinhalten, beispielsweise solche, die ausgewählt sind aus folgender Gruppe: Aminosäuren, Chitosan oder Chitosansalze/-derivate, Ethylenglycol, Glucosamin, Glycerin, Diglycerin, Triglycerin, Harnsäure, Honig und gehärteter Honig, Kreatinin, Spaltprodukte des Kollagens, Lactitol, Polyole und Polyolderivate (beispielsweise Butylenglycol, Erythrit, Propylenglycol, 1,2,6-Hexantrlol, Polyethylenglycole wie PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-7, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10, PEG-12, PEG-14, PEG-16, PEG-18, PEG-20), Pyrrolidoncarbonsäure Zucker und Zuckerderivate (beispielsweise Fructose, Glucose, Maltose, Maltitol, Mannit, Inosit, Sorbit, Sorbitylsilandiol,-Suerose, Trehalose, Xylose, Xylit, Glucuronsäure und deren Salze), ethoxyliertes Sorbit (Sorbeth-6, Sorbeth-20, Sorbeth-30, Sorbeth-40), gehärtete Stärkehydrolysate sowie Mischungen aus gehärtetem Weizenprotein und PEG-20-Acetatcopolymer, insbesondere Panthenol.The guest mixture, advantageously the fluid, may preferably contain moisturizing factors, for example those selected from the following group: amino acids, chitosan or chitosan salts / derivatives, ethylene glycol, glucosamine, glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, uric acid, honey and hardened honey, creatinine, Cleavage products of collagen, lactitol, polyols and polyol derivatives (for example, butylene glycol, erythritol, propylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexane triol, polyethylene glycols such as PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-7, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10 , PEG-12, PEG-14, PEG-16, PEG-18, PEG-20), pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid, sugar and sugar derivatives (for example, fructose, glucose, maltose, maltitol, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, sorbitylsilanediol, sucrose, trehalose, xylose , Xylitol, glucuronic acid and its salts), ethoxylated sorbitol (sorbeth-6, sorbeth-20, sorbeth-30, sorbeth-40), hardened starch hydrolysates and mixtures of hardened wheat protein and PEG-20 acetate copolymer, in particular panthenol.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Polymersubstrat hydrophob ist.In a preferred embodiment, the polymer substrate is hydrophobic.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform liegt der Längendurchmesser des Fluidspeichers, gemessen an seiner längsten Stelle, zwischen 20 µm und 30 cm. Untergrenzen können auch sein 30µm, 40µm, 50µm, 60µm, 70µm, 80µm, 90µm oder 100 µm oder auch höhere Werte wie z.B. 200µm, 300µm, 400µm, 500µm, 600µm usw.. Obergrenzen können auch sein 20 cm, 15 cm, 10 cm, 5 cm, 3 cm, 1 cm, 0,5 cm, 0,25 cm, 0,1cm oder 0,01 cm oder auch niedrigere Werte, z.B. 0,005 cm usw.According to a further preferred embodiment, the longitudinal diameter of the fluid reservoir, measured at its longest point, between 20 .mu.m and 30 cm. Lower limits may also be 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm or 100μm or higher values such as 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm etc. Upper limits may also be 20cm, 15cm, 10cm , 5 cm, 3 cm, 1 cm, 0.5 cm, 0.25 cm, 0.1 cm or 0.01 cm or even lower values, eg 0.005 cm etc.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Polymersubstrat zumindest teilweise aus Polymeren, welche aus Polyolefinen, Fluorpolymeren, Styrolpolymeren, Copolymeren dieser Polymere und/oder Mischungen vorgenannter Polymere ausgewählt sind, aufgebaut.According to a preferred embodiment, the polymer substrate is at least partially composed of polymers which are selected from polyolefins, fluoropolymers, styrene polymers, copolymers of these polymers and / or mixtures of the abovementioned polymers.
Besonders bevorzugt sind z.B. Polypropylene, Polyethylene etc. Vorzugsweise werden hydrophobe Polymersubstrate eingesetzt. Besonders vorteilhafte Polyethylene sind HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE oder UHMW-PE. Besonders bevorzugt sind auch Poly(4 methyl-1-penten), Poly(1-buten) oder Polyisobuten sowie als Copolymere Ethylen-Propylen-Copolymer oder Ethylen- Vinylacetat-Copolymer. Bevorzugte Fluorpolymere sind beispielsweise Polyvinylidenfluorid und Polyvinylfluorid sowie die Copolymere Poly(tetrafluorethylen-co-hexafluorpropylen), Poly(tetrafluorethyten-co-perfluoralkylvinylether) und Poly(ethylen-co-tetrafluorethylen). Als Styrolpolymere sind Polystyrol sowie Styrol- Acrylnitril-Copolymere, Styrol-Butadien-Copolymere und Acrylnitril-, Butadien-StyrolCopolymere bevorzugt. Besonders bevorzugt sind jedoch Polymersubstrate auf Basis von Polyolefinen und insbesondere auf Basis von Polypropylen oder Polyethylen. Insbesondere vernetzte (Co-)Polymere sind ebenfalls bevorzugt.Particularly preferred are e.g. Polypropylenes, polyethylenes, etc. Preferably, hydrophobic polymer substrates are used. Particularly advantageous polyethylenes are HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE or UHMW-PE. Also particularly preferred are poly (4-methyl-1-pentene), poly (1-butene) or polyisobutene, and as copolymers ethylene-propylene copolymer or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred fluoropolymers are, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl fluoride, and the copolymers poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene), poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether) and poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene). As the styrenic polymers, polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers are preferable. However, polymer substrates based on polyolefins and in particular based on polypropylene or polyethylene are particularly preferred. In particular, crosslinked (co) polymers are also preferred.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das Polymersubstrat vor der Beladung mit dem Gastgemisch eine zumindest teilweise offenporige Struktur mit einem mittleren Porendurchmesser vorzugsweise zwischen 1µm und 300µm auf. Die Untergrenze kann auch bei Werten wie 5µm. 10µm, 15µm, 20µm, 25µm oder 30µm usw. liegen. Die Obergrenze kann auch bei Werten wie z.b. 280µm. 260µm. 240µm oder 220µm liegen.According to a preferred embodiment, prior to loading with the guest mixture, the polymer substrate has an at least partially open-pore structure with an average pore diameter of preferably between 1 μm and 300 μm. The lower limit can also be at values like 5μm. 10 .mu.m, 15 .mu.m, 20 .mu.m, 25 .mu.m or 30 .mu.m and so on. The upper limit can also be used for values such as z. 280μm. 260μm. 240μm or 220μm.
Ein einsetzbares poröses, partikelförmiges Polymersubstrat mit zumindest teilweise offenporiger Struktur kann eine schwammartige zellförmige oder auch eine netzwerkartige oder korallenförmige Mikrostruktur aufweisen. Die Porenstruktur sollte zumindest teilweise offenporig sein, d.h. die im Polymersubstrat vorhandenen Poren müssen zumindest in Teilbereichen der Substratstruktur miteinander in Fluidverbindung stehen, und die Partikel des Polymersubstrats sollten zumindest in Teilbereichen ihrer äußeren Oberfläche offenporig sein. Hierdurch lässt sich eine hinreichende Durchlässigkeit für die Fluide erzielen. Dabei ermöglicht der Einsatz eines partikelförmigen Polymersubstrats mit zumindest teilweise offenporiger Struktur eine großzügige Fluidaufnahme.An insertable, porous, particulate polymer substrate with at least partially open-pore structure may have a sponge-like cellular or even a network-like or coral-shaped microstructure. The pore structure should be at least partially open pore, i. the pores present in the polymer substrate must be in fluid communication with each other at least in partial regions of the substrate structure, and the particles of the polymer substrate should be open-pored at least in partial regions of their outer surface. As a result, a sufficient permeability for the fluids can be achieved. The use of a particulate polymer substrate with at least partially open-pored structure allows a generous fluid absorption.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Polymersubstrat einen mittleren Porendurchmesser im Bereich zwischen 4 und 110µm auf. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein mittlerer Porendurchmesser im Bereich von 5 bis 50 µm. Polymersubstrate mit derartigen bevorzugten Porendurchmessern zeigen eine gute Beladbarkeit.In a preferred embodiment, the polymer substrate used according to the invention has an average pore diameter in the range between 4 and 110 μm. Particularly preferred is a mean pore diameter in the range of 5 to 50 microns. Polymer substrates with such preferred pore diameters show good loadability.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform geht das Gastgemisch bei Temperaturen unterhalb 100°C, vorteilhafterweise unterhalb 90°C, in vorteilhafterer Weise unterhalb 80°C, insbesondere unterhalb 70°C im wesentlichen unzersetzt in einen schmelzflüssigen Zustand über.According to a preferred embodiment, the guest mixture is at temperatures below 100 ° C, advantageously below 90 ° C, more preferably below 80 ° C, especially below 70 ° C substantially undecomposed in a molten state.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht das Gastgemisch zu wenigstens 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zu wenigstens 30 Gew.-%, vorteilhafterweise zu wenigstens 40 Gew.-%, in sehr vorteilhafter Weise zu wenigstens 50 Gew.%, in besonders vorteilhafter Weise zu wenigstens 60 Gew.%, in überaus vorteilhafter Weise zu wenigstens 70 Gew.-%, in äußerst vorteilhafter Weise zu wenigstens 80 Gew.-%, in noch vorteilhafterer Weise zu wenigstens 90 Gew.-%, insbesondere zu wenigstens 95 Gew.-%, in vorteilhaftester Weise jedoch zu 100 Gew.-% aus den Komponenten Fluid sowie Zusatzstoff(e) mit Schmelz oder Fließpunkten im Bereich von 25°C bis 120°C.According to a further preferred embodiment, the guest mixture is at least 20 wt .-%, preferably at least 30 wt .-%, advantageously at least 40 wt .-%, in a very advantageous manner to at least 50 wt.%, In a particularly advantageous manner at least 60% by weight, most advantageously at least 70% by weight, most advantageously at least 80% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, especially at least 95% by weight , but most advantageously to 100 wt .-% of the components fluid and additive (s) with melting or pour points in the range of 25 ° C to 120 ° C.
Nach einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die im Gastgemisch enthaltenen Zusatzstoffe mit Schmelz- oder Fließpunkt im Bereich von 25°C bis 120°C, wenigstens anteilsweise im Fluid löslich, vorzugsweise nahe ihrem jeweiligen Fließpunkt im wesentlichen vollständig im Fluid löslich.According to another preferred embodiment, the additives contained in the guest mixture with melting or pour point in the range of 25 ° C to 120 ° C, at least partially soluble in the fluid, preferably substantially completely soluble in the fluid near their respective pour point.
Nach einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Gastgemisch bei Temperaturen bis ≤ 22°C, vorteilhafterweise bis ≤ 28°C, in sehr vorteilhafter Weise bis ≤ 32°C, in besonders vorteilhafter Weise bis ≤ 38°C, in ganz besonders vorteilhafter Weise bis ≤ 42°C, in weiter vorteilhafter Weise bis ≤ 48°C, in noch weiter vorteilhafter Weise bis ≤ 55°C, in noch vorteilhafterer Weise bis ≤ 60°C hochviskos oder insbesondere fest.According to another preferred embodiment, the guest mixture is at temperatures up to 22 ° C, advantageously up to 28 ° C, very advantageously up to 32 ° C, most preferably up to 38 ° C, most preferably up to ≤ 42 ° C, in a further advantageous manner to ≤ 48 ° C, even more advantageously up to ≤ 55 ° C, even more preferably up to ≤ 60 ° C highly viscous or especially solid.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Fließpunkt der bei erhöhten Temperaturen fließfähigen Zusatzstoffe bzw. des Gemisches dieser Zusatzstoffe größer als 25°C, liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 30 bis 90°C, vorteilhafterweise im Bereich von 35 bis 70°C und insbesondere im Bereich von 40 bis 60°C.According to a further preferred embodiment, the pour point of the flowable at elevated temperatures additives or the mixture of these additives is greater than 25 ° C, preferably in the range of 30 to 90 ° C, advantageously in the range of 35 to 70 ° C and in particular in the range from 40 to 60 ° C.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das Gastgemisch bis zu 90 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 80 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt aber weniger als 70 Gew.%, nämlich vorteilhafterweise 15 bis 65 Gew.-%, in sehr vorteilhafter Weise bis 55 Gew.-%, in noch vorteilhafterer Weise 28 bis 50 Gew.-% an bei erhöhten Temperaturen fließfähigen Zusatzstoffen (also Zusatzstoffe mit Schmelz- oder Fließ punkt im Bereich von 25°C bis 120°C), bezogen auf das gesamte Gastgemisch, mit welchem das Polymersubstrat beladen ist.According to a further preferred embodiment, the guest mixture contains up to 90 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 80 wt .-%, more preferably but less than 70 wt.%, Advantageously 15 to 65 wt .-%, in a very advantageous manner 55 wt .-%, more preferably 28 to 50 wt .-% of flowable at elevated temperatures additives (ie additives with melting or flow point in the range of 25 ° C to 120 ° C), based on the total guest mixture, with which the polymer substrate is loaded.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das Gastgemisch mehr als 5 Gew.% an Fluid(en), vorzugsweise mehr als 10 Gew.%, vorteilhafterweise 15 bis 90 Gew.-%, in sehr vorteilhafter Weise 20 bis 80 Gew.-%, in noch vorteilhafterer Weise 25 bis 75 Gew.%, insbesondere 30 bis 72 Gew.-% an Fluid(en), bezogen auf das gesamte Gastgemisch, mit welchem das Polymersubstrat beladen ist.According to a further preferred embodiment, the guest mixture contains more than 5 wt.% Of fluid (s), preferably more than 10 wt.%, Advantageously 15 to 90 wt .-%, very advantageously 20 to 80 wt .-%, in even more advantageously from 25 to 75% by weight, in particular from 30 to 72% by weight, of fluid (s), based on the total guest mixture, with which the polymer substrate is loaded.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der Fluidspeicher weniger als 25 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise weniger als 15 Gew.-%, vorteilhafterweise weniger als 10 Gew.-%, noch vorteilhafter weniger als 5 Gew.-% an Wasser, bezogen auf den gesamten Fluidspeicher, insbesondere ist er ganz wasserfrei.According to a further preferred embodiment, the fluid reservoir contains less than 25 wt .-%, preferably less than 15 wt .-%, advantageously less than 10 wt .-%, more preferably less than 5 wt .-% of water, based on the total Fluid storage, in particular, it is completely anhydrous.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Zusatzstoffe, welche im Gastgemisch enthalten sind, deren Fließpunkte im Temperaturbereich von 25°C bis 120°C liegen, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Fettalkohole, Fettsäuren, Silikone (Silikonöle), Paraffine, Niotenside, Esterquats, Glyceride von Fettsäuren (natürliche Öle), Wachse, Mono-, Di- oder Triglyceride, Kohlenhydrate und/oder Polyalkylenglykole.According to a further preferred embodiment, the additives which are contained in the guest mixture, whose pour points are in the temperature range of 25 ° C to 120 ° C, selected from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, silicones (silicone oils), paraffins, nonionic surfactants, esterquats, glycerides of fatty acids (natural oils), waxes, mono-, di- or triglycerides, carbohydrates and / or polyalkylene glycols.
Als Kohlenhydrate sind hier z.B. Zucker in vorteilhafterweise einsetzbar, z.B. alpha-D-GlucoseMonohydrat (Schmelzpunkt im Bereich 83-86°C), alpha-D-Galactose-Monohydrat (Schmelzpunkt im Bereich von 118-120°C) oder z.B. Maltose-Monohydrat (Schmelzpunkt im Bereich 102-103°C), um einige Beispiele zu geben. Geeignet sind auch die Derivate, wie beispielsweise Aminozucker, wie z.B. D-Glucosamin (Schmelzpunkt α-Form: 88°C), oder wie beispielsweise Desoxyzucker, wie z.B. Rhamnose-Monohydrat (Schmelzpunkt 92-94°C).As carbohydrates, here are e.g. Sugar can be used advantageously, e.g. alpha-D-glucose monohydrate (melting point in the range 83-86 ° C), alpha-D-galactose monohydrate (melting point in the range of 118-120 ° C) or e.g. Maltose monohydrate (melting point in the range 102-103 ° C), to give some examples. Also suitable are the derivatives, such as amino sugars, e.g. D-glucosamine (melting point α-form: 88 ° C), or such as deoxy sugar, e.g. Rhamnose monohydrate (mp 92-94 ° C).
Geeignete Paraffine können z.B. Octadecan, Nonadecan, Eicosan, Docosan, Tricosan, Tetracosan, Pentacosan, Hexacosan, Heptacosan, Octacosan, Nonacosan oder Triacosan sein, um einige Beispiele zu nennen.Suitable paraffins may e.g. Octadecane, nonadecane, eicosan, docosan, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosan, hexacosan, heptacosan, octacosan, nonacosan or triacosane, to name but a few.
Geeignete Fettalkohole können z.B. 1-Tridecanol, 1-Tetradecanol, 1-Pentadecanol, 1-Hexadecanol, 1-Heptadecanol, 1-Octadecanol, 9-trans-Octadecen-1-ol, 1-Nonadecanol, 1-Eicosanol, 1-Heneicosanol, 1-Docosanol, 13-cis-Docosen-1-ol, 3-trans-Docosen-1-ol sein, um nur einige Beispiele zu nennen. Dazu zählen auch die so genannten Wachsalokohle, also Fettalkohole mit ca. 24-36 Kohlenstoff-Atomen, wie z.B. Triacontanol-1 oder Melissylakohol. Dazu zählen auch ungesättigte Fettalkohole wie z.B. Elaidyalkohol, Erucaalkohol oder Brassidylalkohol. Dazu zählen auch Guerbet-Alkohle, wie z.B. C32H66O oder C36H74O. Dazu zählen auch Alkandiole, wie z.B. Undecandiol-1,11 oder Dodecandiol-1,12.Suitable fatty alcohols may be, for example, 1-tridecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-pentadecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-heptadecanol, 1-octadecanol, 9-trans-octadecen-1-ol, 1-nonadecanol, 1-eicosanol, 1-heneicosanol, 1-docosanol, 13-cis-docosen-1-ol, 3-trans-docosen-1-ol, to name just a few examples. These include the so-called waxy coal, ie fatty alcohols with about 24-36 carbon atoms, such as triacontanol-1 or melissyl alcohol. These include unsaturated fatty alcohols such as Elaidyalkohol, Erucaalkohol or Brassidylalkohol. These include Guerbet alcohols, such as C 32 H 66 O or C 36 H 74 O. These also include alkane diols, such as undecanediol-1,11 or dodecanediol-1,12.
Geeignete Niotenside können z.B. Fettalkoholpolyglycolether sein, wie z.B. C14H29-O-(CH2CH2O)2H, C10H21-O-(CH2CH2O)8H, C12H25-O-(CH2CH2O)6H, C14H29-O-(CH2CH2O)4H, C16H33-O-(CH2CH2O)12H, C18H37-O-(CH2CH2O)4H, um nur einige Beispiele zu nennen.Suitable nonionic surfactants may be, for example, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, for example C 14 H 29 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 2 H, C 10 H 21 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 8 H, C 12 H 25 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 6 H, C 14 H 29 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 4 H, C 16 H 33 -O- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 12 H, C 18 H 37 -O - (CH 2 CH 2 O) 4 H, to name just a few examples.
Geeignete Fettsäuren können z.B. sein Caprinsäure, Undecansäure. Laurinsäure, Tridecansäure, Tetradecansäure, Pentadecansäure, Palmitinsäure, Margarinsäure, Stearinsäure, Nonadecansäure, Arachinsäure, Behensäure, Lignocerinsäure, Cerotinsäure, Crotonsäure, Erucasäure, Elaeostearinsäure oder Melissinsäure, um einige Beispiele zu nennen.Suitable fatty acids may be, for example, capric acid, undecanoic acid. Lauric, tridecanoic, tetradecanoic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, nonadecanoic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, cerotic, crotonic, erucic, elaeostearic or melissic acids, to name but a few.
Geeignet können auch die Ester von Fettsäuren sein, wie z.B. die Methyl- oder Ethylester der Behensäure oder der Arachinsäure, um Beispiele zu nennen.Also suitable may be the esters of fatty acids, e.g. the methyl or ethyl esters of behenic acid or arachidic acid, for example.
Geeignet sind auch Mono-, Di- oder Triglyceride, z.B. die entsprechenden Glyceride der Laurinsäure, der Palmitinsäure oder der Caprinsäure, um einige Beispiele zu nennen.Also suitable are mono-, di- or triglycerides, e.g. the corresponding glycerides of lauric acid, palmitic acid or capric acid, to give a few examples.
Geeignete Wachse können natürliche Wasche, wie z.B. Carnaubawachs, Candelillawachs, Espartowachs, Guarumawachs, Japanwachs, Korkwachs oder Montanwachs sein, ebenso tierische Wasche, wie z.B. Bienenwachs, Wollwachs, Schellackwachs oder Walrat, ebenso synthetische Wachse, wie z.B. Polyalkylenwachse oder Polyethylenglycolwachse, ebenso chemisch modifizierte Wachse, wie z.B. hydrierte Jojobawachse oder Montanesterwachse.Suitable waxes may be natural washes such as e.g. Carnauba wax, candelilla wax, espartowax, guaruma wax, Japan wax, cork wax or montan wax, as well as animal washes, e.g. Beeswax, wool wax, shellac wax or spermaceti, as well as synthetic waxes, e.g. Polyalkylene waxes or polyethylene glycol waxes, as well as chemically modified waxes, e.g. hydrogenated jojoba waxes or montan ester waxes.
Das Gastgemisch kann zusätzlich auch noch weitere Stoffe enthalten, die einen Schmelzpunkt über 120°C haben, z.B. entsprechende Kohlenhydrate, vorteilhafterweise Zucker, z.B. Saccharose (Schmelzpunkt 185-186°C).The guest mixture may additionally contain other substances having a melting point above 120 ° C, e.g. corresponding carbohydrates, advantageously sugars, e.g. Sucrose (mp 185-186 ° C).
Wenn das Gastgemisch weitere Feststoffe, vorzugsweise waschmittelübliche Feststoffe enthält, liegt ebenfalls eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform vor.If the guest mixture contains further solids, preferably customary detergents, there is also a preferred embodiment.
Wenn der Feststoffanteil des Gastgemisches weniger als 50%, vorzugsweise weniger als 30%, vorteilhafterweise weniger als 25%, insbesondere weniger als 15%, in überaus bevorzugter Weise weniger als 10% beträgt, bezogen auf das gesamte Gastgemisch, mit welchem das Polymersubstrat beladen ist, so liegt eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform vor.If the solids content of the guest mixture is less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, advantageously less than 25%, in particular less than 15%, most preferably less than 10%, based on the total guest mixture with which the polymer substrate is loaded , so is another preferred embodiment.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die im Gastgemisch enthaltenen Feststoffe einen d50-Wert von weniger als 0,2 mm, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,1 mm, insbesondere weniger als 0,05 mm auf.According to a preferred embodiment, the solids contained in the guest mixture have a d50 value of less than 0.2 mm, preferably less than 0.1 mm, in particular less than 0.05 mm.
Wenn das Gastgemisch Feststoffe ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Zeolithe, Bentonite, Silikate, Phosphate, Harnstoff und/oder dessen Derivate, Sulfate, Carbonate, Citrate, Citronensäure, Acetate und/oder Salze der Aniontenside enthält, so liegt eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform vor.If the guest mixture solids selected from the group of zeolites, bentonites, silicates, phosphates, urea and / or its derivatives, sulfates, carbonates, citrates, citric acid, acetates and / or salts of anionic surfactants, so is a further preferred embodiment.
Nach einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist der Fluidspeicher eine solche Größe auf, so dass er mit einer menschlichen Händen greifbar ist und zur manuellen Behandlung von Objekten einsetzbar ist. Beispielsweise kann man mit einem Fluidspeicher in Stückform Oberflächen abreiben, z.B. bei der Handwäsche von Textilgut.According to another preferred embodiment, the fluid reservoir has a size such that it can be grasped with a human hand and can be used for the manual treatment of objects. For example, you can rub surfaces with a fluid storage in piece form, for example, in the hand washing of textiles.
Der Fluidspeicher kann jede beliebige Form aufweisen, kann vorzugsweise eher kugelförmig, oval, zylinderförmig, oder körnig sein oder jede andere regelmäßige oder unregelmäßige Form besitzen.The fluid reservoir may be of any shape, preferably spherical, oval, cylindrical, or granular or of any other regular or irregular shape.
Ein Fluidspeicher, welcher wenigstens eine, vorzugsweise zwei oder mehr üblicherweise in Wasch - oder Reinigungsmitteln enthaltene Substanzen enthält, vorzugsweise eine Substanz aus der Gruppe der Tenside, Buildersubstanzen (anorganische und organische Buildersubstanzen), Bleichmittel, Bleichaktivatoren, Bleichstabilisatoren, Bleichkatalysatoren, Enzyme, spezielle Polymere (beispielsweise solche mit Cobuilder-Eigenschaften), Vergrauungsinhibitoren, optische Aufheller, UV-Schutzsubstanzen, Soil Repellents, Elektrolyte, Farbmittel, Riechstoffe, Duftstoffe, Parfümträger, pH-Stellmittel, Komplexbildner, Fluoreszenzmittel, Schauminhibitoren, Knitterschutzmittel, Antioxidantien, quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen, Antistatika, Bügelhilfsmittel, UV-Absorber, Antiredepositionsmittel, Germizide, antimikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Fungizide, Viskositätsregulatoren, Perlglanzgeber, Farbübertragungsinhibitoren, Einlaufverhinderer, Korrosionsinhibitoren, Konservierungsmittel, Weichmacher, Weichspüler. Proteinhydrolysate, Phobier- und Imprägniermittel, Hydrotrope, Silikonöle sowie Quell- und Schiebefestmittel, stellt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung dar.A fluid reservoir which contains at least one, preferably two or more substances normally contained in detergents, preferably a substance from the group of surfactants, builders (inorganic and organic builders), bleaches, bleach activators, bleach stabilizers, bleach catalysts, enzymes, special polymers (eg those with co-builder properties), grayness inhibitors, optical brighteners, UV protectants, soil repellents, electrolytes, colorants, fragrances, fragrances, perfume carriers, pH adjusters, complexing agents, fluorescers, foam inhibitors, anti-wrinkling agents, antioxidants, quaternary ammonium compounds, antistatic agents, Ironing aids, UV absorbers, anti redeposition agents, germicides, antimicrobial agents, fungicides, viscosity regulators, pearlescers, color transfer inhibitors, anti-shrinkage agents, corrosion inhibitors, preservatives, plasticizers, fabric softeners. Protein hydrolysates, repellents and impregnating agents, hydrotropes, silicone oils and swelling and anti-slipping agents constitute a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass vorzugsweise folgende Mengenverhältnisse, jeweils mit Bezug auf den gesamten Fluidspeicher, besonders vorteilhaft sein können:
- Poröses Polymersubstrat: vorzugsweise 40 - 75 Gew. %, insbesondere 40 - 60 Gew.-%
- Fluid im Polymersubstrat: vorzugsweise 1 - 30Gew.-%, insbesondere 20 - 30Gew.%
- bei erhöhten Temperaturen fließfähiger Zusatzstoff: vorzugsweise 1 - 30Gew.%, insbesondere 20 - 30Gew.%
- Porous polymer substrate: preferably 40-75% by weight, especially 40-60% by weight
- Fluid in the polymer substrate: preferably 1 to 30% by weight, in particular 20 to 30% by weight
- at elevated temperatures, flowable additive: preferably 1 to 30% by weight, in particular 20 to 30% by weight
Der erfindungsgemäße Fluidspeicher zeichnet sich vorteilhafterweise dadurch aus, dass Ober das Gastgemisch große Mengen Flüssigkeit, wie z.B. Parfüm, sicher und dauerhaft in dem porösen Polymersubstrat immobilisiert werden können und erst auf externen Reiz hin, wie z.B. Temperaturerhöhung und/oder mechanische Beanspruchung, wieder freigesetzt werden.The fluid reservoir according to the invention is advantageously characterized in that above the guest mixture large quantities of liquid, such as e.g. Perfume, safely and permanently immobilized in the porous polymer substrate and only on external stimulus such. Temperature increase and / or mechanical stress, be released again.
Obwohl auch die äußere, sichtbare Oberfläche des Polymersubstrats vorzugsweise mit dem Gastgemisch belegt sein kann, so dass also vorteilhafterweise auch von einem beschichteten Polymersubstrat gesprochen werden kann, ist es weiterhin nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform möglich, den erfindungsgemäßen Fluidspeicher, also das mit dem Gastgemisch beladene Polymersubstrat, zusätzlich mit einem Coating zu versehen. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Fluidspeicher beschichtet.Although the outer, visible surface of the polymer substrate may preferably be occupied by the guest mixture, so that advantageously also can be spoken of a coated polymer substrate, it is still possible in a preferred embodiment, the fluid reservoir according to the invention, so loaded with the guest mixture polymer substrate , in addition to provide a coating. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fluid reservoir is coated.
Für das Coating können Überzugsmittel verwendet werden. Dies sind Stoffe, welche der Außenoberfläche des zu beschichtenden (zu coatenden) Objektes ein glänzendes Aussehen verleihen und/oder auf der Außenoberfläche einen Überzug (eine Umhüllung) bilden. Als Überzugsmittel können feste und/oder flüssige Stoffe verwendet werden, vorzugsweise solche, welche eine Feuchtigkeitspenetration unterbinden oder verzögern oder Aromaverluste verhindem oder verzögern können.Coating agents can be used for the coating. These are fabrics which give the outer surface of the object to be coated (to be coated) a shiny appearance and / or form a coating (an envelope) on the outer surface. As coating agent, solid and / or liquid substances may be used, preferably those which have a Prevent or delay moisture penetration or prevent or delay flavor loss.
Geeignete Überzugsmittel können wasserlösliche, wasserdispergierbare und/oder wasserunlösliche (Co-)Polymere enthalten. Die Coatingschicht als solche kann wasserlöslich oder wasserunlöslich sein.Suitable coating agents may contain water-soluble, water-dispersible and / or water-insoluble (co) polymers. As such, the coating layer may be water-soluble or water-insoluble.
Wasserlösliche Polymere enthalten eine für die Wasserlöslichkeit ausreichende Anzahl an hydrophilen Gruppen und sind vorteilhafterweise nicht vernetzt sind. Die hydrophilen Gruppen können nichtionisch, anionisch, kationisch oder zwitterionisch sein, z.B. -NH2, -OH, -SH, -O-, -COOH, -COO-M+, -SO3-M+, -PO3 2-M2+, -NH3 +,
Die einzelnen Polymere können gleichzeitig unterschiedliche hydrophile Gruppen enthalten, z.B. ionische und nichtionische und/oder anionionische neben kationischen Gruppen.The individual polymers may simultaneously contain different hydrophilic groups, e.g. ionic and nonionic and / or anionic besides cationic groups.
Bevorzugte wasserlösliche Polymere können z.B. natürliche Polysaccharide und/oder Polypeptide, wie z.B. Stärke, Alginate, Pektine, Pflanzengummen, Caseine, Gelatine usw. sein.Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. natural polysaccharides and / or polypeptides, e.g. Starch, alginates, pectins, vegetable gums, caseins, gelatin, etc.
Bevorzugte wasserlösliche Polymere können z.B. halbsynthetische Polymere, wie z.B. Celluloseether oder Stärkeether sein.Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. semi-synthetic polymers, e.g. Cellulose ether or starch ether.
Bevorzugte wasserlösliche Polymere können z.B. biotechnologisch erzeugte Produkte, wie z.B. Pullulan, Curdlan oder Xanthan sein.Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. biotechnologically produced products, e.g. Pullulan, curdlan or xanthan be.
Bevorzugte wasserlösliche Polymere können z.B. synthetische Polymere, wie z.B. Homo- und/oder Copolymere der (Meth)acrylsäure und ihrer Derivate, der Malein-, Vinylsulfon-, Vinylphosphonsäure, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyethylenimin, Polyvinylpyrrolidon u.a. sein.Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. synthetic polymers, e.g. Homopolymers and / or copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and its derivatives, the maleic, vinylsulfonic, vinylphosphonic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like. be.
Bevorzugte Überzugsmittel enthalten wasserlösliches (Co-)Polymer, insbesondere mit einem Schmelz- oder Erweichungspunkt im Bereich von 48°C bis 300°C, vorteilhafterweise im Bereich von 48°C bis 200°C, in weiter vorteilhafter Weise im Bereich von 48°C bis 200°C.Preferred coating compositions contain water-soluble (co) polymer, in particular with a melting or softening point in the range of 48 ° C to 300 ° C, advantageously in the range of 48 ° C to 200 ° C, more preferably in the range of 48 ° C. up to 200 ° C.
Geeignetes wasserlösliche (Co-)Polymer mit entsprechendem Schmelz- oder Erweichungspunkt kann vorteilhafterweise aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyalkylenglykolen, Polyethylenterephthalaten, Polyvinylalkoholen und Mischungen daraus ausgewählt werden.Suitable water-soluble (co) polymer having a corresponding melting or softening point may advantageously be selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene terephthalates, polyvinyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.
Das Coating kann neben dem eigentlichen Überzugsmittel oder auch unabhängig von diesem weitere Bestandteile umfassen, so z.B. vorteilhafterweise Textil-weichmachende Verbindungen und/oder Parfüm.The coating may comprise, in addition to the actual coating agent or independently thereof, further constituents, for example advantageously textile-softening compounds and / or perfume.
Es ist auch möglich den Fluidspeicher mehrfach zu coaten, beispielsweise indem man den Fluidspeicher zuerst mit einer ersten Beschichtung, z.B. enthaltend eine Textil-weichmachende Verbindung, umgibt, und das resultierende Objekt danach mit einer weiteren Umhüllung, z.B. enthaltend wasserlösliches Polymer und Parfüm, versieht.It is also possible to coate the fluid reservoir several times, for example by first placing the fluid reservoir with a first coating, e.g. comprising a fabric softening compound, and thereafter surrounding the resulting object with another wrapper, e.g. containing water-soluble polymer and perfume.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Beschichtung des Fluidspeichers Lipide und/oder Silikonöle.According to a preferred embodiment, the coating of the fluid reservoir contains lipids and / or silicone oils.
Bevorzugte Lipide sind
- (a) lipophile Kohlenwasserstoffe (wie beispielsweise auch Triacontan, Squalen oder Carotinoide
- (b) lipophile Alkohole (wie beispielsweise Wachsalkohole, Retinol oder Cholesterin usw.),
- (c) Etherlipide
- (d) lipophile Carbonsäuren (Fettsäuren),
- (e) lipophile Ester [wie Neutralfette - d.h. Mono-, Di- u. Triacylglycerine (Triglyceride), Sterinester
- (f) lipophile Amide (wie z.B. Ceramide .),
- (g) Wachse
- (h) Lipide mit mehr als 2 Hydrolyseprodukten, wie z.B. Glykolipide, Phospholipide, Sphingolipide und/oder Glycerolipide
- (i) Lipide in Form höhermolekularer Konjugate mit mehr als 2 Hydrolyseprodukten, wie z.B. Lipoproteinenund/oder Lipopolysaccharide
- (j) Phosphor-freie Glykolipide, wie z.B. Glykosphingolipide (wie vorzugsweiseCerebroside, Ganglioside, Sulfatide) oder wie z.B. Glykoglycerolipide (wie vorzugsweise Glykosyldi- und - monoglyceride)
- (k) Kohlenhydrat-freie Phospholipide, wie z.B. Sphingophospholipide (wie vorzugsweise Sphingomyelinen) oder wie z.B. Glycerophospholipide (wie vorzugsweise Lecithine, Kephaline, Cardiolipine, Phosphatidylinosite und -nositphosphate)
- (I) Mischungen aus Vorgenannten.
- (a) lipophilic hydrocarbons (such as triacontane, squalene or carotenoids
- (b) lipophilic alcohols (such as wax alcohols, retinol or cholesterol, etc.),
- (c) ether lipids
- (d) lipophilic carboxylic acids (fatty acids),
- (e) lipophilic esters [such as neutral fats - ie mono-, di-, and the like. Triacylglycerols (triglycerides), sterol esters
- (f) lipophilic amides (such as ceramides),
- (g) waxes
- (h) lipids with more than 2 hydrolysis products, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and / or glycerolipids
- (i) lipids in the form of higher molecular weight conjugates with more than 2 hydrolysis products, such as lipoproteins and / or lipopolysaccharides
- (j) Phosphorus-free glycolipids such as glycosphingolipids (such as, preferably, cerebrosides, gangliosides, sulfatides) or, for example, glycoglycerolipids (such as, preferably, glycosyl di- and monoglycerides)
- (k) carbohydrate-free phospholipids, such as sphingophospholipids (such as preferably sphingomyelins) or, for example, glycerophospholipids (such as preferably lecithins, cephalins, cardiolipins, phosphatidylinosites and -nositphosphates)
- (I) Mixtures of the foregoing.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die optionale Beschichtung farbige Substanzen bzw. Farbstoffe, Aufheller und/oder Pigmente, vorteilhafterweise im nanoskaligen Bereich oder im Mikrometerbereich, auf, vorzugsweise Weißpigmente, insbesondere ausgewählt aus Titandioxid-Pigmenten, wie insbesondere Anatas-Pigmente und/oder Rutil-Pigmente, Zinksulfid-Pigmenten, Zinkoxid (Zinkweiß), Antimontrioxid (Antimonweiß), basischem Bleicarbonat (Bleiweiß) 2PbCO3 Pb(OH)2, Lithopone ZnS + BaSO4. Vorzugsweise können auch weiße Hilfsstoffe, wie vorzugsweise Calciumcarbonat, Talkum 3MgO · 4SiO2 · H2O und/oder Bariumsulfat enthalten sein.In a further preferred embodiment, the optional coating comprises colored substances or dyes, brighteners and / or pigments, advantageously in the nanoscale range or in the micrometer range, preferably white pigments, in particular selected from titanium dioxide pigments, in particular anatase pigments and / or rutile Pigments, zinc sulfide pigments, zinc oxide (zinc white), antimony trioxide (antimony white), basic lead carbonate (lead white) 2PbCO 3 Pb (OH) 2 , lithopone ZnS + BaSO 4 . Preferably, white auxiliaries, such as preferably calcium carbonate, talc 3MgO · 4SiO 2 · H 2 O and / or barium sulfate may be included.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann es sich bei den Pigmenten, welche vorzugsweise Bestandteile einer optionalen Beschichtung sein können, um
- (a) Buntpigmente (vorzugsweise anorganische Buntpigmente, insbesondere Eisenoxid-Pigmente, Chromat-Pigmente, Eisenblau-Pigmente, Chromoxid-Pigmente, Ultramarin-Pigmente, oxidische Mischphasenpigmente und/oder Bismutvanadat-Pigmente),
- (b) Schwarzpigmente (z.B. Anilinschwarz, Perylenschwarz, Eisenoxid-Pigmente, Manganschwarz und/oder Spinellschwarz),
- (c) Glanzpigmente (vorzugsweise plättchenförmige Effektpigmente, Metalleffektpigmente wie z.B. Aluminium-Pigmente (Silberbronze), Kupfer-Pigmente und Kupfer/Zink-Pigmente (Goldbronzen) und Zink-Pigmente, Perlglanzpigmente, wie z.B. Magnesiumstearat, Zinkstearat, Lithiumstearat oder Ethylenglykoldistearat bzw. Polyethylenterephthalat, Interferenzpigmente wie z.B. Metalloxid-Glimmer-Pigmente) und/oder
- (d) Lumineszenzpigmente wie z.B. Azomethinfluoreszenzgelb, Silber-dotierte und/oder Kupferdotierte Zinksulfid-Pigmente handeln.
- (a) colored pigments (preferably inorganic colored pigments, in particular iron oxide pigments, chromate pigments, iron blue pigments, chromium oxide pigments, ultramarine pigments, mixed oxide phase pigments and / or bismuth vanadate pigments),
- (b) black pigments (eg aniline black, perylene black, iron oxide pigments, manganese black and / or spinel black),
- (c) luster pigments (preferably platelet-shaped effect pigments, metallic effect pigments such as aluminum pigments (silver bronze), copper pigments and copper / zinc pigments (gold bronzes) and zinc pigments, pearlescent pigments such as magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, lithium stearate or ethylene glycol distearate or polyethylene terephthalate , Interference pigments such as metal oxide-mica pigments) and / or
- (d) luminescent pigments such as azomethine fluorescence yellow, silver-doped and / or copper-doped zinc sulfide pigments act.
Die optionale Beschichtung kann vorzugsweise auch folgende Stoffe umfassen:
- (a) Carbonate, wie vorzugsweise Kreide, Kalksteinmehl, Calcit und/oder gefälltes Calciumcarbonat, Dolomit und/oder Bariumcarbonat
- (b) Sulfate, wie vorzugsweise Baryt, Blanc fixe und/oder Calciumsulfate
- (c) Silicate, wie vorzugsweise Talk, Pyrophyllit, Chlorit, Hornblende, Glimmer, Kaolin Wollastonit, Schiefermehl, gefällte Ca-, Al-, Ca-/Al-, Na-/Al-Silicate, Feldspäte und/oder Mullit
- (d) Kieselsäuren, wie vorzugsweise Quarz, Quarzgut, Cristobalit, Kieselgur, Neuburger Kieselerde, gefällte Kieselsäure, pyrogene Kieselsäure, Glasmehl, Bimsmehl, Perlit, Ca-Metasilicate und/oder Fasern aus Schmelzen von Glas, Basalten, Schlacken
- (e) Oxide, wie insbesondere Aluminiumhydroxid und/oder Magnesiumhydroxid
- (f) organische Fasern, wie insbesondere Textil-Fasern, Cellulose-Fasern, Polyethylen-Fasern, Polypropylen-Fasern, Polyamid-Fasern, Polyacrylonitril-Fasern und/oder Polyester-Fasern, vorzugsweise mit Längen im Nanometer bzw. Mikrometerbereich und/oder
- (g) Mehle, wie z.B. Stärkemehle.
- (a) carbonates, such as preferably chalk, limestone, calcite and / or precipitated calcium carbonate, dolomite and / or barium carbonate
- (b) sulphates, such as preferably barite, blanc-fixed and / or calcium sulphates
- (c) silicates, such as preferably talc, pyrophyllite, chlorite, hornblende, mica, kaolin wollastonite, shale meal, precipitated Ca, Al, Ca / Al, Na / Al silicates, feldspars and / or mullite
- (d) silicas such as, preferably, quartz, fused silica, cristobalite, diatomaceous earth, Neuburg Siliceous Earth, precipitated silica, fumed silica, glass flour, pumice, perlite, Ca-metasilicates and / or fibers from melts of glass, basalt, slags
- (E) oxides, in particular aluminum hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide
- (F) organic fibers, such as in particular textile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyamide fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers and / or polyester fibers, preferably with lengths in the nanometer or micrometer range and / or
- (g) flours, such as cornstarch.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die optionale Beschichtung (Coating) der erfindungsgemäßen Fluidspeicher pH- und/oder Temperatur- und/oder lonenstärke-sensitiv bzw. enthält pH- und/oder Temperatur- und/oder lonenstärke-sensitive Materialien.According to a further preferred embodiment, the optional coating of the fluid reservoir according to the invention is pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength-sensitive or contains pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength-sensitive materials.
Dabei ist unter dem Begriff der pH-Sensitivität, Temperatur-Sensitivität und/oder lonenstärke-Sensitivität gemeint, dass die Beschichtung bzw. die die Beschichtung bildenden Materialien bei einer Änderung des pH-Wertes, der Temperatur und/oder der Ionenstärke in dem Milieu, welcher die Beschichtung ausgesetzt ist (z.B. eine Waschflotte),
- (a) eine Änderung (Zunahme oder Abnahme) der Löslichkeit (vorzugsweise in Wasser) erfährt/- erfahren; und/oder
- (b) eine Änderung (Zunahme oder Abnahme) der Diffusionsdichte erfährt/erfahren; und/oder
- (c) eine Änderung (Beschleunigung oder Verlangsamung) der Lösungskinetik erfährt/erfahren; und/oder
- (d) eine Änderung (Zunahme oder Abnahme) der mechanischen Stabilität erfährt/erfahren.
- (a) undergoes a change (increase or decrease) in solubility (preferably in water); and or
- (b) undergoes a change (increase or decrease) in diffusion density; and or
- (c) undergoes a change (acceleration or deceleration) in the solution kinetics; and or
- (d) undergoes a change (increase or decrease) in mechanical stability.
Für die Temperatur-Sensitivität gibt es neben den genannten Optionen (a) bis (d) noch die zusätzliche Option (e), nach der die Beschichtung bzw. die die Beschichtung bildenden Materialien bei einer Änderung der Temperatur eine Änderung des Aggregatzustandes von fest nach flüssig oder umgekehrt erfahren, d.h. die Materialien schmelzen oder erstarren.In addition to the options (a) to (d) mentioned above, the temperature sensitivity also has the additional option (e) according to which the coating or the materials forming the coating change the physical state from solid to liquid when the temperature changes or vice versa, ie the materials melt or solidify.
Als hierfür geeignetes Beschichtungsmaterial können dabei im Sinne der Erfindung alle jene Materialien dienen, deren Integrität eine Funktion der Temperatur und/oder des pH-Wertes und/oder der lonenstärke ist oder auch solche Materialen, die augrund mechanischer Belastung wie sie z.B. im Laufe eines automatischen Wäschewaschprozesses auftreten, ihre Integrität verlieren.For this purpose, suitable coating materials for the purposes of the invention may be all those materials whose integrity is a function of the temperature and / or the pH and / or the ionic strength, or also those materials which are subject to mechanical stress as described e.g. occur during an automatic laundry process, lose their integrity.
Vorteilhafterweise kann die pH-Sensitivität der (optionalen) Beschichtung genutzt werden. Die (optionale) Beschichtung kann z.B. so gestaltet sein, dass sie sich ganz oder teilweise auflöst, wenn der pH-Wert unter eine kritische Marke fällt. Dies kann beim Beispiel eines Waschvorganges dann geschehen, wenn das alkalische Waschwasser aus der Maschine entfernt wird und frisches Wasser in die Maschine eingebracht, vorzugsweise im Spülgang des Waschprozesses. Bei Kontakt mit dem frischen Wasser verlieren die Beschichtung dann ganz oder teilweise ihre Integrität und macht damit das Granulat für das Wasser penetrierbar. Der betreffende pH-Wert, bei dem die Beschichtung ganz oder teilweise desintegriert, kann beliebig eingestellt werden, so daß das Material beispielsweise dann seine Integrität ganz oder teilweise verliert, wenn der pH-Wert z.B. unter 9,0 fällt, aber im wesentlichen inert bleibt, solange der pH-Wert oberhalb 10, 0 liegt.Advantageously, the pH sensitivity of the (optional) coating can be used. The (optional) coating may e.g. be designed so that it dissolves in whole or in part if the pH falls below a critical mark. This can be done in the example of a washing process when the alkaline wash water is removed from the machine and fresh water introduced into the machine, preferably in the rinse cycle of the washing process. On contact with the fresh water, the coating then lose its integrity, in whole or in part, making it possible to penetrate the granules for the water. The pH in question, in which the coating is completely or partially disintegrated, can be adjusted as desired, so that the material, for example, loses all or part of its integrity if the pH value is e.g. below 9.0, but remains substantially inert as long as the pH is above 10.0.
Der Begriff "inert" wird erfindungsgemäß im üblichen Sinn verstanden, also in der Weise, daß ein physikalisches oder chemisches Reagieren des Materials der Beschichtung mit dem Umgebungsmilieu im wesentlichen nicht erfolgt, sondern das Material der Beschichtung physikalisch und chemisch beständig gegenüber diesem ist, so dass das Granulat vor einer Penetration durch das Milieu, z.B. die Waschflotte, im wesentlichen geschützt ist.The term "inert" is understood according to the invention in the usual sense, ie in such a way that a physical or chemical reaction of the material of the coating with the surrounding environment does not occur substantially, but the material of the coating is physically and chemically resistant to this, so that the granules from penetration through the environment, eg the wash liquor is substantially protected.
- (a) Carboxylat-Gruppen enthaltende Polymere (Polycarboxylate), vorzugsweise Homopolymerisate der Acrylsäure und/oder Copolymerisate der Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure,
- (b) Polyethylenglykole, insbesondere solche mit Molmassen < ca. 25000 g/mol, vorzugsweise < ca. 10000 g/mol, vorteilhafterweise < ca. 6000 g/mol, wie beispielsweise PEG 4000,
- (c) (acetalisierte) Polyvinylalkohole,
- (d) (modifizierte) Kohlenhydrate, vorzugsweise Mono-, Oligo- und/oder Polysaccharide, insbesondere Glucose
- (e) Polyvinylpyrrolidone,
- (a) carboxylate-group-containing polymers (polycarboxylates), preferably homopolymers of acrylic acid and / or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid,
- (b) polyethylene glycols, in particular those having molecular weights <about 25,000 g / mol, preferably <about 10,000 g / mol, advantageously <about 6000 g / mol, such as, for example, PEG 4000,
- (c) (acetalated) polyvinyl alcohols,
- (d) (modified) carbohydrates, preferably mono-, oligo- and / or polysaccharides, in particular glucose
- (e) polyvinylpyrrolidones,
"Polyvinylalkohole" (Kurzzeichen PVAL, gelegentlich auch PVOH) ist dabei die Bezeichnung für Polymere der allgemeinen Struktur
[-CH2-CH(OH)-]n
die in geringen Anteilen auch Struktureinheiten des Typs
[-CH2-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-CH2]
enthalten."Polyvinyl alcohols" (abbreviated PVAL, occasionally PVOH) is the name for polymers of the general structure
[-CH 2 -CH (OH) -] n
in small proportions also structural units of the type
[-CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH (OH) -CH 2 ]
contain.
Handelsübliche Polyvinylalkohole, die als weiß-gelbliche Pulver oder Granulate mit Polymerisationsgraden im Bereich von ca. 100 bis 2500 (Molmassen von ca. 4000 bis 100 000 g/mol) angeboten werden, haben Hydrolysegrade von 98-99 bzw. 87-89Mol-%, enthalten also noch einen Restgehalt an Acetyl-Gruppen. Charakterisiert werden die Polyvinylalkohole von Seiten der Hersteller durch Angabe des Polymerisationsgrades des Ausgangspolymeren, des Hydrolysegrades, der Verseifungszahl bzw. der Lösungsviskosität.Commercially available polyvinyl alcohols, which are available as white-yellowish powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range of about 100 to 2500 (molar masses of about 4000 to 100 000 g / mol) have degrees of hydrolysis of 98-99 or 87-89 mol%. , so still contain a residual content of acetyl groups. The polyvinyl alcohols are characterized by the manufacturer by indicating the degree of polymerization of the starting polymer, the degree of hydrolysis, the saponification number or the solution viscosity.
Polyvinylalkohole sind abhängig vom Hydrolysegrad löslich in Wasser und wenigen stark polaren organischen Lösungsmitteln (Formamid, Dimethylformamid, Dimethylsulfoxid); von (chlorierten) Kohlenwasserstoffen, Estern, Fetten und Ölen werden sie nicht angegriffen. Polyvinylalkohole werden als toxikologisch unbedenklich eingestuft und sind biologisch zumindest teilweise abbaubar. Die Wasserlöslichkeit kann man durch Nachbehandlung mit Aldehyden (Acetalisierung), durch Komplexierung mit Ni- oder Cu-Salzen oder durch Behandlung mit Dichromaten, Borsäure od. Borax verringern. Die Beschichtungen aus Polyvinylalkohol sind weitgehend undurchdringlich für Gase wie Sauerstoff, Stickstoff, Helium, Wasserstoff, Kohlendioxid, lassen jedoch Wasserdampf hindurchtreten.Depending on the degree of hydrolysis, polyvinyl alcohols are soluble in water and a few highly polar organic solvents (formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide); They are not attacked by (chlorinated) hydrocarbons, esters, fats and oils. Polyvinyl alcohols are classified as toxicologically safe and are biologically at least partially degradable. The water solubility can be reduced by aftertreatment with aldehydes (acetalization), by complexation with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid or borax. The coatings of polyvinyl alcohol are largely impermeable to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor to pass through.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden Coatings bevorzugt, welche wenigstens anteilsweise einen Polyvinylalkohol umfassen, dessen Hydrolysegrad vorteilhafterweise 70 bis 100 Mol-%, vorzugsweise 80 bis 90 Mol-%, besonders bevorzugt 81 bis 89 Mol-% und insbesondere 82 bis 88 Mol-% beträgt. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht das eingesetzte Folienmaterial zu mindestens 20 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zu mindestens 40 Gew.%, ganz besonders bevorzugt zu mindestens 60 Gew.-% und insbesondere zu mindestens 80 Gew.-% aus einem Polyvinylalkohol, dessen Hydrolysegrad 70 bis 100 Mol-%, vorzugsweise 80 bis 90 Mol-%, besonders bevorzugt 81 bis 89 Mol-% und insbesondere 82 bis 88 Mol-% beträgt. Vorzugsweise besteht das gesamte Coating zu mindestens 20 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zu mindestens 40 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt zu mindestens 60 Gew.-% und insbesondere zu mindestens 80 Gew.-% aus einem Polyvinylalkohol, dessen Hydrolysegrad 70 bis 100 Mol%, vorzugsweise 80 bis 90 Mol-%, besonders bevorzugt 81 bis 89 Mol-% und insbesondere 82 bis 88 Mol% beträgt.In the context of the present invention, preference is given to coatings which at least partially comprise a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis is advantageously from 70 to 100 mol%, preferably from 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably from 81 to 89 mol% and in particular from 82 to 88 mol% is. In a preferred embodiment, the film material used comprises at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, very preferably at least 60% by weight and in particular at least 80% by weight, of a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and in particular 82 to 88 mol%. Preferably, the entire coating is at least 20 wt .-%, more preferably at least 40th Wt .-%, most preferably at least 60 wt .-% and in particular at least 80 wt .-% of a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol % and in particular 82 to 88 mol%.
Vorzugsweise werden als Coatingmaterialien Polyvinylalkohole eines bestimmten Molekulargewichtsbereichs eingesetzt, wobei erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt ist, dass das Folienmaterial einen Polyvinylalkohol umfasst, dessen Molekulargewicht im Bereich von 10.000 bis 100.000 gmol-1, vorzugsweise von 11.000 bis 90.000 gmol-1, besonders bevorzugt von 12.000 bis 80.000 gmol-1 und insbesondere von 13.000 bis 70.000 gmol-1 liegt.Polyvinyl alcohols of a certain molecular weight range are preferably used as coating materials, it being preferred according to the invention that the film material comprises a polyvinyl alcohol whose molecular weight is in the range from 10,000 to 100,000 gmol -1 , preferably from 11,000 to 90,000 gmol -1 , particularly preferably from 12,000 to 80,000 gmol -1 and in particular from 13,000 to 70,000 gmol -1 .
Die vorstehend beschriebenen Polyvinylalkohole sind kommerziell breit verfügbar, beispielsweise unter dem Warenzeichen Mowiol® (Clariant). Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung besonders geeignete Polyvinylalkohole sind beispielsweise Mowiol® 3-83, Mowiol® 4-88, Mowiol® 5-88, Mowiol® 8-88 sowie L648, L734, Mowiflex LPTC 221 ex KSE sowie die Compounds der Firma Texas. Polymers wie beispielsweise Vinex 2034.The polyvinyl alcohols described above are widely available commercially, for example under the trade name Mowiol ® (Clariant). In the present invention, particularly suitable polyvinyl alcohols are, for example, Mowiol ® 3-83, Mowiol ® 4-88, Mowiol ® 5-88, Mowiol ® 8-88 and L648, L734, Mowiflex LPTC 221 ex KSE as well as the compounds of Texas. Polymers such as Vinex 2034.
Weitere als Coatingmaterial besonders geeignete Polyvinylalkohole sind der nachstehenden Tabelle zu entnehmen:
Weitere als Coatingmaterial geeignete Polyvinylalkohole sind ELVANOL® 51-05, 52-22, 50-42, 85-82, 75-15, T-25, T-66, 90-50 (Warenzeichen der Du Pont), ALCOTEX® 72.5, 78, B72, F80/40, F88/4, F88/26, F88/40, F88/47 (Warenzeichen der Harlow Chemical Co.), Gonozoïde® NK-05, A-300, AH-22, C-500, GH-20, GL-03, GM-14L, KA-20, KA-500, KH-20, KP-06, N-300, NH-26, NM11Q, KZ-06 (Warenzeichen der Nippon Gohsei K.K.). Auch geeignet sind ERKOL-Typen von Wacker.Other suitable as coating materials are polyvinyl alcohols ® ELVANOL 51-05, 52-22, 50-42, 85-82, 75-15, T-25, T-66, 90-50 (trademark of Du Pont), ALCOTEX 72.5 ®, 78, B72, F80 / 40, F88 / 4, F88 / 26, F88 / 40, F88 / 47 (trademark of Harlow Chemical Co.), ® Gonozoïde NK-05, A-300, AH-22, C-500, GH-20, GL-03, GM-14L, KA-20, KA-500, KH-20, KP-06, N-300, NH-26, NM11Q, KZ-06 (Trademark of Nippon Gohsei KK). Also suitable are ERKOL types from Wacker.
Die Wasserlöslichkeit von PVAL kann durch Nachbehandlung mit Aldehyden (Acetalisierung) oder Ketonen (Ketalisierung) verändert werden. Als besonders bevorzugt und aufgrund ihrer ausgesprochen guten Kaltwasserlöslichkeit besonders vorteilhaft haben sich hierbei Polyvinylalkohole herausgestellt, die mit den Aldehyd bzw. Ketogruppen von Sacchariden oder Polysacchariden oder Mischungen hiervon acetalisiert bzw. ketalisiert werden. Als äußerst vorteilhaft einzusetzen sind die Reaktionsprodukte aus PVAL und Stärke.The water solubility of PVAL can be altered by post-treatment with aldehydes (acetalization) or ketones (ketalization). Polyvinyl alcohols which are acetalated or ketalized with the aldehyde or keto groups of saccharides or polysaccharides or mixtures thereof have proven to be particularly advantageous and particularly advantageous on account of their pronounced cold water solubility. To use extremely advantageous are the reaction products of PVAL and starch.
Weiterhin lässt sich die Wasserlöslichkeit durch Komplexierung mit Ni- oder Cu-Salzen oder durch Behandlung mit Dichromaten, Borsäure, Borax verändern und so gezielt auf gewünschte Werte einstellen. Folien aus PVAL sind weitgehend undurchdringlich für Gase wie Sauerstoff, Stickstoff, Helium, Wasserstoff, Kohlendioxid, lassen jedoch Wasserdampf hindurchtreten.Furthermore, the water solubility can be changed by complexing with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid, borax and thus set specifically to desired values. Films made of PVAL are largely impermeable to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor to pass through.
Weitere bevorzugte Coatingmaterialien sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Polyvinylpyrrolidone umfassen. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, kurz als PVP bezeichnet, lassen sich durch die folgende allgemeine Formel beschreiben:
PVP werden durch radikalische Polymerisation von 1-Vinylpyrrolidon hergestellt. Handelsübliche PVP haben Molmassen im Bereich von vorzugsweise ca. 2.500 bis 750.000 g/mol und werden als weiße, hygroskopische Pulver oder als wässrige Lösungen angeboten.PVP are prepared by radical polymerization of 1-vinylpyrrolidone. Commercially available PVP have molecular weights in the range of preferably about 2,500 to 750,000 g / mol and are offered as white, hygroscopic powders or as aqueous solutions.
Weitere bevorzugte Coatingmaterialien sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Polyethylenoxide umfassen. Polyethylenoxide, kurz PEOX, sind Polyalkylenglykole der allgemeinen Formel
H-[O-CH2-CH2]n-OH
die technisch durch basisch katalysierte Polyaddition von Ethylenoxid (Oxiran) in meist geringe Mengen Wasser enthaltenden Systemen mit Ethylenglykol als Startmolekül hergestellt werden. Sie haben Molmassen im Bereich von ca. 200 bis 5.000.000 g/mol, entsprechend Polymerisationsgraden n von ca. 5 bis >100.000. Polyethylenoxide besitzen eine äußerst niedrige Konzentration an reaktiven Hydroxy-Endgruppen und zeigen nur noch schwache Glykol-Eigenschaften.Other preferred coating materials are characterized by comprising polyethylene oxides. Polyethylene oxides, PEOX for short, are polyalkylene glycols of the general formula
H- [O-CH 2 -CH 2 ] n -OH
the technically by alkaline-catalyzed polyaddition of ethylene oxide (oxirane) in mostly small amounts of water-containing systems are prepared with ethylene glycol as the starting molecule. They have molar masses in the range of about 200 to 5,000,000 g / mol, corresponding to degrees of polymerization n of about 5 to> 100,000. Polyethylene oxides have an extremely low concentration of reactive hydroxy end groups and show only weak glycol properties.
Weitere bevorzugte Coatingmaterialien sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Gelatine umfassen. Gelatine ist ein Polypeptid (Molmasse: ca. 15.000 bis >250.000 g/mol), das vornehmlich durch Hydrolyse des in Haut und Knochen von Tieren enthaltenen Kollagens unter sauren oder alkalischen Bedingungen gewonnen wird. Die Aminosäuren-Zusammensetzung der Gelatine entspricht weitgehend der des Kollagens, aus dem sie gewonnen wurde, und variiert in Abhängigkeit von dessen Provenienz.Other preferred coating materials are characterized by comprising gelatin. Gelatin is a polypeptide (molecular weight: about 15,000 to> 250,000 g / mol), which is obtained primarily by hydrolysis of the collagen contained in the skin and bones of animals under acidic or alkaline conditions. The amino acid composition of gelatin is broadly similar to that of the collagen from which it was obtained and varies depending on its provenance.
Bevorzugt sind im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung weiterhin Coatingmaterialien, welche ein Polymer aus der Gruppe Stärke und Stärkederivate, Cellulose und Cellulosederivate, insbesondere Methylcellulose und Mischungen hieraus umfassen.In the context of the present invention, coating materials which comprise a polymer from the group starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular methyl cellulose, and mixtures thereof are also preferred.
Stärke ist ein Homoglykan, wobei die Glucose-Einheiten α-glykosidisch verknüpft sind. Stärke ist aus zwei Komponenten unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichts aufgebaut: aus ca. 20 bis 30% geradkettiger Amylose (MG. ca. 50.000 bis 150.000) und 70 bis 80% verzweigtkettigem Amylopektin (MG. ca. 300.000 bis 2.000.000). Daneben sind noch geringe Mengen Lipide, Phosphorsäure und Kationen enthalten. Während die Amylose infolge der Bindung in 1,4-Stellung lange, schraubenförmige, verschlungene Ketten mit etwa 300 bis 1.200 Glucose-Molekülen bildet, verzweigt sich die Kette beim Amylopektin nach durchschnittlich 25 Glucose-Bausteinen durch 1,6-Bindung zu einem astähnlichen Gebilde mit etwa 1.500 bis 12.000 Molekülen Glucose. Neben reiner Stärke sind zur Herstellung wasserlöslicher Umhüllungen im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung auch Stärke-Derivate geeignet, die durch polymeranaloge Reaktionen aus Stärke erhältlich sind. Solche chemisch modifizierten Stärken umfassen dabei beispielsweise Produkte aus Veresterungen bzw. Veretherungen, in denen Hydroxy-Wasserstoffatome substituiert wurden. Aber auch Stärken, in denen die Hydroxy-Gruppen gegen funktionelle Gruppen, die nicht über ein Sauerstoffatom gebunden sind, ersetzt wurden, lassen sich als Stärke-Derivate einsetzen. In die Gruppe der Stärke-Derivate fallen beispielsweise Alkalistärken, Carboxymethylstärke (CMS), Stärkeester und -ether sowie Aminostärken.Starch is a homoglycan, wherein the glucose units are linked α-glycosidically. Starch is composed of two components of different molecular weight: from about 20 to 30% straight chain amylose (MW about 50,000 to 150,000) and 70 to 80% branched chain amylopectin (MW about 300,000 to 2,000,000). In addition, small amounts of lipids, phosphoric acid and cations are still included. While the amylose forms long, helical, entangled chains with about 300 to 1,200 glucose molecules as a result of the binding in the 1,4-position, the chain branched in amylopectin after an average of 25 glucose building blocks by 1,6-bonding to a branch-like structure with about 1,500 to 12,000 molecules of glucose. In addition to pure starch, starch derivatives which are obtainable from starch by polymer-analogous reactions are also suitable for the preparation of water-soluble coatings in the context of the present invention. Such chemically modified starches include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. But even starches in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups that are not bound by an oxygen atom, can be used as starch derivatives. The group of starch derivatives includes, for example, alkali starches, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), starch esters and ethers, and amino starches.
Reine Cellulose: weist die formale Bruttozusammensetzung (C6H10O5)n auf und stellt formal betrachtet ein β-1,4-Polyacetal von Cellobiose dar, die ihrerseits aus zwei Molekülen Glucose aufgebaut ist. Geeignete Cellulosen bestehen dabei aus ca. 500 bis 5.000 Glucose-Einheiten und haben demzufolge durchschnittliche Molmassen von 50.000 bis 500.000. Als Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis verwendbar sind im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung auch Cellulose-Derivate, die durch polymeranaloge Reaktionen aus Cellulose erhältlich sind. Solche chemisch modifizierten Cellulosen umfassen dabei beispielsweise Produkte aus Veresterungen bzw. Veretherungen, in denen Hydroxy-Wasserstoffatome substituiert wurden. Aber auch Cellulosen, in denen die Hydroxy-Gruppen gegen funktionelle Gruppen, die nicht über ein Sauerstoffatom gebunden sind, ersetzt wurden, lassen sich als Cellulose-Derivate einsetzen. In die Gruppe der Cellulose-Derivate fallen beispielsweise Alkalicellulosen, Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Celluloseester und -ether sowie Aminocellulosen.Pure cellulose: has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and is formally a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is composed of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5,000 glucose units and therefore have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrating agents which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives obtainable by polymer-analogous reactions of cellulose. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. Celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bonded via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali metal celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand vorliegender. Erfindung liegt in einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Fluidspeichers, wobei man ein Gemisch aus Zusatzstoff(en), welches bei T≤ 20°C hochviskos oder fest ist, und Fluid(en) durch Erwärmen in einen flüssigen Zustand bringt, und dieses fließfähige Gemisch mit einem porösen Polymersubstrat vermengt und anschließend erkalten lässt.Another subject of this. The invention resides in a process for producing a fluid reservoir according to the invention, wherein a mixture of additive (s) which is highly viscous or solid at T≤20 ° C and fluid (s) by heating in a liquid state, and this flowable mixture mixed with a porous polymer substrate and then allowed to cool.
Auf diese Weise lässt sich das zugängliche Porensystem des Polymersubstrates bei Bedarf voll beladen und die Poren werden vorzugsweise bei der Beladung durch das Erkalten auch versiegelt.In this way, the accessible pore system of the polymer substrate can be fully loaded if necessary and the pores are preferably also sealed when charged by cooling.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Fluidspeichers wobei
- a) ein oder mehrere gewöhnliche Fluide bei Temperaturen von 20 bis 22°C unter Rühren mit Zusatzstoff(en), die einen Fließpunkt im Bereich von 20°C bis 100°C aufweisen, vermischt werden, und anschließend
- b) das Gemisch auf Temperaturen im Bereich des Fließpunktes der Zusatzstoffe, vorzugsweise oberhalb des Fließbereichs, erwärmt werden, so dass ein fließfähiges Gemisch resultiert, und anschließend
- c) unter Beibehaltung der erhöhten Temperatur gegebenenfalls weitere Zusatzstoffe, insbesondere waschmittelübliche Zusatzstoffe, vorteilhafterweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Zeolithe, Bentonite, Silikate, Phosphate, Harnstoff und/oder dessen Derivate, Sulfate, Carbonate, Citrate, Citronensäure, Acetate und/oder Salze der Aniontenside, einsuspendiert werden, wobei die Fließfähigkeit des Gemisches erhalten bleibt, und anschließend
- d) die fließfähige Mischung mit einem porösen Polymersubstrat bei Temperaturen von 25°-150°C vermengt wird, und man schließlich,
- e) das resultierende Gemisch erkalten lässt,
- a) one or more common fluids are mixed at temperatures of 20 to 22 ° C with stirring with additive (s) having a pour point in the range of 20 ° C to 100 ° C, and then
- b) the mixture is heated to temperatures in the region of the pour point of the additives, preferably above the flow range, so that a flowable mixture results, and subsequently
- c) while maintaining the elevated temperature optionally further additives, in particular detergent additives, advantageously selected from the group of zeolites, bentonites, silicates, phosphates, urea and / or its derivatives, sulfates, carbonates, citrates, citric acid, acetates and / or salts of Anionic surfactants, whereby the flowability of the mixture is maintained, and subsequently
- d) the flowable mixture is mixed with a porous polymer substrate at temperatures of 25 ° -150 ° C, and finally,
- e) allowing the resulting mixture to cool,
Wenn das Polymer vor der Vermengung mit dem fließfähigen Gemisch auf eine Temperatur von 25°-150°C vortemperiert wird, so liegt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform vor.If the polymer is pre-tempered before mixing with the flowable mixture to a temperature of 25 ° -150 ° C, so is a preferred embodiment.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das Erkalten lassen des Gemisches durch Kältezufuhr beschleunigt.In a preferred embodiment, the cooling of the mixture is accelerated by supply of cold.
Gemäss einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist es auch möglich, die Komponenten eines erfindungsgemäßen Gastgemisches, umfassend insbesondere Riechstoffe, sowie das poröse, partikelförmige Polymersubstrat sowie ggf. weitere Zusatzstoffe in flüssigem Kohlendioxid (CO2) aufzunehmen, dort (weiter) zu vermengen und anschliessend das flüssige Kohlendioxid zu entfernen, beispielsweise durch eine einfache Druckminderung im System, so daß eine Verdampfung erfolgen kann. Bei einer gezielten Verlangsamung der Expansion des Kohlendioxids lassen sich besonders vorteilhafte Fluidspeicher erzeugen. Vorteilhafterweise kann mit flüssigem Kohlendioxid in einem Druckbereich von 20 bar bis 70 bar bei 20°C gearbeitet werden. Ebenso kann das Kohlendioxid auch bei anderen Druckbereichen und Temperaturbereichen eingesetzt werden, solange es unter diesen Bedingungen flüssig ist.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to take the components of a guest mixture according to the invention, comprising in particular fragrances, and the porous, particulate polymer substrate and optionally further additives in liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), (further) to mix and then to remove the liquid carbon dioxide, for example by a simple pressure reduction in the system, so that evaporation can take place. In a targeted slowdown in the expansion of carbon dioxide can produce particularly advantageous fluid storage. Advantageously, it is possible to work with liquid carbon dioxide in a pressure range from 20 bar to 70 bar at 20 ° C. Likewise, the carbon dioxide can be used in other pressure ranges and temperature ranges, as long as it is liquid under these conditions.
Ein überaus bevorzugter Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel, enthaltend erfindungsgemäße Fluidspeicher, und ebenso ein Kosmetikum enthaltend erfindungsgemäße Fluidspeicher.A highly preferred object of the present invention are detergents or cleaners containing fluid reservoirs according to the invention and also a cosmetic containing fluid reservoirs according to the invention.
Die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Fluidspeicher zur Raum-, Fahrzeug- oder Schrankbeduftung, insbesondere in Form von Duftsteinen und/oder Duftsäckchen ist ebenfalls ein weiterer bevorzugter Gegenstand der Erfindung.The use of the fluid reservoir according to the invention for room, vehicle or cabinet scenting, in particular in the form of scented stones and / or scented sachets, is likewise a further preferred subject matter of the invention.
Die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Fluidspeicher zur Beduftung von Gegenständen, vorzugsweise von Waschmitteln, Wasch- und Reinigungsmaschinen, trockener Wäsche und Verpackungen ist ebenfalls ein weiterer bevorzugter Gegenstand der Erfindung.The use of the fluid reservoir according to the invention for scenting articles, preferably detergents, washing and cleaning machines, dry laundry and packaging is likewise a further preferred subject matter of the invention.
Die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Fluidspeicher zur Beduftung von Textilien während des, vorzugsweise maschinellen, Wasch- oder Trockungsprozesses ist ebenfalls ein weiterer bevorzugter Gegenstand der Erfindung.The use of the fluid reservoir according to the invention for the scenting of textiles during the, preferably mechanical, washing or drying process is likewise a further preferred subject matter of the invention.
Die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Fluidspeicher zur direkten manuellen Behandlung von Objekten, vorzugsweise zum Abreiben der Objekte, insbesondere bei der Handwäsche von Objekten ist ebenfalls ein weiterer bevorzugter Gegenstand der Erfindung.The use of the fluid reservoirs according to the invention for the direct manual treatment of objects, preferably for rubbing off the objects, in particular in the handwashing of objects, is likewise a further preferred subject matter of the invention.
Beispielsweise können Fluidspeicher bevorzugt sein, welche Inhaltsstoffe von Handgeschirrspülmitteln umfassen, z.B. ausgewählt aus
- (a) Tensiden, wie beispielsweise Alkansulfonate, Alkylethersulfate, Alkylpolyglucoside und/oder Cocoamidopropyl-Betain, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur Benetzung von Spülgut und Schmutz, Ablösen von Fett und anderen Verunreinigungen,
- (b) (organische) Säuren, wie beispielsweise Citronensäure, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur pH-Werteinstellung und zur Beeinflussung des Ablaufverhaltens,
- (c) Hydrotrope, wie z.B. Cumolsulfonat, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur Vermeidung von Phasentrennung,
- (d) Rückfetter, wie z.B. Fettsäureamide, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur Rückfettung der Haut,
- (e) Pflegekomponenten, wie z.B. Aloe vera-Extrakte, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur Pflege der Haut,
- (f) Riechstoffe (Parfüm),
- (g) Farbstoffe,
- (h) Antibakterielle Wirkstoffe, wie z.B. Natriumbenzoat oder Natriumsalicylat, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur Keimminderung,
- (i) Konservierungsmittel.
- (a) surfactants, such as, for example, alkanesulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl polyglucosides and / or cocoamidopropyl betaine, advantageously suitable for wetting ware and dirt, detaching grease and other impurities,
- (b) (organic) acids, such as citric acid, advantageously suitable for pH adjustment and for influencing the flow behavior,
- (c) hydrotropes, such as cumene sulphonate, advantageously suitable for preventing phase separation,
- (d) refatting agents, such as, for example, fatty acid amides, advantageously suitable for moisturizing the skin,
- (e) care components, such as aloe vera extracts, advantageously suitable for the care of the skin,
- (f) fragrances (perfume),
- (g) dyes,
- (h) antibacterial agents, such as, for example, sodium benzoate or sodium salicylate, advantageously suitable for the purpose of reducing the germs,
- (i) preservatives.
Beispielsweise können Fluidspeicher bevorzugt sein, welche Inhaltsstoffe von maschinellen Geschirrspülmitteln umfassen, z.B. ausgewählt aus folgenden:
- Phosphate, wie z.B. Pentanatriumtriphosphat, Phosphonate, Citrate, wie z.B. Natriumcitrat, Natrium-Polycarboxylate, Natriummetasilicat, Soda, Natriumhydrogencarbonat, Natriumdisilicat, Aktivchlor, Natriumperborat, Bleichaktivator, wie z.B. TAED, Enzyme, wie Protease und Amylase, (schaumarme) nichtionische Tenside, Silber-/Glasschutz, Duftsstoffe.
- Phosphates such as pentasodium triphosphate, phosphonates, citrates such as sodium citrate, sodium polycarboxylates, sodium metasilicate, soda, sodium bicarbonate, sodium disilicate, Active chlorine, sodium perborate, bleach activator such as TAED, enzymes such as protease and amylase, (low-foaming) nonionic surfactants, silver / glass protection, scents.
Beispielsweise können Fluidspeicher bevorzugt sein, welche Inhaltsstoffe von Textilwaschmitteln umfassen, z.B. ausgewählt aus folgenden:
- Aniontenside, wie z.B.vorzugsweise Alkylbenzolsulfonat und/oder Alkylsulfat, nichtionische Tenside, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Fettalkoholpolyglycolether, Alkylpolyglucosid und/oder Fettsäureglucamid, Gerüststoffe, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Zeolith, Polycarboxylat und/oder Natriumcitrat, Alkalien, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Natriumcarbonat, Alkohole, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Ethanol und/oder Glycerol, Bleichmittel, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Natriumperborat und/oder Natriumpercarbonat, Korrosionsinhibitoren, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Natriumsilicat, Stabilisatoren, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Phosphonate, Schauminhibitor, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Seife, Siliconöle und/oder Paraffine, Enzyme, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Proteasen, Amylasen, Cellulasen und/oder Lipasen, Vergrauungsinhibitor, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Carboxymethylcellulose, Verfärbungsinhibitor wie z.B. vorzugsweise Polyvinylpyrrolidon-Derivate, Stellmittel wie z.B. vorzugsweise Natriumsulfat, Riechstoffe, optische Aufheller, wie z.B. vorzugsweise Stilben-Derivat und/oder Biphenyl-Derivat, Wasser.
- Anionic surfactants such as, for example, alkylbenzenesulfonate and / or alkylsulfate, nonionic surfactants such as preferably fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylpolyglucoside and / or fatty acid glucamide, builders such as preferably zeolite, polycarboxylate and / or sodium citrate, alkalis such as, preferably, sodium carbonate, alcohols such as, preferably, ethanol and / or glycerol, bleaching agents, such as preferably sodium perborate and / or sodium percarbonate, corrosion inhibitors, such as preferably sodium silicate, stabilizers, such as preferably phosphonates, foam inhibitors, such as preferably soap, silicone oils and / or paraffins, enzymes, such as preferably proteases, Amylases, cellulases and / or lipases, grayness inhibitor, such as preferably carboxymethylcellulose, discoloration inhibitor such as preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone derivatives, adjusting agents such as preferably sodium sulfate, fragrances, optical brighteners, such as preferably stilbene derivative and / or biphenyl derivative , Water.
Beispielsweise können Fluidspeicher bevorzugt sein, welche Inhaltsstoffe von Allzweckreinigern umfassen, z.B. ausgewählt aus folgenden:
- Tenside, wie z.B. Alkansulfonate, Alkylbenzolsulfonate, Alkylpolyglucoside, Fettalkoholpolyglycolethersulfate, Fettalkoholpolyglycolether, Gerüststoffe, wie z.B. Trinatriumcitrat, Natriumsalz der Nitrilotriessigsäure, Natriumphosphonat, Pentanatriumtriphosphat, Lösemittel und Hydrotrope (Lösevermittler), wie z.B. Ethanol, Propylenglycolether, Natriumtoluol- oder - cumolsulfonat, Riechstoffe, Farbstoffe, Konservierungsmittel. Saure Allzweckreiniger enthalten Säuren, wie vorzugsweise Essigsäure, Citronensäure oder Maleinsäure. (Schwach) alkalisch eingestellte Allzweckreiniger enthalten Alkalien, wie vorzugsweise Natronlauge oder Soda.
- Surfactants, for example alkanesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylpolyglucosides, fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, builders such as trisodium citrate, sodium nitrilotriacetic acid, sodium phosphonate, pentasodium triphosphate, solvents and hydrotropes, such as ethanol, propylene glycol ether, sodium toluene or cumene sulfonate, fragrances, dyes , Preservative. Acid all-purpose cleaners contain acids, such as preferably acetic, citric or maleic acid. (Weak) alkaline all-purpose cleaners contain alkalis, preferably caustic soda or soda.
Die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Fluidspeicher als Klostein ist ebenfalls ein weiterer bevorzugter Gegenstand der Erfindung. Ein erfindungsgemäßer Klostein, z.B. zum Einhängen in das WC-Becken oder den Spülkasten, kann geringe Mengen an Säure, Tensid und/oder Duftstoff abgeben und dadurch das Ansetzen von Verschmutzungen verlangsamen.The use of the fluid reservoir according to the invention as a cloister is likewise a further preferred subject matter of the invention. An inventive cloister, e.g. for hanging in the toilet bowl or cistern, can deliver small amounts of acid, surfactant and / or perfume, thereby slowing down the application of soiling.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Erzeugnis, wie vorzugsweise Haushaltsschwamm, Lappen oder Tuch, bei welchem zumindest eine Fläche des Erzeugnisses mit dem Fluidspeicher haftfest belegt ist. Z.B. ist ein Scheuerschwamm vorteilhaft, dessen Scheuerseite mit dem Fluidspeicher belegt ist. Bei der manuellen Anwendung wird infolge der mechanischen Beanspruchung Fluid aus dem Speicher freigesetzt, im Falle von Parfüm wird also ein Wohlgeruch erzeugt.Another object of the invention is a product, such as preferably household sponge, cloth or cloth, in which at least one surface of the product is firmly adhering to the fluid reservoir. For example, a scouring pad is advantageous, the scouring side is occupied by the fluid reservoir. During manual application, fluid is released from the reservoir due to the mechanical stress, so in the case of perfume, a fragrance is generated.
Wie bereits beschrieben wurde, ist ein Fluidspeicher, welcher wenigstens eine, vorzugsweise zwei oder mehr üblicherweise in Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln enthaltene Substanzen enthält, eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung dar. Ferner stellt ein Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel, enthaltend erfindungsgemäße Fluidspeicher einen überaus bevorzugten Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung dar. Deshalb werden im folgenden Inhaltsstoffe von Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln näher beschrieben, welche vorteilhafterweise in dem Fluidspeicher enthalten sein können oder welche in einem Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel enthalten sein können, welches erfindungsgemäße Fluidspeicher enthält.As has already been described, a fluid reservoir which contains at least one, preferably two or more substances normally contained in detergents or cleaning agents, is a preferred embodiment of the invention. Furthermore, a washing or cleaning agent containing fluid reservoirs according to the invention is a highly preferred article of the invention Therefore, the following ingredients of detergents or cleaning agents are described in more detail, which may be advantageously contained in the fluid reservoir or which may be contained in a detergent or cleaning agent, which contains fluid reservoir according to the invention.
Zu diesen Inhaltsstoffen gehören die Gerüststoffe. Zu den Gerüststoffe zählen insbesondere die Zeolithe, Silikate, Carbonate, organische Cobuilder und -wo keine ökologischen Vorurteile gegen ihren Einsatz bestehen- auch die Phosphate.These ingredients include the builders. The builders include, in particular, the zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and, where there are no ecological prejudices against their use, also the phosphates.
Der einsetzbare feinkristalline, synthetische und gebundenes Wasser enthaltende Zeolith ist vorzugsweise Zeolith A und/oder P. Als Zeolith P wird Zeolith MAP® (Handelsprodukt der Firma Crosfield) besonders bevorzugt.The usable finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably zeolite A and / or P. As zeolite P zeolite MAP ® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung kann es bevorzugt sein, dass Silikat(e), vorzugsweise Alkalisilikate, besonders bevorzugt kristalline oder amorphe Alkalidisilikate, in Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln in Mengen von 10 bis 60 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 15 bis 50 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 20 bis 40 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht des Wasch - oder Reinigungsmittels, enthalten sind.In the context of the present invention, it may be preferred for silicate (s), preferably alkali metal silicates, particularly preferably crystalline or amorphous alkali disilicates, to be present in detergents or cleaners in amounts of from 10 to 60% by weight, preferably from 15 to 50% by weight. % and in particular from 20 to 40 wt .-%, in each case based on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent, are included.
Selbstverständlich ist auch ein Einsatz der allgemein bekannten Phosphate als Buildersubstanzen möglich, sofern ein derartiger Einsatz nicht aus ökologischen Gründen vermieden werden sollte. Dies gilt insbesondere für den Einsatz erfindungsgemäßer Mittel als (maschinelle) Geschirrspülmittel. Unter der Vielzahl der kommerziell erhältlichen Phosphate haben die Alkalimetallphosphate unter besonderer Bevorzugung von Pentanatrium- bzw. Pentakaliumtriphosphat (Natrium- bzw. Kaliumtripolyphosphat) in der Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel-Industrie die größte Bedeutung.Of course, a use of the well-known phosphates as builders is possible, unless such use should not be avoided for environmental reasons. This applies in particular to the use of agents according to the invention as (automatic) dishwashing detergents. Among the large number of commercially available phosphates, the alkali metal phosphates have, with particular preference of pentasodium or Pentakaliumtriphosphat (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate) in the detergents and cleaning agents industry the greatest importance.
Diese sind erfindungsgemäß genau wie Natriumtripolyphosphat, Kaliumtripolyphosphat oder Mischun-gen aus diesen beiden einsetzbar; auch Mischungen aus Natriumtripolyphosphat und Natriumkaliumtripolyphosphat oder Mischungen aus Kaliumtripolyphosphat und Natriumkaliumtripolyphosphat oder Gemische aus Natriumtripolyphosphat und Kaliumtripolyphosphat und Natriumkaliumtripolyphosphat sind erfindungsgemäß einsetzbar.These are used according to the invention exactly as sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of these two; Mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate can also be used according to the invention.
Werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung Phosphate als wasch- oder reinigungsaktive Substanzen in Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln eingesetzt, so enthalten bevorzugte Mittel diese(s) Phosphat(e), vorzugsweise Alkalimetallphosphat(e), besonders bevorzugt Pentanatrium- bzw. Pentakaliumtriphosphat (Natrium- bzw. Kaliumtripolyphosphat), in Mengen von 5 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 15 bis 75 Gew.-% uns insbesondere von 20 bis 70 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht des Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittels.If phosphates are used as detergents or cleaning agents in the context of the present application, preferred agents comprise these phosphate (s), preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), particularly preferably pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or pentasodium) Potassium tripolyphosphate), in amounts of from 5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 15 to 75% by weight, in particular from 20 to 70% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent.
Bevorzugt ist es insbesondere Kaliumtripolyphosphat und Natriumtripolyphosphat in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von mehr als 1:1, vorzugsweise mehr als 2:1, bevorzugt mehr als 5:1, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 10:1 und insbesondere mehr als 20:1 einzusetzen. Besonders bevorzugt ist es, ausschließlich Kaliumtripolyphosphat ohne Beimischungen anderer Phosphate einzusetzen.It is preferred in particular to use potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate in a weight ratio of more than 1: 1, preferably more than 2: 1, preferably more than 5: 1, more preferably more than 10: 1 and in particular more than 20: 1. It is particularly preferred to use exclusively potassium tripolyphosphate without admixtures of other phosphates.
Weitere Gerüststoffe sind die Alkaliträger. Als Alkaliträger gelten beispielsweise Alkalimetallhydroxide, Alkalimetallcarbonate, Alkalimetallhydrogencarbonate, Alkalimetallsesquicarbonate, die genannten Alkalisilikate, Alkalimetasilikate, und Mischungen der vorgenannten Stoffe, wobei im Sinne dieser Erfindung bevorzugt die Alkalicarbonate, insbesondere Natriumcarbonat, Natriumhydrogencarbonat oder Natriumsesquicarbonat eingesetzt werden. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Buildersystem enthaltend eine Mischung aus Tripolyphosphat und Natriumcarbonat. Ebenfalls besonders bevorzugt ist ein Buildersystem enthaltend eine Mischung aus Tripolyphosphat und Natriumcarbonat und Natriumdisilikat.Further builders are the alkali carriers. Suitable alkali carriers are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, the alkali silicates, alkali metal silicates and mixtures of the abovementioned substances, preference being given to using alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate for the purposes of this invention. Particularly preferred is a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate. Also particularly preferred is a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate.
Aufgrund ihrer im Vergleich mit anderen Buildersubstanzen geringen chemischen Kompatibilität mit den übrigen Inhaltsstoffen von Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln, werden die Alkalimetallhydroxide, wenn überhaupt, bevorzugt nur in geringen Mengen, vorzugsweise in Mengen unterhalb 10 Gew.-%, bevorzugt unterhalb 6 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt unterhalb 4 Gew.-% und insbesondere unterhalb 2 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittels, eingesetzt. Besonders bevorzugt werden Mittel, welche bezogen auf ihr Gesamtgewicht weniger als 0,5 Gew.-% und insbesondere keine Alkalimetallhydroxide enthalten.Because of their low chemical compatibility with the other ingredients of detergents or cleaners in comparison with other builders, the alkali metal hydroxides are, if at all, preferably only in small amounts, preferably in amounts below 10 wt .-%, preferably below 6 wt .-%. , Particularly preferably below 4 wt .-% and in particular below 2 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning agent used. Particularly preferred are agents which, based on their total weight, contain less than 0.5% by weight and in particular no alkali metal hydroxides.
Besonders bevorzugt kann der Einsatz von Carbonat(en) und/oder Hydrogencarbonat(en), vorzugsweise Alkalicarbonat(en), besonders bevorzugt Natriumcarbonat, in Mengen von 2 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 5 bis 40 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 7,5 bis 30 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht des Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittels sein. Besonders bevorzugt können Mittel sein, welche bezogen auf das Gewicht des Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittels weniger als 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise weniger als 17 Gew.-%, bevorzugt weniger als 13 Gew.-% und insbesondere weniger als 9 Gew.-% Carbonat(e) und/oder Hydrogencarbonat(e), vorzugsweise Alkalicarbonat(e), besonders bevorzugt Natriumcarbonat enthalten.Particularly preferred may be the use of carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonate (s), more preferably sodium carbonate, in amounts of 2 to 50 wt .-%, preferably from 5 to 40 wt .-% and in particular from 7.5 to 30% by weight, respectively be based on the weight of the detergent or cleaning agent. Particularly preferred may be agents which, based on the weight of the washing or cleaning agent, less than 20 wt .-%, preferably less than 17 wt .-%, preferably less than 13 wt .-% and in particular less than 9 wt .-% Carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonate (s), particularly preferably sodium carbonate.
Als organische Cobuilder sind insbesondere Polycarboxylate/Polycarbonsäuren, polymere Polycarboxylate, Asparaginsäure, Polyacetale, Dextrine, weitere organische Cobuilder (siehe unten) sowie Phosphonate zu nennen. Diese Stoffklassen werden nachfolgend beschrieben.Particularly suitable organic co-builders are polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.
Brauchbare organische Gerüstsubstanzen sind beispielsweise die in Form ihrer Natriumsalze einsetzbaren Polycarbonsäuren, wobei unter Polycarbonsäuren solche Carbonsäuren verstanden werden, die mehr als eine Säurefunktion tragen. Beispielsweise sind dies Citronensäure, Adipinsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Äpfelsäure, Weinsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure, Zuckersäuren, Aminocarbonsäuren, Nitrilotriessigsäure (NTA), sofern ein derartiger Einsatz aus ökologischen Gründen nicht zu beanstanden ist, sowie Mischungen aus diesen. Bevorzugte Salze sind die Salze der Polycarbonsäuren wie Citronensäure, Adipinsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Weinsäure, Zuckersäuren und Mischungen aus diesen.Useful organic builder substances are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof.
Auch die Säuren an sich können eingesetzt werden. Die Säuren besitzen neben ihrer Builderwirkung typischerweise auch die Eigenschaft einer Säuerungskomponente und dienen somit auch zur Einstellung eines niedrigeren und milderen pH-Wertes von Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln. Insbesondere sind hierbei Citronensäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Gluconsäure und beliebige Mischungen aus diesen zu nennen.The acids themselves can also be used. In addition to their builder action, the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.
Als Gerüststoffe sind weiter polymere Polycarboxylate geeignet, dies sind beispielsweise die Alkalimetallsalze der Polyacrylsäure oder der Polymethacrylsäure, beispielsweise solche mit einer relativen Molekülmasse von 500 bis 70000 g/mol.Further suitable builders are polymeric polycarboxylates, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or of polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of from 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
Bei den für polymere Polycarboxylate angegebenen Molmassen handelt es sich im Sinne dieser Schrift um gewichtsmittlere Molmassen Mw der jeweiligen Säureform, die grundsätzlich mittels Gelpermeationschromatographie (GPC) bestimmt wurden, wobei ein UV-Detektor eingesetzt wurde. Die Messung erfolgte dabei gegen einen externen Polyacrylsäure-Standard, der aufgrund seiner strukturellen Verwandtschaft mit den untersuchten Polymeren realistische Molgewichtswerte liefert. Diese Angaben weichen deutlich von den Molgewichtsangaben ab, bei denen Polystyrolsulfonsäuren als Standard eingesetzt werden. Die gegen Polystyrolsulfonsäuren gemessenen Molmassen sind in der Regel deutlich höher als die in dieser Schrift angegebenen Molmassen.For the purposes of this document, the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.
Geeignete Polymere sind insbesondere Polyacrylate, die bevorzugt eine Molekülmasse von 2000 bis 20000 g/mol aufweisen. Aufgrund ihrer überlegenen Löslichkeit können aus dieser Gruppe wiederum die kurzkettigen Polyacrylate, die Molmassen von 2000 bis 10000 g/mol, und besonders bevorzugt von 3000 bis 5000 g/mol, aufweisen, bevorzugt sein.Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.
Geeignet sind weiterhin copolymere Polycarboxylate, insbesondere solche der Acrylsäure mit Methacrylsäure und der Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure mit Maleinsäure. Als besonders geeignet haben sich Copolymere der Acrylsäure mit Maleinsäure erwiesen, die 50 bis 90 Gew.-% Acrylsäure und 50 bis 10 Gew.-% Maleinsäure enthalten. Ihre relative Molekülmasse, bezogen auf freie Säuren, beträgt im allgemeinen 2000 bis 70000 g/mol, vorzugsweise 20000 bis 50000 g/mol und insbesondere 30000 bis 40000 g/mol.Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable. Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular from 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
Die (co-)polymeren Polycarboxylate können entweder als Pulver oder als wäßrige Lösung eingesetzt werden. Der Gehalt von Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln an optionalen (co-)polymeren Polycarboxylaten beträgt vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere 3 bis 10 Gew.-%.The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution. The content of detergents or cleaning agents on optional (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular from 3 to 10% by weight.
Zur Verbesserung der Wasserlöslichkeit können die Polymere auch Allylsulfonsäuren, wie beispielweise Allyloxybenzolsulfonsäure und Methallylsulfonsäure, als Monomer enthalten.To improve the solubility in water, the polymers may also contain allylsulfonic acids, such as, for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as monomer.
Insbesondere bevorzugt sind auch biologisch abbaubare Polymere aus mehr als zwei verschiedenen Monomereinheiten, beispielsweise solche, die als Monomere Salze der Acrylsäure und der Maleinsäure sowie Vinylalkohol bzw. Vinylalkohol-Derivate oder die als Monomere Salze der Acrylsäure und der 2-Alkylallylsulfonsäure sowie Zucker-Derivate enthalten.Also particularly preferred are biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units, for example those which contain as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives ,
Weitere bevorzugte Copolymere sind solche, die als Monomere vorzugsweise Acrolein und Acrylsäure/Acrylsäuresalze bzw. Acrolein und Vinylacetat aufweisen.Further preferred copolymers are those which preferably have as monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.
Ebenso sind als weitere bevorzugte Buildersubstanzen polymere Aminodicarbonsäuren, deren Salze oder deren Vorläufersubstanzen zu nennen. Besonders bevorzugt sind Polyasparaginsäuren bzw. deren Salze.Also to be mentioned as further preferred builders polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursors. Particular preference is given to polyaspartic acids or their salts.
Weitere geeignete Buildersubstanzen sind Polyacetale, welche durch Umsetzung von Dialdehyden mit Polyolcarbonsäuren, welche 5 bis 7 C-Atome und mindestens 3 Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen, erhalten werden können. Bevorzugte Polyacetale werden aus Dialdehyden wie Glyoxal, Glutaraldehyd, Tere-phthalaldehyd sowie deren Gemischen und aus Polyolcarbonsäuren wie Gluconsäure und/oder Glucoheptonsäure erhalten.Further suitable builder substances are polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalic aldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
Weitere geeignete organische Buildersubstanzen sind Dextrine, beispielsweise Oligomere bzw. Polymere von Kohlenhydraten, die durch partielle Hydrolyse von Stärken erhalten werden können. Zur Gruppe der Tenside werden die nichtionischen, die anionischen, die kationischen und die amphoteren Tenside gezählt.Further suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches. The group of surfactants includes nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants.
Als nichtionische Tenside können alle dem Fachmann bekannten nichtionischen Tenside eingesetzt werden. Als bevorzugte nichtionische Tenside können z.B. schwachschäumende nichtionische Tenside eingesetzt werden. Mit besonderem Vorzug enthalten die Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel nichtionische Tenside aus der Gruppe der alkoxylierten Alkohole. Als nichtionische Tenside werden vorzugsweise alkoxylierte, vorteilhafterweise ethoxylierte, insbesondere primäre Alkohole mit vorzugsweise 8 bis 18 C-Atomen und durchschnittlich 1 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol eingesetzt, in denen der Alkoholrest linear oder bevorzugt in 2-Stellung methylverzweigt sein kann bzw. lineare und methylverzweigte Reste im Gemisch enthalten kann, so wie sie üblicherweise in Oxoalkoholresten vorliegen. Insbesondere sind jedoch Alkoholethoxylate mit linearen Resten aus Alkoholen nativen Ursprungs mit 12 bis 18 C-Atomen, z.B. aus Kokos-, Palm-, Talgfett- oder Oleylalkohol, und durchschnittlich 2 bis 8 Mol EO pro Mol Alkohol bevorzugt. Zu den bevorzugten ethoxylierten Alkoholen gehören beispielsweise C12-14-Alkohole mit 3 EO oder 4 EO, C9-11-Alkohol mit 7 EO, C13-15-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO oder 8 EO, C12-18-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO oder 7 EO und Mischungen aus diesen, wie Mischungen aus C12-14-Alkohol mit 3 EO und C12-18-Alkohol mit 5 EO. Die angegebenen Ethoxylierungsgrade stellen statistische Mittelwerte dar, die für ein spezielles Produkt einer ganzen oder einer gebrochenen Zahl entsprechen können. Bevorzugte Alkoholethoxylate weisen eine eingeengte Homologenverteilung auf (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). Zusätzlich zu diesen nichtionischen Tensiden können auch Fettalkohole mit mehr als 12 EO eingesetzt werden. Beispiele hierfür sind Talgfettalkohol mit 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO oder 40 EO.As nonionic surfactants, it is possible to use all nonionic surfactants known to the person skilled in the art. As preferred nonionic surfactants, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants can be used. With particular preference, the detergents or cleaners contain nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols. As nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) used per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 moles of EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO. The stated degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which may correspond to a particular product of an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
Außerdem können als nichtionische Tenside auch Alkylglykoside der allgemeinen Formel RO(G)x eingesetzt werden, in der R einem primären geradkettigen oder methylverzweigten, insbesondere in 2-Stellung methylverzweigten aliphatischen Rest mit 8 bis 22, vorzugsweise 12 bis 18 C-Atomen entspricht und G das Symbol ist, das für eine Glykoseeinheit mit 5 oder 6 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise für Glucose, steht. Der Oligomerisierungsgrad x, der die Verteilung von Monoglykosiden und Oligoglykosiden angibt, ist eine beliebige Zahl zwischen 1 und 10; vorzugsweise liegt x bei 1,2 bis 1,4.In addition, as nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially methyl-branched in the 2-position aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G the symbol is that which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.
Eine weitere Klasse bevorzugt einsetzbarer nichtionischer Tenside, die entweder als alleiniges nichtionisches Tensid oder in Kombination mit anderen nichtionischen Tensiden eingesetzt werden können, sind alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder ethoxylierte und propoxylierte Fettsäurealkylester, vorugsweise mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Alkylkette.Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants which can be used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
Auch nichtionische Tenside vom Typ der Aminoxide, beispielsweise N-Kokosalkyl-N,N-dimethylaminoxid und N-Talgalkyl-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminoxid, und der Fettsäurealkanolamide können geeignet sein. Die Menge dieser nichtionischen Tenside beträgt vorzugsweise nicht mehr als die der ethoxylierten Fettalkohole, insbesondere nicht mehr als die Hälfte davon. verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht. Bei den Polyhydroxyfettsäureamiden handelt es sich um bekannte Stoffe, die üblicherweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines reduzierenden Zuckers mit Ammoniak, einem Alkylamin oder einem Alkanolamin und nachfolgende Acylierung mit einer Fettsäure, einem Fettsäutealkylester oder einem Fettsäurechlorid erhalten werden können.Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof. branched polyhydroxyalkyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
Zur Gruppe der Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide gehören auch Verbindungen der Formel
[Z] wird vorzugsweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines reduzierten Zuckers erhalten, beispielsweise Glucose, Fructose, Maltose, Lactose, Galactose, Mannose oder Xylose. Die N-Alkoxy- oder N-Aryl-oxy-substituierten Verbindungen können durch Umsetzung mit Fettsäuremethylestern in Gegenwart eines Alkoxids als Katalysator in die gewünschten Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide überführt werden.[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryl-oxy-substituted compounds can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
Mit besonderem Vorzug sind weiterhin Tenside einsetzbar, welche ein oder mehrere Talgfettalkohole mit 20 bis 30 EO in Kombination mit einem Silikonentschäumer enthalten.Surfactants containing one or more tallow fatty alcohols containing from 20 to 30 EO in combination with a silicone defoamer can furthermore be used with particular preference.
Niotenside aus der Gruppe der alkoxylierten Alkohole, besonders bevorzugt aus der Gruppe der gemischt alkoxylierten Alkohole und insbesondere aus der Gruppe der EO-AO-EO-Niotenside, werden ebenfalls mit besonderem Vorzug eingesetzt.Nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols, more preferably from the group of mixed alkoxylated alcohols and in particular from the group of EO-AO-EO-Niotenside, are also used with particular preference.
Insbesondere bevorzugt sind nichtionische Tenside, die einen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb Raumtemperatur aufweisen. Nichtionische(s) Tensid(e) mit einem Schmelzpunkt oberhalb von 20°C, vorzugsweise oberhalb von 25°C, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 25 und 60°C und insbesondere zwischen 26,6 und 43,3°C, ist/sind besonders bevorzugt.Particular preference is given to nonionic surfactants which have a melting point above room temperature. Nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ° C, preferably above 25 ° C, more preferably between 25 and 60 ° C and especially between 26.6 and 43.3 ° C, is / are particularly preferred ,
Geeignete nichtionische Tenside, die Schmelz- bzw. Erweichungspunkte im genannten Temperaturbereich aufweisen, sind beispielsweise schwachschäumende nichtionische Tenside, die bei Raumtemperatur fest oder hochviskos sein können. Werden Niotenside eingesetzt, die bei Raumtemperatur hochviskos sind, so ist bevorzugt, dass diese eine Viskosität oberhalb von 20 Pa·s, vorzugsweise oberhalb von 35 Pa·s und insbesondere oberhalb 40 Pa·s aufweisen. Auch Niotenside, die bei Raumtemperatur wachsartige Konsistenz besitzen, sind bevorzugt.Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. Are nonionic surfactants used in the Room temperature are highly viscous, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pa · s, preferably above 35 Pa · s and in particular above 40 Pa · s. Nonionic surfactants which have waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.
Bevorzugt einzusetzende Tenside, die bei Raumtemperatur fest sind, stammen aus den Gruppen der alkoxylierten Niotenside, insbesondere der ethoxylierten primären Alkohole und Mischungen dieser Tenside mit strukturell komplizierter aufgebauten Tensiden wie Polyoxypropylen/Polyoxyethylen/Poly-oxypropylen ((PO/EO/PO)-Tenside). Solche (PO/EO/PO)-Niotenside zeichnen sich darüber hinaus durch gute Schaumkontrolle aus.Preferably used surfactants which are solid at room temperature, come from the groups of alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / poly-oxypropylene ((PO / EO / PO) surfactants ). Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist das nichtionische Tensid mit einem Schmelzpunkt oberhalb Raumtemperatur ein ethoxyliertes Niotensid, das aus der Reaktion von einem Monohydroxyalkanol oder Alkylphenol mit 6 bis 20 C-Atomen mit vorzugsweise mindestens 12 Mol, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 15 Mol, insbesondere mindestens 20 Mol Ethylenoxid pro Mol Alkohol bzw. Alkylphenol hervorgegangen ist.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nonionic surfactant having a melting point above room temperature is an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consisting of the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably at least 12 mol, more preferably at least 15 mol, especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol emerged.
Ein besonders bevorzugtes, bei Raumtemperatur festes Niotensid wird aus einem geradkettigen Fettalkohol mit 16 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen (C16-20-Alkohol), vorzugsweise einem C18-Alkohol und mindestens 12 Mol, vorzugsweise mindestens 15 Mol und insbesondere mindestens 20 Mol Ethylenoxid gewonnen. Hierunter sind die sogenannten "narrow range ethoxylates" (siehe oben) besonders bevorzugt.A particularly preferred room temperature solid nonionic surfactant is obtained from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16-20 alcohol), preferably a C 18 alcohol and at least 12 moles, preferably at least 15 moles and especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide. Of these, the so-called "narrow range ethoxylates" (see above) are particularly preferred.
Mit besonderem Vorzug können ethoxylierte Niotenside, die aus C6-20-Monohydroxyalkanolen oder C6-20-Alkylphenolen oder C16-20-Fettalkoholen und mehr als 12 Mol, vorzugsweise mehr als 15 Mol und insbesondere mehr als 20 Mol Ethylenoxid pro Mol Alkohol gewonnen wurden, eingesetzt werden.With particular preference may ethoxylated nonionic surfactants consisting of C 6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6-20 alkylphenols or C 16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and especially more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol were used.
Das bei Raumtemperatur feste Niotensid besitzt vorzugsweise zusätzlich Propylenoxideinheiten im Molekül. Vorzugsweise machen solche PO-Einheiten bis zu 25 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 20 Gew.-% und insbesondere bis zu 15 Gew.-% der gesamten Molmasse des nichtionischen Tensids aus. Besonders bevorzugte nichtionische Tenside sind ethoxylierte Monohydroxyalkanole oder Alkylphenole, die zusätzlich Polyoxyethylen-Polyoxypropylen Blockcopolymereinheiten aufweisen. Der Alkohol- bzw. Alkylphenolteil solcher Niotensidmoleküle macht dabei vorzugsweise mehr als 30 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 50 Gew.-% und insbesondere mehr als 70 Gew.-% der gesamten Molmasse solcher Niotenside aus. Bevorzugte Mittel sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ethoxylierte und propoxylierte Niotenside enthalten, bei denen die Propylenoxideinheiten im Molekül bis zu 25 Gew.-%, bevorzugt bis zu 20 Gew.-% und insbesondere bis zu 15 Gew.-% der gesamten Molmasse des nichtionischen Tensids ausmachen. Weitere besonders bevorzugt einzusetzbare Niotenside mit Schmelzpunkten oberhalb Raumtemperatur enthalten 40 bis 70% eines Polyoxypropylen/Polyoxyethylen/Polyoxypropylen-Blockpolymerblends, der 75 Gew.-% eines umgekehrten Block-Copolymers von Polyoxyethylen und Polyoxypropylen mit 17 Mol Ethylenoxid und 44 Mol Propylenoxid und 25 Gew.-% eines Block-Copolymers von Polyoxyethylen und Polyoxypropylen, initiiert mit Trimethylolpropan und enthaltend 24 Mol Ethylenoxid und 99 Mol Propylenoxid pro Mol Trimethylolpropan, enthält.The nonionic surfactant solid at room temperature preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule. Preferably, such PO units make up to 25 wt .-%, more preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant from. Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units. The alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably constitutes more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants. Preferred agents are characterized in that they contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule up to 25 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic Make up surfactants. Other particularly preferred nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25% by weight. % of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane.
Nichtionische Tenside, die mit besonderem Vorzug eingesetzt werden können, sind beispielsweise unter dem Namen Poly Tergent® SLF-18 von der Firma Olin Chemicals erhältlich.Nonionic surfactants that may be used with particular preference are available, for example under the name Poly Tergent ® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.
Tenside der Formel
R1O[CH2CH(CH3)O]x[CH2CH2O]yCH2CH(OH)R2 ,
in der R1 für einen linearen oder verzweigten aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 4 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Mischungen hieraus steht, R2 einen linearen oder verzweigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 2 bis 26 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Mischungen hieraus bezeichnet und x für Werte zwischen 0,5 und 1,5 sowie y für einen Wert von mindestens 15 steht, sind weitere besonders bevorzugte Niotenside.Surfactants of the formula
R 1 O [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] x [CH 2 CH 2 O] y CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 ,
in which R 1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is a value of at least 15 are further particularly preferred nonionic surfactants.
Weitere bevorzugt einsetzbare Niotenside sind die endgruppenverschlossenen poly(oxyalkylierten) Niotenside der Formel
R1O[CH2CH(R3)O]x[CH2]kCH(OH)[CH2]jOR2 ,
in der R1 und R2 für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen stehen, R3 für H oder einen Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl-, 2-Butyl- oder 2-Methyl-2-Butylrest steht, x für Werte zwischen 1 und 30, k und j für Werte zwischen 1 und 12, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 5 stehen. Wenn der Wert x ≥ 2 ist, kann jedes R3 in der obenstehenden Formel R1O[CH2CH(R3)O]x[CH2]kCH(OH)[CH2]jOR2 unterschiedlich sein. R1 und R2 sind vorzugsweise lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei Reste mit 8 bis 18 C-Atomen besonders bevorzugt sind. Für den Rest R3 sind H, -CH3 oder -CH2CH3 besonders bevorzugt. Besonders bevorzugte Werte für x liegen im Bereich von 1 bis 20, insbesondere von 6 bis 15.Other preferred nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 ,
in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. When the value x ≥ 2, each R 3 in the above formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 may be different. R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred. For the radical R 3 , H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred. Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
Wie vorstehend beschrieben, kann jedes R3 in der obenstehenden Formel unterschiedlich sein, falls x ≥ 2 ist. Hierdurch kann die Alkylenoxideinheit in der eckigen Klammer variiert werden. Steht x beispielsweise für 3, kann der Rest R3 ausgewählt werden, um Ethylenoxid- (R3 = H) oder Propylenoxid- (R3 = CH3) Einheiten zu bilden, die in jedweder Reihenfolge aneinandergefügt sein können, beispielsweise (EO)(PO)(EO), (EO)(EO)(PO), (EO)(EO)(EO), (PO)(EO)(PO), (PO)(PO)(EO) und (PO)(PO)(PO). Der Wert 3 für x ist hierbei beispielhaft gewählt worden und kann durchaus größer sein, wobei die Variationsbreite mit steigenden x-Werten zunimmt und beispielsweise eine große Anzahl (EO)-Gruppen, kombiniert mit einer geringen Anzahl (PO)-Gruppen einschließt, oder umgekehrt.As described above, each R 3 in the above formula may be different if x ≥ 2. As a result, the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied. For example, when x is 3, the radical R 3 can be selected to form ethylene oxide (R 3 = H) or propylene oxide (R 3 = CH 3 ) units which may be joined in any order, for example (EO) ( PO) (EO), (EO) (EO) (PO), (EO) (EO) (EO), (PO) (EO) (PO), (PO) (PO) (EO) and (PO) (PO) (PO). The value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, with the variation width increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,
Besonders bevorzugte endgruppenverschlossene poly(oxyalkylierte) Alkohole der obenstehenden Formel weisen Werte von k = 1 und j = 1 auf, so dass sich die vorstehende Formel zu
R1O[CH2CH(R3)O]xCH2CH(OH)CH2OR2
vereinfacht. In der letztgenannten Formel sind R1, R2 und R3 wie oben definiert und x steht für Zahlen von 1 bis 30, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 20 und insbesondere von 6 bis 18. Besonders bevorzugt sind Tenside, bei denen die Reste R1 und R2 9 bis 14 C-Atome aufweisen, R3 für H steht und x Werte von 6 bis 15 annimmt.Particularly preferred end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) alcohols of the above formula have values of k = 1 and j = 1, so that the above formula zu
R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 OR 2
simplified. In the latter formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18. Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 has 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 is H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.
Fasst man die letztgenannten Aussagen zusammen, sind endgruppenverschlossene poly(oxyalkylierten) Niotenside der Formel
R1O[CH2CH(R3)O]x[CH2]kCH(OH)[CH2]jOR2,
in der R1 und R2 für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen stehen, R3 für H oder einen Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl-, 2-Butyl- oder 2-Methyl-2-Butylrest steht, x für Werte zwischen 1 und 30, k und j für Werte zwischen 1 und 12, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 5 stehen, bevorzugt, wobei Tenside des Typs
R1O[CH2CH(R3)O]xCH2CH(OH)CH2OR2,
in denen x für Zahlen von 1 bis 30, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 20 und insbesondere von 6 bis 18 steht, besonders bevorzugt sind.Summarizing the latter statements, end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants are of the formula
R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 ,
in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5, preference being given to surfactants of the type
R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 OR 2 ,
in which x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18, are particularly preferred.
Als besonders bevorzugte Niotenside haben sich im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung schwachschäumende Niotenside erwiesen, welche alternierende Ethylenoxid- und Alkylenoxideinheiten aufweisen. Unter diesen sind wiederum Tenside mit EO-AO-EO-AO-Blöcken bevorzugt, wobei jeweils eine bis zehn EO- bzw. AO-Gruppen aneinander gebunden sind, bevor ein Block aus den jeweils anderen Gruppen folgt. Hier sind nichionisches Tenside der allgemeinen Formel
Die bevorzugten Niotenside der vorstehenden Formel lassen sich durch bekannte Methoden aus den entsprechenden Alkoholen R1-OH und Ethylen- bzw. Alkylenoxid herstellen. Der Rest R1 in der vorstehenden Formel kann je nach Herkunft des Alkohols variieren. Werden native Quellen genutzt, weist der Rest R1 eine gerade Anzahl von Kohlenstoffatomen auf und ist in der Regel unverzweigt, wobei die linearen Reste aus Alkoholen nativen Ursprungs mit 12 bis 18 C-Atomen, z.B. aus Kokos-, Palm-, Talgfett- oder Oleylalkohol, bevorzugt sind. Aus synthetischen Quellen zugängliche Alkohole sind beispielsweise die Guerbetalkohole oder in 2-Stellung methylverzweigte bzw. lineare und methylver-zweigte Reste im Gemisch, so wie sie üblicherweise in Oxoalkoholresten vorliegen. Unabhängig von der Art des zur Herstellung der in den Mitteln optional enthaltenen Niotenside eingesetzten Alkohols sind Niotenside bevorzugt, bei denen R1 in der vorstehenden Formel für einen Alkylrest mit 6 bis 24, vorzugsweise 8 bis 20, besonders bevorzugt 9 bis 15 und insbesondere 9 bis 11 Kohlenstoffatomen steht.The preferred nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R 1 -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide. The radical R 1 in the above formula may vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. If native sources are used, the radical R 1 has an even number of carbon atoms and is usually unbranched, the linear radicals being selected from alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 C atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or Oleyl alcohol, are preferred. Alcohols which are accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, the Guerbet alcohols or methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the 2-position in the mixture, as they are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. Irrespective of the type of alcohol used to prepare the nonionic surfactants optionally contained in the compositions, preference is given to nonionic surfactants in which R 1 in the above formula is an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 11 carbon atoms.
Als Alkylenoxideinheit, die alternierend zur Ethylenoxideinheit in den bevorzugten Niotensiden enthalten ist, kommt neben Propylenoxid insbesondere Butylenoxid in Betracht. Aber auch weitere Alkylenoxide, bei denen R2 bzw. R3 unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt sind aus -CH2CH2-CH3 bzw. CH(CH3)2 sind geeignet. Bevorzugt werden Niotenside der vorstehenden Formel eingesetzt, bei denen R2 bzw. R3 für einen Rest -CH3, w und x unabhängig voneinander für Werte von 3 oder 4 und y und z unabhängig voneinander für Werte von 1 oder 2 stehen.As the alkylene oxide unit which is contained in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit, in particular butylene oxide is considered in addition to propylene oxide. But also other alkylene oxides in which R 2 or R 3 are independently selected from -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 or CH (CH 3 ) 2 are suitable. Preference is given to using nonionic surfactants of the above formula in which R 2 or R 3 is a radical -CH 3 , w and x independently of one another for values of 3 or 4 and y and z independently of one another are values of 1 or 2.
Zusammenfassend sind insbesondere nichtionische Tenside bevorzugt, die einen C9-15-Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Ethylenoxideinheiten, gefolgt von 1 bis 4 Propylenoxideinheiten, gefolgt von 1 bis 4 Ethylenoxideinheiten, gefolgt von1 bis 4 Propylenoxideinheiten aufweisen. Diese Tenside weisen in wässriger Lösung die erforderliche niedrige Viskosität auf und sind erfindungsgemäß mit besonderem Vorzug einsetzbar.In summary, particularly preferred are nonionic surfactants having a C 9-15 alkyl group having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units. These surfactants have the required low viscosity in aqueous solution and can be used according to the invention with particular preference.
Weitere bevorzugt einsetzbare Niotenside sind die endgruppenverschlossenen poly(oxyalkylierten) Niotenside der Formel
R1O[CH2CH(R3)O]xR2 ,
in der R1 für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, R2 für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, welche vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 5 Hydroxygruppen aufweisen und vorzugsweise weiterhin mit einer Ethergruppe funktionalisiert sind, R3 für H oder einen Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl-, 2-Butyl- oder 2-Methyl-2-Butylrest und x für Werte zwischen 1 und 40 steht.Other preferred nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x R 2 ,
in which R 1 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 2 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably between 1 and have 5 hydroxy groups and are preferably further functionalized with an ether group, R 3 is H or a methyl, Ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical and x is between 1 and 40.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Anmeldung steht R3 in der vorgenannten allgemeinen Formel für H. Aus der Gruppe der resultierenden endgruppenverschlossenen poly(oxyalkylierten) Niotenside der Formel
R1O(CH2CH2O]xR2
sind insbesondere solche Niotenside bevorzugt, bei denen R1 für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise mit 4 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, R2 für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, welche vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 5 Hydroxygruppen aufweisen und x für Werte zwischen 1 und 40 steht.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present application, R 3 in the abovementioned general formula is H. From the group of the resulting end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
R 1 O (CH 2 CH 2 O) x R 2
In particular those nonionic surfactants are preferred in which R 1 is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, R 2 is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably have between 1 and 5 hydroxyl groups and x stands for values between 1 and 40.
Insbesondere werden solche endgruppenverschlossene poly(oxyalkylierten) Niotenside bevorzugt, die gemäß der Formel
R1O[CH2CH2O]xCH2CH(OH)R2
neben einem Rest R1, welcher für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise mit 4 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, weiterhin einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten, aliphatischen oder aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest R2 mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen aufweisen, welcher einer monohydroxylierten Zwischengruppe - CH2CH(OH)- benachbart ist. x steht in dieser Formel für Werte zwischen 1 und 90.In particular, those end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants are preferred which are in accordance with the formula
R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2
in addition to a radical R 1 , which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, furthermore a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical R 2 having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which is adjacent to a monohydroxylated intermediate group - CH 2 CH (OH) -. x in this formula stands for values between 1 and 90.
Besonders bevorzugt sind nichtionische Tenside der allgemeinen Formel
R1O[CH2CH2O]xCH2CH(OH)R2 ,
welche neben einem Rest R1, der für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise mit 4 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, weiterhin einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten, aliphatischen oder aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest R2 mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 2 bis 22 Kohlenstoffamtomen, aufweisen, welcher einer monohydroxylierten Zwischengruppe -CH2CH(OH)- benachbart ist und bei denen x für Werte zwischen 40 und 80, vorzugsweise für Werte zwischen 40 und 60 steht.Particular preference is given to nonionic surfactants of the general formula
R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 ,
which in addition to a radical R 1 , which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, further a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical R 2 having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 22 carbon atoms, which is adjacent to a monohydroxylated intermediate group -CH 2 CH (OH) - and in which x is between 40 and 80, preferably between 40 and 60.
Die entsprechenden endgruppenverschlossenen Poly(oxyalkylierten) Niotenside der vorstehenden Formel lassen sich beispielsweise durch Umsetzung eines endständigen Epoxids der Formel R2CH(O)CH2 mit einem ethoxylierten Alkohol der Formel R1O[CH2CH2O]x-1CH2CH2OH erhalten.The corresponding end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be prepared, for example, by reacting a terminal epoxide of the formula R 2 CH (O) CH 2 with an ethoxylated alcohol of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x-1 CH 2 Obtained CH 2 OH.
Besonders bevorzugt werden weiterhin solche endgruppenverschlossene poly(oxyalkylierten) Niotenside der Formel
R1O[CH2CH2O]x[CH2CH(CH3)O]yCH2CH(OH)R2 ,
in der R1 und R2 unabhängig voneinander für einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ein- bzw. mehrfach ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 2 bis 26 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, R3 unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus -CH3 -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2-CH3, CH(CH3)2 , vorzugsweise jedoch für -CH3 steht, und x und y unabhängig voneinander für Werte zwischen 1 und 32 stehen, wobei Niotenside mit Werten für x von 15 bis 32 und y von 0,5 und 1,5 ganz besonders bevorzugt sind.Particular preference is furthermore given to those end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
R 1 O [CH 2 CH 2 O] x [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] y CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 ,
in which R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms, R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 , but preferably -CH 3 , and x and y are independently of one another values between 1 and 32, nonionic surfactants having values for x of 15 to 32 and y of 0, 5 and 1.5 are very particularly preferred.
Tenside der allgemeinen Formel
Die angegebenen C-Kettenlängen sowie Ethoxylierungsgrade bzw. Alkoxylierungsgrade der vorgenannten Niotenside stellen statistische Mittelwerte dar, die für ein spezielles Produkt eine ganze oder eine gebrochene Zahl sein können. Aufgrund der Herstellverfahren bestehen Handelsprodukte der genannten Formeln zumeist nicht aus einem individuellen Vertreter, sondern aus Gemischen, wodurch sich sowohl für die C-Kettenlängen als auch für die Ethoxylierungsgrade bzw. Alkoxylierungs-grade Mittelwerte und daraus folgend gebrochene Zahlen ergeben können.The stated C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the abovementioned nonionic surfactants represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Due to the manufacturing process, commercial products of the formulas mentioned mostly do not consist of an individual representative but of mixtures, which may result in both the C chain lengths and the degrees of ethoxylation or alkoxylation-averaged mean values and, consequently, fractional numbers.
Selbstverständlich können die vorgenannten nichtionischen Tenside nicht nur als Einzelsubstanzen, sondern auch als Tensidgemische aus zwei, drei, vier oder mehr Tensiden eingesetzt werden. Als Tensidgemische werden dabei nicht Mischungen nichtionischer Tenside bezeichnet, die in ihrer Gesamtheit unter eine der oben genannten allgemeinen Formeln fallen, sondern vielmehr solche Mischungen, die zwei, drei, vier oder mehr nichtionische Tenside enthalten, die durch unterschiedliche der vorgenannten allgemeinen Formeln beschrieben werden können.Of course, the aforementioned nonionic surfactants can be used not only as individual substances, but also as surfactant mixtures of two, three, four or more surfactants. Mixtures of surfactants are not mixtures of nonionic surfactants which fall in their entirety under one of the abovementioned general formulas, but rather mixtures which contain two, three, four or more nonionic surfactants which can be described by different general formulas ,
Als anionische Tenside können beispielsweise solche vom Typ der Sulfonate und Sulfate eingesetzt werden. Als Tenside vom Sulfonat-Typ kommen dabei vorzugsweise C9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonate, Olefinsulfonate, d.h. Gemische aus Alken- und Hydroxyalkansulfonaten sowie Disulfonaten, wie man sie beispielsweise aus C12-18-Monoolefinen mit end- oder innenständiger Doppelbindung durch Sulfonieren mit gasförmigem Schwefeltrioxid und anschließende alkalische oder saure Hydrolyse der Sulfonierungsprodukte erhält, in Betracht. Geeignet sind auch Alkansulfonate, die aus C12-18-Alkanen beispielsweise durch Sulfochlorierung oder Sulfoxidation mit anschließender Hydrolyse bzw. Neutralisation gewonnen werden. Ebenso sind auch die Ester von α-Sulfofettsäuren (Estersulfonate), z.B. die α-sulfonierten Methylester der hydrierten Kokos-, Palmkern- oder Talgfettsäuren geeignet.As anionic surfactants, for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates can be used. The surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as are obtained, for example, from C 12-18 -monoolefins having terminal or internal double bonds by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of α-sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the α-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids are suitable.
Weitere geeignete Aniontenside sind sulfierte Fettsäureglycerinester. Unter Fettsäureglycerinestern sind die Mono-, Di- und Triester sowie deren Gemische zu verstehen, wie sie bei der Herstellung durch Veresterung von einem Monoglycerin mit 1 bis 3 Mol Fettsäure oder bei der Umesterung von Triglyceriden mit 0,3 bis 2 Mol Glycerin erhalten werden. Bevorzugte sulfierte Fettsäureglycerinester sind dabei die Sulfierprodukte von gesättigten Fettsäuren mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, beispielsweise der Capronsäure, Caprylsäure, Caprinsäure, Myristinsäure, Laurinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Stearinsäure oder Behensäure.Further suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters. Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as obtained in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
Als Alk(en)ylsulfate werden die Alkali- und insbesondere die Natriumsalze der Schwefelsäurehalbester der C12-C18-Fettalkohole, beispielsweise aus Kokosfettalkohol, Talgfettalkohol, Lauryl-, Myristyl-, Cetyl- oder Stearylalkohol oder der C10-C20-Oxoalkohole und diejenigen Halbester sekundärer Alkohole dieser Kettenlängen bevorzugt. Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Alk(en)ylsulfate der genannten Kettenlänge, welche einen synthetischen, auf petrochemischer Basis hergestellten geradkettigen Alkylrest enthalten, die ein analoges Abbauverhalten besitzen wie die adäquaten Verbindungen auf der Basis von fettchemischen Rohstoffen. Aus waschtechnischem Interesse sind die C12-C16-Alkylsulfate und C12-C15-Alkylsulfate sowie C14-C15-Alkylsulfate bevorzugt. Auch 2,3-Alkylsulfate, welche als Handelsprodukte der Shell Oil Company unter dem Namen DAN® erhalten werden können, sind geeignete Aniontenside.Alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and especially the sodium salts of Schwefelsäurehalbester the C 12- C 18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol, or C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. Of washing technology interest, the C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates and C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred. Also 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which can be obtained as commercial products of Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ® , are suitable anionic surfactants.
Auch die Schwefelsäuremonoester der mit 1 bis 6 Mol Ethylenoxid ethoxylierten geradkettigen oder verzweigten C7-21-Alkohole, wie 2-Methyl-verzweigte C9-11-Alkohole mit im Durchschnitt 3,5 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) oder C12-18-Fettalkohole mit 1 bis 4 EO, sind geeignet.The sulfuric acid monoesters of straight-chain or branched C 7-21 -alcohols ethoxylated with from 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C 9-11- alcohols having on average 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12-18 . Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable.
Weitere geeignete Aniontenside sind auch die Salze der Alkylsulfobernsteinsäure, die auch als Sulfosuccinate oder als Sulfobernsteinsäureester bezeichnet werden und die Monoester und/oder Diester der Sulfobernsteinsäure mit Alkoholen, vorzugsweise Fettalkoholen und insbesondere ethoxylierten Fettalkoholen, darstellen. Bevorzugte Sulfosuccinate enthalten C8-18-Fettalkoholreste oder Mischungen aus diesen.Further suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these.
Der Aniontensidgehalt erfindungsgemäßer Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel kann z.B. vorzugsweise im Bereich von 1-60 Gw.-% vorteilhafterweise 5-40 Gew.-%, insbesondere 10-30 Gew.-% liegen.The anionic surfactant content of detergents or cleaners according to the invention may be e.g. preferably in the range of 1-60% by weight, advantageously 5-40% by weight, in particular 10-30% by weight.
An Stelle der genannten Tenside oder in Verbindung mit ihnen können auch kationische und/oder amphotere Tenside eingesetzt werden.Instead of the surfactants mentioned or in conjunction with them, it is also possible to use cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants.
Als kationische Aktivsubstanzen können beispielsweise kationische Verbindungen der nachfolgenden Formeln eingesetzt werden:
Der Gehalt an kationischen und/oder amphoteren Tensiden kann vorzugsweise weniger als 10 Gew.-%, bevorzugt weniger als 5 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt weniger als 2 Gew.-% und insbesondere weniger als 1 Gew.-% betragen. Es kann auch bevorzugt sein, dass keine kationischen oder amphoteren Tenside enthalten sind.The content of cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants may preferably be less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 2% by weight and in particular less than 1% by weight. It may also be preferred that no cationic or amphoteric surfactants are included.
Zur Gruppe der Polymere zählen insbesondere die wasch- oder reinigungsaktiven Poylmere, beispielsweise die als Enthärter wirksamen Polymere. Generell sind in Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln neben nichtionischen Polymeren auch kationische, anionische und amphotere Polymere einsetzbar.The group of polymers includes, in particular, the washing or cleaning-active polymers, for example the polymers which act as softeners. In general, cationic, anionic and amphoteric polymers can be used in detergents or cleaners in addition to nonionic polymers.
"Kationische Polymere" im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Polymere, welche eine positive Ladung im Polymermolekül tragen. Diese kann beispielsweise durch in der Polymerkette vorliegende (Alkyl-)Ammoniumgruppierungen oder andere positiv geladene Gruppen realisiert werden. Besonders bevorzugte kationische Polymere stammen aus den Gruppen der quaternierten Cellulose-Derivate, der Polysiloxane mit quaternären Gruppen, der kationischen Guar-Derivate, der polymeren Dimethyldiallylammoniumsalze und deren Copolymere mit Estern und Amiden von Acrylsäure und Methacrylsäure, der Copolymere des Vinylpyrrolidons mit quaternierten Derivaten des Dialkylaminoacrylats und -methacrylats, der Vinylpyrrolidon-Methoimidazoliniumchlorid-Copolymere, der quaternierter Polyvinylalkohole oder der unter den INCI-Bezeichnungen Polyquaternium 2, Polyquaternium 17, Polyquaternium 18 und Polyquaternium 27 angegeben Polymere."Cationic polymers" in the context of the present invention are polymers which carry a positive charge in the polymer molecule. This can be realized, for example, by (alkyl) ammonium groups or other positively charged groups present in the polymer chain. Particularly preferred cationic polymers come from the groups of quaternized cellulose derivatives, the polysiloxanes with quaternary groups, the cationic guar derivatives, the polymeric dimethyldiallylammonium salts and their copolymers with esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, the copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with quaternized derivatives of dialkylamino and methacrylates, the vinylpyrrolidone-methoimidazolinium chloride copolymers, the quaternized polyvinyl alcohols or the polymers specified under the INCI names Polyquaternium 2, Polyquaternium 17, Polyquaternium 18 and Polyquaternium 27.
"Amphorere Poylmere" im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung weisen neben einer positiv geladenen Gruppe in der Polymerkette weiterhin auch negativ geladenen Gruppen bzw. Monomereinheiten auf. Bei diesen Gruppen kann es sich beispielsweise um Carbonsäuren, Sulfonsäuren oder Phosphonsäuren handeln.For the purposes of the present invention, "amphoteric polymers" furthermore have, in addition to a positively charged group in the polymer chain, also negatively charged groups or monomer units. These groups may be, for example, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
Bereichs von 2 bis 11, oder Salze hiervon, mit der Maßgabe, dass mindestens ein Rest R1, R2, R3, R4 eine heteroatomare organische Gruppe mit mindestens einer positiven Ladung ohne geladenen Stickstoff, mindestens ein quatemiertes N-Atom oder mindestens eine Aminogruppe mit einer positiven Ladung ist.Range of 2 to 11, or salts thereof, with the proviso that at least one radical R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 is a heteroatomic organic group having at least one positive charge without charged nitrogen, at least one quaternized nitrogen atom or at least is an amino group with a positive charge.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung besonders bevorzugte kationische oder amphotere Polymere enthalten als Monomereinheit eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel
Bevorzugte Reste R1 und R4 in der vorstehenden Formel sind ausgewählt aus -CH3, -CH2-CH3, - CH2-CH2-CH3, -CH(CH3)-CH3, -CH2-OH, -CH2-CH2-OH, -CH(OH)-CH3, -CH2-CH2-CH2-OH, -CH2-CH(OH)-CH3, -CH(OH)-CH2-CH3, und -(CH2CH2-O)nH.Preferred radicals R 1 and R 4 in the above formula are selected from -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH 3, - CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3, -CH (CH 3) -CH 3, -CH 2 -OH , -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH (OH) -CH 2 -CH 3 , and - (CH 2 CH 2 -O) n H.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt werden Polymere, welche eine kationische Monomereinheit der vorstehenden allgemeinen Formel aufweisen, bei der R1 und R4 für H stehen, R2 und R3 für Methyl stehen und x und y jeweils 1 sind. Die entsprechenden Monomereinheit der Formel
H2C=CH-(CH2)-N+(CH3)2-(CH2)-CH=CH2 X-
werden im Falle von X-= Chlorid auch als DADMAC (Diallyldimethylammonium-Chlorid) bezeichnet.Very particular preference is given to polymers which have a cationic monomer unit of the above general formula in which R 1 and R 4 are H, R 2 and R 3 are methyl and x and y are each 1. The corresponding monomer unit of the formula
H 2 C = CH- (CH 2 ) -N + (CH 3 ) 2 - (CH 2 ) -CH = CH 2 X -
in the case of X - = chloride, they are also referred to as DADMAC (diallyldimethylammonium chloride).
Weitere besonders bevorzugte kationische oder amphotere Polymere enthalten eine Monomereinheit der allgemeinen Formel
R1HC=CR2-C(O)-NH-(CH2)x-N+R3R4R5 X-
in der R1, R2, R3, R4 und R5 unabhängig voneinander für einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigen Alkyl-, oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise für einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest ausgewählt aus -CH3, -CH2-CH3, -CH2-CH2-CH3, -CH(CH3)-CH3, -CH2-OH, -CH2-CH2-OH, -CH(OH)-CH3, -CH2-CH2-CH2-OH, -CH2-CH(OH)-CH3, -CH(OH)-CH2-CH3, und -(CH2CH2-O)nH steht und x für eine ganze Zahl zwischen 1 und 6 steht.Further particularly preferred cationic or amphoteric polymers contain a monomer unit of the general formula
R 1 HC = CR 2 -C (O) -NH- (CH 2 ) x -N + R 3 R 4 R 5 X -
in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently of one another are a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl radical selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3 , -CH (OH) -CH 2 -CH 3 , and - (CH 2 CH 2 -O) n H and x is an integer between 1 and 6.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung Polymere, welche eine kationsche Monomereinheit der vorstehenden allgemeinen Formel aufweisen, bei der R1 für H und R2, R3, R4 und R5 für Methyl stehen und x für 3 steht. Die entsprechenden Monomereinheiten der Formel
H2C=C(CH3)-C(O)-NH-(CH2)x-N+(CH3)3 X-
werden im Falle von X-= Chlorid auch als MAPTAC (Methyacrylamidopropyl-trimethylammoniumChlorid) bezeichnet.For the purposes of the present application, very particular preference is given to polymers which have a cationic monomer unit of the above general formula in which R 1 is H and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are methyl and x is 3. The corresponding monomer units of the formula
H 2 C = C (C H3) -C (O) -NH- (CH 2) x -N + (CH 3) 3 X -
In the case of X - = chloride, also referred to as MAPTAC (Methyacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride).
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt können Polymere eingesetzt werden, die als Monomereinheiten Diallyldimethylammoniumsalze und/oder Acrylamidopropyltrimethylammoniumsalze enthalten.According to the invention, preference may be given to using polymers which contain diallyldimethylammonium salts and / or acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium salts as monomer units.
Die zuvor erwähnten amphoteren Polymere weisen nicht nur kationische Gruppen, sondern auch anionische Gruppen bzw. Monomereinheiten auf. Derartige anionischen Monomereinheiten stammen beispielsweise aus der Gruppe der linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten Carboxylate, der linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten Phosphonate, der linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten Sulfate oder der linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten Sulfonate. Bevorzugte Monomereinheiten sind die Acrylsäure, die (Meth)acrylsäure, die (Dimethyl)acrylsäure, die (Ethyl)acrylsäure, die Cyanoacrylsäure, die Vinylessingsäure, die Allylessigsäure, die Crotonsäure, die Maleinsäure, die Fumarsäure, die Zimtsäure und ihre Derivate, die Allylsulfonsäuren, wie beispielsweise Allyloxybenzolsulfonsäure und Methallylsulfonsäure oder die Allylphosphonsäuren.The aforementioned amphoteric polymers have not only cationic groups but also anionic groups or monomer units. Such anionic monomer units are derived, for example, from the group of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated carboxylates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated phosphonates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfates or linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated sulfonates. Preferred monomer units are acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid, (dimethyl) acrylic acid, (ethyl) acrylic acid, cyanoacrylic acid, vinylessingic acid, allylacetic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid and its derivatives, allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid or the allylphosphonic acids.
Bevorzugte einsetzbare amphotere Polymere stammen aus der Gruppe der Alkylacrylamid/Acry-Isäure-Copolymere, der Alkylacrylamid/Methacrylsäure-Copolymere, der Alkylacrylamid/Methylmethacrylsäure-Copolymere, der Alkylacrylamid/Acrylsäure/Alkyl-aminoalkyl(meth)acrylsäüre-Copolymere, der Alkylacrylamid/Methacrylsäure/Alkylaminoalkyl(meth)-acrylsäure-Copolymere, der Alkylacrylamid/Methylmethacrylsäure/Alkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylsäure-Copolymere, der Alkylacrylamid/Al-kymethacrylat/Alkylaminoethylmethacrylat/Alkylmethacrylat-Copolymere sowie der Copolymere aus ungesättigten Carbonsäuren, kationisch derivatisierten ungesättigten Carbonsäuren und gegebenenfalls weiteren ionischen oder nichtionogenen Monomeren.Preferred employable amphoteric polymers are selected from the group of alkylacrylamide / acry-isoic acid copolymers, alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers, alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers, alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid / Alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / al-kymethacrylate / alkylaminoethylmethacrylate / alkylmethacrylate copolymers, and the Copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, cationically derivatized unsaturated carboxylic acids and optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers.
Bevorzugt einsetzbare zwitterionische Polymere stammen aus der Gruppe der Acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammoniumchlorid/Acrylsäure-Copolymere sowie deren Alkali- und Ammoniumsalze, der Acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammoniumchlorid/Methacrylsäure-Copolymere sowie deren Alkali- und Ammoniumsalze und der Methacroylethylbetain/Methacrylat-Copolymere.Preferred zwitterionic polymers are from the group of acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts, the acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts and the methacroylethylbetaine / methacrylate copolymers.
Bevorzugt werden weiterhin amphotere Polymere, welche neben einem oder mehreren anionischen Monomeren als kationische Monomere Methacrylamidoalkyl-trialkylammoniumchlorid und Dimethyl(di-allyl)ammoniumchlorid umfassen.Also preferred are amphoteric polymers which comprise, in addition to one or more anionic monomers as cationic monomers methacrylamidoalkyl-trialkylammonium chloride and dimethyl (di-allyl) ammonium chloride.
Besonders bevorzugte amphotere Polymere stammen aus der Gruppe der Methacrylamidoalkyl-trialkylammoniumchlorid/Dimethyl(diallyl)ammoniumchlorid/Acrylsäure-Copolymere, der Methacrylami-doalkyltrialkylammoniumchlorid/Dimethyl(diallyl)ammoniumchlorid/Methacrylsäure-Copolymere und der Methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammoniumchlorid/Dimethyl(diallyl)ammoniumchlorid/Alkyl-(meth)acrylsäure-Copolymere sowie deren Alkali- und Ammoniumsalze.Particularly preferred amphoteric polymers are selected from the group consisting of the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and the methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / alkyl ( meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts.
Insbesondere bevorzugt werden amphotere Polymere aus der Gruppe der Methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammoniumchlorid/Dimethyl(diallyl)ammoniumchlorid/Acrylsäure-Copolymere, der Methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammoniumchlorid/Dimethyl(diallyl)ammoniumchlorid/Acrylsäure-Copolymere und der Methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammoniumchlorid/Dimethyl(diallyl)ammoniumchlorid/Alkyl(meth)-acrylsäure-Copolymere sowie deren Alkali - und Ammoniumsalze.Particular preference is given to amphoteric polymers from the group of the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / alkyl (meth) acrylic acid Copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts.
Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel können vorgenannte kationische und/oder amphotere Polymere vorzugsweise in Mengen zwischen 0,01 und 10 Gew.-% enthalten, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittels. Bevorzugt werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung jedoch solche Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel, bei denen der Gewichtsanteil der kationischen und/oder amphoteren Polymere zwischen 0,01 und 8 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,01 und 6 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 0,01 und 4 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,01 und 2 Gew.-% und insbesondere zwischen 0,01 und 1 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des gesamten Mittels, beträgt. Bevorzugte Mittel können auch vollkommen frei von kationischen und/oder amphoteren Polymeren sein.Washing or cleaning agents may contain the aforementioned cationic and / or amphoteric polymers, preferably in amounts of between 0.01 and 10% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the washing or cleaning agent. In the context of the present application, however, preference is given to those detergents or cleaners in which the weight fraction of the cationic and / or amphoteric polymers is between 0.01 and 8% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 6% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 4 wt .-%, more preferably between 0.01 and 2 wt .-% and in particular between 0.01 and 1 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the total composition is. Preferred agents can also be completely free of cationic and / or amphoteric polymers.
Als Enthärter wirksame Polymere sind beispielsweise die Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltigen Polymere, welche mit besonderem Vorzug eingesetzt werden können.Effective polymers as softeners are, for example, the sulfonic acid-containing polymers which can be used with particular preference.
Besonders bevorzugt als Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltige Polymere einsetzbar sind Copolymere aus ungesättigten Carbonsäuren, Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltigen Monomeren und gegebenenfalls weiteren ionogenen oder nichtionogenen Monomeren.Particularly preferred as sulfonic acid-containing polymers are copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, sulfonic acid-containing monomers and optionally other ionic or nonionic monomers.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind als Monomer ungesättigte Carbonsäuren der Formel
R1(R2)C=C(R3)COOH
bevorzugt, in der R1 bis R3 unabhängig voneinander für -H, -CH3, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten gesättigten Alkylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, ein- oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkenylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, mit - NH2, -OH oder -COOH substituierte Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste oder für -COOH oder -COOR4 steht, wobei R4 ein gesättigter oder ungesättigter, geradkettiger oder verzweigter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen ist.In the context of the present invention are as unsaturated monomer carboxylic acids of the formula
R 1 (R 2 ) C = C (R 3 ) COOH
in which R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H, -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, NH 2 , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals or for -COOH or -COOR 4 , wherein R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
Unter den ungesättigten Carbonsäuren, die sich durch die vorstehende Formel beschreiben lassen, sind insbesondere Acrylsäure (R' = R2 = R3 = H), Methacrylsäure (R' = R2 = H; R3 = CH3) und/oder Maleinsäure (R' = COOH; R2 = R3 = H) bevorzugt.Among the unsaturated carboxylic acids which can be described by the above formula are in particular acrylic acid (R '= R 2 = R 3 = H), methacrylic acid (R' = R 2 = H, R 3 = CH 3 ) and / or maleic acid (R '= COOH; R 2 = R 3 = H) is preferred.
Bei den Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltigen Monomeren sind solche der Formel
R5(R6)C=C(R7)-X-SO3H
bevorzugt, in der R5 bis R7 unabhängig voneinander für -H, -CH3, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten gesättigten Alkylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, ein- oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkenylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, mit - NH2, -OH oder -COOH substituierte Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste oder für -COOH oder -COOR4 steht, wobei R4 ein gesättigter oder ungesättigter, geradkettiger oder verzweigter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, und X für eine optional vorhandene Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus -(CH2)n- mit n = 0 bis 4, -COO-(CH2)k- mit k = 1 bis 6, -C(O)-NH-C(CH3)2- und - C(O)-NH-CH(CH2CH3)-.In the sulfonic acid-containing monomers are those of the formula
R 5 (R 6 ) C = C (R 7 ) -X-SO 3 H
in which R 5 to R 7 independently of one another are -H, -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, NH 2 , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals or -COOH or -COOR 4 , wherein R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH 2 ) n - with n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH 2 ) k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH 3 ) 2 - and - C (O) -NH-CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) -.
Unter diesen Monomeren bevorzugt sind solche der Formeln
H2C=CH-X-SO3H
H2C=C(CH3)-X-SO3H
HO3S-X-(R6)C=C(R7)-X-SO3H ,
in denen R6 und R7 unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt sind aus -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2 und X für eine optional vorhandene Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus -(CH2)n- mit n = 0 bis 4, -COO-(CH2)k- mit k = 1 bis 6, -C(O)-NH-C(CH3)2- und -C(O)-NH-CH(CH2CH3)-.Preferred among these monomers are those of the formulas
H 2 C = CH-X-SO 3 H
H 2 C = C (CH 3 ) -X-SO 3 H
HO 3 SX- (R 6 ) C = C (R 7 ) -X-SO 3 H,
in which R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from -H, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) 2 and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH 2 ) n - with n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH 2 ) k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH 3 ) 2 - and - C (O) -NH-CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) -.
Besonders bevorzugte Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltige Monomere sind dabei 1-Acrylamido-1-propansul-fonsäure, 2-Acrylamido-2-propansulfonsäure, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propansulfonsäure, 2-Meth-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propansulfonsäure, 3-Methacrylamido-2-hydroxy-propansulfonsäure, Allylsulfonsäure, Methallylsulfonsäure, Allyloxybenzolsulfonsäure, Methallyloxybenzolsulfonsäure, 2-Hydroxy-3-(2-propenyloxy)propansulfonsäure, 2-Methyl-2-propen1-sulfonsäure, Styrolsulfonsäure, Vinylsulfonsäure, 3-Sulfopropylacrylat, 3-Sulfopropylmethacrylat, Sulfomethacrylamid, Sulfomethylmethacrylamid sowie wasserlösliche Salze der genannten Säuren.Particularly preferred monomers containing sulfonic acid groups are 1-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methyl-1 propanesulfonic acid, 3-methacrylamido-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3- (2-propenyloxy) propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate , 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, sulfomethacrylamide, sulfomethylmethacrylamide and water-soluble salts of said acids.
Als weitere ionogene oder nichtionogene Monomere kommen insbesondere ethylenisch ungesättigte Verbindungen in Betracht. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Gehalt der einsetzbaren Polymere an diesen weiteren ionogene oder nichtionogenen Monomeren weniger als 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Polymer. Besonders bevorzugt zu verwendende Polymere bestehen lediglich aus Monomeren der Formel R1(R2)C=C(R3)COOH und Monomeren der Formel R5(R6)C=C(R7)-X-SO3H.Particularly suitable other ionic or nonionic monomers are ethylenically unsaturated compounds. The content of the polymers which can be used in these other ionic or nonionic monomers is preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the polymer. Particularly preferred polymers to be used consist only of monomers of the formula R 1 (R 2 ) C =C (R 3 ) COOH and monomers of the formula R 5 (R 6 ) C =C (R 7 ) -X-SO 3 H.
Zusammenfassend sind Copolymere aus
- i) ungesättigten Carbonsäuren der Formel R1(R2)C=C(R3)COOH
in der R1 bis R3 unabhängig voneinander für -H, -CH3, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten gesättigten Alkylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, ein- oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkenylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, mit -NH2, -OH oder -COOH substituierte Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste wie vorstehend definiert oder für -COOH oder -COOR4 steht, wobei R4 ein gesättigter oder ungesättigter, geradkettiger oder verzweigter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, - ii) Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltigen Monomeren der Formel R5(R6)C=C(R7)-X-SO3H
in der R5 bis R7 unabhängig voneinander für -H, -CH3, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten gesättigten Alkylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, ein- oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkenylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, mit -NH2, -OH oder -COOH substituierte Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste wie vorstehend definiert oder für -COOH oder -COOR4 steht, wobei R4 ein gesättigter oder ungesättigter, geradkettiger oder verzweigter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, und X für eine optional vorhandene Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus -(CH2)n- mit n = 0 bis 4, -COO-(CH2)k- mit k = 1 bis 6, -C(O)-NH-C(CH3)2- und -C(O)-NH-CH(CH2CH3)- - iii) gegebenenfalls weiteren ionogenen oder nichtionogenen Monomeren
- i) unsaturated carboxylic acids of the formula R 1 (R 2 ) C = C (R 3 ) COOH
in the R 1 to R 3 are independently of one another -H, -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 Substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or represents -COOH or -COOR 4 , where R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, - ii) sulfonic acid group-containing monomers of the formula R 5 (R 6 ) C = C (R 7 ) -X-SO 3 H
in the R 5 to R 7 independently of one another are -H, -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is -COOH or -COOR 4 , wherein R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH 2 ) n - with n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH 2 ) k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH 3 ) 2 and -C (O) -NH-CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) - - iii) optionally further ionogenic or nonionic monomers
Weitere besonders bevorzugte Copolymere bestehen aus
- i) einer oder mehreren ungesättigter Carbonsäuren aus der Gruppe Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure und/oder Maleinsäure
- ii) einem oder mehreren Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltigen Monomeren der Formeln:
H2C=CH-X-SO3H
H2C=C(CH3)-X-SO3H
HO3S-X-(R6)C=C(R7)-X-SO3H ,
in der R6 und R7 unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt sind aus -H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2 und X für eine optional vorhandene Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus -(CH2)n- mit n = 0 bis 4, -COO-(CH2)k- mit k = 1 bis 6, -C(O)-NH-C(CH3)2- und -C(O)-NH-CH(CH2CH3)- - iii) gegebenenfalls weiteren ionogenen oder nichtionogenen Monomeren.
- i) one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and / or maleic acid
- ii) one or more sulfonic acid group-containing monomers of the formulas:
H 2 C = CH-X-SO 3 H
H 2 C = C (CH 3 ) -X-SO 3 H
HO 3 SX- (R 6 ) C = C (R 7 ) -X-SO 3 H,
in which R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from -H, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) 2 and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH 2 ) n - with n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH 2 ) k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH 3 ) 2 - and - C (O) -NH-CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) - - iii) optionally further ionogenic or nonionic monomers.
Die Copolymere können die Monomere aus den Gruppen i) und ii) sowie gegebenenfalls iii) in variierenden Mengen enthalten, wobei sämtliche Vertreter aus der Gruppe i) mit sämtlichen Vertretern aus der Gruppe ii) und sämtlichen Vertretern aus der Gruppe iii) kombiniert werden können. Besonders bevorzugte Polymere weisen bestimmte Struktureinheiten auf, die nachfolgend beschrieben werden.The copolymers may contain the monomers from groups i) and ii) and, if appropriate, iii) in varying amounts, it being possible for all representatives from group i) to be combined with all representatives from group ii) and all representatives from group iii). Particularly preferred polymers have certain structural units, which are described below.
So sind beispielsweise Copolymere bevorzugt, die Struktureinheiten der Formel
-[CH2-CHCOOH]m-[CH2-CHC(O)-Y-SO3H]p-
enthalten, in der m und p jeweils für eine ganze natürliche Zahl zwischen 1 und 2000 sowie Y für eine Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus substituierten oder unsubstituierten aliphatischen, aromatischen oder substituierten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffresten mit 1 bis 24 Kohlenstoff-atomen, wobei Spacergruppen, in denen Y für -O-(CH2)n- mit n = 0 bis 4, für -O-(C6H4)-, für -NH-C(CH3)2- oder -NH-CH(CH2CH3)- steht, bevorzugt sind.For example, copolymers which are structural units of the formula are preferred
- [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -CHC (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p -
in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2000 and Y is a spacer group which is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups, in where Y is -O- (CH 2 ) n - where n = 0 to 4, -O- (C 6 H 4 ) -, -NH-C (CH 3 ) 2 - or -NH-CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) - is, are preferred.
Diese Polymere werden durch Copolymerisation von Acrylsäure mit einem Sulfonsäuregruppenhal-tigen Acrylsäurederivat hergestellt. Copolymerisiert man das Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltige Acrylsäurederivat mit Methacrylsäure, gelangt man zu einem anderen Polymer, dessen Einsatz ebenfalls bevorzugt ist. Die entsprechenden Copolymere enthalten die Struktureinheiten der Formel
-[CH2-C(CH3)COOH]m-[CH2-CHC(O)-Y-SO3H]p- ,
in der m und p jeweils für eine ganze natürliche Zahl zwischen 1 und 2000 sowie Y für eine Spacer-gruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus substituierten oder unsubstituierten aliphatischen, aromatischen oder substituierten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffresten mit 1 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei Spacergruppen, in denen Y für -O-(CH2)n- mit n = 0 bis 4, für -O-(C6H4)-, für -NH-C(CH3)2- oder -NH-CH(CH2CH3)- steht, bevorzugt sind.These polymers are prepared by copolymerizing acrylic acid with a sulfonic acid group-containing acrylic acid derivative. If the acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups is copolymerized with methacrylic acid, another polymer is obtained whose use is likewise preferred. The corresponding copolymers contain the structural units of the formula
- [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) COOH] m - [CH 2 -CHC (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p -,
where m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000, and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y for -O- (CH 2 ) n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C 6 H 4 ) -, for -NH-C (CH 3 ) 2 - or -NH-CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) - are, are preferred.
Völlig analog lassen sich Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure auch mit Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltigen Methacrylsäurederivaten copolymerisieren, wodurch die Struktureinheiten im Molekül verändert werden. So sind Copolymere, welche Struktureinheiten der Formel
-[CH2-CHCOOH]m-[CH2-C(CH3)C(O)-Y-SO3H]p-
enthalten, in der m und p jeweils für eine ganze natürliche Zahl zwischen 1 und 2000 sowie Y für eine Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus substituierten oder unsubstituierten aliphatischen, aromatischen oder substituierten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffresten mit 1 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei Spacergruppen, in denen Y für -O-(CH2)n- mit n = 0 bis 4, für -O-(C6H4)-, für -NH-C(CH3)2- oder -NH-CH(CH2CH3)- steht, ebenso bevorzugt wie Copolymere, die Struktureinheiten der Formel
-[CH2-C(CH3)COOH]m-1-[CH2-C(CH3)C(O)-Y-SO3H]p-
enthalten, in der m und p jeweils für eine ganze natürliche Zahl zwischen 1 und 2000 sowie Y für eine Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus substituierten oder unsubstituierten aliphatischen, aromatischen oder substituierten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffresten mit 1, bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei Spacergruppen, in denen Y für -O-(CH2)n- mit n = 0 bis 4, für -O-(C6H4)-, für -NH-C(CH3)2- oder -NH-CH(CH2CH3)- steht, bevorzugt sind.Acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid can also be copolymerized completely analogously with methacrylic acid derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups, as a result of which the structural units in the molecule are changed. Thus, copolymers which are structural units of the formula
- [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p -
in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y. for -O- (CH 2 ) n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C 6 H 4 ) -, for -NH-C (CH 3 ) 2 - or -NH-CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) -, as preferred as copolymers, the structural units of the formula
- [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) COOH] m -1- [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p -
in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y is -O- (CH 2 ) n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C 6 H 4 ) -, for -NH-C (CH 3 ) 2 - or -NH-CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) - is, are preferred.
Anstelle von Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure bzw. in Ergänzung hierzu kann auch Maleinsäure als besonders bevorzugtes Monomer aus der Gruppe i) eingesetzt werden. Man gelangt auf diese Weise zu erfindungsgemäß bevorzugten Copolymeren, die Struktureinheiten der Formel
-[HOOCCH-CHCOOH]m-[CH2-CHC(O)-Y-SO3H]p-
enthalten, in der m und p jeweils für eine ganze natürliche Zahl zwischen 1 und 2000 sowie Y für eine Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus substituierten oder unsubstituierten aliphatischen, aromatischen oder anomatisch substituierten Kohlenwasserstoffresten mit 1 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei Spacergruppen, in denen Y für -O-(CH2)n- mit n = 0 bis 4, für -O-(C6H4)-, für -NH-C(CH3)2- oder -NH-CH(CH2CH3)- steht, bevorzugt sind. Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt sind weiterhin Copolymere, die Struktureinheiten der Formel
-[HOOCCH-CHCOOH]m[CH2-C(CH3)C(O)O-Y-SO3H]p-
enthalten, in der m und p jeweils für eine ganze natürliche Zahl zwischen 1 und 2000 sowie Y für eine Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus substituierten oder unsubstituierten aliphatischen, aromatischen oder substituierten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffresten mit 1 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei Spacergruppen, in denen Y für -O-(CH2)n- mit n = 0 bis 4, für -O-(C6H4)-, für -NH-C(CH3)2- oder -NH-CH(CH2CH3)- steht.Instead of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid or in addition thereto, maleic acid can also be used as a particularly preferred monomer from group i). This gives way to inventively preferred copolymers, the structural units of the formula
- [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -CHC (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p -
in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or anomatically substituted hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y. for -O- (CH 2 ) n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C 6 H 4 ) -, for -NH-C (CH 3 ) 2 - or -NH-CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) - is, are preferred. Also preferred according to the invention are copolymers which contain structural units of the formula
- [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] m [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) OY-SO 3 H] p -
in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y. for -O- (CH 2 ) n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C 6 H 4 ) -, for -NH-C (CH 3 ) 2 - or -NH-CH (CH 2 CH 3 )- stands.
Die Bleichmittel sind eine mit besonderem Vorzug einsetzbare wasch- oder reinigungsaktive Substanz. Unter den als Bleichmittel dienenden, in Wasser H2O2 liefernden Verbindungen haben das Natriumpercarbonat, das Natriumperborattetrahydrat und das Natriumperboratmonohydrat besondere Bedeutung. Weitere brauchbare Bleichmittel sind beispielsweise Peroxypyrophosphate, Citratperhy-drate sowie H2O2 liefernde persaure Salze oder Persäuren, wie Perbenzoate, Peroxophthalate, Diperazelainsäure, Phthaloiminopersäure oder Diperdodecandisäure.The bleaching agents are a substance which can be used with particular preference for washing or cleaning. Among the compounds serving as bleaches in water H 2 O 2 , sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Further useful bleaching agents are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, Citratperhy-drate and H 2 O 2 supplying peracid salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
Weiterhin können auch Bleichmittel aus der Gruppe der organischen Bleichmittel eingesetzt werden. Typische organische Bleichmittel sind die Diacylperoxide, wie z.B. Dibenzoylperoxid. Weitere typische organische Bleichmittel sind die Peroxysäuren, wobei als Beispiele besonders die Alkylperoxysäuren und die Arylperoxysäuren genannt werden. Bevorzugte Vertreter sind (a) die Peroxybenzoesäure und ihre ringsubstituierten Derivate, wie Alkylperoxybenzoesäuren, aber auch Peroxy-α-Naphtoesäure und Magnesiummonoperphthalat, (b) die aliphatischen oder substituiert aliphatischen Peroxysäuren, wie Peroxylaurinsäure, Peroxystearinsäure, e-Phthalimidoperoxycapronsäure [Phthaliminoperoxyhexansäure (PAP)], o-Carboxybenzamidoperoxycapronsäure, N-Nonenylamidoperadipinsäure und N-Nonenylamidopersuccinate, und (c) aliphatische und araliphatische Peroxydicarbonsäuren, wie 1,12-Diperoxycarbonsäure; 1,9-Diperoxyazelainsäure, Diperocysebacinsäure, Diperoxybrassylsäure, die Diperoxyphthalsäuren, 2-Decyldiperoxybutan-1,4-disäure, N,N-Terephthaloyl-di(6-aminopercapronsäue) können eingesetzt werden.Furthermore, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, e.g. Dibenzoyl. Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, e-phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [Phthaliminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)] , o-Carboxybenzamidoperoxycapronsäure, N-Nonenylamidoperadipinsäure and N-Nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid; 1,9-Diperoxyazelaic acid, diperoxysebacic acid, diperoxybrassylic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronate) can be used.
Als Bleichmittel können auch Chlor oder Brom freisetzende Substanzen eingesetzt werden. Unter den geeigneten Chlor oder Brom freisetzenden Materialien kommen beispielsweise heterozyklische N-Brom- und N-Chloramide, beispielsweise Trichlorisocyanursäure, Tribromisocyanursäure, Dibromisocyanur-säure und/oder Dichlorisocyanursäure (DICA) und/oder deren Salze mit Kationen wie Kalium und Natrium in Betracht. Hydantoinverbindungen, wie 1,3-Dichlor-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin sind ebenfalls geeignet.As a bleaching agent and chlorine or bromine releasing substances can be used. Among the suitable chlorine or bromine releasing materials are, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or salts thereof with cations such as potassium and sodium. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin are also suitable.
Erfindungsgemäß werden Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel bevorzugt, die 1 bis 35 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 2,5 bis 30 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 3,5 bis 20 Gew.-% und insbesondere 5 bis 15 Gew.-% Bleichmittel, vorzugsweise Natriumpercarbonat, enthalten.According to the invention, detergents or cleaners are preferred which contain from 1 to 35% by weight, preferably from 2.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 3.5 to 20% by weight and in particular from 5 to 15% by weight of bleach, preferably sodium percarbonate.
Der Aktivsauerstoffgehalt der Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel kann, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Mittels, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,4 und 10 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 und 8 Gew.-% und insbesondere zwischen 0,6 und 5 Gew.-% betragen. Besonders bevorzugte Mittel weisen einen Aktivsauerstoffgehalt oberhalb 0,3 Gew.-%, bevorzugt oberhalb 0,7 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt oberhalb 0,8 Gew.-% und insbesondere oberhalb 1,0 Gew.-% auf.The active oxygen content of the washing or cleaning agents, in each case based on the total weight of the composition, preferably between 0.4 and 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 8 wt .-% and in particular between 0.6 and 5 wt .-% amount. Particularly preferred compositions have an active oxygen content above 0.3 wt .-%, preferably above 0.7 wt .-%, more preferably above 0.8 wt .-% and in particular above 1.0 wt .-% to.
Bleichaktivatoren werden in Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln beispielsweise eingesetzt, um beim Reinigen bei Temperaturen von 60 °C und darunter eine verbesserte Bleichwirkung zu erreichen. Als Bleichaktivatoren können Verbindungen, die unter Perhydrolysebedingungen aliphatische Peroxocarbonsäuren mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 C-Atomen, insbesondere 2 bis 4 C-Atomen, und/oder gegebenenfalls substituierte Perbenzoesäure ergeben, eingesetzt werden. Geeignet sind Substanzen, die O- und/oder N-Acylgruppen der genannten C-Atomzahl und/oder gegebenenfalls substituierte Benzoylgruppen tragen. Bevorzugt sind mehrfach acylierte Alkylendiamine, insbesondere Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), acylierte Triazinderivate, insbesondere 1,5-Diacetyl-2,4-dioxahexahydra-1,3,5-tri-azin (DADHT), acylierte Glykolurile, insbesondere Tetraacetylglykoluril (TAGU), N-Acylimide, insbesondere N-Nonanoylsuccinimid (NOSI), acylierte Phenolsulfonate, insbesondere n-Nonanoyl- oder Isononanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (n- bzw. iso-NOBS), Carbonsäureanhydride, insbesondere Phthalsäureanhydrid, acylierte mehrwertige Alkohole, insbesondere Triacetin, Ethylenglykoldiacetat und 2,5-Diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.Bleach activators are used in laundry detergents or cleaners, for example, to achieve an improved bleaching effect when cleaned at temperatures of 60 ° C and below. As bleach activators, it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are the O- and / or N-acyl groups of said carbon atom number and / or optionally bear substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxahexahydra-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5- diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.
Als Bleichaktivatoren können weiterhin Verbindungen, die unter Perhydrolysebedingungen aliphatische Peroxocarbonsäuren mit vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 C-Atomen, insbesondere 2 bis 4 C-Atomen, und/oder gegebenenfalls substituierte Perbenzoesäure ergeben, eingesetzt werden. Geeignet sind Substanzen, die O- und/oder N-Acylgruppen der genannten C-Atomzahl und/oder gegebenenfalls substituierte Benzoylgruppen tragen. Bevorzugt sind mehrfach acylierte Alkylendiamine, insbesondere Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), acylierte Triazinderivate, insbesondere 1,5-Diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexa-hydro-1,3,5-triazin (DADHT), acylierte Glykolurile, insbesondere Tetraacetylglykoluril (TAGU), N-Acy-limide, insbesondere N-Nonanoylsuccinimid (NOSI), acylierte Phenolsulfonate, insbesondere n-No-nanoyl- oder Isononanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (n- bzw. iso-NOBS), Carbonsäureanhydride, insbeson-dere Phthalsäureanhydrid, acylierte mehrwertige Alkohole, insbesondere Triacetin, Ethylenglykoldi-acetat, 2,5-Diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, n-Methyl-Morpholinium-Acetonitril-Methylsulfat (MMA) sowie acetyliertes Sorbitol und Mannitol beziehungsweise deren Mischungen (SORMAN), acylierte Zuckerderivate, insbesondere Pentaacetylglukose (PAG), Pentaacetylfruktose, Tetraacetylxylose und Octa-acetyllactose sowie acetyliertes, gegebenenfalls N-alkyliertes Glucamin und Gluconolacton, und/oder N-acylierte Lactame, beispielsweise N-Benzoylcaprolactam. Hydrophil substituierte Acylacetale und Acyliactame werden ebenfalls bevorzugt eingesetzt. Auch Kombinationen konventioneller Bleichakti-vatoren können eingesetzt werden.As bleach activators it is also possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexa-hydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acyl-limide, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, Ethylene glycol di-acetate, 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methylsulfate (MMA) and acetylated sorbitol and mannitol or mixtures thereof (SORMAN), acylated sugar derivatives, especially pentaacetylglucose (PAG), pentaacetyl-fructose , Tetraacetylxylose and octa-acetyllactose and acetylated, optionally N-alkylated glucamine and gluconolactone, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoylcaprolactam. Hydrophilic substituted acyl acetals and acyl lactams are also preferably used. Combinations of conventional bleach activators can also be used.
Sofern neben den optionalen Nitrilquats weitere Bleichaktivatoren eingesetzt werden sollen, werden bevorzugt Bleichaktivatoren aus der Gruppe der mehrfach acylierte Alkylendiamine, insbesondere Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), N-Acylimide, insbesondere N-Nonanoylsuccinimid (NOSI), acylierte Phenol-sulfonate, insbesondere n-Nonanoyl- oder Isononanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (n- bzw. iso-NOBS), n-Me-thyl-Morpholinium-Acetonitril-Methylsulfat (MMA), vorzugsweise in Mengen bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,1 Gew.-% bis 8 Gew.-%, besonders 2 bis 8 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt 2 bis 6 Gew.%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der bleichaktivatorhaltigen Mittel, eingesetzt.If, in addition to the optional nitrile quats, further bleach activators are to be used, preference is given to bleach activators from the group of the polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol-sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methylsulfate (MMA), preferably in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 8% by weight. %, particularly 2 to 8 wt .-% and particularly preferably 2 to 6 wt.%, Each based on the total weight of the bleach activator-containing agents used.
Zusätzlich zu den konventionellen Bleichaktivatoren oder an deren Stelle können auch sogenannte Bleichkatalysatoren eingesetzt werden. Bei diesen Stoffen handelt es sich um bleichverstärkende Übergangsmetallsalze bzw. Übergangsmetallkomplexe wie beispielsweise Mn-, Fe-, Co-, Ru - oder Mo-Salenkomplexe oder -carbonylkomplexe. Auch Mn-, Fe-, Co-, Ru-, Mo-, Ti-, V- und Cu-Komplexe mit N-haltigen Tripod-Liganden sowie Co-, Fe-, Cu- und Ru-Amminkomplexe sind als Bleichkatalysatoren verwendbar.In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, so-called bleach catalysts can also be used. These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes. Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
Bleichverstärkende Übergangsmetallkomplexe, insbesondere mit den Zentralatomen Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti und/oder Ru, bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Mangan und/oder Cobaltsalze und/oder -komplexe, besonders bevorzugt der Cobalt(ammin)-Komplexe, der Cobalt(acetat)-Kom-plexe, der Cobalt(Carbonyl)-Komplexe, der Chloride des Cobalts oderBleach-enhancing transition metal complexes, in particular having the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) Complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or
Zur Steigerung der Wasch-, beziehungsweise Reinigungsteistung von Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln sind Enzyme einsetzbar. Hierzu gehören insbesondere Proteasen, Amylasen, Lipasen, Hemicellulasen, Cellulasen oder Oxidoreduktasen, sowie vorzugsweise deren Gemische. Diese Enzyme sind im Prinzip natürlichen Ursprungs; ausgehend von den natürlichen Molekülen stehen für den Einsatz in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln verbesserte Varianten zur Verfügung, die entsprechend bevorzugt eingesetzt werden. Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel enthalten Enzyme vorzugsweise in Gesamtmengen von 1 x 10-6 bis 5 Gew.-% bezogen auf aktives Protein. Die Proteinkonzentration kann mit Hilfe bekannter Methoden, zum Beispiel dem BCA-Verfahren oder dem Biuret-Verfahren bestimmt werden.To increase the washing or cleaning performance of detergents or cleaning agents enzymes can be used. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically of natural origin; Starting from the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents and cleaners, which are preferably used accordingly. Detergents or cleaning agents contain enzymes preferably in total amounts of 1 × 10 -6 to 5 wt .-% based on active protein. The protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.
Weiterhin können Enzyme eingesetzt werden, die unter dem Begriff Hemicellulasen zusammengefaßt werden. Hierzu gehören beispielsweise Mannanasen, Xanthanlyasen, Pektinlyasen (=Pektinasen), Pektinesterasen, Pektatlyasen, Xyloglucanasen (=Xylanasen), Pullulanasen und β-Glucanasen.Furthermore, enzymes can be used, which are summarized by the term hemicellulases. These include, for example, mannanases, xanthan lyases, pectin lyases (= pectinases), pectin esterases, pectate lyases, xyloglucanases (= xylanases), pullulanases and β-glucanases.
Gamanase® und Pektinex AR® von der Firma Novozymes, unter dem Namen Rohapec® B1L von der Firma AB Enzymes und unter dem Namen Pyrolase® von der Firma Diversa Corp., San Diego, CA, USA erhältlich. Die aus B. subtilis gewonnene β-Glucanase ist unter dem Namen Cereflo® von der Firma Novozymes erhältlich.Available Gamanase ® and Pektinex AR ® from Novozymes, under the name Rohapec ® B1 from AB Enzymes and under the name Pyrolase® ® from Diversa Corp., San Diego, CA, United States. The obtained from B. subtilis β-glucanase is available under the name Cereflo ® from Novozymes.
Zur Erhöhung der bleichenden Wirkung können erfindungsgemäß Oxidoreduktasen, beispielsweise Oxidasen, Oxygenasen, Katalasen, Peroxidasen, wie Halo-, Chloro-, Bromo-, Lignin-, Glucose - oder Mangan-peroxidasen, Dioxygenasen oder Laccasen (Phenoloxidasen, Polyphenoloxidasen) eingesetzt werden. Als geeignete Handelsprodukte sind Denilite® 1 und 2 der Firma Novozymes zu nennen. Vorteilhafterweise werden zusätzlich vorzugsweise organische, besonders bevorzugt aromatische, mit den Enzymen wechselwirkende Verbindungen zugegeben, um die Aktivität der betreffenden Oxidoreduktasen zu verstärken (Enhancer) oder um bei stark unterschiedlichen Redoxpotentialen zwischen den oxidierenden Enzymen und den Anschmutzungen den Elektronenfluss zu gewährleisten (Mediatoren).Oxidoreductases, for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo, chloro, bromo, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) can be used according to the invention to increase the bleaching effect. Suitable commercial products Denilite® ® 1 and 2 from Novozymes should be mentioned. Advantageously, it is additionally preferred to add organic, particularly preferably aromatic, compounds which interact with the enzymes in order to enhance the activity of the relevant oxidoreductases (enhancers) or to ensure the flow of electrons (mediators) at greatly varying redox potentials between the oxidizing enzymes and the soils.
Die Enzyme stammen beispielsweise entweder ursprünglich aus Mikroorganismen; etwa der Gattungen Bacillus, Streptomyces, Humicola, oder Pseudomonas, und/oder werden nach an sich bekannten biotechnologischen Verfahren durch geeignete Mikroorganismen produziert, etwa durch transgene Expressionswirte der Gattungen Bacillus oder filamentöse Fungi.For example, the enzymes are either originally derived from microorganisms; about the genera Bacillus, Streptomyces, Humicola, or Pseudomonas, and / or are produced by known biotechnological methods by suitable microorganisms, such as transgenic expression hosts of the genera Bacillus or filamentous fungi.
Die Aufreinigung der betreffenden Enzyme erfolgt vorzugsweise über an sich etablierte Verfahren, beispielsweise über Ausfällung, Sedimentation, Konzentrierung, Filtration der flüssigen Phasen, Mikrofiltration, Ultrafiltration, Einwirken von Chemikalien, Desodorierung oder geeignete Kombinationen dieser Schritte.The purification of the relevant enzymes is preferably carried out by conventional methods, for example by precipitation, sedimentation, concentration, filtration of the liquid phases, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, exposure to chemicals, deodorization or suitable combinations of these steps.
Die Enzyme können in jeder nach dem Stand der Technik etablierten Form eingesetzt werden. Hierzu gehören beispielsweise die durch Granulation, Extrusion oder Lyophilisierung erhaltenen festen Präparationen oder, insbesondere bei flüssigen oder gelförmigen Mitteln, Lösungen der Enzyme, vorteilhafterweise möglichst konzentriert, wasserarm und/oder mit Stabilisatoren versetzt.The enzymes can be used in any form known in the art. These include, for example, the solid preparations obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization or, especially in the case of liquid or gel-form detergents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, sparing in water and / or added with stabilizers.
Alternativ können die Enzyme sowohl für die feste als auch für die flüssige Darreichungsform verkapselt werden, beispielsweise durch Sprühtrocknung oder Extrusion der Enzymlösung zusammen mit einem vorzugsweise natürlichen Polymer oder in Form von Kapseln, beispielsweise solchen, bei denen die Enzyme wie in einem erstarrten Gel eingeschlossen sind oder in solchen vom Kern-Schale-Typ, bei dem ein enzymhaltiger Kern mit einer Wasser-, Luft- und/oder Chemikalienundurchlässigen Schutzschicht überzogen ist. In aufgelagerten Schichten können zusätzlich weitere Wirkstoffe, beispielsweise Stabilisatoren, Emulgatoren, Pigmente, Bleich- oder Farbstoffe aufgebracht werden. Derartige Kapseln werden nach an sich bekannten Methoden, beispielsweise durch Schüttel- oder Roll-granulation oder in Fluid-bed-Prozessen aufgebracht. Vorteilhafterweise sind derartige Granulate, beispielsweise durch Aufbringen polymerer Filmbildner, staubarm und aufgrund der Beschichtung lagerstabil.Alternatively, the enzymes may be encapsulated for both the solid and liquid dosage forms, for example by spray-drying or extruding the enzyme solution together with a preferably natural polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped as in a solidified gel or in those of the core-shell type, in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water, air and / or chemical impermeable protective layer. In deposited layers, further active ingredients, for example stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaches or dyes, may additionally be applied. Such capsules are applied by methods known per se, for example by shaking or rolling granulation or in fluid-bed processes. advantageously, are such granules, for example, by applying polymeric film-forming, low-dust and storage stable due to the coating.
Weiterhin ist es möglich, zwei oder mehrere Enzyme zusammen zu konfektionieren, so dass ein einzelnes Granulat mehrere Enzymaktivitäten aufweist.Furthermore, it is possible to assemble two or more enzymes together so that a single granule has several enzyme activities.
Ein Protein und/oder Enzym kann besonders während der Lagerung gegen Schädigungen wie beispielsweise Inaktivierung, Denaturierung oder Zerfall etwa durch physikalische Einflüsse, Oxidation oder proteolytische Spaltung geschützt werden. Bei mikrobieller Gewinnung der Proteine und/oder Enzyme ist eine Inhibierung der Proteolyse besonders bevorzugt, insbesondere wenn auch die Mittel Proteasen enthalten. Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel können zu diesem Zweck Stabilisatoren enthalten; die Bereitstellung derartiger Mittel stellt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung dar.A protein and / or enzyme may be particularly protected during storage against damage such as inactivation, denaturation or degradation, such as by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage. In microbial recovery of proteins and / or enzymes, inhibition of proteolysis is particularly preferred, especially if the agents also contain proteases. Detergents may contain stabilizers for this purpose; the provision of such means constitutes a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Eine Gruppe von Stabilisatoren sind reversible Proteaseinhibitoren. Häufig werden Benzamidin-Hydro-chlorid, Borax, Borsäuren, Boronsäuren oder deren Salze oder Ester verwendet, darunter vor allem Derivate mit aromatischen Gruppen, etwa ortho-substituierte, meta-substituierte und para-substituierte Phenylboronsäuren, beziehungsweise deren Salze oder Ester. Als peptidische Proteaseinhibitoren sind unter anderem Ovomucoid und Leupeptin zu erwähnen; eine zusätzliche Option ist die Bildung von Fusionsproteinen aus Proteasen und Peptid-Inhibitoren.One group of stabilizers are reversible protease inhibitors. Frequently, benzamidine hydrochloride, borax, boric acids, boronic acids or their salts or esters are used, including, in particular, derivatives with aromatic groups, for example ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and para-substituted phenylboronic acids, or their salts or esters. As peptidic protease inhibitors are, inter alia, ovomucoid and leupeptin to mention; An additional option is the formation of fusion proteins from proteases and peptide inhibitors.
Weitere Enzymstabilisatoren sind Aminoalkohole wie Mono-, Di-, Triethanol- und -Propanolamin und deren Mischungen, aliphatische Carbonsäuren bis zu C12, wie Bernsteinsäure, andere Dicarbonsäuren oder Salze der genannten Säuren. Auch endgruppenverschlossene Fettsäureamidalkoxylate sind geeignet. Bestimmte als Builder eingesetzte organische Säuren vermögen zusätzlich ein enthaltenes Enzym zu stabilisieren.Other enzyme stabilizers are amino alcohols such as mono-, di-, triethanol- and -propanolamine and mixtures thereof, aliphatic carboxylic acids up to C 12 , such as succinic acid, other dicarboxylic acids or salts of said acids. End-capped fatty acid amide alkoxylates are also suitable. Certain organic acids used as builders are additionally capable of stabilizing a contained enzyme.
Niedere aliphatische Alkohole, vor allem aber Polyole, wie beispielsweise Glycerin, Ethylenglykol, Pro-pylenglykol oder Sorbit sind weitere häufig eingesetzte Enzymstabilisatoren. Ebenso werden Calciumsalze verwendet, wie beispielsweise Calcium-Acetat oder Calcium-Formiat, und Magnesiumsalze.Lower aliphatic alcohols, but especially polyols, such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or sorbitol are other frequently used enzyme stabilizers. Also used are calcium salts, such as calcium acetate or calcium formate, and magnesium salts.
Polyamid-Oligomere oder polymere Verbindungen wie Lignin, wasserlösliche Vinyl-Copolymere oder Cellulose-Ether, Acryl-Polymere und/oder Polyamide stabilisieren die Enzym-Präparation unter anderem gegenüber physikalischen Einflüssen oder pH-Wert-Schwankungen. Polyamin-N-Oxid-enthalten-de Polymere wirken als Enzymstabilisatoren. Andere polymere Stabilisatoren sind die linearen C8-C18 Polyoxyalkylene. Alkylpolyglycoside können die enzymatischen Komponenten stabilisieren und sogar in ihrer Leistung steigern. Vernetzte N-haltige Verbindungen wirken ebenfalls als Enzym-Stabilisatoren.Polyamide oligomers or polymeric compounds such as lignin, water-soluble vinyl copolymers or cellulose ethers, acrylic polymers and / or polyamides stabilize the enzyme preparation, inter alia, against physical influences or pH fluctuations. Polyamine N-oxide-containing polymers act as enzyme stabilizers. Other polymeric stabilizers are the linear C 8 -C 18 polyoxyalkylenes. Alkyl polyglycosides can stabilize the enzymatic components and even increase their performance. Crosslinked N-containing compounds also act as enzyme stabilizers.
Reduktionsmittel und Antioxidantien erhöhen die Stabilität der Enzyme gegenüber oxidativem Zerfall. Ein schwefelhaltiges Reduktionsmittel ist beispielsweise Natrium-Sulfit.Reducing agents and antioxidants increase the stability of the enzymes to oxidative degradation. A sulfur-containing reducing agent is, for example, sodium sulfite.
Bevorzugt werden Kombinatonen von Stabilisatoren verwendet, beispielsweise aus Polyolen, Borsäure und/oder Borax, die Kombination von Borsäure oder Borat, reduzierenden Salzen und Bernsteinsäure oder anderen Dicarbonsäuren oder die Kombination von Borsäure oder Borat mit Polyolen oder Polyaminoverbindungen und mit reduzierenden Salzen. Die Wirkung von Peptid-Aldehyd-Stabilisatoren wird durch die Kombination mit Borsäure und/oder Borsäurederivaten und Polyolen gesteigert und durch die zusätzliche Verwendung von zweiwertigen Kationen, wie zum Beispiel Calcium-lonen weiter verstärkt.Preferably, combinatons of stabilizers are used, for example of polyols, boric acid and / or borax, the combination of boric acid or borate, reducing salts and succinic acid or other dicarboxylic acids or the combination of boric acid or borate with polyols or polyamino compounds and with reducing salts. The effect of peptide-aldehyde stabilizers is enhanced by the combination with boric acid and / or boric acid derivatives and polyols and further enhanced by the additional use of divalent cations, such as calcium ions.
Bevorzugt werden ein oder mehrere Enzyme und/oder Enzymzubereitungen, vorzugsweise feste Protease-Zubereitungen und/oder Amylase-Zubereitungen, in Mengen von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 0,2 bis 4,5 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 0,4 bis 4 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das gesamte.enzymhaltige Mittel, eingesetzt:Preferred are one or more enzymes and / or enzyme preparations, preferably solid protease preparations and / or amylase preparations, in amounts of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably from 0.2 to 4.5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.4 to 4% by weight, in each case based on the total of the enzyme-containing agent:
Um den Zerfall von Feststoffen zu erleichtern, ist es möglich, Desintegrationshilfsmittel, sogenannte Tablettensprengmittel, in diese Mittel einzuarbeiten, um die Zerfallszeiten zu verkürzen. Unter Tablettensprengmitteln bzw. Zerfallsbeschleunigern werden gemäß
Diese Stoffe, die auch aufgrund ihrer Wirkung als "Spreng"mittel bezeichnet werden, vergrößern bei Wasserzutritt ihr Volumen, wobei einerseits das Eigenvolumen vergrößert (Quellung), andererseits auch über die Freisetzung von Gasen ein Druck erzeugt werden kann, der die Tablette in kleinere Partikel zerfallen lässt. Altbekannte Desintegrationshilfsmittel sind beispielsweise Carbonat/Citronen-säure-Systeme, wobei auch andere organische Säuren eingesetzt werden können. Quellende Desintegrationshilfsmittel sind beispielsweise synthetische Polymere wie Polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP) oder natürliche Polymere bzw. modifizierte Naturstoffe wie Cellulose und Stärke und ihre Derivate, Alginate oder Casein-Derivate.These substances, which are also referred to as "explosives" due to their effect, increase their volume upon ingress of water, on the one hand increasing the intrinsic volume (swelling), and on the other hand creating a pressure via the release of gases which can break the tablet into smaller particles disintegrates. Known disintegration aids are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, although other organic acids can also be used. Swelling disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.
Bevorzugt können Desintegrationshilfsmittel in Mengen von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 3 bis 7 Gew.-% und insbesondere 4 bis 6 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des desintegrationshilfsmittelhaltigen Mittels, eingesetzt werden.Desintegration aids may preferably be used in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the disintegration assistant-containing agent.
Als bevorzugte Desintegrationsmittel werden Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis eingesetzt, so dass bevorzugte Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel ein solches Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis in Mengen von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 3 bis 7 Gew.-% und insbesondere 4 bis 6 Gew.% enthalten. Reine Cellulose weist die formale Bruttozusammensetzung (C6H10O5)n auf und stellt formal betrachtet ein β-1,4-Polyacetal von Cellobiose dar, die ihrerseits aus zwei Molekülen Glucose aufgebaut ist. Geeignete Cellulosen bestehen dabei aus ca. 500 bis 5000 Glucose-Einheiten und haben demzufolge durchschnittliche Molmassen von 50.000 bis 500.000. Als Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis verwendbar sind im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung auch Cellulose-Derivate, die durch polymeranaloge Reaktionen aus Cellulose erhältlich sind. Solche chemisch modifizierten Cellulosen umfassen dabei beispielsweise Produkte aus Veresterungen bzw. Veretherungen, in denen Hydroxy-Wasserstoffatome substituiert wurden. Aber auch Cellulosen, in denen die Hydroxy-Gruppen gegen funktionelle Gruppen, die nicht über ein Sauerstoffatom gebunden sind, ersetzt wurden, lassen sich als Cellulose-Derivate einsetzen. In die Gruppe der Cellulose-Derivate fallen beispielsweise Alkalicellulosen, Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Celluloseester und -ether sowie Aminocellulosen. Die genannten Cellulosederivate werden vorzugsweise nicht allein als Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis eingesetzt, sondern in Mischung mit Cellulose verwendet. Der Gehalt dieser Mischungen an Cellulosederivaten beträgt vorzugsweise unterhalb 50 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt unterhalb 20 Ges.-%, bezogen auf das Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis. Besonders bevorzugt wird als Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis reine Cellulose eingesetzt, die frei von Cellulosederivaten ist.Disintegrating agents based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrating agents, so that preferred washing and cleaning agents comprise such a disintegrating agent Cellulose base in amounts of 0.5 to 10 wt.%, Preferably 3 to 7 wt .-% and in particular 4 to 6 wt.% Contain. Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and is formally a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is composed of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5000 glucose units and therefore have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrating agents which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives obtainable by polymer-analogous reactions of cellulose. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. Celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bonded via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali metal celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses. The cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as disintegrating agents based on cellulose, but used in admixture with cellulose. The content of these mixtures of cellulose derivatives is preferably below 50% by weight, more preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegration agent. It is particularly preferred to use cellulose-based disintegrating agent which is free of cellulose derivatives.
Die als Desintegrationshilfsmittel einsetzbare Cellulose wird vorzugsweise nicht in feinteiliger Form eingesetzt, sondern vor dem Zumischen zu den zu verpressenden Vorgemischen in eine gröbere Form überführt, beispielsweise granuliert oder kompaktiert. Die Teilchengrößen solcher Desintegrationsmittel liegen zumeist oberhalb 200 µm, vorzugsweise zu mindestens 90 Gew.-% zwischen 300 und 1600 µm und insbesondere zu mindestens 90 Gew.-% zwischen 400 und 1200 µm. Die vorstehend genannten und in den zitierten Schriften näher beschriebenen gröberen Desintegrationshilfsmittel auf Cellulosebasis sind im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung bevorzugt als Desintegrationshilfsmittel einzusetzen und im Handel beispielsweise unter der Bezeichnung Arbocel® TF-30-HG von der Firma Rettenmaier erhältlich.The cellulose which can be used as a disintegration aid is preferably not used in finely divided form, but is converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before it is added to the premixes to be tabletted. The particle sizes of such disintegrating agents are usually above 200 .mu.m, preferably at least 90 wt .-% between 300 and 1600 .mu.m and in particular at least 90 wt .-% between 400 and 1200 microns. The above and described in more detail in the documents cited coarser disintegration aids, are preferred in the present invention as disintegration aids and are commercially available, for example under the name of Arbocel ® TF-30-HG from Rettenmaier.
Als weiteres Desintegrationsmittel auf Cellulosebasis oder als Bestandteil dieser Komponente kann mikrokristalline Cellulose eingesetzt werden. Diese mikrokristalline Cellulose wird durch partielle Hydrolyse von Cellulosen unter solchen Bedingungen erhalten, die nur die amorphen Bereiche (ca. 30% der Gesamt-Cellulosemasse) der Cellulosen angreifen und vollständig auflösen, die kristallinen Bereiche (ca. 70%) aber unbeschadet lassen. Eine nachfolgende Desaggregation der durch die Hydrolyse entstehenden mikrofeinen Cellulosen liefert die mikrokristallinen Cellulosen, die Primärteilchengrößen von ca. 5 µm aufweisen und beispielsweise zu Granulaten mit einer mittleren Teilchengröße von 200 µm kompaktierbar sind.As a further disintegrating agent based on cellulose or as a component of this component microcrystalline cellulose can be used. This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which attack and completely dissolve only the amorphous regions (about 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, leaving the crystalline regions (about 70%) intact. Subsequent deaggregation of the microfine celluloses produced by the hydrolysis yields the microcrystalline celluloses which have primary particle sizes of about 5 μm and can be compacted, for example, into granules having an average particle size of 200 μm.
Bevorzugte Desintegrationshilfsmittel, vorzugsweise ein Desintegrationshilfsmittel auf Cellulosebasis, vorzugsweise in granularer, cogranulierter oder kompaktierter Form, können in desintegrationsmittelhaltigen Mitteln in Mengen von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 3 bis 7 Gew.-% und insbesondere von 4 bis 6 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des desintegrationsmittelhaltigen Mittels, enthalten sein.Preferred disintegration aids, preferably a disintegration aid based on cellulose, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, can be used in disintegrating agents in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6 Wt .-%, in each case based on the total weight of the disintegrating agent-containing agent to be included.
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt können darüber hinaus weiterhin gasentwickelnde Brausesysteme als Tablettendesintegrationshilfsmittel eingesetzt werden. Das gasentwickelnde Brausesystem kann aus einer einzigen Substanz bestehen, die bei Kontakt mit Wasser ein Gas freisetzt. Unter diesen Verbindungen ist insbesondere das Magnesiumperoxid zu nennen, das bei Kontakt mit Wasser Sauerstoff freisetzt. Üblicherweise besteht das gasfreisetzende Sprudelsystem jedoch seinerseits aus mindestens zwei Bestandteilen, die miteinander unter Gasbildung reagieren. Während hier eine Vielzahl von Systemen denk- und ausführbar ist, die beispielsweise Stickstoff, Sauerstoff oder Wasserstoff freisetzen, wird sich das in den Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel eingesetzte Sprudelsystem sowohl anhand ökonomischer als auch anhand ökologischer Gesichtspunkte auswählen lassen.. Bevorzugte Brausesysteme bestehen aus Alkalimetalicarbonat und/oder - hydrogencarbonat sowie einem Acidifizierungsmittel, das geeignet ist, aus den Alkalimetallsalzen in wässrige Lösung Kohlendioxid freizusetzen.Furthermore, according to the invention, gas-evolving effervescent systems can furthermore be used as tablet disintegration auxiliaries. The gas-evolving effervescent system may consist of a single substance that releases a gas upon contact with water. Among these compounds, mention should be made in particular of magnesium peroxide, which liberates oxygen on contact with water. Usually, however, the gas-releasing effervescent system in turn consists of at least two constituents which react with one another to form gas. While here a variety of systems is thinkable and executable that release, for example, nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen, the bubbling system used in detergents and cleaners can be selected both on the basis of economic as well as ecological considerations .. Preferred effervescent systems consist of alkali metal carbonate and or - bicarbonate and an acidifying agent which is suitable for releasing carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution.
Bei den Alkalimetallcarbonaten bzw. -hydrogencarbonaten sind die Natrium- und Kaliumsalze aus Kostengründen gegenüber den anderen Salzen deutlich bevorzugt. Selbstverständlich müssen nicht die betreffenden reinen Alkalimetallcarbonate bzw. -hydrogencarbonate eingesetzt werden; vielmehr können Gemische unterschiedlicher Carbonate und Hydrogencarbonate bevorzugt sein.In the case of the alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates, the sodium and potassium salts are clearly preferred over the other salts for reasons of cost. Of course, the relevant pure alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates do not have to be used; Rather, mixtures of different carbonates and bicarbonates may be preferred.
Bevorzugt werden als optionales Brausesystem 2 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 3 bis 15 Gew.-% und insbesondere 5 bis 10 Gew.-% eines Alkalimetallcarbonats oder -hydrogencarbonats sowie 1 bis 15, vorzugsweise 2 bis 12 Gew.-% und insbesondere 3 bis 10 Gew.-% eines Acidifizierungsmittels, jeweils bezogen das Gesamtgewicht des Mittels, eingesetzt.2 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 3 to 15 wt .-% and in particular 5 to 10 wt .-% of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate and 1 to 15, preferably 2 to 12 wt .-% and in particular are preferred as an optional effervescent system 3 to 10 wt .-% of an acidifying agent, each based on the total weight of the agent used.
Als Acidifizierungsmittel, die aus den Alkalisalzen in wäßriger Lösung Kohlendioxid freisetzen, sind beispielsweise Borsäure sowie Alkalimetallhydrogensulfate, Alkalimetalldihydrogenphosphate und andere anorganische Salze einsetzbar. Bevorzugt werden allerdings organische Acidifizierungsmittel verwendet, wobei die Citronensäure ein besonders bevorzugtes Acidifizierungsmittel ist. Einsetzbar sind aber auch insbesondere die anderen festen Mono-, Oligo - und Polycarbonsäuren. Aus dieser Gruppe wiederum bevorzugt sind Weinsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Malonsäure, Adipinsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure, Oxalsäure sowie Polyacrylsäure. Organische Sulfonsäuren wie Amidosulfonsäure sind ebenfalls einsetzbar. Kommerziell erhältlich und als Acidifizierungsmittel im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ebenfalls bevorzugt einsetzbar ist Sokalan® DCS (Warenzeichen der BASF), ein Gemisch aus Bernsteinsäure (max. 31 Gew.-%), Glutarsäure (max. 50 Gew.-%) und Adipinsäure (max. 33 Gew.-%).Acidifying agents which release carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution include, for example, boric acid and alkali metal hydrogen sulfates, alkali metal dihydrogen phosphates and other inorganic salts. However, preference is given to using organic acidifying agents, the citric acid being a particularly preferred acidifying agent. However, it is also possible in particular to use the other solid mono-, oligo - and polycarboxylic acids. Tartaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid and polyacrylic acid are again preferred from this group. Organic sulfonic acids such as sulfamic acid are also usable. Commercially available and also preferably usable as Acidifizierungsmittel in the context of the present invention Sokalan ® DCS (trademark of BASF), a mixture of succinic acid (max. 31 wt .-%), glutaric acid (max. 50 wt .-%) and adipic acid (max. 33 wt .-%).
Bevorzugt sind Acidifizierungsmittel im Brausesystem aus der Gruppe der organischen Di-, Tri- und Oligocarbonsäuren bzw. Gemische.Acidifying agents in the effervescent system from the group of organic di-, tri- and oligocarboxylic acids or mixtures are preferred.
Bevorzugte Farbstoffe, deren Auswahl dem Fachmann keinerlei Schwierigkeit bereitet, besitzen eine hohe Lagerstabilität und Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber den übrigen Inhaltsstoffen der Mittel und gegen Licht sowie keine ausgeprägte Substantivität gegenüber den mit den farbstoffhaltigen Mitteln zu behandelnden Substraten wie beispielsweise Textilien, Glas, Keramik oder Kunststoffgeschirr, um diese nicht anzufärben.Preferred dyes, the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and to light and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the dye-containing agents such as textiles, glass, ceramics or plastic dishes do not stain them.
Bei der Wahl des Färbemittels muss beachtet werden, dass die Färbemittel im Falle von Textilwaschmitteln keine zu starke Affinität gegenüber textilen Oberflächen und hier insbesondere gegenüber Kunstfasern aufweisen, während im Falle von Reinigungsmitteln eine zu starke Affinität gegenüber Glas, Keramik oder Kunststoffgeschirr vermieden werden muss. Gleichzeitig ist auch bei der Wahl geeigneter Färbemittel zu berücksichtigen, dass Färbemittel unterschiedliche Stabilitäten gegenüber der Oxidation aufweisen. Im allgemeinen gilt, dass wasserunlösliche Färbemittel gegen Oxidation stabiler sind als wasserlösliche Färbemittel. Abhängig von der Löslichkeit und damit auch von der Oxidationsempfindlichkeit variiert die Konzentration des Färbemittels in den Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln. Bei gut wasserlöslichen Färbemitteln, z.B. dem oben genannten Basacid® Grün oder dem gleichfalls oben genannten Sandolan® Blau, werden typischerweise Färbemittel-Konzentrationen im Bereich von einigen 10-2 bis 10-3 Gew.-% gewählt. Bei den auf Grund ihrer Brillanz insbesondere bevorzugten, allerdings weniger gut wasserlöslichen Pigmentfarbstoffen, z.B. den oben genannten Pigmosol®-Farbstoffen, liegt die geeignete Konzentration des Färbemittels in Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln dagegen typischerweise bei einigen 10-3 bis 10-4 Gew.-%.When choosing the colorant, it must be taken into account that in the case of textile detergents, the colorants do not have too high an affinity for textile surfaces and, in particular, for synthetic fibers, whereas in the case of detergents an excessive affinity for glass, ceramic or plasticware must be avoided. At the same time, it should also be taken into account when choosing suitable colorants that colorants have different stabilities to the oxidation. In general, water-insoluble colorants are more stable to oxidation than water-soluble colorants. Depending on the solubility and thus also on the sensitivity to oxidation, the concentration of the colorant in the detergents or cleaners varies. For highly soluble colorants, such as the Basacid Green ® above or also above Sandolan Blue ®, dye concentrations in the range of a few 10 -2 to 10 -3 wt .-% are typically chosen. In the due to their brilliance, particularly preferred, but are less readily water-soluble pigment dyes, for example the Pigmosol ® ATTO-dyes mentioned above, the appropriate concentration of the colorant is in washing or cleaning agents, however, typically a few 10 -3 to 10 -4 wt .-% ,
Es werden Färbemittel bevorzugt, die im Waschprozeß oxidativ zerstört werden können sowie Mischungen derselben mit geeigneten blauen Farbstoffen, sog. Blautönern. Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen Färbemittel einzusetzen, die in Wasser oder bei Raumtemperatur in flüssigen organischen Substanzen löslich sind. Geeignet sind beispielsweise anionische Färbemittel, z.B. anionische Nitrosofarbstoffe. Ein mögliches Färbemittel ist beispielsweise Naphtholgrün (Colour Index (Cl) Teil 1: Acid Green 1; Teil 2: 10020), das als Handelsprodukt beispielsweise als Basacid® Grün 970 von der Fa. BASF, Ludwigshafen, erhältlich ist, sowie Mischungen dieser mit geeigneten blauen Farbstoffen. Als weitere Färbemittel kommen Pigmosol® Blau 6900 (Cl 74160), Pigmosol® Grün 8730 (Cl 74260), Basonyl® Rot 545 FL (Cl 45170), Sandolan® Rhodamin EB400 (Cl 45100), Basacid® Gelb 094 (Cl 47005), Sicovit® Patentblau 85 E 131 (Cl 42051), Acid Blue 183 (CAS 12217-22-0, Cl Acidblue 183), Pigment Blue 15 (CI 74160), Supranol® Blau GLW (CAS 12219-32-Zusätzlich zu den bisher ausführlich beschriebenen, vorzugsweise einsetzbaren Komponenten können die Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel auch weitere Inhaltsstoffe enthalten, welche die anwendungstechnischen und/oder ästhetischen Eigenschaften dieser Mittel weiter verbessern. Bevorzugte Mittel enthalten einen oder mehrere Stoffe aus der Gruppe der Elektrolyte, pH-Stellmittel, Fluoreszenzmittel, Hydrotope, Schauminhibitoren, Silikonöle, Antiredepositionsmittel, optische Aufheller, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Einlaufverhinderer, Knitterschutzmittel, Farbübertragungsinhibitoren, antimikrobiellen Wirkstoffen, Germizide, Fungizide, Antioxidantien, Antistatika, Bügelhilfsmittel, Phobier- und Imprägniermittel, Quell- und Schiebefestmittel sowie UV-Absorber. der Technik bekannten Polymere der Phthalsäure und/oder Terephthalsäure bzw. von deren Derivaten, insbesondere Polymere aus Ethylenterephthalaten und/oder Polyethylenglycolterephthalaten oder anionisch und/oder nichtionisch modifizierten Derivaten von diesen. Insbesondere bevorzugt von diesen sind die sulfonierten Derivate der Phthalsäure- und Terephthalsäure-Polymere.Dyeing agents which can be oxidatively destroyed in the washing process and mixtures thereof with suitable blue dyes, so-called blue toners, are preferred. It has proved to be advantageous to use colorants which are soluble in water or at room temperature in liquid organic substances. Suitable examples are anionic colorants, for example anionic nitrosofarbstoffe. One possible dye is, for example, naphthol green (Color Index (CI) Part 1: Acid Green 1; Part 2: 10020), which as a commercial product ® for example as Basacid Green 970 from BASF, Ludwigshafen, is, as well as mixtures thereof with suitable. blue dyes. Further suitable colorants Pigmosol come ® Blue 6900 (CI 74160), Pigmosol ® Green 8730 (CI 74260), Basonyl ® Red 545 FL (CI 45170), Sandolan® ® rhodamine EB400 (CI 45100), Basacid® ® Yellow 094 (CI 47005) Sicovit ® Patentblau 85 e 131 (CI 42051), Acid Blue 183 (CAS 12217-22-0, Cl Acidblue 183), pigment Blue 15 (CI 74160), Supranol Blue ® GLW (CAS 12219-32-addition In addition to the components which have been described in detail and which can preferably be used, the detergents and cleaners can also contain further ingredients which further improve the performance and / or aesthetic properties of these compositions. Preferred agents contain one or more of the group of electrolytes, pH adjusters, fluorescers, hydrotopes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti redeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-shrinkage agents, anti-crease agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, antistatic agents, ironing aids , Phobic and impregnating agents, swelling and anti-slip agents and UV absorbers. known polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or derivatives thereof, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives thereof. Especially preferred of these are the sulfonated derivatives of the phthalic and terephthalic acid polymers.
Optische Aufheller (so genannte "Weißtöner") können den Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln zugesetzt werden, um Vergrauungen und Vergilbungen der behandelten Textilien zu beseitigen. Diese Stoffe ziehen auf die Faser auf und bewirken eine Aufhellung und vorgetäuschte Bleichwirkung, indem sie unsichtbare Ultraviolettstrahlung in sichtbares längerwelliges Licht umwandeln, wobei das aus dem Sonnenlicht absorbierte ultraviolette Licht als schwach bläuliche Fluoreszenz abgestrahlt wird und mit dem Gelbton der vergrauten bzw. vergilbten Wäsche reines Weiß ergibt. Geeignete Verbindungen stammen beispielsweise aus den Substanzklassen der 4,4'-Diamino-2,2'-stilbendisulfonsäuren (Flavonsäuren), 4,4'-Distyryl-biphenylen, Methylumbelliferone, Cumarine, Dihydrochinolinone, 1,3-Diaryl-pyrazoline, Naphthalsäureimide, Benzoxazol-, Benzisoxazol- und Benzimidazol-Systeme sowie der durch Heterocyclen substituierten Pyrenderivate.Optical brighteners (so-called "whiteners") can be added to the detergents or cleaning agents to eliminate graying and yellowing of the treated textiles. These fabrics impinge on the fiber and cause whitening and bleaching by transforming invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible longer wavelength light, emitting the ultraviolet light absorbed from the sunlight as faint bluish fluorescence, and pure with the yellowness of the grayed or yellowed wash White results. Suitable compounds are derived, for example, from the substance classes of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diaryl-pyrazolines, naphthalimides, Benzoxazole, benzisoxazole and benzimidazole systems and substituted by heterocycles pyrene derivatives.
Vergrauungsinhibitoren haben die Aufgabe, den von der Faser abgelösten Schmutz in der Flotte suspendiert zu halten und so das Wiederaufziehen des Schmutzes zu verhindern. Hierzu sind wasserlösliche Kolloide meist organischer Natur geeignet, beispielsweise die wasserlöslichen Salze polymerer Carbonsäuren, Leim, Gelatine, Salze von Ethersulfonsäuren der Stärke oder der Cellulose oder Salze von sauren Schwefelsäureestern der Cellulose oder der Stärke. Auch wasserlösliche, saure Gruppen enthaltende Polyamide sind für diesen Zweck geeignet. Weiterhin lassen sich lösliche Stärkepräparate und andere als die obengenannten Stärkeprodukte verwenden, z.B. abgebaute Stärke, Aldehydstärken usw. Auch Polyvinylpyrrolidon ist brauchbar. Als Vergrauungsinhibitoren einsetzbar sind weiterhin Celluloseether wie Carboxymethylcellulose (Na-Salz), Methylcellulose, Hydroxyalkylcellulose und Mischether wie Methylhydroxyethylcellulose, Methylhydroxypropylcellulose, Methylcarboxy-methyl-cellulose und deren Gemische.Grayness inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing the dirt from being rebuilt. Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this purpose, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether sulfonic acids or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch. Also, water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are suitable for this purpose. Furthermore, soluble starch preparations and other than the above-mentioned starch products can be used, e.g. degraded starch, aldehyde levels, etc. Also polyvinylpyrrolidone is useful. Also usable as graying inhibitors are cellulose ethers, such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof.
Da textile Flächengebilde, insbesondere aus Reyon, Zellwolle, Baumwolle und deren Mischungen, zum Knittern neigen können, weil die Einzelfasern gegen Durchbiegen, Knicken, Pressen und Quetschen quer zur Faserrichtung empfindlich sind, können synthetische Knitterschutzmittel eingesetzt werden. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise synthetische Produkte auf der Basis von Fettsäuren, Fettsäureestern, Fettsäureamiden, -alkylolestern, -alkylolamiden oder Fettalkoholen, die meist mit Ethylenoxid umgesetzt sind, oder Produkte auf der Basis von Lecithin oder modifizierter Phosphorsäureester.Since textile fabrics, in particular of rayon, rayon, cotton and their mixtures, can tend to wrinkle because the individual fibers are sensitive to bending, buckling, pressing and crushing transversely to the fiber direction, synthetic anti-crease agents can be used. These include, for example, synthetic products based on fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, alkylol esters, -alkylolamides or fatty alcohols, which are usually reacted with ethylene oxide, or products based on lecithin or modified phosphoric acid ester.
Phobier- und Imprägnierverfahren dienen der Ausrüstung von Textilien mit Substanzen, welche die Ablagerung von Schmutz verhindern oder dessen Auswaschbarkeit erleichtern. Bevorzugte Phobier- und Imprägniermittel sind perfluorierte Fettsäuren, auch in Form ihrer Aluminium- u. Zirconiumsalze, organische Silikate, Silikone, Polyacrylsäureester mit perfluorierter AlkoholKomponente oder mit perfluoriertem Acyl- oder Sulfonyl-Rest gekoppelte, polymerisierbare Verbindungen. Auch Antistatika können enthalten sein. Die schmutzabweisende Ausrüstung mit Phobier- und Imprägniermitteln wird oft als eine Pflegeleicht-Ausrüstung eingestuft. Das Eindringen der Imprägniermittel in Form von Lösungen oder Emulsionen der betreffenden Wirkstoffe kann durch Zugabe von Netzmitteln erleichtert werden, die die Oberflächenspannung herabsetzen. Ein weiteres Einsatzgebiet von Phobier- und Imprägniermitteln ist die wasserabweisende Ausrüstung von Textilwaren, Zelten, Planen, Leder usw., bei der im Gegensatz zum Wasserdichtmachen die Gewebeporen nicht verschlossen werden, der Stoff also atmungsaktiv bleibt (Hydrophobieren). Die zum Hydrophobieren verwendeten Hydrophobiermittel überziehen Textilien, Leder, Papier, Holz usw. mit einer sehr dünnen Schicht hydrophober Gruppen, wie längere Alkyl-Ketten oder SiloxanGruppen. Geeignete Hydrophobiermittel sind z.B. Paraffine, Wachse, Metallseifen usw. mit Zusätzen an Aluminium- oder Zirconium-Salzen, quartäre Ammonium-Verbindungen mit langkettigen Alkyl-Resten, Harnstoff-Derivate, Fettsäure-modifizierte Melaminharze, Chrom-Komplexsalze, Silikone, Zinn-organische Verbindungen und Glutardialdehyd sowie perfluorierte Verbindungen. Die hydrophobierten Materialien fühlen sich nicht fettig an; dennoch perlen - ähnlich wie an gefetteten Stoffen - Wassertropfen an ihnen ab, ohne zu benetzen. So haben z.B. Silikon-imprägnierte Textilien einen weichen Griff und sind wasser- und schmutzabweisend; Flecke aus Tinte, Wein, Fruchtsäften und dergleichen sind leichter zu entfernen.Phobic and impregnation processes are used to furnish textiles with substances that prevent the deposition of dirt or facilitate its leaching ability. Preferred repellents and impregnating agents are perfluorinated fatty acids, also in the form of their aluminum u. Zirconium salts, organic silicates, silicones, polyacrylic acid esters with perfluorinated alcohol component or polymerizable compounds coupled with perfluorinated acyl or sulfonyl radical. Antistatic agents may also be included. The antisoiling equipment with repellents and impregnating agents is often classified as an easy-care finish. The penetration of the impregnating agent in the form of solutions or emulsions of the active substances in question can be facilitated by adding wetting agents which reduce the surface tension. A further field of application of repellents and impregnating agents is the water-repellent finish of textiles, tents, tarpaulins, leather, etc., in which, in contrast to waterproofing, the fabric pores are not closed, so the fabric remains breathable (hydrophobing). The water repellents used for hydrophobizing coat textiles, leather, paper, wood, etc. with a very thin layer of hydrophobic groups, such as longer alkyl chains or siloxane groups. Suitable hydrophobizing agents are e.g. Paraffins, waxes, metal soaps, etc. with additions of aluminum or zirconium salts, quaternary ammonium compounds with long-chain alkyl radicals, urea derivatives, fatty acid-modified melamine resins, chromium complex salts, silicones, tin-organic compounds and glutaric dialdehyde and perfluorinated Links. The hydrophobized materials do not feel greasy; nevertheless, similar to greasy substances, water droplets emit from them without moistening. Thus, e.g. Silicone-impregnated textiles have a soft feel and are water and dirt repellent; Stains from ink, wine, fruit juices and the like are easier to remove.
Zur Bekämpfung von Mikroorganismen können antimikrobielle Wirkstoffe eingesetzt werden. Hierbei unterscheidet man je nach antimikrobiellem Spektrum und Wirkungsmechanismus zwischen Bakteriostatika und Bakteriziden, Fungistatika und Fungiziden usw.. Wichtige Stoffe aus diesen Gruppen sind beispielsweise Benzalkoniumchloride, Alkylarlylsulfonate, Halogenphenole und Phenolmercuriacetat, wobei auch gänzlich auf diese Verbindungen verzichtet werden kann.Antimicrobial agents can be used to combat microorganisms. Depending on the antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action, a distinction is made between bacteriostats and bactericides, fungistatics and fungicides, etc. Important substances from these groups are, for example, benzalkonium chlorides, alkylarylsulfonates, halophenols and phenolmercuric acetate, although it is entirely possible to do without these compounds.
Um unerwünschte, durch Sauerstoffeinwirkung und andere oxidative Prozesse verursachte Veränderungen an den Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln und/oder den behandelten Textilien zu verhindern, können die Mittel Antioxidantien enthalten. Zu dieser Verbindungsklasse gehören beispielsweise substituierte Phenole, Hydrochinone, Brenzcatechine und aromatische Amine sowie organische Sulfide, Polysulfide, Dithiocarbamate, Phosphite und Phosphonate.To prevent undesirable changes to the detergents and cleaners and / or the treated fabrics caused by exposure to oxygen and other oxidative processes, the compositions may contain anti-oxidants. This class of compounds includes, for example, substituted phenols, hydroquinones, catechols and aromatic amines, as well as organic sulfides, polysulfides, dithiocarbamates, phosphites and phosphonates.
Ein erhöhter Tragekomfort kann aus der zusätzlichen Verwendung von Antistatika resultieren. Antistatika vergrößern die Oberflächenleitfähigkeit und ermöglichen damit ein verbessertes Abfließen gebildeter Ladungen. Äußere Antistatika sind in der Regel Substanzen mit wenigstens einem hydrophilen Molekülliganden und geben auf den Oberflächen einen mehr oder minder hygroskopischen Film. Diese zumeist grenzflächenaktiven Antistatika lassen sich in stickstoffhaltige (Amine, Amide, quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen), phosphorhaltige (Phosphorsäureester) und schwefelhaltige (Alkylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate) Antistatika unterteilen. Lauryl- (bzw. Stearyl-) dimethylbenzylammoniumchloride eignen sich ebenfalls als Antistatika für Textilien bzw. als Zusatz zu Waschmitteln, wobei zusätzlich ein Avivageeffekt erzielt wird.Increased comfort may result from the additional use of antistatic agents. Antistatic agents increase the surface conductivity and thus allow an improved drainage of formed charges. External antistatic agents are usually substances with at least one hydrophilic molecule ligand and give more or less on the surfaces hygroscopic film. These mostly surface-active antistatic agents can be subdivided into nitrogen-containing (amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds), phosphorus-containing (phosphoric acid esters) and sulfur-containing (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates) antistatic agents. Lauryl (or stearyl) dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides are also suitable as antistatic agents for textiles or as an additive to detergents, wherein additionally a softening effect is achieved.
Zur Pflege der Textilien und zur Verbesserung der Textileigenschaften wie einem weicheren "Griff" (Avivage) und verringerter elektrostatischer Aufladung (erhöhter Tragekomfort) können Weichspüler eingesetzt werden. Die Wirkstoffe in Weichspülformulierungen sind "Esterquats", quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen mit zwei hydrophoben Resten, wie beispielsweise das Disteraryldimethylammoniumchlorid, welches jedoch wegen seiner ungenügenden biologischen Abbaubarkeit zunehmend durch quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen ersetzt wird, die in ihren hydrophoben Resten Estergruppen als Sollbruchstellen für den biologischen Abbau enthalten.Softeners can be used to care for the textiles and to improve the textile properties such as a softer "handle" (avivage) and reduced electrostatic charge (increased wearing comfort). The active ingredients in fabric softener formulations are "esterquats", quaternary ammonium compounds having two hydrophobic groups, such as disteryldimethylammonium chloride, but which is increasingly being replaced by quaternary ammonium compounds because of its insufficient biodegradability which contain ester groups in their hydrophobic residues as breaking points for biodegradation.
Derartige "Esterquats" mit verbesserter biologischer Abbaubarkeit sind beispielsweise dadurch erhältlich, dass man Mischungen von Methyldiethanotamin und/oder Triethanolamin mit Fettsäuren verestert und die Reaktionsprodukte anschließend in an sich bekannter Weise mit Alkylierungsmitteln quaterniert. Als Appretur weiterhin geeignet ist Dimethylolethylenharnstoff.Such "ester quats" with improved biodegradability are obtainable, for example, by esterifying mixtures of methyldiethanolamine and / or triethanolamine with fatty acids and then quaternizing the reaction products with alkylating agents in a manner known per se. Further suitable as a finish is dimethylolethyleneurea.
Zur Verbesserung des Wasserabsorptionsvermögens, der Wiederbenetzbarkeit der behandelten Textilien und zur Erleichterung des Bügelns der behandelten Textilien können Silikonderivate eingesetzt werden. Diese verbessern zusätzlich das Ausspülverhalten von Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln durch ihre schauminhibierenden Eigenschaften. Bevorzugte Silikonderivate sind beispielsweise Polydialkyl- oder Alkylarylsiloxane, bei denen die Alkylgruppen ein bis fünf C-Atome aufweisen und ganz oder teilweise fluoriert sind. Bevorzugte Silikone sind Polydimethylsiloxane, die gegebenenfalls derivatisiert sein können und dann aminofunktionell oder quaterniert sind bzw. Si-OH-, Si-H- und/oder Si-Cl-Bin-dungen aufweisen. Weitere bevorzugte Silikone sind die Polyalkylenoxid-modifizierten Polysiloxane, also Polysiloxane, welche beispielsweise Polyethylenglykole aufweisen sowie die Polyalkylenoxid-modifizierten Dimetylpolysiloxane.Silicone derivatives can be used to improve water absorbency, rewettability of the treated fabrics and to facilitate ironing of the treated fabrics. These additionally improve the rinsing out of detergents or cleaning agents by their foam-inhibiting properties. Preferred silicone derivatives are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups have one to five carbon atoms and are completely or partially fluorinated. Preferred silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes, which may optionally be derivatized and are then amino-functional or quaternized or have Si-OH, Si-H and / or Si-Cl bonds. Further preferred silicones are the polyalkylene oxide-modified polysiloxanes, ie polysiloxanes which comprise, for example, polyethylene glycols and also the polyalkylene oxide-modified dimetylpolysiloxanes.
Schließlich können erfindungsgemäß auch UV-Absorber eingesetzt werden, die auf die behandelten Textilien aufziehen und die Lichtbeständigkeit der Fasern verbessern. Verbindungen, die diese gewünschten Eigenschaften aufweisen, sind beispielsweise die durch strahlungslose Desaktivierung wirksamen Verbindungen und Derivate des Benzophenons mit Substituenten in 2-und/oder 4-Stellung. Weiterhin sind auch substituierte Benzotriazole, in 3-Stellung Phenylsubstituierte Acrylate (Zimtsäurederivate), gegebenenfalls mit Cyanogruppen in 2-Stellung, Salicylate, organische Ni-Komplexe sowie Naturstoffe wie Umbelliferon und die körpereigene Urocansäure geeignet.Finally, according to the invention, it is also possible to use UV absorbers which are absorbed by the treated textiles and improve the light resistance of the fibers. Compounds having these desired properties include, for example, the non-radiative deactivating compounds and derivatives of benzophenone having substituents in the 2 and / or 4 position. Also suitable are substituted benzotriazoles, phenyl-substituted acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives) in the 3-position, optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid.
Proteinhydrolysate sind auf Grund ihrer faserpflegenden Wirkung weitere im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung bevorzugte Aktivsubstanzen aus dem Gebiet der Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel. Proteinhydrolysate sind Produktgemische, die durch sauer, basisch oder enzymatisch katalysierten Abbau von Proteinen (Eiweißen) erhalten werden. Erfindungsgemäß können Proteinhydrolysate sowohl pflanzlichen als auch tierischen Ursprungs eingesetzt werden. Tierische Proteinhydrolysate sind beispielsweise Elastin-, Kollagen-, Keratin-, Seiden- und Milcheiweiß-Proteinhydrolysate, die auch in Form von Salzen vorliegen können. Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt ist die Verwendung von Proteinhydrolysaten pflanzlichen Ursprungs, z.B. Soja-, Mandel- , Reis-, Erbsen-, Kartoffel- und Weizenproteinhydrolysate. Wenngleich der Einsatz der Proteinhydrolysate als solche bevorzugt ist, können an deren Stelle gegebenenfalls auch anderweitig erhaltene Aminosäuregemische oder einzelne Aminosäuren wie beispielsweise Arginin, Lysin, Histidin der Pyrroglutaminsäure eingesetzt werden. Ebenfalls möglich ist der Einsatz von Derivaten der Proteinhydrolysate, beispielsweise in Form ihrer Fettsäure-Kondensationsprodukte.Protein hydrolyzates are due to their fiber-care effect further in the context of the present invention preferred active substances from the field of detergents and cleaners. Protein hydrolysates are product mixtures obtained by acid, alkaline or enzymatically catalyzed degradation of proteins (proteins). According to the invention, protein hydrolysates of both vegetable and animal origin can be used. Animal protein hydrolysates are, for example, elastin, collagen, keratin, silk and milk protein protein hydrolysates, which may also be present in the form of salts. Preferred according to the invention is the use of protein hydrolysates of plant origin, e.g. Soy, almonds, rice, pea, potato and wheat protein hydrolysates. Although the use of the protein hydrolysates is preferred as such, amino acid mixtures which are otherwise obtained, or individual amino acids such as, for example, arginine, lysine, histidine of pyrroglutamic acid, may also be used in their place. Also possible is the use of derivatives of protein hydrolysates, for example in the form of their fatty acid condensation products.
Zu den nichtwässrigen Lösungsmittel, welche erfindungsgemäß eingesetzt werden können, zählen insbesondere die organischen Lösungsmittel, von denen hier nur die wichtigsten aufgeführt sein können: Alkohole (Methanol, Ethanol, Propanole, Butanole, Octanole, Cyclohexanol), Glykole (Ethylenglykol, Diethylenglykol), Ether und Glykolether (Diethylether, Dibutylether, Anisol, Dioxan, Tetrahydrofuran, Mono-, Di-, Tri-, Polyethylenglykolether), Ketone (Aceton, Butanon, Cyclohexanon), Ester (Essigsäureester, Glykolester), Amide und andere Stickstoff-Verbindungen (Dimethylformamid, Pyridin, N-Methylpyrrolidon, Acetonitril), Schwefel-Verindungen (Schwefelkohlenstoff, Dimethylsulfoxid, Sulfolan), Nitro-Verbindungen (Nitrobenzol), Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe (Dichlormethan, Chloroform, Tetrachlormethan, Tri-, Tetrachlorethen, 1,2-Dichlorethan, Chlorfluorkohlenstoffe), Kohlenwasserstoffe (Benzine, Petrolether, Cyclohexan, Methylcyclohexan, Decalin, Terpen-Lösungsmittel, Benzol, Toluol, Xylole). Alternativ können statt der reinen Lösungsmittel auch deren Gemische, welche beispielsweise die Lösungseigenschaften verschiedener Lösungsmittel vorteilhaft vereinigen, eingesetzt werden. Ein derartiges und im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung besonders bevorzugtes Lösungsmittelgemisch ist beispielsweise Waschbenzin, ein zur chemischen Reinigung geeignetes Gemisch verschiedener Kohlenwasserstoffe, vorzugsweise mit einem Gehalt an C12 bis C14 Kohlenwasserstoffen oberhalb 60 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt oberhalb 80 Gew.-% und insbesondere oberhalb 90 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Gemischs, vorzugsweise mit einem Siedebereich von 81 bis 110 °C.The nonaqueous solvents which can be used according to the invention include, in particular, the organic solvents, of which only the most important can be listed here: alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanols, butanols, octanols, cyclohexanol), glycols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol), ethers and glycol ethers (diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, anisole, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, mono-, di-, tri-, polyethylene glycol ethers), ketones (acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone), esters (acetic acid esters, glycol esters), amides and other nitrogen compounds (dimethylformamide, Pyridine, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile), sulfur compounds (carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane), nitro compounds (nitrobenzene), halogenated hydrocarbons (dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorofluorocarbons), hydrocarbons (Benzine, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, terpene solvent, benzene, toluene, xylene e). Alternatively, instead of the pure solvents, their mixtures, which advantageously combine, for example, the dissolution properties of various solvents, can also be used. Such a solvent mixture which is particularly preferred in the context of the present application is, for example, benzine, a mixture of various hydrocarbons suitable for dry cleaning, preferably containing C12 to C14 hydrocarbons above 60% by weight, more preferably above 80% by weight and in particular above 90 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the mixture, preferably having a boiling range of 81 to 110 ° C.
Ein poröser Polymerträger aus vernetztem Polypropylen wurde im Lödige-Mischer vorgelegt und mit einer Schmelze aus PEG (Polyethylenglykol) 4000 und einem Parfümöl bei 80°C vermengt und gemischt. Nach etwa 1-2 Minuten erstarrte das Gemisch.A porous polymer support of cross-linked polypropylene was placed in the Lödige mixer and mixed with a melt of PEG (polyethylene glycol) 4000 and a perfume oil at 80 ° C and mixed. After about 1-2 minutes, the mixture solidified.
Resultierende Zusammensetzung des Parfümspeichers:
Claims (15)
- A particulate fluid reservoir made up of a porous, particulate polymer substrate, which is charged with 5 % by weight to 95 % by weight, based on the total weight of the charged polymer substrate, of an inclusion mixture, said inclusion mixture:a) being, as such, highly viscous or solid at temperatures ≤ 20 °C,b) containing fluids, and containing at least one additive that can flow at elevated temperature, having a melting point or flow point in the range of 25 °C to 120 °C,c) transforming, essentially without decomposition, into a molten state even at temperatures below 120 °C.
- The fluid reservoir according to Claim 1, in which the fluid is a liquid (at T = 20 °C).
- The fluid reservoir according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the polymer substrate before charging with the inclusion mixture is an at least partially open-pore structure with a mean pore diameter preferably between 1 µm and 300 µm.
- The fluid reservoir according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the additives contained in the inclusion mixture, the flow points of which are in the temperature range of 25 °C to 120 °C, are selected from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, silicones, paraffins, nonionic surfactants, esterquats, mono-, di- or tri-glycerides, waxes, carbohydrates and/or polyalkylene glycols.
- The fluid reservoir according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inclusion mixture comprises further solids.
- The fluid reservoir according to Claim 5, characterized in that the solids comprising the inclusion mixture have a d50 value less than 0.2 mm.
- The fluid reservoir according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inclusion mixture comprises solids selected from the group of zeolites, bentonites, silicates, phosphates, urea and/or its derivatives, sulfates, carbonates, citrates, citric acid, acetates and/or salts of anionic surfactants.
- The fluid reservoir according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a size such that it can be grasped by human hands and can be used for manual treatment of objects.
- The fluid reservoir according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is coated.
- A process for producing a fluid reservoir according to one of the foregoing Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a mixture of additive(s) that is highly viscous or solid at T ≤ 20 °C and of fluid(s) is brought into a liquid state by heating, and this flowable mixture is mixed with a porous polymer substrate and then allowed to cool.
- The process for producing a fluid reservoir according to Claim 10 characterized in thata) one or more common fluids at temperatures of 20 to 22 °C are mixed by stirring with additive(s) having a flow point in the range of 20 °C to 100° C and thenb) the mixture is heated to temperatures in the range of the flow point of the additive, preferably above the flow range, so that a flowable mixture results, and thenc) while retaining the elevated temperature, optionally further additives are suspended in the mixture, with the mixture still flowable, and thend) the flowable mixture is mixed with a porous polymer substrate at temperatures of 25° to 150 °C, and finallye) the resulting mixture is allowed to cool.
- A washing or cleaning agent containing fluid reservoirs according to one of Claims 1 to 11.
- Use of the fluid reservoirs according to one of Claims 1 to 11 for providing fragrance to textiles during the laundering or drying process.
- Use of the fluid reservoirs according to one of Claims 1 to 11 for direct manual treatment of objects.
- A product wherein at least one surface of the product is firmly coated with the fluid reservoirs according to one of Claims 1 to 11.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL06829646T PL1981936T3 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2006-12-15 | Fluid reservoir |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DE102006005988 | 2006-02-08 | ||
DE200610021553 DE102006021553A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2006-05-08 | fluid reservoir |
PCT/EP2006/012096 WO2007090451A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2006-12-15 | Fluid reservoir |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1981936A1 EP1981936A1 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
EP1981936B1 true EP1981936B1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP06829646.6A Not-in-force EP1981936B1 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2006-12-15 | Fluid reservoir |
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US (3) | US8093197B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1981936B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006021553A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2405305T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1981936T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007090451A1 (en) |
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US8367596B2 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2013-02-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Laundry detergent compositions in the form of an article |
CN103037710B (en) | 2010-04-15 | 2016-08-10 | 卓莫赛尔公司 | For the compound of bitterness, compositions and method are reduced or eliminated |
CN102817208B (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2017-03-01 | 塞罗斯有限公司 | Washing solid particle and its washing methods |
US9150818B2 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2015-10-06 | Purecap Laundry, Llc | Laundry cleaning product |
KR20140043502A (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2014-04-09 | 에어 프로덕츠 앤드 케미칼스, 인코오포레이티드 | Ionic/ionogenic comb copolymer compositions and personal care products containing the same |
US8703205B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2014-04-22 | Hasan Ali ALZAHRANI | Natural compositions and methods of promoting wound healing |
CN103998028B (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2017-12-08 | 卓莫赛尔公司 | For compound, composition and the method for bitter taste to be reduced or eliminated |
DE102014117395A1 (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-06-02 | Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh | Porous, water-insoluble carrier material with surfactant coating and its use |
EP3317387A4 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2019-05-01 | Ecolab USA Inc. | Metal silicate and organic deposit inhibitor/dispersant for thermal recovery operations of hydrocarbon fuels |
US10035949B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2018-07-31 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Fluoro-inorganics for well cleaning and rejuvenation |
EP3241889B1 (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2019-03-20 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Cleaning composition |
US11273428B2 (en) | 2017-04-10 | 2022-03-15 | Iconic Ventures, Inc. | Vaporizable substance storage device |
US10413685B2 (en) | 2017-04-10 | 2019-09-17 | Iconic Ventures, Inc. | Vaporizer |
US10648115B2 (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2020-05-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for treating an article of clothing utilizing water-soluble particles comprising an esterquat |
US10487293B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2019-11-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Particulate laundry softening wash additive |
US10640731B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2020-05-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Particulate laundry softening wash additive |
US10655084B2 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2020-05-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Particulate laundry softening and freshening wash additive |
CA3096851A1 (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2019-10-17 | Iconic Ventures, Inc. | Vaporizable substance storage device |
EP3663385A1 (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Particulate laundry softening wash additive |
EP3663384A1 (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Particulate laundry softening wash additive |
US11365378B1 (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2022-06-21 | Esembly Inc. | Detergent for cloth diaper laundry |
US20230399585A1 (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2023-12-14 | Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever | Laundry spray composition |
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JPS60163808A (en) * | 1984-02-06 | 1985-08-26 | Kao Corp | Cosmetic |
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GB9120951D0 (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1991-11-13 | Unilever Plc | Perfume particles |
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US6790814B1 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2004-09-14 | Procter & Gamble Company | Delivery system having encapsulated porous carrier loaded with additives, particularly detergent additives such as perfumes |
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JP2003026851A (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-29 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Impregnated product, polyolefin composition containing the impregnated product and method for manufacturing the same, and molded product obtained from the composition |
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US20050031699A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-02-10 | L'oreal | Porous particles loaded with cosmetically or pharmaceutically active compounds |
DE102004050562A1 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-05-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Absorbable particles |
-
2006
- 2006-05-08 DE DE200610021553 patent/DE102006021553A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-12-15 ES ES06829646T patent/ES2405305T3/en active Active
- 2006-12-15 WO PCT/EP2006/012096 patent/WO2007090451A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-15 EP EP06829646.6A patent/EP1981936B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-12-15 PL PL06829646T patent/PL1981936T3/en unknown
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2008
- 2008-08-08 US US12/188,628 patent/US8093197B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
- 2011-12-01 US US13/308,952 patent/US20120077728A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-12-19 US US13/329,548 patent/US8349781B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US8093197B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 |
US20120077728A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
PL1981936T3 (en) | 2013-09-30 |
US20120093902A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
US8349781B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
US20090035337A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
ES2405305T3 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
WO2007090451A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
EP1981936A1 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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